JP2011082832A - Encryption communication system and encryption communication method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an encryption communication system and an encryption communication method and a device, capable of suppressing degradation in safety of encryption communication in case of degradation in reliability of a relay station. <P>SOLUTION: Key sharing means (111, 112, 161, and 162) share at least one encryption key (K<SB>11</SB>, K<SB>13</SB>) with the other side of communication through at least one route among a plurality of different routes connected to the other sides of communication (11, 16). A multiple encryption part (113) and a multiple decryption part (163) cause a message (M), which is transmitted to the other side of communication, to be subject to multiple encryption using the encryption key that is shared with the other side of communication, and decode the multiple encryption message received from the other side of communication by using the encryption key shared with the other side of communication, respectively. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an encryption communication system, and more particularly, to an encryption communication apparatus and an encryption communication method for avoiding security deterioration.

  The Internet, which continues to grow at a rapid pace, is convenient, but has great concerns about its security, and the need for cryptography is increasing to keep communications secret. Currently used encryption methods are classified into secret key encryption such as DES (Data Encryption Standard) and Triple DES, and public key encryption such as RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman) and elliptic curve encryption. However, these are cryptographic communication methods that guarantee security by relying on “computational complexity”, and there is always a risk of being deciphered by the advent of computers and cryptanalysis algorithms capable of processing a huge amount of computation. It is. Under such circumstances, the quantum key distribution system (QKD) has been attracting attention as an encryption key distribution technique that is “never eavesdropped”.

  In QKD, a photon is generally used as a communication medium, and information is transmitted in quantum states such as polarization and phase. An eavesdropper on the transmission path steals information by tapping the photon being transmitted, etc., but it is impossible to completely return the photon once observed to the quantum state before observation due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. As a result, the statistical value of the received data detected by the legitimate receiver changes. By detecting this change, the receiver can detect an eavesdropper on the transmission path.

  In the case of the quantum key distribution method using the phase of photons, an optical interferometer is organized by a sender and a receiver (hereinafter referred to as Alice and Bob, respectively), and each photon is randomly phased by Alice and Bob. Apply modulation. Depending on the difference in modulation phase depth, an output of 0 or 1 is obtained, and after that, a part of the condition when the output data is measured is collated between Alice and Bob, and finally the same between Alice and Bob Bit strings can be shared.

  FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a cryptographic communication system using the quantum key distribution method. It is assumed that the quantum cryptography communication unit Q on the Alice side and the quantum cryptography communication unit Q on the Bob side are connected by an optical transmission line. The quantum cryptography communication unit Q on the Alice side includes a quantum key transmission unit 901, a key generation control unit 902, a key memory 903, and an encryption communication unit 907. The key memory 903 includes a key element, a raw key, and a selection described later. A key and an encryption key are stored. The quantum encryption communication unit Q on the Bob side includes a quantum key reception unit 904, a key generation control unit 905, a key memory 906, and an encryption communication unit 908. The key memory 906 includes a raw key, a selection key, and an encryption key, which will be described later. Is stored. Here, the quantum cryptography communication unit Q on the Alice side and the quantum cryptography communication unit Q on the Bob side may be unidirectional or reciprocal. Using the encryption keys shared in the key memories 903 and 906, encrypted communication is performed between the encrypted communication unit 907 and the encrypted communication unit 908 through another channel of the same optical transmission line or through a separate transmission line or network. It can be carried out.

  Next, a general flow of quantum key generation will be described with reference to FIG. The Alice-side quantum key transmission unit 901 sends single-photon level weak light randomly phase-modulated by the original random number (key element) of the encryption key to the optical fiber F, and receives the Bob-side quantum key. Although the unit 904 receives the data, most of the information amount is lost by the single photon transmission S910. At this stage, the key shared by Alice and Bob is called the raw key. Alice-side and Bob-side key generation control units 902 and 905 sequentially perform base verification S911, error correction S912, and privacy amplification S913 on the raw key by normal optical communication. An encryption key halved by performing base collation S911 on the raw key is referred to as a selected key. Thereafter, an error correction process S912 for correcting the error mixed in the quantum key distribution step S910, and a confidentiality enhancement process S913 for sifting out the amount of information that can be assumed to be leaked to an eavesdropper, and the rest are actually used as encryption keys. This is the final key (encryption key) used.

  As described above, in the QKD technology, random numbers are shared using an optical signal whose intensity has been reduced to a single photon state as a medium, so an encryption key can be distributed while preventing eavesdropping. The speed of key generation is limited. Furthermore, in the process of enhancing confidentiality, the amount of information that can be assumed to be leaked to the eavesdropper is screened based on the error rate during single-photon transmission, so a secure encryption key can be shared for long-distance transmissions with high error rates. Disappear.

  For example, according to Non-Patent Document 1, there is a relationship represented by the following equation between the error rate at the time of encryption key sharing and the speed R at which a safe encryption key can be generated.

R> 1-H (ex)-H (ez)
Here, ex is the bit error rate, ez is the phase error rate, and H (e) = − e · log ₂ e − (1-e) · log ₂ (1-e) is binary Shannon entropy. The term relating to H (ex) in the above equation corresponds to the amount of information lost during the error correction process, and the term relating to H (ez) corresponds to the amount of information discarded during the confidentiality enhancement process. The result of reducing the information amount about twice the amount of information calculated from the error rate in this way is the speed at which a secure encryption key can be generated.

  FIG. 15 shows an example of a change in the encryption key generation speed with respect to the transmission distance. The broken line in the figure represents the speed at which the raw key can be shared, and the solid line represents the speed at which the secure final key can be shared. Since the transmission loss increases as the transmission distance becomes longer, the raw key generation speed deteriorates. Since the error rate is low when the transmission distance is short and the transmission loss is small, the amount of information lost in the error correction and concealment enhancement process is small, and the final key generation speed is not much different from that of the raw key. On the other hand, when the transmission loss increases and the error rate increases, the final key generation rate deviates greatly from the raw key generation rate, and when a specific threshold distance is exceeded, encryption key generation cannot be performed. In order to overcome such a distance limitation of the QKD technology, research and development of the quantum relay technology is widely performed, but further breakthrough is necessary for practical use.

  On the other hand, Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for constructing a long-distance encrypted communication network using a reliable relay station as a technique that can be used relatively easily at the present time. Non-Patent Document 2 shows the following two relay methods.

In the first relay system, as shown in FIG. 16, the encryption key K ₁ obtained by encrypting the message M at the transmission source site 1 is relayed to the transmission destination site 4 while being decrypted / encrypted for each relay site. The encrypted message M is transmitted to the destination site 4 via another network. The relay system is a system that performs encrypted communication by sharing an encryption key K ₁ with End-to-End, hereinafter referred to as encryption key relay scheme.

  In the second relay system, as shown in FIG. 17, the message M is relayed and transmitted to the destination site 4 while being sequentially encrypted / decrypted for each of the transmission source site 1 and the relay sites 2 and 3. This relay method is a method in which decryption / encryption is repeated at each relay node for a message M to be encrypted, and is hereinafter referred to as an iterative encryption relay method.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a relay device for maintaining the confidentiality of an encryption key. In this relay device, the encryption keys of the connected terminal and the transmission destination relay device are respectively acquired and held, and the information from the terminal is flattened using the corresponding encryption key, and is transmitted to the transmission destination. Encrypt with the encryption key of the relay device and send.

  Patent Document 2 discloses an authentication method that improves the security of the authentication method itself by double-encrypting and transmitting authentication information using a shared random number and secret information, and via a relay station. An authentication system is also disclosed.

JP 2001-237824 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-210023

D. Gottesman, H.-K. Lo, N. Luetkenhaus, and J. Preskill, “Security of quantum key distribution with imperfect devices,” Quant. Inf. Comput., Vol. 4, no. 5, pp.325- 360, Sep. 2004. C. Elliot, “Building the quantum network,” New J. Phys. Vol. 4, 46, July 2002.

  However, both the encryption key relay system and the iterative encryption relay system disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 guarantee the security of the existence of a reliable relay station. Therefore, if the reliability of the relay station is lost, the security of encrypted communication is impaired. If an eavesdropper attacks the relay station and succeeds in at least one attack, the eavesdropper can obtain the decrypted message in the case of the repeated encryption relay method, and the encryption key in the case of the encryption key relay method. As a result, the encrypted message can be decrypted.

  In addition, the systems disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are also effective on the premise that the relay station can be trusted. If the reliability of the relay station is lost, the security of encrypted communication is impaired.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an encryption communication system, an encryption communication method, and an apparatus that can suppress the deterioration of security of encrypted communication against the deterioration of reliability of a relay station.

  The encryption communication apparatus according to the present invention transmits to the communication partner, a key sharing means for sharing at least one encryption key with the communication partner through at least one of a plurality of different routes connected to the communication partner. An encryption communication unit that multiplex-encrypts a message using at least an encryption key shared with the communication partner and decrypts a multiplex encryption message received from the communication partner using at least the encryption key shared with the communication partner; It is characterized by that.

  The communication control method of the encryption communication apparatus according to the present invention is configured to share at least one encryption key with the communication partner through at least one of a plurality of different paths connected to the communication partner and store the same in a key memory. Multiplex encrypting a message to be transmitted to a partner using an encryption key shared with the communication partner, and decrypting a multiplex encrypted message received from the communication partner using an encryption key shared with the communication partner. To do.

  A cryptographic communication system that performs cryptographic communication between a first node and a second node according to the present invention includes a network that can be connected between the first node and the second node through a plurality of different paths, Each of the first node and the second node has key sharing means for sharing at least one encryption key with the other node through at least one path of the network, and the transmission source node is a transmission destination node A message to be transmitted to the multi-encryption using the encryption key shared with the destination node, and the destination node decrypts the multi-encrypted message received from the source node using the encryption key shared with the source node. It is characterized by.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the safety degradation of encryption communication can be suppressed with respect to the reliability degradation of a relay station.

(A) is a network diagram showing a schematic configuration of the cryptographic communication system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, (B) is a network diagram showing a schematic configuration of the cryptographic communication system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a network diagram showing an example of a secret communication network in the cryptographic communication system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, (B) is another example of the secret communication network in the cryptographic communication system according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the encryption communication system by 1st Example of this invention. It is a typical block diagram for demonstrating each operation | movement of the transmission origin site (a) in the encryption communication system shown in FIG. 3, an adjacent site (b), and a passage site (c). It is a typical block diagram for demonstrating operation | movement of the transmission destination site in the encryption communication system shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement in each site in the encryption communication system shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the encryption communication system by 2nd Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the encryption communication system by 3rd Example of this invention. It is a typical block diagram for demonstrating each operation | movement of the transmission origin site (a), passage site (b), and transmission destination site (c) in the encryption communication system shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the operation | movement in each site in the encryption communication system shown in FIG. (A) is a network diagram showing an example of a secret communication network in the cryptographic communication system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, (B) is another example of the secret communication network in the cryptographic communication system according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the encryption communication system by 4th Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows an example of the encryption communication system using the quantum key distribution method. It is a schematic diagram showing the encryption key generation flow in quantum encryption key distribution. It is a graph which shows the speed which can share a secure key in quantum cryptography key distribution. It is a block diagram which shows the encryption communication system of an encryption key relay system. It is a block diagram which shows the encryption communication system of a repetitive encryption relay system.

1. System Overview As shown in FIG. 1A, in the cryptographic communication system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, it is assumed that a transmission source node 10 and a transmission destination node 20 are connected to a network 30, respectively. Although the form of the network 30 is not limited, it is desirable to have a secret communication function. For example, a network including nodes having encryption key sharing means using the above-described quantum key distribution (QKD) technique or the like is particularly desirable.

  The transmission source node 10 and the transmission destination node 20 are connected by a plurality of different paths in the network 30, and a plurality (n) of encryption keys k 1 -kn are transmitted from the transmission source node 10 to the transmission destination node 20 through them. . Further, the transmission source node 10 multi-encrypts the transmission message using the encryption key k1-kn, and transmits the multi-encrypted message to the transmission destination node 20 through the network 30 or another network. The transmission destination node 20 decrypts the multiple encrypted message received from the transmission source node 10 using the encryption keys k 1 -kn received through the plurality of routes of the network 30. According to the first embodiment, the network for transferring the multiple encrypted messages is not limited, and there is an advantage that, for example, an existing public network can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, in the cryptographic communication system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the source node 10 and the destination node 20 are connected to the network 30 respectively. It is particularly desirable that the network is composed of nodes having encryption key sharing means.

  The transmission source node 10 and the transmission destination node 20 are connected through a plurality of different paths in the network 30, and a plurality of (n number) encryption keys k1-kn and a plurality of messages encrypted with these encryption keys It can be transmitted to the destination node 20 through the route. The destination node 20 decrypts the original message from the encryption key k1-kn and the multiple encrypted message received through the network 30. According to the second embodiment, there is an advantage that higher secrecy can be obtained by transmitting the multiple encrypted message through the secret communication path.

  As described above, according to the present invention, an encryption key is shared through a plurality of paths from the source to the destination of the encrypted message, and the message is multiplexed and transmitted using the plurality of encryption keys. Therefore, even in a system that extends the communication distance by relaying the encrypted communication path, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the security of the encrypted communication against the deterioration of the reliability of the relay node. That is, as long as the security of a plurality of relay nodes is not impaired at the same time, it is impossible for an eavesdropper to decrypt the encrypted message, and the security of the encrypted communication is ensured.

2. First Embodiment Although the network 30 in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1A is preferably a secret communication network as described above, the topology may be either a ring type or a star type.

  In the ring network shown in FIG. 2A, for example, the node N1 is a transmission source and the node N3 is a transmission destination. The source node N1 multi-encrypts the message M using the two encryption keys k1 and k2, and transmits the multi-encrypted message k1k2 (M) to the destination node N3 through the ring network or another network (not shown). Then, the encryption keys k1 and k2 are sequentially encrypted between the nodes and transmitted to the destination node N3 in the opposite direction. Therefore, only the node N3 that has received the encryption keys k1 and k2 and the multiple encrypted message k1k2 (M) can decrypt the original message M. If the encryption key shared between adjacent nodes of the network 30 can be updated, the encryption key can be transmitted to the destination while maintaining high confidentiality. For example, an encryption key generated by the QKD technology can be used for a one-time-pad (OTP) cipher that is proved to be indecipherable, thereby providing absolutely secure encryption communication. it can. When encrypted communication is performed using the one-time pad encryption, the encryption key is consumed by the same capacity as the data, and is always discarded once.

  The same applies to the star network shown in FIG. Here, nodes N2-N4 are connected with note N1 as the center, and these nodes N2-N4 are further connected to another node N5. Each node N2-N4 can transmit information to any other node via nodes N1 and / or N5.

  If the node N2 is a transmission source and the node N4 is a transmission destination, the transmission source node N2 multi-encrypts the message M using the two encryption keys k1 and k2, and the multi-encryption message k1k2 (M) is transmitted to the node N1 or N5 or another network is transmitted to the destination node N4, and the encryption keys k1 and k2 are transmitted to the destination node N4 in a secret state via the other nodes N1 and N5, respectively. Therefore, only the node N4 that has received the encryption keys k1 and k2 and the multiple encrypted message k1k2 (M) can decrypt the original message M. By using the encryption key shared between adjacent nodes of the network 30 for the one-time pad encryption as described above, it is possible to transfer the encryption key and the multiple encrypted message to the destination node while maintaining high confidentiality. .

2.1) First Example As a first example of the present invention, a case of a ring type secret communication network adopting the encryption key relay system shown in FIG. 2A will be described. Here, it is assumed that the one-time pad encryption is used when relaying the encryption key or encrypting the message. The encryption key sharing means for sharing the encryption key between the source and destination sites uses a secret key sharing method between adjacent sites using QKD. However, the present invention is not limited to the QKD technique, and other secret key sharing methods can be used.

a) Configuration As shown in FIG. 3, the sites 11-16 are respectively connected by optical transmission lines 171 to 176 to form a ring network. Here, the site 11 is a transmission source node, the site 16 is a transmission destination node, the site 11 and the site 16 are first routes having the sites 12 and 13 as relay nodes, and the sites 14 and 15 are relay nodes. It is assumed that they are connected by two paths. Each of the sites 11-16 has basically the same configuration, and may be connected to another network not shown.

The site 11 includes quantum cryptography devices 111 and 112 and a multiple encryption unit 113. The quantum cryptographic communication device 111 is connected to the quantum cryptographic communication device 121 of the adjacent site 12 through the optical transmission line 171 and is shared between the sites 11 and 12 as described above (see FIG. 13). K ₁₁ is generated and stored in a key memory (not shown). Similarly, a quantum cryptography communication device 112 is connected to the quantum cryptography communication device 141 site 14 adjacent via the optical transmission path 173, generates an encryption key K ₁₃ shared between the sites 11 and 14 keys It is stored in a memory (not shown). The multiple encryption unit 113 multi-encrypts the message M by calculating the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₁₁ , the encryption key K ₁₃ and the message M to be transmitted, and the first route, the second route, or not shown. The data is transmitted to the destination site 16 through another network.

The site 12 includes quantum cryptographic communication devices 121 and 122 and an encrypted communication unit (not shown). Quantum cryptography communication device 121 (not shown) generated by the key memory the encryption key K ₁₁ shared between the sites 11 and 12 in cooperation with the quantum cryptography communication device 111 of the site 11 as described above Is stored. Similarly, a quantum cryptography communication device 122 is connected to the quantum cryptography communication device 131 of site 13 via an optical transmission path 172, generates an encryption key K ₁₂ shared between the sites 12 and 13 as described above Stored in the key memory. Encrypted communication unit transmits the cipher key K ₁₁ by calculating the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₁₁ and the encryption key K ₁₂ to the encrypted site 13.

The site 13 includes quantum cryptography devices 131 and 132 and an encryption communication unit (not shown). As described above, the quantum cryptography communication device 131 cooperates with the quantum cryptography communication device 121 of the site ₁₂ to generate the encryption key K12 shared between the sites 12 and 13, and to generate a key memory (not shown). ). Similarly, a quantum cryptography communication device 132 is connected to the quantum cryptography communication device 161 of site 16 via an optical transmission path 175, generates an encryption key K ₁₅ shared between the sites 13 and 16 as described above Stored in the key memory. Encrypted communication unit decrypts the encryption key K ₁₁ by calculating the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₁₁ encrypted received from the encryption key K ₁₂ and site 12 shared with the site 12, subsequently transmits the encryption key K ₁₁ by calculating the exclusive OR between the cipher key K ₁₁ and the encryption key K ₁₅ to the destination site 16 and encryption.

The site 14 and the site 15 have the same basic configuration and function as the site 12 and the site 13 described above. That is, the site 14 includes quantum cryptographic communication devices 141 and 142 and an encrypted communication unit (not shown). The quantum cryptographic communication device 142 is connected to the quantum cryptographic communication device 151 of the site 15 via the optical transmission path 174. As described above, the encryption key K ₁₄ that is connected and shared between the sites 14 and 15 is generated and stored in the key memory. Encrypted communication unit transmits the cipher key K ₁₃ by calculating the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₁₃ and the encryption key K ₁₄ to the site 15 and encryption. The site 15 includes quantum cryptography devices 151 and 152 and an encrypted communication unit (not shown), and the encrypted communication unit receives from the site 14 using the encryption key K ₁₄ shared with the site 14. The encrypted encryption key K ₁₃ is decrypted, and then the encryption key K ₁₃ is encrypted and transmitted to the destination site 16 by calculating the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₁₃ and the encryption key K ₁₆ shared with the site 16. To do.

The site 16 includes quantum cryptography devices 161 and 162, a multiplex / decryption unit 163, and an encryption communication unit (not shown). As described above, the quantum cryptography communication device 161 cooperates with the quantum cryptography communication device 132 of the site 13 to generate the encryption key K ₁₅ shared between the sites 13 and 16 and generates a key memory (not shown). Is stored. Similarly quantum cryptography communication device 162 generates an encryption key K ₁₆ shared key memory (shown between sites 15 and 16 in cooperation with the quantum cryptography communication device 152 of the site 15 as described above )). Encrypted communication unit decrypts the encryption key K ₁₁ by calculating the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₁₁ encrypted received from the encryption key K ₁₅ and site 12 shared with the site 13, The data is output to the multiplex decoding unit 163. Moreover, encrypted communication unit, decrypting the encryption key K ₁₃ by calculating the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₁₃ encrypted received from the encryption key K ₁₆ and site 15 shared with the site 15 And output to the multiplex decoding unit 163. Using the decrypted encryption key K ₁₁ and encryption key K ₁₃ , the multiple decryption unit 163 decrypts the message M that has been multiplexed and encrypted at the site 11 using the encryption key K ₁₁ and the encryption key K ₁₃ .

  In FIG. 3, the transmission source site 11 and the transmission destination site 16 are separately illustrated. However, the multiple encryption unit 113 and the multiple decryption unit 163 are provided as encryption communication means in one site, and the message Can send and receive. The same applies to the following embodiments.

b) Operation By preparing a controller that controls the entire ring network shown in FIG. 3, the encryption / decryption operation at each site can be controlled. The network shown in FIG. It is also possible to manage in a distributed manner. The operation of each site by distributed management will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  4 and 5, only the basic functional configuration of each site constituting the ring network is illustrated. For example, the site shown in FIG. 4A shows the quantum cryptography communication devices 101 and 103 and the arithmetic unit 102 that calculates an exclusive OR, and the other FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, and FIG. The same reference numerals are used hereinafter. Note that a control unit (not shown) is provided at each site, and the control unit controls operations of the quantum cryptography devices 101 and 103 and the computing unit 102 according to the control flow shown in FIG. The function equivalent to that of the control unit can also be realized by executing a program on a program control processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).

First, FIG. 4A shows a source site 10A to which a message is to be sent (S201 in FIG. 6). In the transmission source site 10A, the quantum cryptographic communication device 101 shares the encryption key K _Al with the opposite node, and the quantum cryptographic communication device 103 shares the encryption key K _Ar with the opposite node.

Since the source site 10A is the source of the message M in this case (S202: YES in FIG. 6), the control unit performs key relay for the site to which each of the quantum cryptography devices 101 and 103 is connected. The request and the address of the destination site are notified (S203 in FIG. 6). At the same time, under the control of the control unit, the computing unit 102 calculates the exclusive OR of the message M and the encryption keys K _Al and K _Ar to obtain a multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K _Al .EXOR.K _Ar ) Is generated and transmitted to the destination site (S204 in FIG. 6).

FIG. 4B shows a site 10B located on both sides of the transmission source site 10A. Therefore, the connection destination of either of the quantum cryptography devices 101 and 103 is the source site 10A. Here, it is assumed that the connection destination of the quantum cryptography communication device 101 is the transmission source site 10A. As described above, the quantum cryptographic communication devices 101 and 103 share the encryption key K _Bl (= K _Ar ) and the encryption key K _Br with the respective connection destination devices.

When the site 10B receives the key relay request from the transmission source site 10A (S201 in FIG. 6), since the site 10B is neither the transmission source nor the transmission destination (S202: NO, S205: YES, S206 in FIG. 6). NO), the computing unit 102 calculates the exclusive OR of the encryption keys K _Bl (= K _Ar ) and K _Br, and the calculation result K _Bl .EXOR.K _Br (hereinafter referred to as K _Ar .EXOR.K _Br ) Is transmitted from the quantum cryptography communication device 103 to the adjacent site (S211 in FIG. 6). Similarly, when the connection destination of the quantum cryptography communication device 103 of the site 10B is the transmission source site 10A, the computing unit 102 calculates the exclusive OR of the encryption keys K _Br (= K _A1 ) and K _B1 , The calculation result K _Br .EXOR.K _B1 (hereinafter referred to as K _A1 .EXOR.K _B1 ) is transmitted from the quantum cryptography communication device 101 to the adjacent site.

FIG. 4C shows a passing site 10C that is neither adjacent to the source site nor the destination site. As described above, the quantum cryptographic communication devices 101 and 103 share the encryption keys K _Cl and K _Cr with the respective connection destination devices. When the site 10C receives K _Ar .EXOR.K _Cr (or K _A1 .EXOR.K _C1 ) from the adjacent site (S201 in FIG. 6), the control unit does not have the site 10C as the source or destination (see FIG. 6). 6 S202: NO, S205: NO, S209: NO), and the computing unit 102 is exclusive of K _Ar .EXOR.K _Cr (or K _A1 .EXOR.K _C1 ) and the encryption key K _Cr (or K _Cl ). K _Ar (or K _A1 ) is decrypted by calculating the logical sum, and the exclusive OR of the decryption result and the encryption key K _Cl (or K _Cr ) is further calculated to obtain the calculation result K _A1 . EXOR.K _Cr (or K _Ar .EXOR.K _C1 ) is transmitted to the adjacent site (S208 in FIG. 6).

FIG. 5A shows a case where the transmission destination site 10D is adjacent to the transmission source site 10A. Here, it is assumed that the quantum cryptography communication device 101 is connected to the transmission source site 10A. Accordingly, as described above, the quantum cryptography devices 101 and 103 share the encryption keys K _Dl (= K _Ar ) and K _Dr with the respective connection destination devices.

When the site 10D receives the key relay request from the transmission source site 10A (S201 in FIG. 6), the control unit determines that the site 10D is not the transmission source but the transmission destination (S202: NO, S205: YES, S206 in FIG. 6). : YES), the encryption key K _A1 is decrypted by causing the computing unit 102 to calculate the exclusive OR of K _A1 .EXOR.K _Dr received in the reverse direction and the encryption key K _Dl . Further, the computing unit 102 receives the multiple encryption message (M.EXOR.K _Al .EXOR.K _Ar ) received from the transmission source site 10A, the encryption key K _Dl (= K _Ar ), and the decrypted encryption key K _A1. The original message M is decrypted by calculating the exclusive OR with (S207 in FIG. 6).

FIG. 5B shows a case where the transmission destination site 10E is not adjacent to the transmission source site 10A. Accordingly, as described above, the quantum cryptography devices 101 and 103 share the encryption keys K _El and K _Er with the respective connection destination devices. When the site 10E receives K _A1 .EXOR.K _D1 and K _Ar .EXOR.K _Dr from the adjacent sites (S201 in FIG. 6), the control unit determines that the site 10E is not the transmission source but the transmission destination (FIG. 6). 6 S202: NO, S205: NO, S209: YES), and the arithmetic unit 102 performs exclusive OR of K _A1 .EXOR.K _D1 and K _Ar .EXOR.K _Dr and the encryption keys K _D1 and K _Dr , respectively. The encryption keys K _A1 and K _Ar are decrypted by calculating. Further, the computing unit 102 performs exclusive logic between the multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K _Al .EXOR.K _Ar ) received from the transmission source site 10A and the encryption keys K _A1 and K _Ar obtained by decryption. The original message M is decrypted by calculating the sum (S210 in FIG. 6).

c) Effect As described above, according to the first embodiment of the present invention, even if the reliability of any one of the relay sites 12-15 as shown in FIG. The security of encrypted communication with the site 14 is ensured. The reason is that, for example, even if the attack on the site 12 or 13 is successful and the encryption key K ₁₁ is known to the eavesdropper, the message M is encrypted using both the encryption keys K ₁₁ and K ₁₃ . This is because the eavesdropper cannot obtain the original message M.

  In the present embodiment, one-time pad encryption based on exclusive OR (EXOR) is used when relaying the encryption key or encrypting the message, but the present invention is not limited to this. Other common key ciphers may be used, and encrypted communication between the transmission source site 11 and the transmission destination site 14 is possible if the number of bits to be encrypted and the number of bits of the encryption key are equal and informationally secure. Safety is ensured.

  Further, the number of paths for sharing the encryption key between the transmission source site 11 and the transmission destination site 14 is not limited to two paths as in this embodiment, and may be three or more paths. The greater the number of paths for sending the encryption key, the higher the resistance to information leakage.

  The communication path for transmitting the multiple encrypted message from the transmission source site 11 to the transmission destination site 14 is not limited to this embodiment. For example, even when a multiple encrypted message is transferred through a first path consisting of transmission paths 171, 172, 175, a second path consisting of transmission paths 173, 174, 176, or a completely different communication path or another network. Good.

2.2) Second Example The first embodiment of the present invention can be applied not only to a ring network as shown in FIG. 2 (A) but also to a star network as shown in FIG. 2 (B). is there. FIG. 7 shows an application example to a star network as a second embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 7, nodes 302-305 are connected to a notebook 301, and these nodes 302-305 are further connected to another node 306. More specifically, the node 301 is provided with a quantum cryptography communication unit 307-310, and generates and holds an encryption key shared with each of the quantum cryptography communication units (not shown) in the nodes 302-305. is doing. Similarly, the node 306 is provided with a quantum cryptography communication unit 315-318, which generates a cryptographic key shared with another quantum cryptography communication unit (not shown) in each of the nodes 302-305. keeping. Here, the nodes 301 and 306 are positioned like a certificate authority in a public key infrastructure (PKI: Public Key Infrastructure), and manage the encryption keys.

In order to transmit a multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K ₁ .EXOR.K ₂ ) with the encryption keys K ₁ and K ₂ between the node 302 and the node 304, as described above, these encryption keys K ₁ sharing between a destination node and K ₂ a through separate pathways. For example, the shared key K ₁ between the quantum cryptographic communication unit (not shown) of the node 302 and the quantum cryptographic communication unit 307 of the node 301 is transferred from the quantum cryptographic communication unit 307 to the quantum cryptographic communication unit 309 within the node 301. To do. Subsequently, this shared key K ₁ is encrypted using a shared key between the quantum cryptography communication unit 309 of the node 301 and the quantum cryptography communication unit (not shown) of the node 304 and transmitted to the node 304. The node 304 decrypts the shared key K ₁ using the shared key used for encryption, and stores it as the encryption key K ₁ shared with the node 302. The encryption key sharing process is the same for the encryption key K ₂ except that it passes through the node 306.

Thus, only the node 304 that has received the encryption keys k 1 and k 2 and the multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K ₁ .EXOR.K ₂ ) can decrypt the original message M. Here, the quantum key distribution method is used as a means for sharing a secure secret key between nodes, but other secret key sharing means may be used.

2.3) Third Example In the above-described first example (FIG. 3), from the site 12 to the destination site 16 using the encryption key shared between the source site 11 and its neighboring sites. the encryption key K ₁₁ to the encryption key K ₁₃ to the destination site 16 from site 14, transmitted respectively. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is also possible to generate two lines of random numbers at the transmission source site and transmit them to the transmission destination site in the same procedure as in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the third embodiment of the present invention will be described mainly with respect to differences from the first embodiment.

a) Configuration As shown in FIG. 8, the sites 51-56 are connected by optical transmission lines 571-576 to form a ring network. Here, the site 51 is a transmission source node, the site 56 is a transmission destination node, the site 51 and the site 56 are first paths having the sites 52 and 53 as relay nodes, and the sites 54 and 55 are relay nodes. It is assumed that they are connected by two paths. Each of the sites 51 to 56 has basically the same configuration, and may be connected to another network not shown.

The site 51 includes quantum cryptographic communication devices 511 and 512, a multiple encryption unit 513, and a random number generator 514. The random number generator 514 generates an encryption key K ₅₇ and an encryption key K ₅₈ as two systems of random numbers.

The encryption key quantum encryption communication device 511 is connected to the quantum encryption communication device 521 of the adjacent site 52 via the optical transmission line 571, and is shared between the sites 51 and 52 as described above (see FIG. 13). An encryption key _K51 is generated and stored in a key memory (not shown). Similarly, the quantum cryptographic communication device 512 is connected to the quantum cryptographic communication device 541 of the adjacent site 54 via the optical transmission line 573, generates an encryption key K ₅₃ shared between the sites 51 and 54, and generates a key. It is stored in a memory (not shown). The multiple encryption unit 513 calculates an exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₅₇ , the encryption key K ₅₈ and the message M to be transmitted, thereby generating a multiple encryption message (M.EXOR.K ₅₇ .EXOR.K ₅₈ ). Is transmitted to the destination site 56 through the first route, the second route, or another network (not shown).

As described above, the quantum cryptographic communicator 511 at the site 51 cooperates with the quantum cryptographic communicator 511 at the site ₅₁ to generate an encryption key K ₅₁ shared between the sites 51 and 52 to generate a key memory (FIG. (Not shown). The encryption communication unit calculates the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₅₇ generated by the random number generator 514 and the encryption key K ₅₁ shared with the site 52, thereby encrypting the encryption key K ₅₇ .EXOR.K. ₅₁ is transmitted to the site 52.

Site 52, a quantum cryptography communication device 522 is connected to the quantum cryptography communication device 531 of site 53 via an optical transmission path 572, generates an encryption key K ₅₂ shared between the sites 52 and 53 as described above And stored in the key memory. The encryption communication unit calculates the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₅₁ shared with the site 51 and the encryption encryption key K ₅₇ .EXOR.K ₅₁ received from the site 51 to obtain the encryption key K ₅₇ . Decryption is then performed, and an exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₅₇ and the encryption key K ₅₂ is calculated, thereby generating an encryption encryption key K ₅₇ .EXOR. K ₅₂ and transmitting it to the destination site 53.

Similarly, at the site 53, the encryption key K ₅₇ is decrypted using the encryption key K ₅₂ , and then the exclusive encryption OR of the encryption key K ₅₇ and the encryption key K ₅₅ is calculated. ₅₇ .EXOR.K ₅₅ is generated and transmitted to the destination site 56.

The site 54 and the site 55 transfer the encryption key K ₅₈ of the transmission source site 51 while sequentially encrypting in the same procedure as the site 52 and the site 53 described above, and the site 55 transfers the encryption encryption key K ₅₈ .EXOR.K. ₅₆ is transmitted to the destination site 56.

The destination site 56 includes quantum cryptography devices 561 and 562, a multiplex / decryption unit 563, and an encryption communication unit (not shown). Quantum cryptography communication device 561 (not shown) generated by the key memory the encryption key K ₅₅ shared between the quantum cryptography communication device 532 cooperates with the site 53 and 56 of the sites 53 as described above Is stored. Similarly quantum cryptography communication device 562 generates an encryption key K ₅₆ shared key memory (shown between sites 55 and 56 in cooperation with the quantum cryptography communication 552 sites 55 as described above )). The encryption communication unit calculates the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₅₅ shared with the site 53 and the encryption encryption key K ₅₇ .EXOR.K ₅₅ received from the site 53 to obtain the encryption key K ₅₇ . Decode and output to multiplex decoding section 563. Further, the encryption communication unit decrypts the encryption key K ₅₈ by calculating an exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₅₆ shared with the site 55 and the K ₅₈ .EXOR.K ₅₆ received from the site 55. And output to the multiplex decoding unit 5163. Using the decrypted encryption key K ₅₇ and encryption key K ₅₈ , the multiple decryption unit 563 decrypts the message M that has been multiplexed and encrypted at the site 51 using the encryption key K ₅₇ and the encryption key K ₅₈ .

b) Operation By preparing a controller that controls the entire ring network shown in FIG. 8, the encryption / decryption operation at each site can be controlled. The network shown in FIG. It is also possible to manage in a distributed manner. Hereinafter, the operation of each site by distributed management will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

  FIG. 9 shows only the basic functional configuration of each site constituting the ring network. For example, the site shown in FIG. 9A shows quantum cryptography devices 601 and 603 and computing units 602 to 605 for calculating exclusive OR, and the other sites shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C. However, since the quantum cryptography communicators 601 and 603 and the computing unit 602 are the same, the same reference numerals are used hereinafter. Each site is provided with a control unit (not shown), and the control unit controls the operations of the quantum cryptography devices 601 and 603 and the arithmetic unit 602 or the arithmetic units 602 to 605 according to the control flow shown in FIG. To do. The function equivalent to that of the control unit can also be realized by executing a program on a program control processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).

First, FIG. 9A shows a source site to which a message is to be sent (S701 in FIG. 10). In the transmission source site, the quantum cryptography communicator 601 shares the encryption key K _Al with the opposite node, and the quantum cryptography communicator 603 shares the encryption key K _Ar with the opposite node.

Since the transmission source site is the transmission source of the message M in this case (S702 of FIG. 10: YES), the control unit uses the random number generator 514 as the encryption keys to be transmitted with the _two random numbers K ₁ and K _2. And the computing units 604 and 605 are controlled to transmit the encrypted encryption key in the opposite direction (S703 in FIG. 10). Specifically, the computing unit 604 calculates the exclusive OR of the encryption key K _Al and the encryption key K ₁ and transmits the calculation result K _Al .EXOR.K ₁ from the quantum encryption communication device 601 to the adjacent site. . The computing unit 605 calculates the exclusive OR of the encryption key K _Ar and the encryption key K _2, and transmits the calculation result K _Ar .EXOR.K ₂ from the quantum encryption communication device 603 to the adjacent site.

Subsequently, under the control of the control unit, the computing unit 102 calculates an exclusive OR of the message M and the encryption keys K _l and K ₂ to thereby obtain a multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K _l .EXOR.K ₂ ) is generated and transmitted to the destination site (S704 in FIG. 10).

FIG. 9B shows a passing site that is neither the source site nor the destination site. As described above, the quantum cryptographic communicators 601 and 603 share the encryption keys K _Bl and K _Br with the respective connection destination devices. When the passing site receives K ₁ .EXOR.K _B1 (or K ₂ .EXOR.K _B1 ) from the adjacent site (S 701 in FIG. 10), the control unit is not the source or destination (see FIG. 10). of 10 S702: NO, S705: NO ), the arithmetic unit 602 to K ₁ in K ₁ .EXOR.K _B1 (or K ₂ .EXOR.K _B1) and thereby calculates the XOR with the encryption key K _Bl (Or K ₂ ) is decrypted, and the exclusive OR of the decryption result and the encryption key K _Br is further calculated, so that the calculation result K ₁ .EXOR.K _Br (or K ₂ .EXOR.K _Br ) Is transmitted to the adjacent site (S706 in FIG. 10).

FIG. 9C shows a destination site. As described above, the quantum cryptographic communicators 601 and 603 share the encryption keys K _Cl and K _Cr with the respective connection destination devices. When the destination site receives K ₁ .EXOR.K _C1 and K ₂ .EXOR.K _Cr from the adjacent sites from the opposite directions (S701 in FIG. 10), the control unit determines that the site is not the source but the destination. Therefore (S702: NO, S705: YES in FIG. 10), the operator 602 performs exclusive OR of K ₁ .EXOR.K _C1 and K ₂ .EXOR.K _Cr and the encryption keys K _Cl and K _Cr respectively. The encryption keys K ₁ and K ₂ are decrypted by calculation. Further, the computing unit 602 performs an exclusive OR between the multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K ₁ .EXOR.K ₂ ) received from the transmission source site and the encryption keys K ₁ and K ₂ obtained by the decryption. Is calculated to decode the original message M (S707 in FIG. 10).

c) Effect As described above, according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, but the operation of each relay site is further compared with the first embodiment. Is uniform, and the network control is simplified.

3. Second Embodiment In the second embodiment of the present invention, the network 30 shown in FIG. 1B may be either a ring type or a star type.

  In the ring network shown in FIG. 11A, for example, the node N1 is a transmission source and the node N3 is a transmission destination. The source node N1 encrypts the message M using, for example, the encryption key k1, and the encrypted message k1 (M) is further transferred while being sequentially multiple-encrypted between the nodes up to the destination node N3. At the same time, the transmission source node N1 sequentially encrypts the encryption key k1 between the nodes and transmits it to the transmission destination node N3 in the opposite direction. Therefore, only the node N3 that has received the encryption key k1 and the multiple encrypted message k1 (M) can decrypt the original message M. If the encryption key shared between adjacent nodes of the network 30 can be updated, the encryption key can be transmitted to the destination while maintaining high confidentiality. For example, an encryption key generated by the QKD technology can be used for a one-time-pad (OTP) cipher that is proved to be indecipherable, thereby providing absolutely secure encryption communication. it can. When encrypted communication is performed using the one-time pad encryption, the encryption key is consumed by the same capacity as the data, and is always discarded once.

  The same applies to the star network shown in FIG. Here, nodes N2-N4 are connected with note N1 as the center, and these nodes N2-N4 are further connected to another node N5. Each node N2-N4 can transmit information to any other node via nodes N1 and / or N5.

  If the node N2 is the transmission source and the node N4 is the transmission destination, the transmission source node N2 encrypts the message M using, for example, the encryption key k1, and the encrypted message k1 (M) is further transmitted to the node N5 and the transmission destination node N4. Are transferred while sequentially being multiple-encrypted between the nodes up to. At the same time, the encryption key k1 is transferred while being encrypted sequentially between the nodes from the transmission source node N2 to the transmission destination node N4. Therefore, only the node N4 that has received the encryption key k1 and the multiple encrypted message k1 (M) can decrypt the original message M. By using the encryption key shared between adjacent nodes of the network 30 for the one-time pad encryption as described above, it is possible to transfer the encryption key and the multiple encrypted message to the destination node while maintaining high confidentiality. .

3.1) Fourth Embodiment As a fourth embodiment of the present invention, a case of a ring type secret communication network adopting the iterative encryption relay system shown in FIG. 11A will be described. Here, it is assumed that the one-time pad encryption is used when relaying the encryption key or encrypting the message. The encryption key sharing means for sharing the encryption key between the source and destination sites uses a secret key sharing method between adjacent sites using QKD. However, the present invention is not limited to the QKD technique, and other secret key sharing methods can be used.

a) Configuration As shown in FIG. 12, sites 81-86 are connected by optical transmission lines 871-876 to form a ring network. Here, the site 81 is a transmission source node, the site 86 is a transmission destination node, the site 81 and the site 86 are first routes having the sites 82 and 83 as relay nodes, and the sites 84 and 85 are relay nodes. It is assumed that they are connected by two paths. Sites 81-86 have basically the same configuration.

The site 81 includes quantum cryptography devices 811 and 812 and a multiple encryption unit 813. The quantum cryptographic communication device 811 is connected to the quantum cryptographic communication device 821 of the adjacent site 82 via the optical transmission line 871, and as described above (see FIG. 13), the encryption key shared between the sites 81 and 82 is shared. K ₈₁ is generated and stored in a key memory (not shown). Similarly, a quantum cryptography communication device 812 is connected to the quantum cryptography communication device 841 site 84 adjacent via the optical transmission path 873, generates an encryption key K ₈₃ shared between the sites 81 and 84 keys It is stored in a memory (not shown).

The site 82 includes quantum cryptographic communication devices 821 and 822 and an encrypted communication unit (not shown). As described above, the quantum cryptography communication device 821 cooperates with the quantum cryptography communication device 811 of the site ₈₁ to generate the encryption key K81 shared between the sites 81 and 82 and to generate a key memory (not shown). Is stored. Similarly, a quantum cryptography communication device 822 is connected to the quantum cryptography communication device 831 of site 83 via an optical transmission path 872, generates an encryption key K ₈₂ shared between the sites 82 and 83 as described above Stored in the key memory.

The site 83 includes quantum cryptographic communication devices 831 and 832 and an encrypted communication unit (not shown). As described above, the quantum cryptographic communicator 831 cooperates with the quantum cryptographic communicator 821 at the site ₈₂ to generate the cryptographic key K ₈₂ shared between the sites 82 and 83 and to generate a key memory (not shown). ). Similarly, the quantum cryptographic communication device 832 is connected to the quantum cryptographic communication device 861 at the site 86 via the optical transmission path 875, and generates the encryption key K ₈₅ shared between the sites 83 and 86 as described above. Stored in the key memory.

The site 84 includes quantum cryptography devices 841 and 842 and an encryption communication unit (not shown). Quantum cryptography communication device 841 (not shown) generated by the key memory the encryption key K ₈₃ shared between the sites 81 and 84 in cooperation with the quantum cryptography communication 812 sites 81 as described above Is stored. Similarly, a quantum cryptography communication device 842 is connected to the quantum cryptography communication device 851 of site 85 via an optical transmission path 874, generates an encryption key K ₈₄ shared between the sites 84 and 85 as described above Stored in the key memory.

The site 85 includes quantum cryptographic communication devices 851 and 852 and an encrypted communication unit (not shown). As described above, the quantum cryptography communicator 851 cooperates with the quantum cryptography communicator 842 at the site ₈₄ to generate an encryption key K84 shared between the sites 84 and 85 and to generate a key memory (not shown). Is stored. Similarly, a quantum cryptography communication device 852 is connected to the quantum cryptography communication device 862 of site 86 via an optical transmission path 876, generates an encryption key K ₈₆ shared between the sites 85 and 86 as described above Stored in the key memory.

The site 86 includes quantum cryptography devices 861 and 862, a multiplex / decryption unit 863, and an encryption communication unit (not shown). Quantum cryptography communication device 861 (not shown) generated by the key memory the encryption key K ₈₅ shared between the sites 83 and 86 in cooperation with the quantum cryptography communication device 832 of the site 83 as described above Is stored. Similarly quantum cryptography communication device 862 to generates an encryption key K ₈₆ shared key memory (shown between sites 85 and 86 in cooperation with the quantum cryptography communication device 852 of the site 85 as described above )).

b) Operation By preparing a controller for controlling the entire ring network shown in FIG. 12, the encryption / decryption operation at each site can be controlled. The network shown in FIG. It is also possible to manage in a distributed manner. The operation of each site by distributed management will be described below. Note that a control unit (not shown) is provided at each site, and the control unit controls the operation as described below. The function equivalent to that of the control unit can also be realized by executing a program on a program control processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).

First, the transmission source site 81 notifies the adjacent site 82 of the key relay request and the address of the transmission destination site. The multiple encryption unit 813 multi-encrypts the message M by calculating an exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₈₁ , the encryption key K _83, and the message M to be transmitted, and either the first route or the second route is obtained. Send to. Here, it is assumed that the multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K ₈₁ .EXOR.K ₈₃ ) is transmitted to the site 84 on the second route.

When the site 82 receives the key relay request, the site 82 controls the encryption communication unit to calculate the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₈₁ and the encryption key K _82, and encrypts the encryption key K _81. The key (K ₈₁ .EXOR.K ₈₂ ) is transmitted to the site 83.

The encryption communication unit of the site 83 calculates an exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₈₂ shared with the site 82 and the encryption encryption key (K ₈₁ .EXOR.K ₈₂ ) received from the site 82. It decrypts the encryption key K _81, followed by encrypting the encryption key K ₈₁ by calculating the exclusive OR between the cipher key K ₈₁ and the encryption key K _85, encrypted encryption key (K ₈₁ .EXOR.K ₈₅ ) is transmitted to the destination site 86.

The encryption communication unit of the site 84 calculates an exclusive OR of the multiple encryption message (M.EXOR.K ₈₁ .EXOR.K ₈₃ ) received from the site 81 and the encryption key K ₈₃ shared with the site 81. M.EXOR.K ₈₁ is decrypted, and then the exclusive OR of M.EXOR.K ₈₁ and the encryption key K ₈₄ is calculated to obtain a multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K ₈₁ .EXOR .K ₈₄ ) is generated and transmitted to the site 85.

The encryption communication unit of the site 85 calculates an exclusive OR of the multiple encryption message (M.EXOR.K ₈₁ .EXOR.K ₈₄ ) received from the site 84 and the encryption key K ₈₄ shared with the site 84. M.EXOR.K ₈₁ is decrypted, and then the exclusive OR of M.EXOR.K ₈₁ and the encryption key K ₈₆ is calculated to obtain a multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K ₈₁ .EXOR .K ₈₆ ) is generated and transmitted to the destination site 86.

The encryption communication unit of the destination site 86 calculates the exclusive OR of the encryption key K ₈₅ shared with the site 83 and the encrypted encryption key K ₈₁ .EXOR.K ₈₅ received from the site 83. Then, the encryption key K ₈₁ is decrypted and output to the multiple decryption unit 863. The multiple decryption unit 863 includes the encryption key K ₈₆ shared with the site 85, the decrypted encryption key K _81, and the multiple encrypted message (M.EXOR.K ₈₁ .EXOR.K ₈₆ ) received from the site 85. The message M is decrypted by calculating the exclusive OR of.

c) Effect As described above, according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the same effect as in the first embodiment described above can be obtained, but the message M is further encrypted at each relay site while being multi-encrypted. Since the message is transferred to the site, message transmission with higher confidentiality can be performed.

  The present invention can be used for highly confidential communication using a common encryption key distribution technique represented by, for example, a quantum encryption key distribution technique.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Source node 20 Destination node 30 Network 11 Source site 12-13 Relay site 14-15 Relay site 16 Destination sites 111, 112, 121, 122, 131, 132, 141, 142, 151, 152, 161 162 Quantum Cryptographic Communication Unit 113 Multiple Encryption Unit 171-176 Optical Transmission Line 163 Multiplex Decryption Unit

Claims (24)

An encryption communication device in an encryption communication system,
Key sharing means for sharing at least one encryption key with the communication partner through at least one of a plurality of different paths connected to the communication partner;
Cryptographic communication means for multi-encrypting a message to be transmitted to the communication partner using an encryption key shared with the communication partner, and decrypting a multiplex encrypted message received from the communication partner using an encryption key shared with the communication partner When,
A cryptographic communication device comprising: The key sharing means shares a plurality of encryption keys with the communication partner through the plurality of different paths,
The encryption communication means multiplex-encrypts a message to be transmitted to the communication partner using a plurality of encryption keys shared with the communication partner, and a plurality of encrypted messages received from the communication partner are shared with the communication partner. Decrypt using an encryption key,
The cryptographic communication apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:   The cryptographic communication device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the networks constituting the plurality of different paths are secret communication networks including at least one relay node.   4. The encryption communication apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the key sharing unit shares a plurality of encryption keys with the communication partner through paths corresponding to the plurality of different paths.   5. The encryption communication according to claim 1, wherein the encryption communication unit transmits the multiple encryption message to the communication partner through a communication path different from the plurality of different paths. apparatus.   5. The encryption communication device according to claim 1, wherein the encryption communication unit transmits the multiple encryption message to the communication partner through at least one of the plurality of different paths. A communication control method for an encryption communication device in an encryption communication system, comprising:
Sharing at least one encryption key with the communication partner through at least one of a plurality of different paths connected to the communication partner in a key memory;
Multi-encrypt a message to be transmitted to the communication partner using an encryption key shared with the communication partner,
Decrypting a multiple encrypted message received from the communication partner using an encryption key shared with the communication partner;
A communication control method characterized by the above. Sharing a plurality of encryption keys with the communication partner through the plurality of different paths;
Multi-encrypt a message to be transmitted to the communication partner using a plurality of encryption keys shared with the communication partner,
Decrypting a multiple encrypted message received from the communication partner using a plurality of encryption keys shared with the communication partner;
The communication control method according to claim 7.   The communication control method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the networks constituting the plurality of different paths are secret communication networks including at least one relay node.   10. The communication control method according to claim 8, wherein the plurality of encryption keys are shared with the communication partner through paths corresponding to the plurality of different paths, respectively.   The communication control method according to claim 7, wherein the multiple encrypted message is transmitted to the communication partner through a communication path different from the plurality of different paths.   The communication control method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the multiple encrypted message is transmitted to the communication partner through at least one of the plurality of different paths. A cryptographic communication system for performing cryptographic communication between a first node and a second node,
Having a network connectable between the first node and the second node by a plurality of different paths;
Each of the first node and the second node has key sharing means for sharing at least one encryption key with the other node through at least one path of the network;
The transmission source node multiplex-encrypts a message to be transmitted to the transmission destination node using an encryption key shared with the transmission destination node,
The destination node decrypts the multiple encrypted message received from the source node using an encryption key shared with the source node.
A cryptographic communication system characterized by the above. The key sharing means shares a plurality of encryption keys with the other node through a plurality of different paths of the network;
The encryption communication means is configured to multiplex-encrypt a message to be transmitted to the other node using a plurality of encryption keys shared with the other node, and to multiplex-encrypt the message received from the other node with the other node. Decrypt using an encryption key,
The encryption communication system according to claim 13.   15. The encryption communication system according to claim 13, wherein the network is a secret communication network including at least one relay node.   17. The cryptographic communication system according to claim 16, wherein relay nodes in each of a plurality of different paths of the network form separate secret communication paths with adjacent nodes on both sides of the relay node.   The cryptographic communication system according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the key sharing means shares a plurality of encryption keys with the other node through paths corresponding to the plurality of different paths.   The encrypted communication according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the encrypted communication means transmits the multiple encrypted message to the other node through a communication path different from the plurality of different paths. system.   The cryptographic communication system according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the cryptographic communication means transmits the multiple encrypted message to the other node through at least one of the plurality of different paths. An encryption communication method in an encryption communication system for performing encryption communication between a first node and a second node,
Connecting the first node and the second node by a plurality of different paths;
Each of the first node and the second node shares at least one encryption key with the other node through at least one path of the network;
The transmission source node multiplex-encrypts a message to be transmitted to the transmission destination node using an encryption key shared with the transmission destination node,
The destination node decrypts the multiple encrypted message received from the source node using an encryption key shared with the source node.
An encryption communication method characterized by the above. Sharing a plurality of encryption keys with the other node through the plurality of different paths;
A message to be transmitted to the other node is multi-encrypted using a plurality of encryption keys, and a multi-encrypted message received from the other node is decrypted using a plurality of encryption keys;
21. The encryption communication method according to claim 20, wherein:   The encryption communication method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the network is a secret communication network including at least one relay node.   23. The encryption communication method according to claim 22, wherein the relay node in each of a plurality of different paths of the network forms a separate secret communication path with adjacent nodes on both sides of the relay node. A program for causing a program control processor of a cryptographic communication device in a cryptographic communication system to function,
The key sharing means shares at least one encryption key with the communication partner through at least one of a plurality of different paths connected to the communication partner and stores it in the key memory,
Multiple encryption means multi-encrypt the message transmitted to the communication partner using an encryption key shared with the communication partner,
Decrypting means decrypts the multiple encrypted message received from the communication partner using an encryption key shared with the communication partner;
A program for causing the program control processor to function as described above.

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