JP2011020977A - Controlling agent for moss and blue algae and controlling method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a controlling agent and a controlling method for effectively controlling moss and blue alga without exerting an adverse effect on the surrounding environment. <P>SOLUTION: A mixture of an enzyme group comprising α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase, α-glucosidase and isoamylase is adopted as a controlling agent and a saturated aqueous solution of the mixture is used as an aqueous solution of the controlling agent. The controlling agent solution is charged in a watering can and uniformly sprinkled on a green at about 1 p.m. on a clear day (ambient temperature: 28°C) after confirming a dried and leaf-closed state of a colony of Bryum argenteum to make sufficient retention of the controlling agent solution on the Bryum argenteum colony. When the object green is observed after one week from the application, it has been found that the Bryum argenteum colony on the green is blackened, dried and curled up to an inactivated state. There is no abnormality in bentgrass. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria and a control agent using the same, and in particular, bryophyte and cyanobacteria, particularly gingoke and uremo, which are generated on a lawn where it is desired to maintain a good lawn such as a golf course. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria that can effectively control moss and the like without adversely affecting the turf, and a control method using the control agent.

  In the green of the golf course, in the park lawn, on the parking surface of the parking lot of public facilities, etc., or in the lawn of various gardens, bryophytes or cyanobacteria occur, resulting in a decrease in aesthetics, There are problems such as the occurrence of poor growth of plants to be grown, such as turf.

  Therefore, in order to solve such problems, herbicides for controlling algae and moss are provided. ACN (quinoclamin) for algae and moss, and carfentrazone ethyl for moss, but the former is said to cause phytotoxicity when applied to the leaves of plants, etc., and the latter is scattered to the leaves of plants, etc. This is said to have an impact, and there is doubt about the safety of other plants.

  There are also several suggestions for these issues.

  No. 1 is a proposal of a control agent and control method for moss and algae (Patent Document 1), which is a control agent for moss and algae containing potassium carbonate as a main component in an aqueous solution, and this control agent. It is the control method to spray on the turf.

  According to this control agent and a control method using the same, it seems that if the control agent is used at an appropriate concentration, it is possible to control Gingoke but does not affect the turf. When the concentration is increased, browning occurs in the turf, and when the concentration is slightly lower than the optimum concentration, it seems that a sufficient effect cannot be obtained for control of Gingoke. Therefore, it seems difficult to say that it can be used safely and effectively as a gingoke control agent in lawn.

  No. 2 is a proposal for a composition and a method for controlling moss and algae that occur in turfgrass (Patent Document 2), which includes at least a water-soluble sulfate of iron and a water-soluble sulfate of aluminum. A composition for controlling moss and algae occurring in turfgrass containing one species, and a method for controlling moss and algae occurring in turfgrass by spraying the composition on target soil.

  According to the control composition and the control method for spraying it, the direct action is to convert water-soluble phosphoric acid and / or water-soluble phosphate present in excess in the soil to water-insoluble. . Therefore, it takes time to control moss and algae, and it seems difficult to obtain a quick effect.If water-soluble phosphoric acid and water-soluble phosphate are almost returned to water-insoluble, There is also a problem that turfgrass may cause phosphorus deficiency.

  No. 3 is a proposal of a method for controlling algae occurring in lawns (Patent Document 3), which includes algae occurring in lawns that are treated with soil or foliage by treating an agricultural composition containing streptomycin or a salt thereof. This is a control method.

  This algae control method uses the antibiotic streptomycin, which acts selectively only on specific, e.g. eubacterial ribosomes, to initiate the synthesis of polypeptide chains on the ribosomes. According to this method, the synthesis of the protein in the algae is inhibited thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis, and through this, the purpose of controlling the target algae is achieved. Understandable.

  However, this method uses streptomycin, which is an expensive antibiotic, and even if it is effective, it is doubtful to be used frequently in such fields, including the problem of acquiring bacterial resistance. There is.

JP 2008-169175 A JP-A-11-106305 JP 2005-289845 A

  The present invention provides a control agent that effectively and appropriately controls bryophytes and cyanobacteria, including users who use them, without adversely affecting the surrounding environment, and a control method using the same. This is a problem to be solved, and in particular, moss and cyanobacteria that occur on grassland such as golf courses, especially Gingoke, Yuremo, Nenjumo, etc. are effective without adversely affecting the surrounding turf and users. An object of the present invention is to provide a control agent for bryophytes and algae that performs control such as inactivation and a control method used therefor.

  1 of the present invention is a control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria comprising enzymes that catalyze the degradation of starch into low-molecular-weight carbohydrates.

  2 of the present invention is the control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 1 of the present invention, wherein the enzymes constituting the enzyme group are α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase, α-glucosidase and debranching enzyme. It is intended to include all or part of it.

  Item 3 of the present invention is the above-mentioned enzyme group in which cellulase that catalyzes the decomposition of cellulose is added to the bryophyte and cyanobacteria control agent of 1 or 2 of the present invention.

  Item 4 of the present invention is the above-described moss and cyanobacteria control agent according to the present invention, wherein a surfactant is added to the enzyme group.

  In the fifth aspect of the present invention, the moss and cyanobacteria control agent of 1, 2, 3 or 4 of the present invention is dissolved in water, and the obtained aqueous solution of the control agent is sprayed on the area where the moss or cyanobacteria are generated. And a method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria, wherein the bryophytes or cyanobacteria are inactivated and controlled.

  6 of the present invention is the method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 5 of the present invention, wherein the amount of the control agent aqueous solution to be sprayed on the area where the bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated is determined. The amount is set to an amount corresponding to the limit amount of water that can be retained by the kind.

  7 of the present invention is the method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 5 or 6 of the present invention, wherein the spraying of the aqueous solution of the control agent is carried out on a fine day, at the highest temperature, intensity and dryness of the day. It is to be performed in the time zone in the state.

According to the control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 1 of the present invention, by applying this to a region where bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated, any of the bryophytes and cyanobacteria occurring in the region Even so, only them can be selectively controlled.
The application of this control agent is carried out in a state where it is dissolved in water from the viewpoint of uniformly applying an appropriate amount to them, in order to infiltrate them, whether it is bryophyte or cyanobacteria. Is appropriate.

  Enzymes of this regulator include starch (anabolic starch) stored in chloroplasts in bryophyte cells or starch (anabolic starch) stored in cells of cyanobacteria, and degradation products (polysaccharides). ) And catalyzes its hydrolysis, breaking down the starch into low molecular weight carbohydrates such as sucrose and glucose. Of particular importance is the degradation to water soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates. In this way, the molar concentration of monosaccharides or disaccharides, which are solutes in the chloroplasts of bryophytes or in the cells of cyanobacteria, is increased, and accordingly, the water activity value is decreased, and the osmotic pressure is increased. It absorbs water in the cells to which the chloroplast belongs or extracellular water of the cyanobacteria. In addition, although an enzyme group is normally comprised from the thing of multiple types, if it can lead the above effect even if it is the group of one kind, it will also contain it.

  The chloroplast or cyanobacterial cell increases turgor pressure by absorption of moisture, and in some cases, bursts due to the turgor pressure. Or even if it does not reach by the burst, it will be in an abnormal inflation pressure state. In any case, chloroplasts or cells of the cyanobacteria cannot perform their original functions, and photosynthesis cannot be performed at the time when the activity should be performed. In addition, in bryophytes, as a result of the absorption of water in the chloroplast, the water activity value in the cell to which it belongs will also decrease, but the supply of water from the apoplast is not obtained in the cell, Eventually, the membrane is inactivated by membrane separation. In this way, the target bryophytes or cyanobacteria are surely inactivated.

  In the above description, the cell membrane of bryophytes and the cell membrane of single cells or small cells among cyanobacteria are lipid bilayers, and the chloroplasts inside bryophytes are the outer membrane and inner membrane. Although it is a layered structure, the outer membrane is fully permeable and the inner membrane is semi-permeable. Each cell membrane is protected on the outside by a cell wall. These cell membranes are said to have selective permeability that allows specific substances to permeate, but enzymes with small molecular weight can pass through these membranes and also pass through the cell wall. . In the experiments and examples, the enzyme group easily passes through the membrane or cell wall of the moss, moves into the chloroplast in bryophytes, moves into the cell in cyanobacteria, and acts as described above. It has been confirmed that

  On the other hand, for the exterior of higher plants different from these bryophytes and cyanobacteria, for example, in the case of turf, the leaf exterior is a double layer of silicate cuticle, epidermis, spongy cells, and fence-like cells. -It has a multi-layered structure such as epidermal (back) cells. The cell membrane is protected by the cell wall. The cell membrane forms a structure called a lipid bilayer, and has a selective permeability that allows a specific substance to pass through selectively. Enzymes with a low molecular weight may pass through semipermeable membranes such as cell membranes, but when applied to these enzymes, the enzymes that make up the control agent will eventually dissolve in water. As described above, the outer sheath of the leaf is a double layer of silicate cuticle, and the cuticle layer is paraffin. Therefore, the aqueous solution of these enzymes is repelled by the cuticle layer. It is difficult to easily pass through the layer. In addition, the aqueous solution of the enzyme group can be assumed to enter from the pores. However, when the aqueous solution is also applied to the pores, the enzyme group easily enters the cell. There are many cases where this is not possible.

  Even if the enzyme group can enter the chloroplast through the pores, cell walls, cell membranes, and chloroplast membranes in the outermost layer of the leaf, in the case of turf or other higher plants, starch (anabolic starch) is sinked. In order to meet the demand of sucrose, it is converted into sucrose (sucrose), or it is consumed for photorespiration of the part, so the starch to be hydrolyzed is hardly stored in the chloroplast. By hydrolyzing it, it becomes impossible to damage the chloroplast and the cells to which it belongs. Therefore, the enzyme group of the control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 1 of the present invention acts selectively only on bryophytes and cyanobacteria.

  In addition, the control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of the present invention 1 is an enzyme group in which the components contained therein catalyze the degradation of starch, and does not harm the surrounding environment and is safe for humans and animals. is there.

  According to the control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 2 of the present invention, inactivation of bryophyte and cyanobacteria as described in 1 of the present invention by selecting an appropriate enzyme to constitute an enzyme group And the like can be efficiently controlled by degrading starch in the chloroplast of the cell into water-soluble low-molecular-weight carbohydrates.

  According to the control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 3 of the present invention, the cell wall protecting the cell membrane can be decomposed into low molecular weight carbohydrates, so that the enzyme group can more easily enter the cell. It is. Needless to say, since the cell wall is composed of cellulose, the hydrolysis can be catalyzed by the cellulase retained by the control agent for bryophyte and cyanobacteria of 3 of the present invention. If the cell wall is destroyed in this way, an aqueous solution of the enzyme group constituting the main part of the control agent can be more easily and surely entered into the chloroplast.

  According to the control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 4 of the present invention, the enzyme group can be satisfactorily penetrated into the cells of bryophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, and thus constitutes the main part of the control agent. It is possible to more easily and reliably enter the chloroplasts and the like, and to inactivate bryophytes and cyanobacteria more effectively.

  According to the method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 5 of the present invention, the enzyme group contained in the moss and cyanobacteria or one of the both is uniformly dispersed, and the target bryophytes It is possible to satisfactorily control inactivation of both bryophytes and cyanobacteria by allowing good entry into chloroplast and cyanobacteria cells and decomposing starch therein.

  According to the method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria of 6 of the present invention, it is possible to apply an appropriate amount of a control agent to the target region, and to effectively control the inactivation of bryophytes and cyanobacteria. Become.

  The method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria according to 7 of the present invention is a treatment in a time zone in which the activity of bryophytes and cyanobacteria is stopped and starch is stored in the chloroplast or the latter cells of the former cells. The application of an aqueous solution of a control agent during the period of inactivity of bryophytes and cyanobacteria is, in one aspect, to induce bryophytes and cyanobacteria from a dormant state to an active state, for them. On the other hand, during such a rest period, the enzyme group in the control agent enters the chloroplast through the cell wall, cell membrane, and chloroplast membrane (cells in cyanobacteria). And the catalysis for the hydrolysis of starch stored in the chloroplast (cells in cyanobacteria). In addition, this time zone is a time zone in which the temperature is high and the enzyme acts more efficiently, and the hydrolysis action is performed more speedily.

  Therefore, through this, as described above, the chloroplast or cyanobacteria cell is finally brought into a burst state or a state close thereto, and the cell to which the chloroplast belongs or the cyanobacteria cell is changed. It is to make an abnormal state. Usually, in about 30 minutes, the target bryophyte and cyanobacteria should become active, but as a result of the catalytic action of the enzyme group as described above, the target bryophyte and cyanobacteria are active. It becomes impossible and will eventually be inactivated.

  The present invention basically provides a bryophyte and cyanobacteria control agent containing enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of starch into low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, and the above bryophyte and cyanobacteria control agent dissolved in water. This is a method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria, in which the obtained aqueous solution of a control agent is sprayed on a region where bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated and the bryophytes or cyanobacteria are inactivated.

  The bryophytes and cyanobacteria are the objects to which the control agent of the present invention is applied or the control method is executed, but the moss represented by sphagnum, the moss belonging to the genus Sphagnum, and a single cell or a relatively small number of cells. It is a cyanobacteria that is made up of. Of the above, the moss moths and cyanobacterium uremo and nenju, etc. that occur in the lawn are particularly important for practical use. It is also important to bend jellyfish.

  In these bryophytes and cyanobacteria, the outermost layer of cells is covered with primary and secondary cell walls, and the cell membrane has a structure called a lipid bilayer. The chloroplasts in bryophyte cells are composed of a totally permeable outer membrane, a semipermeable inner membrane, and an intermembrane portion therebetween. The problem is whether the enzyme group constituting the control agent can pass through the cell wall, the semipermeable cell membrane, and the semipermeable and fully permeable chloroplast bilayer membrane. This was possible and confirmed by experimental examples and examples. Therefore, the enzyme group can reach starch in the chloroplast or starch in cyanobacteria cells and catalyze its hydrolysis.

  On the other hand, the exterior of turf and other higher plants that may exist in the areas where these bryophytes or cyanobacteria to be controlled are present, for example, in the case of turf, the exterior of the leaves is cuticle silicate. It has a multi-layered structure such as multi-layers, epidermis, spongy cells, palisade cells, and epidermis (back) cells. The cell membrane forms a structure called a lipid bilayer, and has a selective permeability that allows a specific substance to pass through selectively. The cell membrane is coated on the cell wall. Enzymes with a small molecular weight may pass through a semipermeable membrane such as a cell membrane, but when applied to these enzymes, the enzyme group constituting the control agent is finally in the form of an aqueous solution. As described above, since the leaf exterior is a double layer of silicate cuticle and the cuticle layer is paraffin, the aqueous solution of these enzymes is repelled by the cuticle layer, It is difficult to pass through the layers easily. In addition, the aqueous solution of the enzyme group can be assumed to enter through the pores of the leaves, but this pore is also likely to close when the aqueous solution is applied. There are many cases where it is impossible to enter.

  In addition, even if the enzyme group can enter the chloroplast through the pores, cell walls, cell membranes and chloroplast membranes of the outermost layer of leaves, in the case of turf and other higher plants, starch (anabolic starch) is used. The starch is stored in the chloroplast because it is diverted to sucrose (sucrose) according to the demand of the sink, or is consumed for photorespiration of the part. Through hydrolysis, it becomes impossible to damage the chloroplast and the cells to which it belongs. Therefore, the enzyme group of the control agents for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of the present invention acts selectively only on bryophytes and cyanobacteria.

  Therefore, as described above, even when turf or other algae that are not to be controlled are present along with bryophytes or cyanobacteria to be controlled, as a result, this control agent is used as a moss and cyanobacteria. It permeates selectively only into the chloroplasts of bryophytes, and acts only on starch inside the chloroplasts of bryophytes and cyanobacteria. Therefore, only bryophytes and cyanobacteria coexisting with higher plants such as turf can be controlled.

  The enzymes constituting the enzyme group are those that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch into low molecular weight carbohydrates as described above, such as α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase and α-glucosidase, and pullulanase and isoamylase. And all or part of the debranching enzyme. It is preferable that most of the starch breaks down to glucose, but even a water-soluble polysaccharide such as sucrose (sucrose) in the middle of breaking down into glucose can ensure sufficient osmotic pressure. Not inconvenient. What is important is that the water activity value inside the chloroplast or the latter cell is degraded by breaking down starch in the chloroplast in the bryophyte cell or in the cyanobacterial cell into water-soluble low molecular weight carbohydrates. The osmotic pressure is sufficiently increased, water is drawn into the chloroplast or into the cell, and the swelling pressure is increased to bring the chloroplast or the cell into a burst or an abnormal state similar thereto. Yes, leading to the hydrolysis of starch required for that.

In addition, the water activity of cells belonging to the chloroplasts of bryophytes is absorbed into the chloroplasts through this, so that the water activity value in the cells also decreases, but the cells obtain the supply of water from the apoplast. In the end, life activity stops due to membrane separation.
Thus, the above bryophytes or the above-mentioned cyanobacteria are inactivated. What is important is ultimately to lead to the hydrolysis of the necessary chloroplast or intracellular starch of cyanobacteria in order to guide this result.

  The enzyme group of the control agent needs to be composed of enzymes necessary from such a viewpoint, and if so, it is sufficient. Therefore, it is preferable that the enzyme group usually includes all of α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase, α-glucosidase, and debranching enzyme (pullulanase, isoamylase), but some of them are also effective. From the aspect of enzyme substrate specificity, it is preferable to select a plurality of enzymes having different modes of action so that the hydrolysis proceeds efficiently. For example, when α-amylase and β-amylase are combined, starch can be completely broken down into maltose. Further, when α-glucosidase that decomposes maltose is added, the resulting maltose is decomposed into glucose, and so on.

  Cellulases that catalyze the degradation of cellulose can also be added to these enzyme groups. This is especially true by destroying the cell walls of bryophytes and cyanobacteria, to the cells of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of other starches, and further to the chloroplasts of the bryophytes within the cells. The purpose of this is to make it possible to perform this more efficiently. A part of the cell wall is composed of lignin and hemicellulose, but about 50% is composed of cellulose.

  Furthermore, it is also possible to add a surfactant to the enzyme group. As the surfactant, it is appropriate to employ, for example, fatty acid sodium used in detergents, for example, in order to reduce the interfacial tension and allow the aqueous solution of the enzyme group to quickly permeate bryophytes or cyanobacteria. Of course, many other surfactants having such an action can be employed.

  In addition, when the control agent is applied to a region where bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated, the control agent can be applied as it is, but in the state of powder or the like, uniform application is difficult. In any case, moisture is required to permeate the cells such as the bryophytes. Therefore, it is necessary to apply moisture before and after application of the control agent. Therefore, it is appropriate that this control agent is dissolved in water in advance and applied as an aqueous solution. In this case, it is appropriate to dissolve the control agent until it is saturated with water.

  The application amount of the control agent is suitably an amount that can be retained by the bryophytes or cyanobacteria in the target area. For example, it is said that the moss of the moss can hold 5 to 20 times its own weight in the colonies that it forms, and after observing the growth state of the genus Gingoke in that area and assuming its amount to some extent, After spraying and spraying slightly less, observe the moisture retention state of the area and adjust the spray amount appropriately by adding the deficiency. The control agent aqueous solution is sprayed to such an extent that the control agent aqueous solution does not flow out from the gingoke in the region. That is, the amount of the control agent aqueous solution to be sprayed in the area where the gingae has been generated should be set to an amount corresponding to the limit amount of water that the gingoke can hold. The same applies to other bryophytes or cyanobacteria, and the amount of the control agent aqueous solution to be sprayed on the area where the bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated is the limit that the bryophytes or cyanobacteria can hold. Should be set to an amount corresponding to the amount of water. In addition, in order to perform uniform dispersion | distribution, it is suitable to perform these dispersion | spreading using a spraying means.

  The method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria using the control agent is performed in a time period in which the activity of bryophytes and cyanobacteria is stopped and starch is stored in the chloroplasts of the former cells and in the latter cells. Is the best. Applying an aqueous solution of a control agent during the time period when moss and cyanobacteria are inactive in this way, in one aspect, induces bryophyte and cyanobacteria from a resting state to an active state. In other aspects, during the period of inactivity, the enzyme group in the control agent enters the chloroplast through the cell wall, cell membrane, and chloroplast membrane. (Invasion into cells in cyanobacteria) and catalysis for hydrolysis of starch stored in the chloroplast (cells in cyanobacteria) are advanced. Therefore, through this, as described above, finally, the chloroplast (cells in cyanobacteria) is brought into a burst state or an abnormal turgor state similar to this, and the cells to which the chloroplast belongs ( In the case of cyanobacteria, the cells themselves are brought into an abnormal state. In addition, this time zone is a time zone in which the temperature is high and the enzyme acts more efficiently, and the hydrolysis action is performed more speedily.

  Normally, when an aqueous solution of a control agent is applied, for example, in the case of Gingoke, it will be in an open state in about 30 minutes from the closed state of the resting leaves. As a result of the catalytic action, the target ginkgo is unable to perform its life activity and eventually becomes inactivated. Other bryophytes and cyanobacteria are almost the same, and when an aqueous solution of a control agent is applied, it should become active in a time according to each plant. As a result of the catalytic action of the enzymes described, the target bryophytes and cyanobacteria are unable to operate and eventually cease to live.

  The control agents for bryophytes and cyanobacteria of the present invention are as described above, and therefore, as described above, the moss and cyanobacteria are uniformly sprayed on the areas where bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated. By sprinkling water or dissolving in water and spraying as an aqueous solution, while ensuring the water necessary for the penetration of the control agent and hydrolysis of starch, only the bryophytes and cyanobacteria in that area are selectively excluded. It can be activated.

  Enzymes in this regulator act on starch stored in chloroplasts in bryophyte cells or starch stored in cyanobacterial cells, catalyzing its hydrolysis, as described above. In addition, the starch is broken down into glucose or water-soluble low-molecular-weight carbohydrates in the course of breaking down to glucose. In this way, by increasing the osmotic pressure in the chloroplast or cyanobacterial cell of the bryophyte and decreasing the water activity value, the chloroplast or the cell absorbs the water inside or outside the cell to which it belongs. , Increase the swelling pressure of the chloroplast or the cell, thereby causing the chloroplast or the cell to burst. Or even if it does not reach the burst, it is brought to an abnormal inflation pressure state. Thus, in any case, the chloroplast or the cell is rendered incapable of normal activity, for example, it is impossible to carry out photosynthesis, and the target bryophyte or cyanobacteria are inactivated.

  In bryophytes, the cells to which the chloroplast belongs are also deprived of moisture by the chloroplast as described above, but the water activity value decreases, but the supply of water from the apoplast is obtained. Therefore, this is also inactivated by membrane separation.

  In the above, the cell membrane of bryophytes or cyanobacteria has primary and secondary cell walls on the outside thereof. The cell membrane itself is a semi-permeable lipid bilayer, and in bryophytes, the inner chloroplast has a two-layer structure of the outer membrane and inner membrane, but the outer membrane is fully permeable, The intima is semipermeable. Although these membranes are said to have selective permeability, the enzyme group easily passes through them and moves to the inside of chloroplasts in bryophytes and to the inside of cells in cyanobacteria. It has been found experimentally and in the examples to catalyze as described above.

  On the other hand, higher plants different from these bryophytes or cyanobacteria are, for example, turf, and the outer sheath of the leaves has a multi-layer structure as described above, cuticle layer, epidermis, spongy cell, fence. As described above, the aqueous solution in which the enzyme group is dissolved cannot be penetrated by the cuticle layer composed of paraffin, and can enter it. Pore seems to be closed and cannot easily enter because the enzyme group is applied in the form of an aqueous solution. Therefore, the aqueous solution of the control agent cannot enter the turf cells having such a structure, and cannot enter the cells of a higher plant having an exterior structure similar to this. Therefore, the enzyme of the control agent of bryophytes and cyanobacteria of the present invention acts selectively only on bryophytes and cyanobacteria.

  As described above, when the control agent includes all or part of α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase, α-glucosidase and debranching enzyme, as described above, The starch in the chloroplast in the cell and the starch in the cell in cyanobacteria can be efficiently decomposed into water-soluble low-molecular carbohydrates, respectively, thereby controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria Can be performed efficiently.

  When cellulase that catalyzes the decomposition of cellulose is added to the enzyme group, as described above, the cell wall that protects the cell membrane can be decomposed into low-molecular carbohydrates and destroyed. Therefore, it becomes easier for the enzyme group to enter the cell. Needless to say, since the cell wall is composed of cellulose, it becomes possible to catalyze the hydrolysis with the cellulase. Thus, by destroying the cell wall, the main part of the control agent can be more easily and reliably obtained. An aqueous solution of the enzyme group constituting can be introduced into chloroplasts in bryophytes and into cells in cyanobacteria.

  As described above, when a surfactant is added to the enzyme group, it is possible to satisfactorily permeate the enzyme group of the control agent into the chloroplasts of bryophytes and the cells of cyanobacteria, An aqueous solution of the enzyme group constituting the part can be more easily and reliably entered into the chloroplast and into the cell, and moss and cyanobacteria can be inactivated more effectively.

  In the case where the control agent is dissolved in water, and an aqueous solution of the obtained control agent is sprayed on the area where bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated and the bryophyte or cyanobacteria are inactivated and controlled, A necessary group of enzymes is uniformly sprayed on the area where one or both of the moss and cyanobacteria are generated, and is allowed to enter the chloroplasts of the target bryophyte cells and the cells of cyanobacteria. The starch in the inside can be decomposed, and both the bryophytes and cyanobacteria can be well controlled.

  When the amount of the aqueous solution of the control agent to be sprayed on the area where the bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated is set to an amount corresponding to the limit amount of water that the bryophytes or cyanobacteria can hold, as described above. Therefore, it is possible to apply an appropriate amount of the control agent to the target area, and to effectively inactivate bryophytes and cyanobacteria.

  When the application of the aqueous solution of the control agent is performed on a fine day, at the highest temperature, intensity, and dry time of the day, as described above, And the treatment in the time zone in which the activity of cyanobacteria is stopped and starch is stored in the chloroplast and the latter cell of the former cell, Applying an aqueous solution of the control agent to the surface is to induce bryophytes and cyanobacteria from the resting state to the active state and create an abnormal active state for them. On the other hand, during such a rest period, entry into the chloroplast through the cell wall, cell membrane and chloroplast membrane of the enzyme group in the control agent (entrance into the cell in cyanobacteria), and This promotes the catalytic action for hydrolysis of starch stored in the chloroplast (in the cell in cyanobacteria). Further, during this time period, as described above, the temperature is high and the action of the enzyme is performed efficiently, so that the starch decomposition action is performed more speedily.

  Therefore, through this, as described above, the water activity value in the chloroplasts of bryophytes or in the cells of cyanobacteria is reduced, and the osmotic pressure is increased. In bryophytes, in the cells to which the chloroplast belongs, By absorbing water, cyanobacteria absorb external moisture, and by raising the bulging pressure inside the chloroplast or inside the cell to an abnormal state, finally the chloroplast or the cell is On the other hand, in the bryophytes, the cells to which the chloroplast belongs are deprived of water and brought into an abnormal state. Usually, the target bryophyte and cyanobacteria should be ready for activity in about 30 minutes after the application of the aqueous solution of the control agent, but as a result of the catalytic action of the enzyme group as described above, the target bryophyte and Cyanobacteria become inoperable and eventually end their life activities.

  Example 1 is an experiment for controlling Gingoke grown on sand.

  Width: 10 cm, Length: 25 cm, Depth: 3 cm, a rectangular container with a top opening, several holes for draining at the bottom, filled with river sand, and five on the top of the river sand Transplanted colonies of Gingoke. Water was applied to the whole so that water came out from the opening at the bottom of the container. The above Gingoke colonies were collected from the concrete in the nearby parking lot. This container was placed in a sunny place.

  In Example 1, the whole amount of the radish was sown down as the control agent. This contains amylase, which is a starch degrading enzyme, but also contains protease, ceterase, lipase, catalase, myrosinase and the like.

  At about 1 pm on a sunny day (at a temperature of 27 ° C.), observing a colony of Gingoke on the sand in the container and confirming that the leaves were closed in a dry state, the radish was squeezed down Was placed on each of the entire colonies. The spilled liquid appeared to penetrate the colonies. In addition, the ginkgo biloba leaf is a single cell layer, and since it absorbs from the whole cell, the slid down thing, especially the liquid seemed to be absorbed well.

  After about 30 minutes have passed since the application of the slid down material, the leaves of the Gingoke colony opened.

  When the gingoke on the target container was observed around 1 pm two days after the application day of the slid down material, the colony turned black and was inactivated. When observed one week later, the Gingoke colony was in a state of being dried and drowned. It is a state that seems to have stopped life activity almost completely.

  Example 2 relates to the control of gingoke generated on the concrete surface of a parking lot of a golf course in Ibaraki Prefecture.

The target Gingoke colonies are spots in the area of about 3 m ² on the concrete of the parking lot.

  In this Example 2, the control agent employs a mixture of α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase, α-glucosidase and isoamylase as an enzyme group, and 40 g of these were dissolved in 2 L of water. The precipitate was used as an aqueous control agent solution.

  At around 1:30 pm on a sunny day (at a temperature of 26 ° C.), the colony of gingokes on the concrete surface of the parking lot is observed, and after confirming that the leaves are closed in a dry state, the control is performed. The aqueous solution was sprayed on each of the whole colonies. This spraying was performed by putting the aqueous solution of the control agent in a water bottle and spraying it. Further, this spraying was performed little by little so that the control agent aqueous solution was sufficiently retained in the gingko colony. As described above, the leaves of Gingoke are one cell layer, and the control agent aqueous solution seems to be well absorbed because it is absorbed from the whole cell.

  After about 30 minutes had passed since the application of the control agent aqueous solution, the leaves of the gingko colony were in an open state.

  When gingokes on the concrete surface of the parking lot were observed around 1 pm two days after the application day of the control agent aqueous solution, the colonies were black and inactivated. When observed one week later, the Gingoke colony was in a state of being dried and drowned. The situation seemed to have stopped life activity almost completely.

  Example 3 relates to the control of gingokes generated on the green of a golf course in Ibaraki Prefecture. The grass is bentgrass.

  As the control agent, 60 g of an enzyme group identical to the enzyme group used in Example 2 was dissolved in 3 L of water and used. At this time, since a slight precipitate was formed in water, the supernatant was used as an aqueous control agent solution.

  At about 1 pm on a sunny day (at a temperature of 28 ° C.), after confirming that the Gingoke colonies were dry and closed, the control agent aqueous solution was placed in a watering can. On average. The state of Gingoke colonies was observed to the extent that the aqueous control agent solution was retained without flowing out of the colonies. Finally, additional spraying was performed so that the control agent aqueous solution was sufficiently retained in the colonies. As described above, the leaves of Gingoke were one cell layer, and the aqueous solution of the control agent seemed to be well absorbed from the whole cells.

  After about 30 minutes have passed since the application of the aqueous control agent solution, the leaves of the Gingoke colony opened.

When the target green was observed at about 1 pm two days after the application of the control agent aqueous solution, the chinoke colonies were black and inactivated.
When confirmed on the same day, the surrounding bent glass maintained a green color that was not different from that before the application of the aqueous control agent solution.
When observed one week later, the Gingoke colonies were in a dry and drowned state. There was no abnormality in the bentgrass.

  The fourth embodiment relates to control of gingokes generated on the green different from the third embodiment of the golf course in Ibaraki Prefecture. The grass is bentgrass.

  The same control agent as in Example 3 was used as the enzyme group, and a surfactant added with sodium fatty acid as a surfactant was further used, and 60 g of these were dissolved in 3 L of water. Since some precipitate remained, the supernatant was used as an aqueous control agent solution.

  At about 1:15 pm (at a temperature of 28 ° C.) on a sunny day (the same day as in Example 3), it was confirmed that the ginkgo colonies were dry and closed, and the control agent was used. The aqueous solution was placed in a watering can and sprayed on the green on average. Furthermore, the state of the gingoke colony was observed, and it was additionally sprayed to such an extent that the aqueous control agent solution was retained without flowing out of the colony. As described above, Gingoke leaves are a single cell layer, and the aqueous control agent solution should be well absorbed from the whole cell, but in this Example 4, the penetration of the aqueous control agent solution into the Gingoke colonies It seemed to be performed more smoothly (without being played) than that of Example 3.

  When about 30 minutes passed after spraying of the aqueous control agent solution, the leaves of the Gingoke colony were in the open state, similar to that of Example 3.

When the target green was observed at about 1 pm two days after the application of the control agent aqueous solution, the chinoke colonies were black and inactivated.
When confirmed on the same day, the surrounding bent glass maintained a green color that was not different from that before the application of the aqueous control agent solution.
Further, when observed one week later, almost the same manner as in Example 3, the ginkgo colonies were dried and drowned up. There was no abnormality in the bentgrass.

  The fifth embodiment relates to the control of gingokes produced on a green different from the third and fourth golf courses in Ibaraki Prefecture. The grass is bentgrass.

As the enzyme group, α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase, a mixture of α-glucosidase and isoamylase, and a mixture of C ₁ cellulase, C _x cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, cellobiase and C ₂ cellulase are used as the enzyme group. Further, those obtained by adding sodium fatty acid as a surfactant to these were used, and 60 g of these were dissolved in 3 L of water. Since some precipitate remained in the water, the supernatant was used as an aqueous control agent solution in this case as well.

  At about 1:30 pm (at a temperature of 28 ° C.) on a sunny day (the same day as in Examples 3 and 4), after confirming that the ginkgo colonies were dried and closed, The control agent aqueous solution was put in a watering can and sprayed on the green on average. In this case as well, the state of the ginkgo colony was observed, and additionally sprayed to such an extent that the aqueous control agent solution was retained without flowing out of the colony. As described above, the leaves of Gingoke are one cell layer, and the aqueous control agent solution should be well absorbed from the whole cell. In this case, the penetration of the aqueous control agent into the Gingoke colony is an example. It seemed to be performed more smoothly (without being played) than that of 3.

  When about 30 minutes passed after spraying of the aqueous control agent solution, the leaves of the Gingoke colony were in the open state, similar to that of Example 3. It seemed that the inside of the leaf had melted slightly. It seems that the cell wall was decomposed by the action of cellulase.

When the target green was observed around 1 pm two days after the application of the control agent aqueous solution, the Gingoke colonies turned black and were likewise inactivated.
When confirmed on the same day, the surrounding bent glass maintained a green color that was not different from that before the application of the aqueous control agent solution.
Further, when observed one week later, almost the same manner as in Examples 3 and 4, the Gingoke colonies were in a dry and drowned state. There was no abnormality in the bentgrass.

  The sixth embodiment relates to the control of the uremo generated on the green different from the third, fourth, and fifth golf courses in Ibaraki Prefecture. The grass is bentgrass.

  The control agent employs a mixture of α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase, α-glucosidase and isoamylase as an enzyme group, and further added with a fatty acid sodium as a surfactant. Was dissolved in 3 L of water. In this case, the supernatant was used as an aqueous control agent solution.

  At around 1 pm on a sunny day (at a temperature of 26 ° C.), after confirming that the uremo colonies were dried and formed into a thin sheet, the control agent aqueous solution was placed in a water bottle and averaged on the green. Sprayed on. Furthermore, the state of the uremo colonies was observed, and the control agent aqueous solution was additionally sprayed to the extent that the colonies were retained. It seemed that the aqueous solution of the control agent penetrated into the uremo colonies sufficiently smoothly (without being repelled).

When the target green was observed around 1 pm two days after the application of the control agent aqueous solution, the uremo colonies were dried and laver, and looked inactivated.
When confirmed on the same day, the surrounding bent glass maintained a green color that was not different from that before the application of the aqueous control agent solution.
When observed one week later, the Yulemo colony was in a dry and drowned state. It was in a good condition to see that life activity was stopped. There was no abnormality in the bentgrass.

<Discussion>
In Example 1, since the radish was used as a control agent, an enzyme other than amylase, which is a starch degrading enzyme, was also included therein. Therefore, although there are some unclear points, it seems that Gingoke was inactivated by the action of amylase as follows. Of course, there is a possibility that other enzymes and the like have an auxiliary action.

  In this case, the amylase in the control agent enters the chloroplast of Gingoke, decomposes the starch stored in the chloroplast into lower molecular water-soluble carbohydrates such as sucrose and glucose, and the chloroplast. Lowers the water activity value of the chloroplast, increases the osmotic pressure, absorbs water from the cells to which this chloroplast belongs and abnormally increases the turgor pressure inside, bursts in some cases, and further deprives the water Although the cells also decreased the water activity value, they were not able to receive water supply from the outside of the cells, and eventually lost their ability to act, became inactive, and lost their vital activity.

  In the case of Example 2, since the control agent contains only starch degrading enzyme, it seems that Gingoke was inactivated through the same process as described in Example 1. About 30 minutes after spraying of the control agent aqueous solution, the leaves of the gingoke colony opened because the dormant Gingoke was supplied with the control agent aqueous solution and was forced to resume its activities. I can understand. However, at that point in time, the chloroplast is already in an abnormal state with increased turgor pressure, and it should have been in a state where it cannot perform its original activity.

  In addition, although this Example 2 demonstrated the example which controls the gingoke produced on the concrete surface of a parking lot, control of the bryophyte and cyanobacteria which generate | occur | produced in the place where selectivity is not requested | required in this way is easy.

  It can be understood that the control agent of Example 3 was the same as that of Example 2 and acted similarly on Gingoke. It can also be seen that such a control agent does not adversely affect the bentgrass.

  The control agent of Example 4 is obtained by adding a surfactant to the same enzyme group as in Examples 2 and 3. It seems that the control action against chinoke is exactly the same as in Examples 2 and 3. On the other hand, when the aqueous solution of the control agent is sprayed on the colonies of Gingoke, the surfactant is allowed to penetrate into the colonies more smoothly and efficiently due to the action of the surfactant.

  The control agent of Example 5 is obtained by further adding cellulase to that of Example 4. However, the control effect on Gingoke and the penetrating action of the aqueous control agent solution on Gingoke colonies are exactly the same as those in Example 4. Seems to be. On the other hand, it is considered that the cell wall was destroyed by the action of cellulase, and the amylase entered into the cells and chloroplasts of Gingoke more efficiently.

  Further, the control agent and the control method using the same do not adversely affect the surrounding higher plants other than the chinoke. Furthermore, the constituent elements of this control agent are an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch, a surfactant that improves permeability, and the like. There is no adverse effect on those who move. It is extremely safe for the environment.

  Example 6 is an example of uremo control. The control agent is the same enzyme group as in examples 2 and 3, with a surfactant added, and an aqueous solution of this control agent is sprayed on the uremo colonies. In doing so, it is recognized that the penetration into the colonies was very good as in Examples 4 and 5. Further, the control action on uremo is exactly the same as in Examples 2 and 3, and the intracellular starch is decomposed into sucrose or glucose etc. through the same process by the catalytic action of the enzyme group, and the water activity value inside thereof It can be understood that the osmotic pressure is increased, the osmotic pressure is increased, the moisture is absorbed from the outside, the bulging pressure is abnormally increased, and the inactivated state is caused by bursting. It can be said that it is inactivated through the same process as Gingoke.

  The control agent of bryophyte and cyanobacteria and the control method of bryophyte and cyanobacteria of the present invention are usefully used in the fields of agrochemicals and fertilizers for producing these, and related fields such as lawn management using the produced control agent. be able to.

Claims (7)

  A control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria containing enzymes that catalyze the degradation of starch into low-molecular-weight carbohydrates.   The control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme constituting the enzyme group contains all or part of α-amylase, β-amylase, glucoamylase, α-glucosidase and debranching enzyme.   The control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria according to claim 1 or 2, wherein cellulase that catalyzes decomposition of cellulose is added to the enzyme group.   The control agent for bryophytes and cyanobacteria according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein a surfactant is added to the enzyme group.   The moss and cyanobacteria control agent according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4 is dissolved in water, and the obtained control agent aqueous solution is sprayed on the area where the moss or cyanobacteria are generated, and the moss or cyanobacteria are produced. Control method of bryophytes and cyanobacteria which inactivate and control   6. The bryophytes of claim 5 wherein the amount of the control agent aqueous solution to be sprayed on the area where the bryophytes or cyanobacteria are generated is set to an amount corresponding to the water content of the limit that the bryophytes or cyanobacteria can hold. Control method of cyanobacteria.   7. The method for controlling bryophytes and cyanobacteria according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the control agent aqueous solution is sprayed on a fine day in a time zone that is the highest temperature, intensity, and dryness of the day.