JP2010230618A - Method and apparatus for measuring daily urinary excretion - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and method for measuring daily urinary excretion, which can measure daily excretion of a urine component highly accurately and easily. <P>SOLUTION: A daily urinary excretion measurement apparatus 400 includes: a primary urine component calculation section 411 for measuring the amount of a primary urine component contained in before-dinner urine that is excreted within a predetermined period of time for the last time before dinner in the day and the amount (salt) of a primary urine component (salt) contained in overnight urine that is excreted for the first time after wake-up on the next day following a sleep; a regression equation storage section 416 for storing a correlation (regression equation) between the amount of the primary urine component contained in the before-dinner urine component and the amount of the primary urine component contained in the overnight urine component and the total amount of a urine component contained in daily urine; and a daily urinary excretion calculation section 412 for calculating the total amount of the urine component excreted in the daily urine according to the regression equation stored in the regression equation storage section 416, using the amounts of the primary urine components (salt) calculated by the primary urine component calculation section 411. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the amount of urinary components excreted in urine and estimating the total amount of urinary components excreted per day.

  The urine test is a test method that can be sampled easily and non-invasively, and has been widely used for many years because there is no invasion such as pain at the time of urine collection. Urine contains various components whose concentrations vary depending on the living conditions and health status of the subject, such as salt, sugar, and protein. If these components can be easily quantified at home, they are useful for health management. It is. For example, excessive intake of salt is considered to be the cause of high blood pressure and stomach cancer, and management of the intake is required, but it is cumbersome and time-consuming to measure the total amount of salt in the food to be ingested and determine the total amount Therefore, a method has been proposed in which the amount of salt excreted in urine is measured and the amount of salt taken per day is managed. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). FIG. 1 shows a conventional salt intake measuring device described in Patent Document 1.

  In the salt intake measurement device of FIG. 1, the first early morning in the morning is calculated by the user from the first morning early morning urine concentration measured by the sensor unit 41 and the first early morning urine amount input from the input unit 42. The amount of salt in urine is calculated. Furthermore, the daily excretion salt amount is calculated from the regression equation stored in advance, and is digitally displayed on the display unit 43.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the first urinary salt amount is obtained by multiplying the first urine salt concentration by the first urine salt amount in the early morning to obtain the first urinary salt amount in the early morning. The amount of salt excretion per day is obtained from the correlation (see Patent Document 1).

  Moreover, the proposal of the method of calculating the component excretion amount of the day from the creatinine concentration ratio of the component concentration in urine using the urine before bedtime several times and nighttime is also performed (refer patent document 2).

JP 2002-267661 A International Publication No. 2007/123245

  When urine volume measurement is required for urine measurement, it is not necessary to measure urine volume because it takes time to collect all spot urine in a container or a complicated mechanism for automatically measuring urine volume. A method using a certain creatinine concentration ratio is effective and requires little effort. In addition, when the creatinine concentration ratio is used, it is possible to measure the daily urinary flow component amount that reflects the dilution state of urine and is not affected by the amount of ingested water. Therefore, when the urine amount of spot urine is used and when the creatinine ratio is used, the calculation method of the daily urine component amount is different, so that measurement can be performed with higher accuracy at any timing. It is conceivable that this will be different. Further, a method for calculating the daily component excretion amount without taking time and effort using the creatinine concentration ratio is required to be able to be measured easily and with high accuracy with a small number of measurements.

  Therefore, the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and it is possible to measure the daily excretion amount of urinary components more easily and with higher accuracy, and a method for measuring the daily excretion amount of urinary components. It aims at providing the used measuring apparatus.

  In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, the daily urinary component excretion measurement method of the present invention is a method for measuring the daily urinary component excretion that measures the total amount of urinary components excreted in the urine of the day. In the spot urine excreted within a predetermined period (urine collected by one excretion), a plurality of spot urines are collected, and each spot in the collected spot urine is collected. Using urine, the primary urine component amount calculation means calculates the primary urine component amount, which is the amount of components contained in each spot urine or the amount of components excreted in the urine within a specific time. The calculation step, the urinary component daily excretion amount calculating means calculated from a plurality of primary urine component amounts calculated from a plurality of spot urines within the period, and the component contained in the urine of one day A correlation with the daily excretion of urinary components, which is the total amount of The urine component daily excretion amount calculating means calculates the daily urinary component excretion amount using the plurality of primary urine component amounts calculated by the urine component amount primary calculation means. And a middle component daily excretion amount calculating step.

  Note that the present invention can be realized not only as an apparatus but also as a method using steps as processing units constituting the apparatus, as a program for causing a computer to execute the steps, or as a computer read recording the program. It can also be realized as a possible recording medium such as a CD-ROM, or as information, data or a signal indicating the program. These programs, information, data, and signals may be distributed via a communication network such as the Internet.

  According to the daily urinary excretion measurement method and the daily urinary excretion measurement apparatus of the present invention, the daily excretion of urinary components can be easily and accurately measured.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
In spot urine collected from a single urine collection, urine is often concentrated or diluted due to water intake or sweating. There is a possibility of evaluating. As measures against this problem, there are a method of measuring urine volume simultaneously with urine components and calculating daily excretion, a method of measuring urinary creatinine simultaneously with urine components, and evaluating by urine component / creatinine ratio, etc. is there.

  Hereinafter, a method for measuring the concentration of urine creatinine at the same time as the concentration of urine component and evaluating the urine component / creatinine ratio will be described in detail. Creatinine is a creatine dehydrate and has no biological activity. In vivo, it is generated directly from creatine phosphate in muscles and nerves, and by dehydration of creatine, appears in the blood, and is excreted in the urine with little reabsorption after being filtered from the glomeruli. The Since the amount of creatinine produced is proportional to the total amount of muscle creatine (total amount of muscle), in adults, the amount produced is almost constant per kg body weight, and daily urinary creatinine excretion is almost equal to dietary factors and urine output. It is not affected and is considered to be almost constant by individuals as long as there is no shock or bleeding. For this reason, the urinary creatinine amount is measured for the purpose of correcting the urinary substance excretion amount according to the urine amount.

  Creatinine correction is widely used clinically as it is possible to evaluate urinary components that have been corrected for the effects of urine concentration and dilution, and this urine component / creatinine ratio is multiplied by the daily urinary creatinine excretion. It is also possible to calculate the daily urinary component excretion amount, and a method for estimating the daily urinary component excretion amount from the component amount in the spot urine has been studied.

  It is said that the daily excretion amount of Cre in urine has a small intra-solid variation and is highly correlated with age and physique. Focusing on this point, Tanaka et al. (Non-Patent Document: H Ueshima, et al: A simple method to estimate populational 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion using a casual urine specimen. Journal of Human Hypertension, 16, 97-103 (2002)) and Kawasaki et al. Conducted a multiple regression analysis using Japanese subjects with age, height, and weight as independent variables, and the actual measurement of daily urinary Cre excretion as a dependent variable. A formula for predicting excretion is created. The prediction formula created by Tanaka et al.

Predicted daily urinary Cre excretion (PRCr) = − 2.04 × (age) + 14.89 × (body weight (kg)) + 16.14 × (height (cm)) − 2244.55 (mg / day)
Tanaka et al. And Kawasaki et al. Calculated the daily urinary Na excretion amount PRCr by multiplying the spot urinary Na / Cre ratio by the daily urinary Cre excretion amount PRCr, and further obtained by calculation. The urinary Na excretion amount predicted value XNa is compared with the actual measurement value to create a daily Na excretion amount prediction formula. The daily Na excretion prediction formula created by Tanaka et al. Is described below. In the following formula, SU represents spot urine.

Predicted daily urinary Na excretion amount XNa = {(SU concentration in SU) ÷ (Cre concentration in SU)} × (PRCr)
Daily urinary Na excretion (mEq / day) = 21.98 × XNa ^0.392
When using the urinary component daily excretion measurement method by measuring urine volume, the user needs to collect all urine excreted at one urination and measure the urine volume. On the other hand, when creatinine correction is used, the urine volume is not measured by using a creatinine concentration measuring sensor instead of the urine volume measuring sensor. Instead, the daily creatinine excretion amount is predicted, the concentration of creatinine in the spot urine is measured, and the urine component amount is corrected. Therefore, the user only needs to collect a part of the urine excreted during one urination, and the burden of having to collect all the urine is eliminated. As a result, it is possible to calculate the daily urinary excretion more easily than the method of calculating the daily urinary excretion from the component concentration and urine volume in the spot urine. Therefore, the daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus of the present embodiment can also take a method of collecting urine using a urine collecting apparatus provided in a toilet bowl, a buttocks washing apparatus or the like.

  In the present embodiment, Tanaka et al.'S formula is used as the creatinine correction method, but the present invention is not limited to this. Any formula for calculating the daily urinary excretion of a component from the creatinine ratio of the component in the spot urine using the creatinine concentration in the spot urine can be used in the same manner. For example, according to Tanaka et al., A daily creatinine excretion prediction formula using age, height, and weight as independent variables is used, but a prediction formula using gender as an independent variable may be used. As another method, instead of the prediction formula as described above, a table indicating any one or combination of age, height, weight, and sex, and the daily creatinine excretion corresponding thereto may be stored. Good. In this case, the daily creatinine excretion amount of the subject may be read from the table, and the daily urinary excretion amount may be calculated by multiplying the creatinine ratio of the urine component for each spot urine.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the daily urinary component excretion measurement apparatus 400 according to the present embodiment. In urinary component daily excretion measuring apparatus 400 of the present embodiment, creatinine concentration contained in one urination and the concentration of urine components contained in the urine are spotted a plurality of times within a fixed period. By measuring the urine, the total amount of urinary components excreted in the urine of the average one day (for example, one day going back from the first urine excretion time after waking up) within the fixed period This is a device that automatically calculates, and comprises a control unit 2 and a sensor 3. The control unit 2 includes a display unit 207, a CPU 211, a memory 215, a timing unit 216, a transmission unit 217, an input unit 218, and the like, and these units are connected to each other via a bus. The sensor 3 includes a creatinine sensor 303 and a salt content sensor 302.

  The display unit 207 is configured by a liquid crystal display, but is not particularly limited as long as it displays measurement data and analysis data. The display unit 207 displays a data input screen, an output screen for displaying measurement data and analysis data, an instruction screen for displaying measurement instructions, and the like. Specifically, the display unit 207 displays the measured creatinine concentration, the concentration of urine components, the calculated daily urinary excretion amount, and the like. In addition, the display unit 207 displays health advice based on the calculated daily urinary excretion, a notification screen for notifying the user of a preferred timing for measurement, and the like. The CPU 211 controls the entire control unit 2. Further, the CPU 211 performs processing for measuring urine using each sensor according to a program stored in the ROM, processing for estimating daily urinary excretion using the measured urinary salt concentration and urinary creatinine concentration, Secondary processing of the measurement data such as processing for estimating the average daily urinary excretion from the spot urine measurement data of the time is performed. In addition, the CPU 211 inputs an instruction from a user or displays each information on the display unit 207 by exchanging signals with an input unit 218 or a touch panel provided on the control panel.

  The memory 215 includes a RAM, a ROM, an IC memory, a hard disk, and the like. The memory 215 previously stores, for example, a correlation between the spot urinary creatinine concentration and the daily urinary excretion in a ROM or the like. In addition, a readable / writable large-capacity memory 215 realized by a hard disk, an IC memory, or the like stores the creatinine concentration, the concentration of urine components, the amount of urine components, etc. measured in association with excretion time information each time measurement is performed. Measurement data is accumulated.

  The timer 216 is a timer or the like and detects excretion time information.

  The transmission unit 217 transmits measurement results, health advice, and the like to an external personal computer, mobile phone, PDA, or the like registered in advance by the user by infrared communication or a mobile phone line.

  The input unit 218 is various buttons provided on the control unit 2 or a touch panel provided on the display unit 207.

  Although not shown, the daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus 400 of this embodiment includes an input / output port and is flexible via an external flexible disk drive or IC memory drive connected to the input / output port. Data can be input / output to / from a disk or IC memory.

  The creatinine sensor 303 measures the creatinine concentration in urine sucked into the sensor. Specifically, an enzyme method is used for the measurement of creatinine. In the sensor, creatinine amide hydrolase, creatinine amidinohydrolase, sarcosine oxidase and a dye, which are enzymes for measuring creatinine, are dried and supported in the sensor, and the color change of the dye is judged to measure the creatinine concentration (Reference: Japanese Patent Publication). 54-151095).

  The method for measuring creatinine is not limited to the enzyme method for measuring creatinine used in the present embodiment. As a method for measuring creatinine by an enzyme method, there is a method of detecting ammonia using creatinine diminase (reference: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-512492), and other methods may be used. If there is a simple method for measuring the creatinine concentration in urine, it may be used as long as it can measure the creatinine concentration in spot urine.

  The salt sensor 302 measures the urinary salt concentration of urine inhaled into the sensor 3. The salt sensor 302 measures the urinary salt concentration by an electrode method using a conductivity method. The conductivity can be measured by measuring the impedance between predetermined terminals. Since there are no movable parts, the structure is simple and the operation reliability is high. Since the urinary conductivity largely depends on the sodium concentration, a calibration curve was obtained in advance from the correlation between the urinary sodium concentration and the electrical conductivity, and two electrodes were used to measure the conductivity. The concentration of sodium can be measured with an inexpensive sensor. In the case where the salinity concentration is measured by the conductivity, correction may be performed to remove an error due to potassium or magnesium other than the salinity.

  FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the main part of the daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus 400 realized by the CPU 211 and the memory 215 shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus 400 includes a urinary component primary calculation unit 411, a urinary component daily excretion calculation unit 412, a primary urinary component storage unit 415, a regression equation. A storage unit 416 is provided.

  The daily urinary component excretion measuring method 400 by the urinary component daily excretion measuring device 400 is “in the urine component primary calculation step, the urine component primary calculation means is measured by a component sensor. Using the component concentration in spot urine, the creatinine concentration in the spot urine measured by a creatinine sensor, and the daily creatinine excretion retained in the urine component amount primary calculation means, the primary urine The method for measuring daily urinary component excretion according to claim 1, wherein the amount of medium component is calculated. In this case, the urine component amount primary calculation unit 411 corresponds to “the urine component amount primary calculation unit”, and the urine component daily excretion amount calculation unit 412 corresponds to “the urinary component daily excretion amount calculation unit”. Each corresponds.

  The urine component amount primary calculation unit 411 uses the above three formulas by Tanaka et al. Based on the creatinine concentration input from the creatinine sensor 303 and the salt concentration input from the salt sensor 302 to calculate the salt amount and creatinine in the spot urine. The ratio to the amount is calculated, and the daily urinary creatinine excretion amount is multiplied by this urine component / creatinine ratio to calculate the primary urinary salt content. Further, the urinary component amount calculation unit 411 inputs the input creatinine concentration and salt concentration, and the calculated primary urinary salt amount, from the input unit 218, the current time at measurement acquired from the time measuring unit 216, and the input unit 218. It is stored in the urine component amount storage unit 415 in association with the excretion time information.

  When the primary urinary salt amount is calculated by the urinary component amount primary calculation unit 411, the urinary component daily excretion amount calculation unit 412 calculates the most recent five urine component primary urine measurements within one week from the measurement time. The amount of salt is read from the primary urine component accumulation unit 415. Next, the urinary component daily excretion amount calculation unit 412 calculates an average value of the calculated primary urinary salt amount and the read primary urinary salt amount for five times, and the regression stored in the regression equation storage unit 416. Conversion is performed using the formula to calculate the daily excretion of urinary salt. Furthermore, the urinary component daily excretion amount calculation unit 412 outputs information such as the calculated daily urinary salt excretion amount to the transmission unit 217 in accordance with the instruction input from the input unit 218.

  The primary urine component amount accumulating unit 415 accumulates the current time at the time of measurement, excretion time information, creatinine concentration, salt concentration, primary urinary salt amount, and the like each time spot urine is measured. Further, when calculating the creatinine ratio of the salt content in the spot urine, the daily urinary salt excretion, or the difference between the daily urinary salt excretion and the reference amount, these are also accumulated. The regression equation storage unit 416 stores a regression equation calculated in advance that represents the correlation between the average value of the primary urinary salt amount for a plurality of batches and the daily excretion amount of urinary salt.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the appearance of the daily urinary excretion measuring apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 2 and a method for measuring urinary components using the daily urinary excretion measuring apparatus 100. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an appearance of a control panel portion of the control unit 2 of the daily urinary excretion measuring apparatus 100 shown in FIG.

(Appearance of the daily urinary excretion measuring device)
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the sensor 3 is detachably connected to the control unit 2 at the connection unit 201 so that it can be replaced when worn out. A protrusion of the sensor 3 (not shown) can be fitted into the connection part 201, and a terminal for electrically connecting the sensor 3 and the control unit 2 is disposed inside the connection part 201. The control unit 2 includes a cursor left movement button 202, a cursor right movement button 203, a night urine excretion time information button 204, a pre-dinner excretion time information button, a transmission button 206, a display unit 207, and the like on the control panel. For example, when a plurality of selection candidates are displayed on the input screen, the cursor left movement button 202 and the cursor right movement button 203 are used to move the cursor leftward or rightward in order to select a desired selection candidate. Button. The night urine excretion time information button 204 and the pre-dinner excretion time information button are buttons for the user to start measurement while designating time information associated with bedtime activities such as “nocturnal urine” and “just before dinner” at the time of measurement. It is. That is, when the excretion time information button 204 or 205 is pressed, selection candidates of excretion time information such as “immediately before going to bed”, “first time after waking up”, “second time after waking up”, etc. are displayed on the display unit 207, and measurement starts. Is done. In this state, the user can select any selection candidate using the cursor right movement button 203 or the cursor left movement button 202. The send button 206 is a mobile phone or personal computer registered in advance with the measurement result of the sensor 3, health advice displayed on the display unit 207 in accordance with the calculated daily urinary excretion and the daily urinary excretion. This is a button for transmitting by the transmitting unit 217 toward the user.

(Measurement method of urine content)
Next, FIG. 2 shows a method of measuring and analyzing the amount of salt excreted in urine collected as needed by this daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus 400 and estimating the amount of daily urinary excretion from FIG. This will be described with reference to FIG.

  First, when the user urinates, a part of the urine is collected, and the sensor part attached to the measuring device is immersed in the collected urine. When the user presses any of the plurality of excretion time designation buttons 231 on the control panel of the control unit 2, the CPU 211 starts a measurement control routine, and urine measurement starts.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a measurement control routine executed by the CPU 211 shown in FIG.

  When the measurement control routine is started, excretion time information is input according to the type of the excretion time designation button selected at the start of measurement, and the CPU 211 inputs the measurement start time (current time at the time of measurement) detected by the timer unit 216. (Step S301).

  Next, the CPU 211 executes urine measurement processing (step S302). The measurement process is performed by the salt sensor 302 and the creatinine sensor 303 provided in the sensor 3, respectively. In this example, the salt concentration is detected after the conductivity measurement, and the creatinine concentration is detected after the optical measurement. The CPU 211 (urine component amount calculation unit 411 in FIG. 3) calculates the primary urinary salinity from the formula created by Tanaka et al. Using the salinity and creatinine concentrations and the user's age, height and weight values that have been input in advance. The excretion amount is calculated (step S303), and the calculated primary urinary salt content is accumulated in the primary urine component amount accumulating unit (step S304). Furthermore, the amount of salt excretion in the daily urine of the night urine, which was carried out within 24 hours retroactively from the current measurement, when the current measurement was just before dinner, and when the current measurement was the night urine, The result is extracted from the primary urine component amount accumulating unit (step S305), and using the extracted primary urinary salt excretion amount and the primary urinary salt excretion amount calculated this time, data for two times in total is used. The amount of excretion is calculated (step S306).

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the processing routine of the daily urinary component excretion amount calculating step.

  First, the average value of the extracted primary urine salinity is calculated (step S411), and regression equations when using urine immediately before dinner and night urine are read from the regression equation storage unit (step S412), and this regression equation is used. Then, the daily excretion amount of urinary salt is calculated from the calculated average value (step S413).

  In this configuration, if the specified number of measurements (in this case, 2 times in total) is not performed within one day, the daily urinary excretion amount is calculated on the display unit of the measuring device. It is configured to display a guide indicating that it cannot be performed and how many times it should be measured, and a comment for evaluating that the current measurement has been performed. If it does in this way, the effect of urging measurement to the user of a measuring device will be acquired, and it has the effect of continuing the next life improvement (salt reduction).

  With this configuration, the user can grasp the daily excretion of urinary salt.

  In this configuration, the case of measuring spot urine twice a day for night urine and urine immediately before dinner was described.

表１は、成人男女２９名が５日間の蓄尿を行い、クレアチニンの１日排泄量の蓄尿値平均（クレアチニン実測値）を算出した後、このクレアチニン１日排泄量の実測値と各排泄尿中の塩分濃度とクレアチニン濃度からそれぞれの一次尿中塩分量を算出した実験結果をもとに、１日２回指定のタイミングで測定したスポット尿を用いて尿中塩分一日排泄量を算出した値と、対応する２４時間蓄尿中の塩分量実測値との相関を示す表である。１日２回の測定タイミングとして、昼間の９時以降１７時までに排泄された尿の中からできる限り排泄タイミングが離れている２回を抽出した「昼間（９：００−１７：００）に２回」、昼間の９時以降１７時までに排泄された尿の中からできる限り早いタイミングの尿と１７時以降かつ夕食前の尿を抽出した「昼間（９：００−１７：００）＆夕食前」、昼間の９時以降１７時までに排泄された尿の中からできる限り早いタイミングの尿と就寝直前の尿を抽出した「昼間（９：００−１７：００）＆就寝前」、１７時以降かつ夕食前に排泄された尿と就寝直前の尿を抽出した「昼間（９：００−１７：００）＆夕食前」、昼間の９時以降１７時までに排泄された尿の中からできる限り早いタイミングの尿と起床後最初に排泄した尿である夜間尿を抽出した「昼間（９：００−１７：００）＆朝一」、１７時以降かつ夕食前に排泄された尿と夜間尿を抽出した「昼間（９：００−１７：００）＆朝一」、就寝直前と夜間尿を抽出した「就寝前＆朝一」のそれぞれについて、尿中塩分一日排泄量を算出した値と２４時間蓄尿中の塩分量実測値との差の標準偏差を実測値平均の割合で示した「誤差％」、尿中塩分一日排泄量を算出した値と２４時間蓄尿中の塩分量実測値との「相関係数」、各値を算出した標本となった数である「標本数」を示している。また、図８は、表１の各測定タイミングの「誤差％」をグラフで示している。

Table 1 shows that 29 adult males and females store urine for 5 days, calculate the average urine storage value (actual measured value of creatinine) of daily creatinine excretion, and then determine the actual value of creatinine daily excretion and the amount of each urinary excretion. Of daily urinary salt excretion using spot urine measured at the specified timing twice a day based on the experimental results of calculating the primary urinary salinity from the salinity and creatinine concentration of each It is a table | surface which shows the correlation with the salt amount actual measurement value in corresponding 24 hour urine storage. As the measurement timing twice a day, two times of excretion timing as far as possible were extracted from the urine excreted from 9:00 to 17:00 in the daytime "at daytime (9: 00-17: 00) “Two times”, urine extracted at the earliest possible timing from 9:00 to 17:00 in the daytime and urine after 17:00 and before dinner “Daytime (9: 00-17: 00) &"Beforedinner","Daytime (9: 00-17: 00) & before going to bed" where urine extracted at the earliest possible time and urine just before going to bed was extracted from urine excreted from 9:00 to 17:00 in the daytime, Extracted urine excreted after 17:00 and before dinner and urine immediately before going to bed "Daytime (9: 00-17: 00) & before dinner", in urine excreted by noon from 9:00 to 17:00 Urine at the earliest possible timing and the first urine excreted after waking up "Daytime (9: 00-17: 00) & morning one" extracted urine, "Daytime (9: 00-17: 00) & morning one" extracted urine excreted after 17:00 and before dinner and night urine The average deviation of the standard deviation of the difference between the calculated daily urinary salinity excretion and the actual measured salinity in the 24-hour urine collection for each of the “before bedtime & morning one” from which urine was extracted just before going to bed and at night "Error%" expressed as a percentage, "correlation coefficient" between the value calculated for daily excretion of urinary salt and the actual amount of salt in 24-hour urine storage, and the number of samples for which each value was calculated A certain number of samples is shown. FIG. 8 is a graph showing “error%” at each measurement timing in Table 1.

  As the spot urine for calculating the daily excretion of urinary salt, the correlation is high when using urine immediately before dinner, urine immediately before going to bed, or urine immediately before going to bed or night urine. I understand that it is small. In particular, when urine immediately before dinner and urine at night are used as the measurement timing twice a day, the correlation is high and the error is small.

表２は、表１で用いたものと同じ実験結果を元に、１日２回指定のタイミングで測定したスポット尿を用いて尿中塩分一日排泄量を算出した値と、対応する２４時間蓄尿中の塩分量実測値との相関を示す表である。１日２回指定のタイミングとして夕食前と夜間尿を用いており、夕食前の時間制限を１３時以降にした場合の「夕食前（１３：００−夕食前）＆朝一」、１４時以降にした場合の「夕食前（１４：００−夕食前）＆朝一」、１５時以降にした場合の「夕食前（１５：００−夕食前）＆朝一」、１６時以降にした場合の「夕食前（１６：００−夕食前）＆朝一」、１７時以降にした場合の「夕食前（１７：００−夕食前）＆朝一」のそれぞれについて、表１と同様に「誤差％」、「相関係数」、「標本数」を示している。また、図９は、表２の各測定タイミングの「誤差％」をグラフで示したものである。

Table 2 shows the values obtained by calculating the daily excretion of salt in urine using spot urine measured at a designated timing twice a day based on the same experimental results as used in Table 1, and corresponding 24 hours. It is a table | surface which shows the correlation with the salt content actual value in urine storage. “Dinner (13: 00-before dinner) & morning one” when using the urine before dinner and night urine as the designated timing twice a day and the time limit before dinner is after 13:00, after 14:00 "Before dinner (14: 00-before dinner) & morning one" if you did, "Before dinner (15: 00-before dinner) & morning one" after 15:00, "Before dinner" after 16:00 (16:00-before dinner) & Asaichi "and" after dinner (17:00-before dinner) & Asaichi "after 17:00," Error% "and" Relationship "as in Table 1. "Number" and "number of samples". FIG. 9 is a graph showing “error%” at each measurement timing in Table 2.

  When the urine immediately before dinner and the nighttime urine are measured twice a day, it is understood that the correlation is high and the error is small when the dinner time is limited to “after 17:00”.

  As described above, by measuring the urine immediately before dinner and the urine immediately at night using the measuring apparatus shown in the present embodiment, the amount of urine components can be detected with high accuracy.

  As described above, according to the urinary component daily excretion measuring apparatus shown in the present embodiment, the result of the daily urinary excretion is obtained by using the spot urine measurement result twice a day. be able to. This can be used as an effect determination tool in the guidance of salt reduction in the field of treatment or prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.

  In the above embodiment, the spot urine measurement was performed twice a day to obtain the result of the daily urinary excretion, but this measurement was repeated, for example, the measurement twice a day for 3 consecutive days. By repeating or measuring multiple days a week and further averaging the values calculated from the measurements twice a day, the user can determine the average urinary salt content within their time period. The daily excretion can be ascertained.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the urinary salt was demonstrated as an example as a urinary component, the urinary component which can measure the urinary component daily excretion amount with the urinary component daily excretion measuring device of this invention, It is not limited to urinary salt. Examples of urine components that can detect a change in the health condition of the user include proteins, salt, and uric acid. As a means for detecting the urine component concentration, various methods are used depending on the measurement object.

  Protein is also referred to as urinary albumin, and the concentration of urinary albumin is used as an index to monitor the function of the kidney. Especially in diabetic nephropathy that develops as diabetes progresses, a minute amount is excreted in a small amount in the initial stage. It is said that detecting albumin is important for early detection. Various means are used as a means for detecting albumin, and examples thereof include an immunization method using an anti-albumin antibody that specifically binds albumin and an immunoturbidimetric method.

  Salt is known to cause high blood pressure and stomach cancer, and it is desired to control the intake of salt to an appropriate value for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Since the amount of salt excreted in urine is approximately equal to the amount of ingested salt, measuring the amount of salt excreted in a day is a measure of the daily intake of salt. Various means can be used to detect urinary salt. Electrode method using conductivity method, one using selective electrode that reacts selectively with sodium ion, coulometric titration method and ion An example is detection of chloride ions by a selective electrode method.

  Uric acid is known as a causative substance such as gout, and uric acid is said to be excreted in urine in about 80% of the daily synthetic amount. Therefore, if the uric acid in urine is measured, the uric acid level in the body can be estimated, which can be used for the prevention and treatment of gout and other diseases. Various methods are used for detecting uric acid, and examples include an electrode method and a method for detecting the concentration of uric acid based on the color of the solution after being decomposed by uricase.

  The excretion time information limits the time when urine excretion is performed, and examples thereof include the date and time when the urine excretion is performed. In addition, it shows the time division of the day such as early morning, daytime, midnight, morning, afternoon, seasons such as spring, summer, autumn, winter, and before breakfast, lunch, dinner meal, after meal, before exercise Examples of excretion time information include those related to daily life such as after exercise, immediately before going to bed, and after waking up, and the number of urinations after waking up such as the first time, the second time, etc. after waking up.

  The excretion time information may be detected as long as it has a timekeeping unit, and a timer is exemplified. The date and time of measurement may be detected together with a calendar function. According to this, a distinction can be made between weekdays and holidays as well as days of the week, and life patterns such as sleeping, eating, exercising and activities can be inferred.

  Examples of methods for inputting excretion time information include a method in which a CPU or the like is executed according to a stored program, and a method in which the user himself / herself inputs directly. It is known that there is a biological rhythm in the excretion of urinary components, and the excretion amount is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as urination time, activity content, lifestyle, and climate. Therefore, when examining the amount of urinary excretion, the conditions regarding when the urine is excreted are important. Therefore, the measured urinary excretion is stored and analyzed together with the excretion time information, which is an important measurement condition. . The type of the storage unit is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a non-volatile memory such as a hard disk, a movable recording medium such as a CD-ROM, and an SD card. It is known that the excretion of urinary components varies greatly among individuals, but even within the same person, the daily fluctuation is large. Therefore, by analyzing the measurement data for several days stored in the storage unit, it is possible to obtain a measurement result more reflecting the health condition of the user.

  There are various methods for determining the time before and after going to bed in the excretion time, but the user inputs a method of using the timekeeping unit and an excretion time designation button associated with the bedtime act such as “immediately before going to bed” or “first time after waking up”. Examples include methods. Similarly, with regard to the determination of the excretion time information before and after dinner, examples include a method using a time measuring unit and a method of inputting an excretion time designation button.

  In addition, there is also a method of inputting bedtime information or dinner time information to the measuring instrument as a method for determining other excretion time information before and after bedtime or before and after dinner. For example, by storing the average sleep time pattern (average bedtime and average wake-up time) and dinner time of the user in advance in the measurement device, and comparing the sleep time pattern and dinner time with excretion time information, There is a method for determining in the apparatus whether the urine is before bedtime, at night, or before dinner. In addition, when a sensor capable of sensing a constant weight (general human weight) is installed under the user's bedding and the weight is detected continuously for a certain time (for example, 30 minutes or more), the user goes to sleep. It is determined that a wake-up occurs when the weight is continuously lost for a certain period of time (for example, 30 minutes or more), and the result is transmitted from the input / output port provided in the measurement device to the measurement device by wire or wirelessly. There is a method of grasping that the excretion time is before and after going to bed by comparing with the excretion time information. It is also possible to sense acceleration information of tableware, determine breakfast, lunch, and dinner together with current time information, and send the result to the measuring device.

  In this case, as a wired connection method, for example, there are USB connection and LAN (registered trademark) connection. Examples of wireless connection methods include infrared communication, Bluetooth (registered trademark) communication, and wireless LAN.

  Further, the display unit is not particularly limited as long as it displays measurement data and analysis data, but a display unit using a liquid crystal display can be given as an example.

  Furthermore, many urinary components that can detect changes in the user's health condition are given a standard value as the total excretion per day. For example, the intake of salt is targeted to be less than 10 g / day for healthy Japan 21 and 5 g or less for WHO. The reference amount is not particularly limited, but an average value recommended in advance by a medical institution may be used, or a form in which the user's own target value is directly input may be used. Although it does not specifically limit as a comparison part, The method of making a CPU etc. perform according to the memorize | stored program, the method of displaying a reference amount with a daily excretion amount, and making a user judge, etc. are mentioned as an example. In addition, the health advice according to the comparison result with the daily urinary excretion amount and the reference value is stored in the hard disk, and the health advice is extracted according to the comparison result with the daily urinary excretion amount and the reference value, and measured. The health advice along with the results and comparison results can be displayed on the control panel. There are various types of health advice that can be considered depending on the user's situation and the object to be measured, but in the case of salinity measurement, there are indications of adverse health effects due to excessive salt intake, Examples include tips. Further, when the excretion amount is less than the reference value or the target value, a message such as a message of praise may be displayed.

  This measurement notification unit promotes the measurement of urine of excretion time information having a high correlation with the daily urinary component excretion. Although there is no particular limitation on the notification method, the user's attention is given by performing sound notification such as generating an alarm at the time of excretion time, which is highly correlated with the daily urinary excretion, or by light notification. An example is a method of invoking and prompting a measurement. Moreover, the form which displays the excretion time information with a high correlation with the daily urinary excretion amount as a standby display of a display part may be taken. This measurement timing may be input by the user, or may be a selection of a recommended time zone stored in advance by the apparatus.

  Various known methods can be applied to the method for detecting the salinity concentration. For example, a selective electrode that selectively reacts with sodium ions may be used, or a flame photometric method may be used. In the flame photometry method, urine as a sample is sprayed in a flame, and the intensity of light having a specific wavelength emitted from sodium is measured. Further, the salinity concentration may be detected by measuring chloride ions. Various known methods such as a coulometric titration method and an ion selective electrode method can be applied to the measurement of chloride ions.

  In the above embodiment, when any of the excretion time information designation buttons 231 is pressed in step S301 in FIG. 6, excretion time information is input according to the type of the selected excretion time designation button, and the time counting unit 216 Although it is assumed that the current time at the time of measurement is acquired, the user may manually input only the current time at the time of measurement. Further, only excretion time information may be input.

  Each functional block in the block diagram (such as FIG. 3) and the control unit 2 shown in FIG. 2 are typically realized as an LSI which is an integrated circuit. These may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip so as to include a part or all of them. For example, the functional blocks other than the memory may be integrated into one chip.

  The name used here is LSI, but it may also be called IC, system LSI, super LSI, or ultra LSI depending on the degree of integration.

  Further, the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI's, and implementation using dedicated circuitry or general purpose processors is also possible. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that can be programmed after manufacturing the LSI, or a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connection and setting of circuit cells inside the LSI may be used.

  Furthermore, if integrated circuit technology comes out to replace LSI's as a result of the advancement of semiconductor technology or a derivative other technology, it is naturally also possible to carry out function block integration using this technology. Biotechnology can be applied.

  In addition, among the functional blocks, only the means for storing the data to be encoded or decoded may be configured separately instead of being integrated into one chip.

    The apparatus and method for measuring the daily excretion of urinary components according to the present invention can measure the daily excretion of urinary components with high accuracy and easily, and the total amount of the urinary components excreted per day. It is useful as an apparatus and method for estimating It can also be applied to health management applications using urine samples such as management of salt intake.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional salt intake measuring device. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration of a daily urinary excretion measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the main part of the daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an appearance of the daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus and a method for measuring urinary components using the urinary daily excretion measuring apparatus. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an appearance of a control panel portion of a control unit of the daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a measurement control routine executed by the CPU of the daily urinary component excretion measuring apparatus. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing details of a daily urinary component excretion calculating step executed by the CPU of the urinary component daily excretion measuring device. FIG. 8 shows the ratio of the standard deviation of the difference between the value estimated from the urine component concentration measured at the designated timing twice a day and the component amount (actual value) in 24-hour urine storage to the average of the actual measurement value. Graph FIG. 9 shows the standard deviation of the difference between the value estimated from the urine component concentration of urine and the night urine measured twice at the designated timing before dinner and the amount of component (measured value) in 24-hour urine storage. Graph showing the ratio of the actual measured value to the average

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Beaker 2 Control unit 3 Sensor 4 Urine 41 Sensor part 42 Input part 43 Display part 400 Urinary daily excretion measuring device 201 Connection part 202 Cursor left movement button 203 Cursor right movement button 204 Night urine excretion time designation button 205 Before dinner Excretion time designation button 206 Measurement result transmission button 207 Display unit 211 CPU
215 Memory 216 Timekeeping unit 217 Transmitter 218 Input unit 302 Salt sensor 303 Creatinine sensor 411 Primary urinary component amount calculation unit 413 Daily urinary component excretion calculation unit 415 Primary urine component amount accumulation unit 416 Regression equation storage unit 418 Average Daily urinary excretion calculator

Claims (5)

A urinary component daily excretion measurement method for measuring a total amount of urinary components excreted in urine in a day,
Collect spot urine multiple times out of spot urine excreted within a predetermined period (urine collected in one excretion),
Using each spot urine out of a plurality of spot urines collected, the urine component amount primary calculation means is the amount of components contained in each spot urine or the amount of components excreted in urine within a specific time A primary calculation step for calculating a primary urine component amount;
The urinary component daily excretion amount calculating means is a value calculated from a plurality of primary urine component amounts calculated from a plurality of spot urines within the period and a total amount of the components contained in the urine in one day Maintaining a correlation with the daily urinary component excretion, and further using the correlation and the plurality of primary urine component amounts calculated by the urine component amount primary calculation means, A method for measuring daily urinary component excretion, wherein the component daily excretion amount calculating means includes the step of calculating the daily urinary component excretion amount to calculate the daily urinary component excretion amount. In the urine component amount primary calculation step, the urine component amount primary calculation means, the component concentration in the spot urine measured by a component sensor, and the creatinine concentration in the spot urine measured by a creatinine sensor, 2. The daily urinary component excretion amount according to claim 1, wherein the urinary component daily excretion amount is calculated using a daily creatinine excretion amount retained in the urinary component amount primary calculation means in advance. Measuring method. In the urine component amount primary calculation step, the urine component amount primary calculation means performs within one day from the first urine excreted after waking up until the first urine excreted after waking up approximately 24 hours later. Of each spot urine, the amount of primary urine component of each spot urine for one day or two or more of the spot urine, and one of the two spot urines within the day, Urine immediately before dinner, which is urine excreted and collected at the end before dinner, or urine just before bedtime, which is excreted and collected at the end before bedtime, or nightly urine, which is the first urine excreted and collected after waking up Calculate the amount of primary urine components in each spot urine using
In the urinary component daily excretion amount calculating step, the urinary component daily excretion amount calculating means is configured such that two spot urines in the day and one of the two spot urines in the day are dinner. The urine immediately before dinner, which is the last urine excreted and collected before the night, or the urine just before bedtime, which is the last urine excreted and collected before going to bed, or the night urine that is the first urine excreted and collected after waking up From the correlation between the value calculated from the value of the primary urinary component amount calculated using and the total amount of the urinary component contained in the urine of the day, each calculated by the primary urinary component amount calculation means The method for measuring daily urinary component excretion according to claim 2, wherein the daily urinary component excretion is calculated using a value calculated from the amount of primary urinary component. In the urine component amount primary calculation step, the urine component amount primary calculation means includes the urine immediately before dinner, which is the urine excreted and collected at the end before dinner as the two spot urines in the day, and the dinner Calculate the amount of primary urine component in each spot urine using night urine, which is the urine excreted and collected first after waking up after going to bed,
In the urinary component daily excretion amount calculating step, the urinary component daily excretion amount calculating means calculates the value calculated from the primary urine component amount calculated from the urine immediately before dinner and the primary urine component amount calculated from the night urine. From the correlation with the total amount of the urine components contained in the urine of the day, the primary urine component amount immediately before dinner calculated by the urine component amount primary calculation means, and the urine component amount 4. The daily urinary component excretion measurement according to claim 3, wherein the daily urinary component excretion amount is calculated using the primary urine component amount of the nighttime urine calculated by the primary calculating means. Method. In the urine component amount primary calculation step, the urine component amount primary calculation means is urine excreted after 17:00 as the two spot urines in the day and excreted and collected at the end before dinner Calculate the amount of primary urine component in each spot urine using urine immediately before dinner and night urine, which is urine excreted and collected first after waking up after going to bed after dinner,
In the urinary component daily excretion amount calculating step, the urinary component daily excretion amount calculating means is excreted after 17:00 and calculated from the primary urine component amount calculated from the urine immediately before dinner and the primary urine calculated from the night urine From the correlation between the value calculated by the component amount and the total amount of the urine component contained in the urine of the day, the primary urine component amount of the urine immediately before dinner calculated by the urine component amount primary calculation means The urine component daily excretion amount is calculated using the primary urine component amount of the nighttime urine calculated by the urine component amount primary calculation means. Method for measuring daily excretion of medium components.

Images