JP2009232065A - Communication system, and on-board communication device - Google Patents

Communication system, and on-board communication device Download PDF

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JP2009232065A
JP2009232065A JP2008073755A JP2008073755A JP2009232065A JP 2009232065 A JP2009232065 A JP 2009232065A JP 2008073755 A JP2008073755 A JP 2008073755A JP 2008073755 A JP2008073755 A JP 2008073755A JP 2009232065 A JP2009232065 A JP 2009232065A
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road
vehicle communication
communication device
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JP5211784B2 (en
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Hiroshi Fujimoto
浩 藤本
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform inter-vehicle communications and road-to-vehicle communications using the same communication frequency band inexpensively. <P>SOLUTION: If a vehicle 1 on which an on-board communication device 2 is mounted enters into a communication area of an inter-vehicle communication device 4 that is provided in the side of a base station 3 and receives location information of a road-to-vehicle communication device 5, the on-board communication device 2 switches from inter-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication. Then, the on-board communication device 2 performs road-to-vehicle communications with the road-to-vehicle communication device 5 at the timing that the vehicle 1 enters into the communication area of the road-to-vehicle communication device 5 provided in the side of the base station 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、路車間通信と車車間通信との間で通信を切換可能な車載通信装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an in-vehicle communication device capable of switching communication between road-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication.

一般にETC（Electronic Toll Collection system）車載機はDSRC（Dedicated Short-Range Communication：専用狭域通信）方式と呼ばれる通信方式によりETCゲート等の基地局側に設置された通信装置（DSRC路側機）と通信する。このDSRC方式では、通信周波数帯域（5.8GHz帯域）に複数の通信チャネルが割り当てられ、DSRC路側機は使用する通信チャネルが他の通信チャネルと干渉しないように配置，運用されている。このためETC車載機は、DSRC路側機と通信する際、すなわち路車間通信を行う際には、通信周波数帯域に割り当てられている全ての通信チャネルを順にスキャンすることにより通信の際に使用する通信チャネルを検出する。   In general, ETC (Electronic Toll Collection system) in-vehicle devices communicate with communication devices (DSRC roadside devices) installed on the base station side such as ETC gates by a communication method called DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communication) method. To do. In this DSRC system, a plurality of communication channels are allocated to the communication frequency band (5.8 GHz band), and the DSRC roadside equipment is arranged and operated so that the communication channel to be used does not interfere with other communication channels. For this reason, when ETC on-board equipment communicates with DSRC roadside equipment, that is, when performing road-to-vehicle communication, communication that is used for communication by sequentially scanning all communication channels assigned to the communication frequency band Detect the channel.

近年、このような路車間通信機能と共に、路車間通信において使用する通信周波数帯域と同じ通信周波数帯域を利用して周囲車両と通信する車車間通信機能を備えたETC車載機が提案されている。しかしながら一般に車車間通信を行う際には、周囲車両の位置情報を常に収集し、且つ、自車両の位置情報を周囲車両に伝えるために、同一の通信チャネルを使い続けなければならない。このため従来のETC車載機では、路車間通信機能と車車間通信機能とで通信機能部を共用し、DSRC路側機からの電波が検知されたか否かに応じて路車間通信と車車間通信との間で通信を切り換えるようにしている（特許文献１参照）。
特開２００４−２４６６８７号公報 In recent years, an ETC in-vehicle device having an inter-vehicle communication function for communicating with surrounding vehicles using the same communication frequency band as that used in road-to-vehicle communication in addition to such a road-to-vehicle communication function has been proposed. However, in general, when performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, it is necessary to always use the same communication channel in order to always collect position information of surrounding vehicles and transmit the position information of the own vehicle to surrounding vehicles. For this reason, in conventional ETC in-vehicle devices, the communication function unit is shared by the road-to-vehicle communication function and the vehicle-to-vehicle communication function, and road-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication are performed depending on whether or not radio waves from the DSRC roadside device are detected. (See Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-246687 A

DSRC路側機からの電波が検知されたか否かに応じて通信を車車間通信から路車間通信に切り換える場合、DSRC路側機からの電波が検知されたか否かを判断するための判別回路が必要になるために、ETC車載機のコストが増加する。   When switching from vehicle-to-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication depending on whether or not radio waves from the DSRC roadside machine have been detected, a discrimination circuit is required to determine whether or not radio waves from the DSRC roadside machine have been detected. Therefore, the cost of ETC in-vehicle devices increases.

本発明は、このような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、その目的は、同一の通信周波数帯域を利用した車車間通信及び路車間通信を安価に行うことが可能な通信システム及び車載通信装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a communication system and an in-vehicle system capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication using the same communication frequency band at low cost. It is to provide a communication device.

本発明では、車車間通信によって路車間通信を行うことを通知する付帯情報を受信した場合、車載通信装置が車車間通信から路車間通信へと通信を切り換える。   In the present invention, when the incidental information notifying that road-to-vehicle communication is performed by vehicle-to-vehicle communication is received, the in-vehicle communication device switches communication from vehicle-to-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication.

本発明によれば、車車間通信と路車間通信とを切り換えるための判別回路が不要になるので、同一の通信周波数帯域を利用した車車間通信及び路車間通信を安価に行うことができる。   According to the present invention, since a determination circuit for switching between vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication is not required, vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication using the same communication frequency band can be performed at low cost.

以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態となる通信システムの構成及びその動作について説明する。   Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

〔通信システムの構成〕
本発明の実施形態となる通信システムは、図１に示すように、車両１に搭載された車載通信装置２と、ETCゲート等の基地局３側に設置された車車間通信装置４及び路車間通信装置５（DSRC路側機）とを主な構成要素として備える。車車間通信装置４は、約100~400mの通信範囲内に路車間通信装置５毎に固有に割り当てられた路側機ID（サービス種別），路車間通信装置５の位置（経度・緯度）及び通信周波数（通信チャネル）を示す情報を送信する。路車間通信装置５は、車車間通信装置４と同一の通信周波数帯域（例えば5.8GHz帯域）を利用して約4~30mの通信範囲内で路車間通信を行う。 [Configuration of communication system]
As shown in FIG. 1, a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an in-vehicle communication device 2 mounted on a vehicle 1, an inter-vehicle communication device 4 installed on the base station 3 side such as an ETC gate, and a road-vehicle communication. A communication device 5 (DSRC roadside machine) is provided as a main component. The inter-vehicle communication device 4 has a roadside machine ID (service type) uniquely assigned to each road-vehicle communication device 5 within a communication range of about 100 to 400 m, the position (longitude / latitude) of the road-vehicle communication device 5 and communication. Information indicating the frequency (communication channel) is transmitted. The road-to-vehicle communication device 5 performs road-to-vehicle communication within a communication range of about 4 to 30 m using the same communication frequency band (for example, 5.8 GHz band) as the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device 4.

〔車載通信装置の構成〕
車載通信装置２は、車車間通信機能と路車間通信機能の２つの通信機能を有する。具体的には、車載通信装置２は、図２に示すように、DSRC通信回路１０と制御CPU（Central Processing Unit）２０を主な構成要素として備える。DSRC通信回路１０は、アンテナ１１を介して電波を送信する送信回路１２と、アンテナ１１を介して電波を受信する受信回路１３と、送信回路１２と受信回路１３との間でアンテナ１１に接続する回路を切り換える切換回路１４と、路車間通信に関係する電波を変調／復調する路車間通信変復調部１５と、車車間通信に関係する電波を変調／復調する車車間通信変復調部１６とを備える。DSRC通信回路１０は、制御CPU２０の制御に従って車車間通信モードと路車間通信モードとの間で通信モードを切り換える。 [Configuration of in-vehicle communication device]
The in-vehicle communication device 2 has two communication functions, a vehicle-to-vehicle communication function and a road-to-vehicle communication function. Specifically, the in-vehicle communication device 2 includes a DSRC communication circuit 10 and a control CPU (Central Processing Unit) 20 as main components as shown in FIG. The DSRC communication circuit 10 is connected to the antenna 11 between the transmission circuit 12 that transmits radio waves via the antenna 11, the reception circuit 13 that receives radio waves via the antenna 11, and the transmission circuit 12 and the reception circuit 13. A switching circuit 14 for switching circuits, a road-vehicle communication modulation / demodulation unit 15 that modulates / demodulates radio waves related to road-to-vehicle communication, and an inter-vehicle communication modulation / demodulation unit 16 that modulates / demodulates radio waves related to vehicle-to-vehicle communication are provided. The DSRC communication circuit 10 switches the communication mode between the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode and the road-to-vehicle communication mode under the control of the control CPU 20.

制御CPU２０は、公知のマイクロプロセッサにより構成され、DSRC通信回路１０の動作を制御する。本実施形態において制御CPU２０は、通常時は車車間通信を行うようにDSRC通信回路１０を制御し、詳しくは後述するが、車両１がDSRC路側機３に接近している場合、通信モードを車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードに切り換えるようにDSRC通信回路１０を制御する。また制御CPU２０は、DSRC通信回路１０が車車間通信モードで動作している際には、車両１に搭載されたナビゲーション装置３０との間で情報通信する。   The control CPU 20 is composed of a known microprocessor and controls the operation of the DSRC communication circuit 10. In this embodiment, the control CPU 20 controls the DSRC communication circuit 10 so as to perform vehicle-to-vehicle communication under normal conditions. As will be described in detail later, when the vehicle 1 is approaching the DSRC roadside unit 3, the communication mode is set to the vehicle. The DSRC communication circuit 10 is controlled to switch from the inter-vehicle communication mode to the road-to-vehicle communication mode. The control CPU 20 communicates information with the navigation device 30 mounted on the vehicle 1 when the DSRC communication circuit 10 is operating in the inter-vehicle communication mode.

ナビゲーション装置３０は、位置判定部３１と車両接近度推定部３２を主な構成要素として備える。位置判定部３１は、制御CPU２０からの指示に応じて、GPS（Global Positioning System）アンテナ３３を介して受信したGPS信号を利用して車車間通信において周囲車両に通知する車両１の位置情報（自車位置情報，経度・緯度情報）を生成する。位置判定部３１により生成された自位置情報は制御CPU２０を介してDSRC通信回路１０に入力され、DSRC通信回路１０は車車間通信によって自位置情報を周囲車両に送信する。車両接近度推定部３２は、DSRC通信回路１０が受信した周囲車両の位置情報（他車位置情報），自車位置情報，車両１の車速信号，ブレーキスイッチ（SW）信号，アクセル開度信号，ウィンカ信号，及びハザード信号に基づいて周囲車両に対する車両１の接近度を判定し、接近度が規定値以下である場合、HMI（Human Machine Interface）装置３４を制御することにより車両１の運転者に注意喚起のための情報を提示する。   The navigation device 30 includes a position determination unit 31 and a vehicle proximity estimation unit 32 as main components. The position determination unit 31 uses the GPS signal received via the GPS (Global Positioning System) antenna 33 in response to an instruction from the control CPU 20, and notifies the surrounding information of the vehicle 1 in the vehicle-to-vehicle communication (automatically). Vehicle position information, longitude / latitude information). The own position information generated by the position determination unit 31 is input to the DSRC communication circuit 10 via the control CPU 20, and the DSRC communication circuit 10 transmits the own position information to surrounding vehicles by inter-vehicle communication. The vehicle approach degree estimation unit 32 receives the position information (position information of other vehicles), the own vehicle position information, the vehicle speed signal of the vehicle 1, the brake switch (SW) signal, the accelerator opening signal received by the DSRC communication circuit 10, Based on the winker signal and the hazard signal, the degree of approach of the vehicle 1 to the surrounding vehicle is determined. When the degree of approach is below a specified value, the driver of the vehicle 1 is controlled by controlling an HMI (Human Machine Interface) device 34. Present information for alerting.

〔車載通信装置の動作〕
このような構成を有する通信システムは、以下に示す通信処理を実行することにより、同一の通信周波数帯域を利用した車車間通信及び路車間通信を安価に行うことを可能にする。以下、図３に示すフローチャートを参照して、この通信処理を実行する際の通信システムの動作について詳しく説明する。 [Operation of in-vehicle communication device]
The communication system having such a configuration can perform low-cost vehicle-to-vehicle communication and road-to-vehicle communication using the same communication frequency band by executing the following communication processing. The operation of the communication system when executing this communication process will be described in detail below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

図３に示すフローチャートは、車載通信装置２の電源がオフ状態からオン状態に切り換えられたタイミングで開始となり、通信処理はステップＳ１の処理に進む。なおこの通信処理は車載通信装置２の電源がオン状態である限り繰り返し実行されるものとする。   The flowchart shown in FIG. 3 starts at the timing when the power source of the in-vehicle communication device 2 is switched from the off state to the on state, and the communication processing proceeds to step S1. This communication process is repeatedly executed as long as the on-vehicle communication device 2 is powered on.

ステップＳ１の処理では、制御CPU２０が、ナビゲーション装置３０の位置判定部３１から自車位置情報を取得し、車車間通信変復調部１６が、送信回路１２及びアンテナ１１を介して車車間通信により自車位置情報を周囲車両に発信する。具体的には、図４に示すDSRC通信帯域内の通信チャネルCH2を利用して車車間通信を行っている場合、車車間通信変復調部１６は自車位置情報を通信チャネルCH2の周波数で変調して周囲車両に発信する。これにより、ステップＳ１の処理は完了し、通信処理はステップＳ２の処理に進む。   In the process of step S 1, the control CPU 20 acquires the vehicle position information from the position determination unit 31 of the navigation device 30, and the vehicle-to-vehicle communication modulation / demodulation unit 16 performs vehicle-to-vehicle communication via the transmission circuit 12 and the antenna 11. Send location information to surrounding vehicles. Specifically, when inter-vehicle communication is performed using the communication channel CH2 in the DSRC communication band shown in FIG. 4, the inter-vehicle communication modulation / demodulation unit 16 modulates the vehicle position information with the frequency of the communication channel CH2. To the surrounding vehicle. Thereby, the process of step S1 is completed and a communication process progresses to the process of step S2.

ステップＳ２の処理では、車車間通信変復調部１６が、アンテナ１１及び受信回路１３を介して他車位置情報を含む電波を受信，復調し、復調された他車位置情報を制御CPU２０を介してナビゲーション装置３０の車両接近度推定部３２に出力する。具体的には、図４に示すDSRC通信帯域内の通信チャネルCH2を利用して車車間通信を行っている場合、車車間通信変復調部１６は受信した電波を通信チャネルCH2の周波数で復調して他車位置情報として出力する。これにより、ステップＳ２の処理は完了し、通信処理はステップＳ３の処理に進む。   In step S2, the inter-vehicle communication modem 16 receives and demodulates radio waves including other vehicle position information via the antenna 11 and the receiving circuit 13, and navigates the demodulated other vehicle position information via the control CPU 20. It outputs to the vehicle approach degree estimation part 32 of the apparatus 30. Specifically, when inter-vehicle communication is performed using the communication channel CH2 within the DSRC communication band shown in FIG. 4, the inter-vehicle communication modem 16 demodulates the received radio wave at the frequency of the communication channel CH2. Output as other vehicle position information. Thereby, the process of step S2 is completed and a communication process progresses to the process of step S3.

ステップＳ３の処理では、車両接近度推定部３２が、自車位置情報と他車位置情報に基づいて周囲車両に対する車両１の接近度が規定値以下であるか否かを判別する。判別の結果、接近度が規定値以下である場合、車両接近度推定部３２は、ステップＳ４の処理としてHMI装置３４を起動制御することにより車両１の運転者に注意喚起のための情報を提示した後、通信処理をステップＳ５の処理に進める。一方、接近度が規定値以下でない場合には、車両接近度推定部３２は通信処理をそのままステップＳ５の処理に進める。   In the process of step S3, the vehicle approach degree estimation unit 32 determines whether the approach degree of the vehicle 1 to the surrounding vehicle is equal to or less than a specified value based on the own vehicle position information and the other vehicle position information. As a result of the determination, when the approach degree is equal to or less than the specified value, the vehicle approach degree estimation unit 32 presents information for alerting the driver of the vehicle 1 by controlling the activation of the HMI device 34 as a process of step S4. After that, the communication process proceeds to the process of step S5. On the other hand, if the approach degree is not less than or equal to the specified value, the vehicle approach degree estimating unit 32 proceeds with the communication process to the process of step S5 as it is.

ステップＳ５の処理では、制御CPU２０が、車車間通信変復調部１６が受信した電波の中に路車間通信装置５の路側機ID及び位置情報が含まれているか否かを判別する。判別の結果、路側機ID及び位置情報が含まれていない場合、制御CPU２０は通信処理をステップＳ１の処理に戻す。一方、DSRC路側機３の路側機ID及び位置情報が含まれている場合には、制御CPU２０は通信処理をステップＳ６の処理に進める。   In the process of step S5, the control CPU 20 determines whether or not the roadside machine ID and position information of the road-vehicle communication device 5 are included in the radio wave received by the vehicle-to-vehicle communication modulation / demodulation unit 16. As a result of the determination, when the roadside machine ID and the position information are not included, the control CPU 20 returns the communication process to the process of step S1. On the other hand, when the roadside machine ID and position information of the DSRC roadside machine 3 are included, the control CPU 20 advances the communication process to the process of step S6.

ステップＳ６の処理では、制御CPU２０が、DSRC通信回路１０の通信モードを車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードに切り換え、路車間通信の待ち受け状態に移行する。具体的には、図４に示すDSRC通信帯域内の通信チャネルCH2を利用して車車間通信を行っている場合において、時刻T=T1のタイミングで車車間通信により受信した電波の中に路側機ID及び位置情報が含まれている場合、制御CPU２０は、周囲車両に対する車両１の接近度が規定値以下であることを確認した後、時刻T=T2のタイミングで通信チャネルを車車間通信用の通信チャネルCH2から路車間通信用の通信チャネルCH7に切り換えることにより通信モードを車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードに切り換える。なお路車間通信用の通信チャネルとしては、車車間通信により受信した情報の中に路車間通信用の通信チャネルの指定があればその通信チャネルを使用し、指定がない場合には、DSRC通信帯域内の全ての通信チャネルをスキャンすることにより路車間通信装置５のに割り当てられている通信チャネルを検出する。本実施形態では、図４に示す通信チャネルCH5,CH7が路車間通信装置５に割り当てられているものとする。これにより、ステップＳ６の処理は完了し、通信処理はステップＳ７の処理に進む。   In step S6, the control CPU 20 switches the communication mode of the DSRC communication circuit 10 from the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode to the road-to-vehicle communication mode, and shifts to a standby state for road-to-vehicle communication. Specifically, when the inter-vehicle communication is performed using the communication channel CH2 within the DSRC communication band shown in FIG. 4, the roadside device is included in the radio wave received by the inter-vehicle communication at the time T = T1. When the ID and the position information are included, the control CPU 20 confirms that the degree of approach of the vehicle 1 to the surrounding vehicle is equal to or less than the specified value, and then sets the communication channel for inter-vehicle communication at the time T = T2. The communication mode is switched from the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode to the road-to-vehicle communication mode by switching from the communication channel CH2 to the communication channel CH7 for road-to-vehicle communication. As the communication channel for road-to-vehicle communication, if the communication channel for road-to-vehicle communication is specified in the information received by vehicle-to-vehicle communication, that communication channel is used. If not, the DSRC communication band is used. The communication channels assigned to the road-vehicle communication device 5 are detected by scanning all the communication channels. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the communication channels CH5 and CH7 shown in FIG. Thereby, the process of step S6 is completed and a communication process progresses to the process of step S7.

ステップＳ７の処理では、路車間通信変復調部１５が、路車間通信により路車間通信装置５と通信する。これにより、ステップＳ７の処理は完了する。以後、路車間通信の完了に伴い（図４に示す時刻T=T3）、制御CPU２０は通信モードを路車間通信モードから車車間通信モードに切り換え、一連の通信処理は終了する。   In the process of step S7, the road-to-vehicle communication modem 15 communicates with the road-to-vehicle communication device 5 by road-to-vehicle communication. Thereby, the process of step S7 is completed. Thereafter, with the completion of the road-to-vehicle communication (time T = T3 shown in FIG. 4), the control CPU 20 switches the communication mode from the road-to-vehicle communication mode to the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode, and the series of communication processing ends.

以上の説明から明らかなように、本発明の実施形態となる通信システムでは、車載通信装置２は、通常時は図５に示すような車車間通信を行い、図６（ａ）に示すように車載通信装置２が搭載されている車両Aが基地局３側に設けられた車車間通信装置４の通信圏R1内に入り、路車間通信装置５の位置情報を受信した場合、図６（ｂ）に示すように車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードへと通信モードを切り換える。そして車載通信装置２は、基地局３側に設けられた路車間通信装置５の通信圏R2内に入ったタイミングで路車間通信装置５と路車間通信を行う。   As is clear from the above description, in the communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the in-vehicle communication device 2 performs vehicle-to-vehicle communication as shown in FIG. 5 during normal times, as shown in FIG. When the vehicle A in which the in-vehicle communication device 2 is mounted enters the communication area R1 of the inter-vehicle communication device 4 provided on the base station 3 side and receives the position information of the road-to-vehicle communication device 5, FIG. ), The communication mode is switched from the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode to the road-to-vehicle communication mode. And the vehicle-mounted communication apparatus 2 performs road-to-vehicle communication with the road-to-vehicle communication apparatus 5 at the timing when it enters the communication area R2 of the road-to-vehicle communication apparatus 5 provided on the base station 3 side.

すなわち本発明の実施形態となる通信システムでは、車載通信装置２は車車間通信により路車間通信装置５の位置情報を受信したか否かに応じて、車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードへと通信モードを切り換える。従って本発明の実施形態となる通信システムによれば、路車間通信モードと車車間通信モードとの間で通信モードを切り換えるための判別回路が不要になり、同一の通信周波数帯を利用した車車間通信及び路車間通信を安価に行うことが可能になる。   That is, in the communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, the in-vehicle communication device 2 switches from the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode to the road-to-vehicle communication mode depending on whether or not the position information of the road-to-vehicle communication device 5 has been received by inter-vehicle communication. Switch the communication mode. Therefore, according to the communication system according to the embodiment of the present invention, a discrimination circuit for switching the communication mode between the road-to-vehicle communication mode and the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode becomes unnecessary, and the vehicle-to-vehicle communication using the same communication frequency band. Communication and road-to-vehicle communication can be performed at low cost.

以上、本発明者によってなされた発明を適用した実施の形態について説明したが、この実施形態による本発明の開示の一部をなす記述及び図面により本発明は限定されることはない。例えば本実施形態では、HMI装置３４を起動制御することにより車両１の運転者に注意喚起のための情報を提示した後に路側機ID及び位置情報を受信した場合、制御CPU３０は通信モードを車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードへと切り換えたが、路側機IDの種類によっては車車間通信を継続して周囲車両に対する車両１の接近度を監視するようにしてもよい。   As mentioned above, although embodiment which applied the invention made by this inventor was described, this invention is not limited by the description and drawing which make a part of indication of this invention by this embodiment. For example, in this embodiment, when the roadside unit ID and the position information are received after the information for alerting the driver of the vehicle 1 is presented by controlling the activation of the HMI device 34, the control CPU 30 sets the communication mode between the vehicles. Although the communication mode is switched to the road-vehicle communication mode, depending on the type of the roadside unit ID, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication may be continued to monitor the approach degree of the vehicle 1 to the surrounding vehicle.

具体的には、路車間通信装置５が交通情報を提供するVICS（Vehicle Information and Communication System）装置や駐車場で情報提供や課金を行う装置である場合、路車間通信装置５付近で車両１が周囲車両と衝突する可能性は低いので通信モードを路車間通信モードに切り換えても問題がないが、路車間通信装置５がETCゲートや交通情報（渋滞末尾位置情報や合流支援情報）を提供するビーコン装置である場合には、路車間通信装置５付近で車両１が周囲車両と衝突する可能性が高いので車車間通信を継続することが望ましい。すなわち車両１の現在位置における周囲車両との衝突可能性に応じて車車間通信モードを優先させることが望ましい。但しETCゲート付近では、路車間通信ができなくなると車両１がETCゲート付近で停車し、後続車両の接近を誘発する可能性が高くなるので、路車間通信モードを優先させることが望ましい。   Specifically, when the road-vehicle communication device 5 is a VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) device that provides traffic information or a device that provides information or charges in a parking lot, the vehicle 1 is located near the road-vehicle communication device 5. The possibility of collision with surrounding vehicles is low, so there is no problem even if the communication mode is switched to the road-to-vehicle communication mode, but the road-to-vehicle communication device 5 provides the ETC gate and traffic information (congestion tail position information and merging support information). In the case of the beacon device, it is desirable that the vehicle-to-vehicle communication is continued because there is a high possibility that the vehicle 1 will collide with a surrounding vehicle in the vicinity of the road-vehicle communication device 5. That is, it is desirable to prioritize the inter-vehicle communication mode according to the possibility of collision with surrounding vehicles at the current position of the vehicle 1. However, if road-to-vehicle communication is not possible near the ETC gate, the vehicle 1 is likely to stop near the ETC gate and induce the approach of the following vehicle. Therefore, it is desirable to prioritize the road-to-vehicle communication mode.

車車間通信装置４が基地局３に設置されていない場合には、以下に示す動作を実行することにより通信モードを車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードへと切り換えることが望ましい。車車間通信により周囲車両との衝突可能性をモニタし続けなければならない走行シーンは車両がETCゲート付近を除く道路上に位置する場合である。また車両が停止している状態では周囲車両との衝突を回避するために自車位置情報を送信する必要はあるが、他車位置情報を受信する必要はない。従って、車速が０、ブレーキペダルがオン、且つ、車両が店舗，サービスエリア，パーキングエリア等の駐車場に位置する場合、他車位置情報の受信用の時間を路車間通信装置５の通信チャネルのサーチに割り当て（例えば図７に示す時刻T=T1-T2間）、このサーチによって路車間通信装置５の通信チャネルが見つかった場合（図７に示す通信チャネルCH1）、通信モードを車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードに切り換えても良い（図７に示す時刻T=T2-T3間）。   When the inter-vehicle communication device 4 is not installed in the base station 3, it is desirable to switch the communication mode from the inter-vehicle communication mode to the road-to-vehicle communication mode by executing the following operation. The driving scene in which the possibility of collision with surrounding vehicles must be continuously monitored by inter-vehicle communication is when the vehicle is located on a road other than the vicinity of the ETC gate. Further, when the vehicle is stopped, it is necessary to transmit the own vehicle position information in order to avoid a collision with the surrounding vehicle, but it is not necessary to receive the other vehicle position information. Therefore, when the vehicle speed is 0, the brake pedal is on, and the vehicle is located in a parking lot such as a store, a service area, or a parking area, the time for receiving the other vehicle position information is set in the communication channel of the road-to-vehicle communication device 5. When assigned to the search (for example, between time T = T1 and T2 shown in FIG. 7) and the communication channel of the road-vehicle communication device 5 is found by this search (communication channel CH1 shown in FIG. 7), the communication mode is set to the inter-vehicle communication mode. May be switched to the road-vehicle communication mode (time T = T2-T3 shown in FIG. 7).

このような通信処理によれば、車車間通信装置４が基地局３に設置されていない場合であっても、通信モードを車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードに切り換えることができる。より具体的には、ETC料金所，駐車場ゲート，サービスエリアや道の駅における情報提供ビーコン付近において一旦停止することにより通信モードを車車間通信モードから路車間通信モードに切り換えることができる。なお停車時における路車間通信装置５の通信チャネルのスキャンを１，２周期分に限定し、スキャン周期内で路車間通信装置５の通信チャネルが検出されなかった場合には、直ちに他車位置情報を受信するモードに復帰することが望ましい。これにより、より安全な通信システムを構築することができる。このように、本実施形態に基づいて当業者等によりなされる他の実施の形態、実施例及び運用技術等は全て本発明の範疇に含まれる。   According to such communication processing, even when the inter-vehicle communication device 4 is not installed in the base station 3, the communication mode can be switched from the inter-vehicle communication mode to the road-to-vehicle communication mode. More specifically, the communication mode can be switched from the vehicle-to-vehicle communication mode to the road-to-vehicle communication mode by temporarily stopping near the information providing beacon in the ETC toll gate, parking lot gate, service area or roadside station. The communication channel scan of the road-to-vehicle communication device 5 at the time of stopping is limited to one or two cycles, and if the communication channel of the road-to-vehicle communication device 5 is not detected within the scan cycle, the other vehicle position information is immediately It is desirable to return to the mode for receiving the message. Thereby, a safer communication system can be constructed. As described above, other embodiments, examples, operation techniques, and the like made by those skilled in the art based on the present embodiment are all included in the scope of the present invention.

本発明の実施形態となる通信システムの構成を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the communication system used as embodiment of this invention. 図１に示す車載通信装置の内部構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the internal structure of the vehicle-mounted communication apparatus shown in FIG. 本発明の実施形態となる通信処理の流れを示すフローチャート図である。It is a flowchart figure which shows the flow of the communication process used as embodiment of this invention. 図３に示す通信処理を説明するためのタイミングチャート図である。FIG. 4 is a timing chart for explaining the communication process shown in FIG. 3. 車車間通信処理を説明するための概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating a vehicle-to-vehicle communication process. （ａ）車車間通信処理から（ｂ）路車間通信処理への通信処理の切り換えを説明するための概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating switching of the communication process from (a) vehicle-to-vehicle communication processing to (b) road-to-vehicle communication processing. 基地局に車車間通信装置が設置されていない場合の通信処理を説明するための概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the communication process in case the inter-vehicle communication apparatus is not installed in the base station.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：車両
２：車載通信装置
３：基地局
４：車車間通信装置
５：路車間通信装置
１０：DSRC（Dedicated Short-Range Communication）通信回路
１１：アンテナ
１２：送信回路
１３：受信回路
１４：切換回路
１５：路車間通信変復調部
１６：車車間通信変復調部
２０：制御CPU（Central Processing Unit）
３０：ナビゲーション装置
３１：位置判定部
３２：車両接近度推定部
３３：GPS（Global Positioning System）アンテナ
３４：HMI（Human Machine Interface）装置 1: Vehicle 2: In-vehicle communication device 3: Base station 4: Vehicle-to-vehicle communication device 5: Road-to-vehicle communication device 10: DSRC (Dedicated Short-Range Communication) communication circuit 11: Antenna 12: Transmission circuit 13: Reception circuit 14: Switching Circuit 15: Road-to-vehicle communication modem 16: Vehicle-to-vehicle communication modem 20: Control CPU (Central Processing Unit)
30: Navigation device 31: Position determination unit 32: Vehicle proximity estimation unit 33: GPS (Global Positioning System) antenna 34: HMI (Human Machine Interface) device

Claims (5)

車両に搭載され、路車間通信機能と車車間通信機能を備える車載通信装置と、
基地局側に設置された路車間通信を行う第１の送受信装置と、
前記基地局側に設置された車車間通信を行う第２の送受信装置とを備え、
前記第２の送受信装置は、車車間通信によって前記基地局が路車間通信を行うことを通知する付帯情報を送信し、前記車載通信装置は、車車間通信によって前記付帯情報を受信した場合、車車間通信から路車間通信へと通信を切り換えることを特徴とする通信システム。 An in-vehicle communication device mounted on a vehicle and having a road-to-vehicle communication function and a vehicle-to-vehicle communication function;
A first transmitting / receiving device that performs road-to-vehicle communication installed on the base station side;
A second transmission / reception device that performs inter-vehicle communication installed on the base station side;
The second transmission / reception device transmits supplementary information notifying that the base station performs road-to-vehicle communication by inter-vehicle communication, and the in-vehicle communication device receives the supplementary information by inter-vehicle communication. A communication system characterized by switching communication from inter-vehicle communication to road-to-vehicle communication. 請求項１に記載の通信システムにおいて、前記車載通信装置は、車両が停止状態である場合、車車間通信において周囲車両の位置情報を受信する処理を路車間通信用の通信チャネルを検出する処理に切り換え、所定時間内に路車間通信用の通信チャネルが検出された場合、車車間通信から路車間通信へと通信を切り換えることを特徴とする通信システム。   2. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein when the vehicle is in a stopped state, the in-vehicle communication device uses a process of receiving position information of surrounding vehicles in a vehicle-to-vehicle communication as a process of detecting a communication channel for road-to-vehicle communication. A communication system characterized by switching communication from road-vehicle communication to road-vehicle communication when a communication channel for road-vehicle communication is detected within a predetermined time. 請求項２に記載の通信システムにおいて、前記車載通信装置は、前記所定時間内に路車間通信用の通信チャネルが検出されなかった場合、路車間通信用の通信チャネルを検出する処理から車車間通信において周囲車両の位置情報を受信する処理に切り換えることを特徴とする通信システム。   3. The communication system according to claim 2, wherein the in-vehicle communication device performs a vehicle-to-vehicle communication from a process of detecting a communication channel for road-to-vehicle communication when a communication channel for road-to-vehicle communication is not detected within the predetermined time. And switching to a process for receiving position information of surrounding vehicles. 請求項１乃至請求項３のうち、いずれか１項に記載の通信システムにおいて、前記付帯情報は、前記基地局の位置情報であることを特徴とする通信システム。   4. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the supplementary information is position information of the base station. 5. 車両に搭載され、路車間通信機能と車車間通信機能を備える車載通信装置であって、車車間通信によって路車間通信を行うことを通知する付帯情報を受信した場合、車車間通信から路車間通信へと通信を切り換えることを特徴とする車載通信装置。   An in-vehicle communication device that is installed in a vehicle and has a road-to-vehicle communication function and a vehicle-to-vehicle communication function, and when receiving incidental information notifying that road-to-vehicle communication is to be performed through vehicle-to-vehicle communication, An in-vehicle communication device characterized by switching communication to
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