JP2009134660A - Evacuation guide system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evacuation guide system for always guiding to the newest safe evacuation opening in a bottleneck full of reflective sounds when an evacuation guide device suffers fire in occurrence of the fire. <P>SOLUTION: This evacuation guide system is disposed in an evacuation road and an underground passage of a building, and performs voice guide according to a hearth effect using speakers separated and installed by a predetermined interval. The evacuation guide system guides the evacuation route using a narrow band noise within a range of the frequency band of 1,000-2,500 Hertz. The evacuation guide device comprises an evacuation guide device section allowing visual recognition, the speaker for uttering guide voice, and ID data for distinguishing each evacuation guide device from the other evacuation guide devices. When the fire occurs, the evacuation guide system automatically creates a route from the evacuation guide device near the fire to the evacuation guide device near the safe evacuation opening. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation guidance system that indicates to a victim a direction of an evacuation place by voice when a fire occurs in a building or tunnel.

  In recent years, the number of large high-rise buildings has increased, and the usefulness of evacuation guidance in the event of a fire has increased. However, when smoke generated by a fire fills the inside of a building, the visibility becomes poor, and when smoke enters the eyes, the eyes cannot be opened and it is difficult to identify the evacuation route even if there is an evacuation guidance device or a guide light. In this case, of the five senses other than sight, hearing is an effective sense left for evacuation guidance. Patent Documents 1 to 5 are prior art documents that use hearing for evacuation guidance.

  In patent document 1, the intelligent which uses the fire detector which has the address serial code to which it belongs, the several route indicator installed in each passage and public place, and the wireless emergency call device installed in the place of a safety blind spot In the wireless fire point reporting device, when the route indicator receives the wireless warning signal, the digital encode number included in the route indicator identifies which fire detector is the signal generated, and thereby the best evacuation route As well as displaying the fire point and evacuation route.

  In Patent Document 2, when a fire is detected by a fire detector, the control device switches the escape guide light from the normal mode to the emergency mode, performs voice guidance from the speaker, blinks the xenon lamp, The guide light is in this emergency mode, and the light flashing guidance device ring counter is operated to cause the light flashing guidance device to generate a light flow in the direction of the exit at a speed of 2 to 8 meters per second. Yes. Further, there is described an evacuation guidance device that is shifted by a speaker ring counter so as to produce a hearth effect at the time of guidance voice generation, and that gives a sense of direction toward the evacuation exit to the guidance voice.

  In Patent Literature 3, a plurality of speakers provided in a passage in a building and delay time information for causing a Hearth effect between adjacent speakers are divided based on an arrangement position of the plurality of speakers. A delay time storage means between speakers stored for each of the series, a guidance path input means for receiving an input of a guidance path to the exit of the building by designation of a plurality of consecutive series, and each of the series designated as the guidance path Control delay time calculating means for calculating a control delay time for controlling speaker output based on a delay time from an exit to an adjacent sequence and a delay time stored in the inter-speaker delay time storage means, and the control delay time Speaker control means for controlling the output of each speaker based on the control delay time calculated by the calculation means. It has been described for the audio guidance device.

  In Patent Document 4, a plurality of speakers provided at predetermined intervals along a predetermined direction, induction sound source means for supplying an induction signal having a plurality of audible frequency components to the plurality of speakers, and the plurality of speakers And a plurality of filter means provided between each of the induction sound source means, and the induction sounds corresponding to the audible frequency components different from each other from the plurality of speakers are the frequencies of the induction sounds. Is disclosed for a filter broadcasting apparatus that sequentially outputs in the order along the predetermined direction or in the predetermined direction.

  In Non-Patent Document 1, a plurality of speakers are arranged at equal intervals in a direction in which an evacuee such as a corridor is guided, and an individual delay circuit is provided between each speaker and a sound source that generates a guide sound. The delay times of the delay circuits are different from each other by several ms to several tens of ms, and the speaker is closer to the evacuation port with a configuration in which the delay time is shorter as the corresponding speaker is closer to the evacuation port. In order, the guidance voice is output at time intervals according to the delay time, and the refugee existing in the passage is guided by the Haas effect, so that the guidance sound travels in the direction first heard and reaches the evacuation exit. The blame induction induced by is described.

Actual Application 2001-003834 JP 05-266368 JP 2006-340159 JP 2005-236737 A Yoichi Ito, “Blaming induction by sound”, Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan, Vol. 57, No. 10 (2001), pages 675-680

  The intelligent wireless fire point reporting device described in Patent Document 1 does not describe an easy-to-understand evacuation instruction method, for example, the Hearth effect, even when the visibility deteriorates due to smoke or the like when a fire occurs. Furthermore, it is not possible to update the route when the fire spreads, just by setting a default evacuation route in the event of a fire.

  Since the evacuation guidance device described in Patent Document 2 controls each speaker from the central control room by wire, of course, if the speaker connection cable is disconnected due to heat in the middle of the event, such as a fire, it will function. In the worst case, the function may be completely stopped due to a power failure. Further, although there is voice guidance from the speaker, the voice itself does not indicate directionality.

  Patent Documents 2 to 4 and Non-Patent Document 1 disclose the Haas effect or a similar idea. In these prior arts, the Haas effect is defined as having a time difference in the sound emitted from a plurality of speakers installed at predetermined intervals, giving the listener the illusion that the sound source is moving. Not a Haas effect. The Haas effect is an effect in which when sound of the same magnitude is emitted from the left and right speakers, if one is emitted first, the sound is felt from the one. In other words, the Hearth effect is an effect that refers to a phenomenon in which human psychology works and causes an illusion when sound is heard from a person who reaches the ear first even at the same volume.

  When the above-mentioned Hearth effect or sound source moving effect is carried out in a sonic anechoic chamber where there are no obstacles, the directionality can be clearly confirmed. However, in a space surrounded by walls, such as a corridor, tunnel, or underground passage, the sound from the speakers is reflected by the walls, making it difficult to confirm the effect.

  The present inventors cannot confirm the sound source moving effect in a corridor or the like when using a sound with a predetermined wavelength (pure sound), but noise mixed with sounds of various wavelengths can confirm the sound source moving effect. I got the knowledge. In other words, it was found that sound with high directivity (pure tone) is difficult to exhibit the sound source moving effect if it is affected by irregular reflection, and sound with low directivity (noise) is likely to exert the sound source moving effect even if there is diffuse reflection. .

  Therefore, the invention according to claim 1 is an evacuation guidance system that exerts a sound source moving effect by emitting a sound with a time difference along a evacuation route from a plurality of speakers installed at predetermined intervals. The sound emitted from the speakers is narrow-band noise with low directivity.

  With the above configuration, even in spaces surrounded by walls that reflect sound, such as corridors, it gives the illusion that sound moves sequentially from the source of the fire toward the evacuation exit, and in the direction that the sound is guided By moving along, you can safely reach the evacuation exit.

  Moreover, if it is 1000-2500Hz as said narrow band, it will become a frequency band which an elderly person can recognize reliably, and general recognition will increase. Further, as the noise, white noise, pink noise, wobble tone, multi-sign sound, or the like can be considered. These can be appropriately selected depending on the structure inside the building, the wall material of the evacuation route, and the like.

  Further, the evacuation guidance device at the corner portion of the evacuation path is provided with, for example, three speakers instead of one, and the corner portions are generated by sequentially generating evacuation guidance sounds with a time difference of, for example, 1 to 30 ms. It is also conceivable to guide the direction of the turn individually. Thereby, the evacuee can surely recognize the evacuation direction even at the corner.

  In addition, this evacuation guidance system includes ID data for distinguishing individual evacuation guidance devices equipped with speakers from other evacuation guidance devices and a CPU having a clock function. A guide route to a safe evacuation guidance device in the vicinity of a safe evacuation exit is automatically generated by the ID data and the CPU by taking a chain call from the guidance device, and a safe evacuation from the vicinity of the fire is made by the reverse route of the guidance route. It is also conceivable that speakers provided in the individual evacuation guidance devices guide the evacuation route toward the mouth. The evacuation guidance device incorporates an ID-identifiable data carrier and memory, and evacuates adjacent to the evacuation guidance device using a fire sensor built in the evacuation guidance device near the fire or an external fire sensor. If the guide device receives the fire information and transmits the fire information in sequence using the bucket relay system that transmits the signal to the adjacent evacuation guide device, the route to reach the exit evacuation guide device is generated. It is also possible to write the route data into the memory while calling back the route information after.

  In the evacuation guidance system of the present invention, even if there is no instruction from the disaster prevention center, when the fire report data from the fire sensor is input, the individual evacuation guidance devices themselves cooperate to determine the optimum route by themselves and be safe. It is possible to generate a route to the evacuation guidance device near the evacuation exit as a network and guide the evacuation toward a safe evacuation exit using the sound source moving effect.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, components having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated description thereof is omitted.

  Fig.1 (a)-(c) has shown the example of evacuation route generation | occurrence | production in case the fire place of a building is one place. On the floor of the building, there are six evacuation ports, the first evacuation port 1, the second evacuation port 2, the third evacuation port 3, the fourth evacuation port 4, the fifth evacuation port 6, and the sixth evacuation port 6. The evacuation guidance devices A, a1 and a2 are near the first evacuation port 1, the evacuation guidance devices B, b1 and b2 are near the second evacuation port 2, and the evacuation guidance devices C and c1 are near the third evacuation port 3. , C2 are evacuation guidance devices D, d1, and d2 near the fourth evacuation port 4, evacuation guidance devices E, e1, and e2 are near the fifth evacuation port 5, and evacuation guidance is near the sixth evacuation port 6. Devices F, f1, and f2 are provided, and evacuation guidance devices z1, z2, and z3 are further provided inside the building.

  FIG. 1A shows a fire report data report route when a fire breaks out only from the vicinity of the first evacuation exit 1 on the forward path. First, transmission of fire report data is started based on an operation from the disaster prevention center detected by a fire sensor provided in the building.

  First, the fire report data is transmitted by radio waves from the evacuation guidance device A, and is communicated to the evacuation guidance devices B to F by the relay method using the mutual authentication function toward the second to sixth evacuation ports 2 to 6. As the frequency of the radio wave, for example, a 400 MHz band used in a specific low power transceiver can be used.

  Further, the search signal sound is transmitted from the evacuation guidance device A, and the arrival time difference data between the radio wave and the sound is generated in the evacuation guidance device a1 that receives the sound transmitted from the evacuation guidance device A. As the frequency of the sound, since data communication is premised, a certain data transmission rate is required, so it is conceivable to use a frequency between 5 kHz and 10 kHz. In addition, as a content of the sound, it is considered that packet communication is performed between the synchronization signal and the ID number of the evacuation guidance device that has transmitted.

  In FIG. 1 (a), for example, as the route from the first evacuation exit 1 to the fifth evacuation exit 5, the sound data is from the evacuation guidance device A to a1, a2, z1, z2, z3, e2, e1, e, E. Are relayed together with radio waves, and in each evacuation guidance device, arrival time difference data of radio waves and sound is generated by the function of the CPU and stored in the memory.

  Specific communication contents by radio waves of the fire report data include a start signal, start time, fire source information (ID data of the evacuation guide device A), ID data of the evacuation guide device as a transmission source, relay route information (for example, If the evacuation guidance device received in the ID data string from the fire source to the evacuation guidance device is e1, A, a1, a2, z1, z2, z3, e2, etc.), the end signal is communicated as one or more packets Packet communication can be considered.

  FIG. 1B shows a callback signal notification route from the evacuation guidance device E to the evacuation guidance device A on the return path. The callback signal is transmitted by radio waves. Among these, for radio waves, the evacuation guidance device E in the vicinity of the safe evacuation exit 5 uses the relay route information after receiving data from the evacuation guidance device A in the vicinity of the first evacuation exit 1 by radio waves. Communication is relay-transmitted to the evacuation guidance device A in the vicinity of the first evacuation exit 1 while mutually authenticating callback signals by radio waves on the reverse route.

  In the above example, the evacuation guidance device E transmits the callback signal to the evacuation guidance device e1, and then the evacuation guidance device e1 transmits the callback signal to the evacuation guidance device e2, and at the same time, the evacuation guidance device E ←. The evacuation route data of evacuation guidance device e1 <-evacuation guidance device e2 is updated.

  Next, the evacuation guidance device e2 transmits the callback signal to the evacuation guidance device z3, and similarly calls the evacuation guidance device z2, the evacuation guidance device z1, the evacuation guidance device a2, the evacuation guidance device a1, and the evacuation guidance device A in this order. The back signal is relayed, and finally, the evacuation guidance device A → the evacuation guidance device a1 → the evacuation guidance device a2 → the evacuation guidance device z1 → the evacuation guidance device z2 → the evacuation guidance device z3 → the evacuation guidance device e2 → the evacuation guidance device e1 → An evacuation route called evacuation guidance device E is established.

  If the relay switching time between adjacent evacuation guidance devices is preset and fixed, an unexpected situation will occur and if there is a problem with the evacuation guidance device in the middle of the evacuation route during a fire The evacuation guidance device on the evacuation route may become unusable.

  In the above case, the fire report data is first transmitted by radio waves from the evacuation guidance device A by the signal of the fire sensor, and the evacuation guidance is performed by the relay method using the mutual authentication function toward the second to sixth evacuation ports 2-6. After being notified to the devices B to F, from the devices that access traffic at an early timing by organizing traffic from each of the evacuation guidance devices B to F other than the evacuation guidance device A in the vicinity of the crater by the back pressure congestion control function described later. Establish routes in order.

  Based on each evacuation route data, it is possible to repeatedly evacuate the evacuation route from the evacuation guidance device near the evacuation exit to the defective evacuation guidance device damaged by the fire or fire. Become. Furthermore, if a response signal does not return even after waiting for 1 second, a radio wave is transmitted from a certain evacuation guidance device to the next evacuation guidance device, it is determined that the next evacuation guidance device has a problem, The evacuation guidance device that has made this determination self-certifies itself as an evacuation guidance device close to the fire source.

  Further, the new evacuation route is updated by feeding back the fire source certification registration data to the evacuation guidance device located in the vicinity of the safe evacuation exit from the evacuation guidance device near the fire source and the self-authorized evacuation guidance device.

  FIG. 1C shows an evacuation guidance route from the evacuation guidance device E in the second outbound path. When the callback signal reaches the evacuation guidance device A that is the final point of the evacuation guidance route, the evacuation guidance device A starts and starts evacuation guidance using radio waves and sound.

  Evacuation guidance is provided by transmitting fire report data using radio waves and sound in the order of a1, a2, z1, z2, z3, e2, e1, and E from the evacuation guidance device A to the evacuation guidance devices B to F. Execute. As described above, since the sound data relay operation of the first outbound route stores the sound wave arrival time data with the corresponding transmitting evacuation guidance device in the receiving evacuation guidance device, the second time In the forward communication, the evacuation guidance device on the receiving side uses the sound wave arrival time data measured by the transmission / reception of the sound data of the first outbound route, so that the receiving side evacuation guidance device has a delay time longer than the sound wave arrival time data after receiving the radio wave. The evacuation guidance sound by sound is generated after it is held, and the evacuation guidance having the hearth effect or the sound source moving effect can be performed one after another.

  When sounding the above evacuation guidance sound, the sound wave arrival time data between devices has already been measured in the first outbound communication, so it is not necessary to use the same sound as the single frequency sound in the first outbound route. A suitable sound should be selected.

  If the passage of the evacuation route is a narrow bottleneck or if the walls of the passage are made of a material that easily reflects sound, there is a risk that normal voice guidance cannot expect the Hearth effect or the sound source movement effect due to the influence of the diffuse reflection. is there. In particular, there may be cases where it is impossible to understand what is being said when the guidance sound such as “Here is the evacuation exit” is diffusely reflected and spreads in the evacuation exit passage.

  Therefore, evacuation guidance is performed using noise with low directivity instead of voice guidance with high directivity which is weak against irregular reflection. As the noise, white noise, pink noise, wobble tone, multisign, and the like can be used.

  Furthermore, the sound outside the audible band causes unnecessary noise, and it is effective to limit the frequency band of noise to the audible band because unnecessary energy is used when generating the sound.

  As a reference for setting sounds that are easy to hear even for non-healthy people, considering the JIS S0013 (design guideline for consideration of elderly and disabled persons-notification sounds for consumer products), the actual frequency band is, for example, low directivity If the frequency band of noise is set in the range of 1000 to 2500 Hz, it can be said that it is the most efficient frequency band because it is a range that can be heard even by a person with excellent hearing characteristics.

  In the evacuation guidance device closest to the fire source, for example, the evacuation guidance device E, it is also conceivable to use a sound effect such as a buzzer other than the voice guidance because it is near the fire source.

  Although the communication between the evacuation guidance device A and the evacuation guidance device F has been described above, the same communication is performed for the other evacuation guidance devices B, C, D, and F. Although it is a one-to-many update, since actual communication is performed one-to-one, it is necessary to guide the next route after one route guide is completed. Here, for example, it is conceivable to transmit in ascending order using the ID numbers of the evacuation guidance devices B to F received by the evacuation guidance device A, but the order is not particularly determined by using the back pressure congestion control function described later. Even duplication of communication can be avoided.

  Further, the radio wave input / output means uses a first radio frequency used for data communication of evacuation information and a second radio frequency for transmitting / receiving a collision notification signal, and back pressure is applied to the radio wave input / output means of this second radio frequency. By providing a congestion control function, the transmission side evacuation guidance device that has detected a collision signal other than the transmitting side evacuation guidance device in communication pauses the unconnected transmission and sets it as a transmission standby state. By retrying as soon as communication is completed, problems due to connection collisions can be avoided.

  In the above, a method of sending evacuation information data after first establishing communication with one carrier frequency like a normal non-contact IC card without using two radio waves is also conceivable. In this case, it is effective when there are few evacuation routes, but when it is used in a building with a complicated structure, it may take time to establish communication by congestion control. It is necessary to select appropriately whether to do or two.

  FIG. 2A is a front view of the evacuation guidance device. This is, for example, a material obtained by applying a phosphorescent material on a metal plate having a thickness of about 2 mm, and can be fixed to a wall or a floor by inserting a screw into the mounting hole. For example, even when a fire occurs and the power line is cut by the phosphorescent material, the evacuation direction can be displayed by the emission of phosphorescence.

  FIG.2 (b) is a back surface block diagram of an evacuation guidance apparatus. A receiving antenna 10, a receiving RF circuit 11, and a demodulating circuit 12 are provided as components that receive radio waves, and an output of the demodulating circuit 12 is input to a CPU 8 that controls the whole. A microphone M is connected to the CPU 8 as a component for receiving sound, and a search signal sound (to be described later) is received and an electrical signal after mechanical-electrical conversion is supplied to the CPU 8. The CPU 8 has a built-in clock function. When a radio wave having time information is received from the evacuation guidance device or the fire center that detects the fire in the event of a fire, the time of the clock function is synchronized and the same applies to the next evacuation guidance device. The clock function of the CPU 8 is synchronized in a chained manner by relaying the radio waves. The CPU 8 is connected to a memory 9 for storing ID data and a system ROM 13.

  As a radio wave output system of the evacuation guidance device, a first modulation circuit 14, a first RF output circuit 15, a first output antenna 16, a second modulation circuit 17, a second RF output circuit 18, and a second RF circuit connected to the output terminal of the CPU 8 are used. Two output routes of the two-output antenna 19 are formed. Speakers SP, SP-R, and SP-L are connected to the CPU 8 as components that transmit sound.

  The speakers SP, SP-R, and SP-L, for example, when the sound is moved from right to left, first sound the speaker SP-R, after a predetermined delay time, sound the speaker SP, and then the same delay time. When the speaker SP-L is sounded after placing the sound, the Haas effect is produced using these three speakers, and the evacuee can know the direction of evacuation by making an illusion of the direction of sound movement.

  Power is supplied to each component from the battery B by electrical wiring means (not shown). The battery B may be an easily replaceable button battery or a general dry battery, but it is also possible to use a rechargeable battery when used in combination with a charging means as will be described later.

  In the above, when a single carrier wave is used, only the first modulation circuit 14, the first RF output circuit 15, and the first output antenna 16 are used, and the second modulation circuit 17, the second RF output circuit 18, and the second output antenna 19 are used. Is no longer necessary.

  Since the evacuation guidance device is battery-driven, there is a possibility that the battery will run out in an emergency if the power supply is always energized. In normal times, it is preferable that the output system is not energized and only the receiving system is intermittently driven. Activation trigger signals detected by intermittent driving include radio waves from the disaster prevention center and radio waves from other evacuation guidance devices. In addition to the method of starting when a command from the disaster prevention center or another evacuation guidance device is issued, a method of self-starting by detecting a temperature rise due to smoke or fire by the sensor S and a combination of the two methods are considered. It is done.

  The speaker SP to be mounted may be a normal speaker that is driven using a magnet and a voice coil. However, it is also conceivable that a sound wave is generated by vibrating the metal plate itself or another plane itself with a piezoelectric element or the like. .

  FIGS. 3A to 3C show examples of generating an evacuation route when a second building fire occurs.

FIG. 3A shows a fire report data transmission route when a second fire is detected by a command from the disaster prevention center or a temperature sensor built in the evacuation guidance device C. From the evacuation guidance device C in the vicinity of the third evacuation exit that is the source of the fire, the fire report data is transmitted by radio waves together with the search signal sound for measuring the time data for the sound wave arrival between the devices, and the second, fourth to sixth evacuation It is notified to the evacuation guidance devices B, D, E, and F by the relay method toward the mouths 2 to 6, but the fact that the fire has already started from the vicinity of the evacuation guidance device A is stored in the memory of the evacuation guidance device on all evacuation routes by the CPU. Since it is registered, the fire report data is not transmitted from the evacuation guidance device C to the evacuation guidance device A.

  Also in the first outbound communication described above, the fire report data is first transmitted from the evacuation guidance device C using radio waves and a search signal sound, and the relay method using the mutual authentication function toward the second and fourth to sixth evacuation exits The evacuation guidance devices B, D, E, and F are notified while making a call at the same time, and the CPU of each evacuation guidance device indicates that the fire report data is transmitted from the evacuation guidance device A by radio waves, and the evacuation guidance device C. In other cases, the sound wave arrival time calculated in the first outbound route and the relay route information are received and stored in the memory by the CPU.

  Here, the fire report data from the evacuation guidance device C reaches the evacuation guidance devices B, D, E, and F that are close to a safe evacuation exit.

  FIG. 3B shows a callback route of the first return route from the evacuation guidance device F near the sixth evacuation exit to the third evacuation exit. The radio waves of the callback signal are relayed while being mutually authenticated between the evacuation guidance devices in the order of evacuation guidance device F → evacuation guidance device f1 → evacuation guidance device f2. There are an evacuation guidance device a1, an evacuation guidance device b2, and an evacuation guidance device z1 around the evacuation guidance device f2, but since only the evacuation guidance device z1 is registered in the relay route information generated in the forward path, the evacuation guidance is performed. Only the device z1 receives the radio wave of the callback signal from the evacuation guidance device f2, and relays it to the evacuation guidance device z2. Similarly, the radio wave of the callback signal is relayed while mutual authentication is performed in the order of the evacuation guidance device z2, the evacuation guidance device z3, the evacuation guidance device c2, the evacuation guidance device c1, and the evacuation guidance device C.

  Also in the above, the callback signal includes the sonic arrival time data calculated by the receiving side in the outgoing notification data report route in addition to the previous notification data data.

  FIG. 3C illustrates a feedback route of radio waves and evacuation guidance sound from the evacuation guidance device C to the evacuation guidance device F. ID data in the order of evacuation guidance device C → evacuation guidance device c1 → evacuation guidance device c2 → evacuation guidance device z3 → evacuation guidance device z2 → evacuation guidance device z1 → evacuation guidance device f2 → evacuation guidance device f1 → evacuation guidance device F And evacuation guidance by following the evacuation route based on the relay route information using radio waves and evacuation guidance sound.

  Here, for example, when a failure occurs in the evacuation guidance device z2, the evacuation guidance device z1 waits for a predetermined time, for example, 0.1 second after receiving the radio wave from the evacuation guidance device z3, and then from the evacuation guidance device z2. If this signal cannot be detected, the evacuation guidance device z2 skips and generates an evacuation route using the feedback data received by the radio wave transmitted from the evacuation guidance device z3.

  The route after the evacuation guidance device z2 has been skipped due to a problem is as follows: evacuation guidance device C → evacuation guidance device c1 → evacuation guidance device c2 → evacuation guidance device z3 → evacuation guidance device z1 → evacuation guidance device f2 → evacuation guidance device If f1 → evacuation guidance device F and then the evacuation guidance sound is played, evacuation guidance device F → evacuation guidance device f1 → evacuation guidance device f2 → evacuation guidance device z1 → evacuation guidance device z3 → evacuation guidance device c2 → The order is evacuation guidance device c1 → evacuation guidance device C.

  In the above, each evacuation guidance device is provided with a back pressure congestion control function, and when a plurality of evacuation guidance devices transmit a radio wave to the next evacuation guidance device in a transmission route, the evacuation guidance device already has another route. If communication with a certain evacuation guidance device is in progress, avoid communication conflicts, wait until the connected communication is completed, establish a new communication after the connected communication is completed, and communicate the transmission route Continue. Usually, in communication using radio waves, the connection waiting time is about several tens of milliseconds, and the hearth effect or the sound source moving effect is not greatly affected by the interruption.

  Data is mutually communicated between the evacuation guidance device C and the evacuation guidance devices B, D, E, and F, and data catch ball using mutual authentication is performed. If it is destroyed by a fire, mutual authentication between the evacuation guidance device c1 and the evacuation guidance device C cannot be obtained, so information and search for contents that the evacuation guidance device c1 cannot communicate with the evacuation guidance device C are searched. A signal sound is transmitted toward the evacuation guidance devices B, D, E, and F, and instead of the evacuation guidance device C, the evacuation guidance device c1 becomes a communication partner with the evacuation guidance devices B, D, E, and F, and the back pressure is transmitted. Execute evacuation guidance voice guidance using the radio wave communication using the congestion control function and the hearth effect.

  By the above mechanism, even if the evacuation guidance device C is damaged and the communication function cannot be used, the evacuation route from the evacuation guidance device F near the safe exit to the evacuation guidance device c1 near the dangerous place due to the fire is established. It is possible to continue guiding by the sound source moving effect. Furthermore, even if a fire spreads and various dangerous zones occur, as long as the evacuation guidance device close to a safe evacuation port functions, evacuation guidance can be performed by moving the sound source toward the evacuation port.

  FIG. 4 shows a functional block diagram of the evacuation guidance device used in the evacuation guidance system of the present invention. The CPU 8 operates by a program incorporated in the system ROM 13, and reads out and sends out ID data of the evacuation guidance device 7 from the memory 9 that stores ID data as necessary, thereby performing mutual authentication on the surrounding evacuation guidance devices. Make it possible.

  When a fire occurs, the fire sensor installed in the building operates and is notified to the disaster prevention center. When the operator of the disaster prevention center issues a fire report, a notification radio wave is sent from a fire notification antenna (not shown) installed in the room. The notification radio wave is received by the reception antenna 10 and the fire notification is received. The received data is received at the frequency selected by the reception RF circuit 11 and the fire is recognized by the CPU 8 via the demodulation circuit 12.

  In the above, the fire occurrence information is notified from the fire sensor to the disaster prevention center, but it is also conceivable that the CPU 8 directly detects the fire or smoke by attaching the sensor S to the CPU 8.

  When the CPU 8 detects a fire with the detection signal from the sensor S, the CPU 8 generates a fire alarm signal and uses a radio frequency different from that received from the disaster prevention center and different from that received from the disaster prevention center. Data is sent to the first modulation circuit 14 or the second modulation circuit 17.

  The search signal sound and the evacuation guidance voice are output from the speaker SP connected to the acoustic amplifier AMP under the control of the CPU, the voice from the adjacent evacuation guidance device is received by the microphone M, and the radio wave from the antenna is controlled by the CPU. The distance between the adjacent evacuation guidance device is calculated by dividing the difference between the reception timing and the voice reception timing by the sonic velocity calculated using the specified or room temperature.

  When the fire alarm signal is sent from the CPU 8 to the first modulation circuit 14, radio waves are output from the antenna 16 through the first RF output circuit 15.

  When a search signal sound or a callback signal is sent from the CPU 8 to the second modulation circuit 17, a radio wave is output from the antenna 19 via the second RF output circuit 18.

  When the evacuation guidance device 7 is the evacuation guidance devices A to F in FIG. 1A, as described above, the evacuation guidance device 7 receives the radio wave from the unillustrated fire notification antenna and adjoins the evacuation guidance devices a1, b1, c1. , D1, e1, f1 and a frequency different from the frequency received from the fire notification antenna, the evacuation guidance devices other than the evacuation guidance devices A to F can transmit and receive at two frequencies, and further. If frequency hopping is performed, stable radio wave communication is possible even in a fire site where various obstacles occur, so that data can be relayed reliably.

  If there is a corner on the evacuation route, speakers SP-R and SP-L are added and connected to the acoustic amplifier AMP, and the speaker SP-R is placed on the right side when viewed from the front of the corner of the evacuation route. The speaker SP is arranged at the corner and the speaker SP-L is arranged on the left side.

  Here, the evacuation sound is generated in the order of (speaker SP-R) → (speaker SP) → (speaker SP-L) with a delay of, for example, 10 ms, so that evacuation is ensured even at the corner. You will be able to tell the direction. As another means of recognizing the direction of evacuation, there is another method of instructing the direction using blinking using, for example, an LED, etc., but if smoke is generated by a fire, the visibility may deteriorate due to the smoke In this case, direction indication by sound is more effective than light.

  FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of an evacuation guidance device having a charging function used in the evacuation guidance system of the present invention. In addition to the functions of the evacuation guidance device 7, the evacuation guidance device 7 a includes a second receiving antenna 20 that receives a carrier wave for charging, a second reception RF circuit 21, a rectifier circuit 22 that converts the carrier wave into direct current, and a charging battery 23. Is provided.

  When the evacuation guidance device 7 a is the evacuation guidance devices A to F in FIG. 1, the second receiving antenna 20 receives a carrier wave included in the radio wave from the disaster prevention center. The radio wave from the disaster prevention center depends on the frequency to be used, but if the output cannot be very large due to the need to comply with the Radio Law, the distance between adjacent evacuation guidance devices is within the range where the radio wave to be used can reach. Must be installed.

  When the voltage level of the charging battery 23 charged by the rectifier circuit is detected by the CPU 8 and exceeds a first predetermined value, when the predetermined time has elapsed, the switch 24 is closed by a command from the CPU 8, and the charging battery 23 receives the second voltage from the charging battery 23. A direct current is supplied to the modulation circuit 17 to generate an unmodulated second carrier wave, and an unmodulated radio wave of only the carrier wave is output from the second output antenna 19 through the second RF output circuit 18.

  The unmodulated radio wave of only the carrier wave is received by the second receiving antenna 20 of the adjacent evacuation guidance device 7a and charges the charging battery 23.

  The discharging of the rechargeable battery 23 is continued until the CPU 8 detects that the voltage value has reached the second predetermined value, and the CPU 8 confirms that the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 23 has reached the second predetermined value. The switch 24 is closed in response to the command, and charging of the charging battery 23 is resumed by the radio wave received by the second receiving antenna 20.

  As each evacuation guidance apparatus repeats charging / discharging of the charging battery 23 as described above, the charging battery 23 of the adjacent evacuation guidance apparatus can maintain at least the second predetermined voltage, so that the power supply voltage becomes low in the event of a fire. The problem of the evacuation guidance device not working can be prevented.

  Also, a battery checker function for monitoring the voltage value of the rechargeable battery 23 is provided. For example, when the voltage of the rechargeable battery 23 becomes lower than a set value, the LED blinks or a warning signal is sent from the CPU 8. By sending a warning signal to the antenna that leads to the disaster prevention center by a bucket relay, it can be centrally managed by the disaster prevention center.

  In the above embodiment, the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are separated, but it is also conceivable to share the antenna by time division. The process using the radio wave from the sensor S as a trigger is the same as that in FIG.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of communication between the evacuation guidance device A and the evacuation guidance device E in the evacuation guidance system of the present invention. On the horizontal axis, the evacuation guidance devices A, a1, a2, z1, z2, z3, e2, e1, and E are arranged in this order. The vertical axis indicates information transmission routes with arrows in time series from top to bottom.

  When a fire is first detected by the evacuation guidance device A along the first outbound path, the fire notification data is a bucket in the order of the evacuation guidance device A → a1 → a2 → z1 → z2 → z3 → e2 → e1 → E. Relayed. Each evacuation guidance apparatus transmits the fire report data by reception and transmission while performing mutual authentication, and a search signal sound for distance measurement is emitted. For example, the route data in the data sent from the evacuation guidance device z1 is A · a1 · a2, and the route data relayed from the evacuation guidance device e1 is A · a1 · a2 · z1 · z2 · z3 · e2. When the evacuation guidance device E receives the first evacuation route data A, a1, a2, z1, z2, z3, e2, and e1, the fire source is near the evacuation guidance device A and is closest to the evacuation guidance device E by the evacuation route The CPU 8 recognizes that the evacuation guidance device is the evacuation guidance device e1.

  Next, along the first return path, the evacuation guidance device E transmits a callback signal using radio waves toward the evacuation guidance device A in the direction opposite to the evacuation route.

  Since the radio wave of the callback signal includes the first evacuation route data A, a1, a2, z1, z2, z3, e2, and e1, each evacuation guidance device on the evacuation route determines which evacuation wave It is transmitted from the guidance device, and it can be confirmed which evacuation guidance device should be relayed.

  When the radio wave is received by the blame guidance device A that is the end of the evacuation route data, an evacuation guidance sound and a control radio wave are transmitted from the evacuation guidance device A to the evacuation guidance device E along the second forward path, Each evacuation guidance device transmits a search signal sound one after another with a predetermined time difference along the evacuation route. When a fire breaks out near the evacuation guidance device A, based on the evacuation route data, radio waves and sound are generated using the back pressure congestion control function from the evacuation guidance device A closest to the fire source to the evacuation guidance devices B to F. The evacuation guidance is executed.

  When the evacuation guidance is over, the evacuation guidance device E transmits a callback signal again by radio waves and sound, and along the third return path, E → e1 → e2 → z3 → z2 → z1 → a2 → a1 → A. Evacuation route data is relayed using radio waves in order.

  Here, for example, if the evacuation guidance device A is damaged and a malfunction occurs when the second callback signal is sent, the search signal sound reaches only the evacuation guidance device a1. If the callback signal cannot be received from the evacuation guidance device A even after waiting for a predetermined time, for example, 0.5 seconds, the evacuation guidance device a1 considers that the evacuation guidance device A has failed. Therefore, the evacuation guidance device a1 uses its own ID as fire source information, and transmits a search signal sound through the reverse route of the first evacuation route data A, a1, a2, z1, z2, z3, e2, e1, and E. Thus, the second evacuation route data a2, z1, z2, z3, e2, e1, and E are generated by removing the evacuation guidance device A in the evacuation guidance device E.

  Next, when the search signal sound from the evacuation guidance device E reaches the evacuation guidance device a1 closest to the source of the fire by the third return route, the evacuation guidance device a1 moves along the fourth forward route to the evacuation guidance device a1 → a2 → z1 →. While performing mutual authentication in the order of z2 → z3 → e2 → e1 → E, the fire source information (in this case, the evacuation guidance device a1) and the transmission source ID data are sent back by radio waves and a search signal sound is transmitted between the evacuation guidance devices. It repeats to the evacuation guidance device E while performing mutual authentication and measuring the distance between the devices.

  As described above, after sending out the fire report data and search signal sound from the blame guidance device closest to the fire location, a callback signal is sent in the direction of the evacuation route from the evacuation guidance device in a safe position, and the evacuation When a callback signal arrives at the evacuation guidance device that is closest to the fire location and is not damaged by the route, the evacuation guidance sound and radio waves from the evacuation guidance device that is closest to the fire location and is not damaged in turn along the evacuation route The guidance sound has a hearth effect or a sound source movement effect to guide the evacuation direction.

  In addition, even if a failure occurs in an evacuation guidance device in the middle of an evacuation route due to a cause other than a fire, if the radio wave from the evacuation guidance device next to the evacuation guidance device that caused the failure can be caught, the defective device is skipped. If the program of the CPU 8 is set, the callback signal can be surely relayed by the bucket relay system by the skip operation, so that it is possible to safely carry out the blame guidance.

  Furthermore, from the evacuation guidance device that detects a fire in the vicinity of the fire location, if not only the guidance sound but also an alarm sound such as a siren is used, it will guide to the evacuation exit by the hearth effect and notify the fire location as a dangerous location You can also

  In the above-described embodiment, the evacuation guidance system of the present invention can be connected to a monitoring room system and a plurality of evacuation guidance devices via a wireless LAN, for example, if it is used in cooperation with a wireless entry / exit management system or the like. It can be used in combination with a system that operates even in an emergency. In this case, since the entrance / exit management system and the like can be operated in normal times and the evacuation guidance system can be operated only in an emergency, the facilities can be effectively used. Furthermore, in addition to the sensors for detecting fire and smoke that are built in / externally installed in the evacuation guidance device, sensors for detecting human body temperature, such as pyroelectric infrared sensors, can be attached to the evacuation guidance system at night. It can also be used as an intrusion detection system.

  FIG. 7A shows the frequency characteristics of white noise. In the present invention, the partial noise shown in FIG. 7B is extracted from the entire white noise and used as an evacuation guidance sound.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of a white noise generating circuit. A Zener diode HZ5 is used as a source of white noise, a negative power source is connected to the anode side, and a positive power source is connected to the resistor R1.

The first-stage operational amplifier OP1 is a differentiating circuit, and has a voltage amplification factor of (1 + R3 / Zc), where Zc is the impedance of a resistor-capacitor series circuit composed of a resistor R2 and a capacitor C1. Here, Zc is the applied AC voltage e (t) and the maximum voltage amplitude is E ₀ .
e (t) = E ₀ sin (2πft)
When Ec = ZcE ₀ / (R ₀ ² + Zc ² ) ^1/2 , Zc is as follows.
Zc = R0 (Ec / E0) / {1- (Ec / E0) ² } ^1/2

  In the above, since the polarity of the voltage of the high frequency component is reversed in the next cycle before the capacitor is charged, current always flows in the capacitor, and the circuit is the same as when there is no capacitor. Therefore, the voltage amplification factor G becomes G = 1 + R3 / R2.

Further, when the frequency is low, since the charge in the capacitor accumulates the output voltage falls, the voltage amplification factor is lower than when the frequency is high, the cut-off frequency f ₀ is as follows.
f ₀ = 1 / 2πC1 · R2

  The next-stage operational amplifier OP2 is also a non-inverting amplifier circuit, and the voltage amplification factor is (1 + R6 / R5). This output passes through the resistor R7, and a signal of only a predetermined band frequency passes through the band pass filter 25.

  When white noise is applied to a low-pass filter of -3 dB / octave, pink noise is generated. Therefore, if pink noise is used instead of white noise, a low of -3 dB / octave is set before the band-pass filter 25. A band pass filter should be inserted.

  FIG. 9 shows a circuit example of a band pass filter. The input is white noise of the input signal 26 of the band-pass filter 25 in FIG. 8, and the output is part of the band-limited white noise that becomes the output signal of the band-pass filter 25.

The cutoff frequency by the high-pass filter composed of the capacitor C10 and the resistor R10 is f ₀ L = 1 / 2π * C10 * R10. For example, if the resistor R10 is 33 kΩ and the capacitor C10 is 5 pF, f ₀ L is 965 Hz. Become.

Since the cutoff frequency by the low-pass filter composed of the capacitor C11 and the resistor R11 is f ₀ H = 1 / 2π * C11 * R11, for example, if the resistor R11 is 33 kΩ and the capacitor C11 is 2 pF, f ₀ H is 2413 Hz.

  With the above time constant setting, a band-pass filter that passes a band from about 1 kHz to about 2.5 kHz using the operational amplifier OP3 is formed.

  10A to 10C show a format example of data communication using search signal sound. As the format, for example, an infrared format of NEC (trademark registration) style can be used. The format shown in FIG. 10A is composed of a reader code 28, a custom code 30, a data code 31, an inverted code 32 of the data code, and a stop bit 33, and has a frequency between 5 kHz and 10 kHz. It can communicate using sound by modulating the carrier wave.

  The leader code 28 is output with an ID pulse 29 having a time width of 9 ms, followed by a blank of 4.5 ms, and is distinguished from the subsequent pulse group by a completely different configuration.

  The custom code 30 is set for the purpose of distinguishing it from neighboring systems, for example, when it is installed on a plurality of floors in a high-rise building. The NEC (trademark registered) format infrared format uses 16 bits and may be applied accordingly.

  The data code 31 and its inversion code 32 are numbers for distinguishing within the system group to which they belong. For example, when they are installed on a plurality of floors in a high-rise building, numbers on the same floor are assigned.

  In the custom code 30, the data code 31, and the inverted code 32, when the data is 1, the waveform is as shown in FIG. 10B, and when the data is 0, the waveform is as shown in FIG. ing.

  When the data is 1, as shown in FIG. 10B, the pulse 35 rises after the reference pulse 34 having the pulse width t1 and the OFF state continues for the period t2. Here, for example, the pulse width t1 may be 0.56 ms and the off period t2 may be 2.25 ms.

  When the data is 0, as shown in FIG. 10C, the pulse 36 rises after the reference pulse 34 having the pulse width t1 and the OFF state continues for the period t3. Here, the pulse width t1 is set to 0.56 ms in the same manner as described above, and the off period t3 is set to 1.125 ms, so that the length is 1.25 times as long as 2.25 times the off period t2 when the data is 0. Make distinction easier.

  Even in buildings where a centralized evacuation guidance system is not installed, the evacuation guidance system of the present invention can be retrofitted so that when evacuation guidance occurs due to a fire, the evacuation route is a bottleneck and the reflected sound Evacuation guidance sound with sufficient hearth effect can be effectively evacuated even in an environment where there is a permanent presence, and an automatic route is appropriately generated by the call method, so a highly reliable evacuation guidance system Can provide.

(A) Fire report data report route when fire breaks out only near the first evacuation exit (b) Callback signal report route from the evacuation guidance device E to the evacuation guidance device A (c) Evacuation guidance voice from the evacuation guidance device E root (A) Front view of evacuation guidance device (b) Rear view configuration diagram of evacuation guidance device (A) Example of evacuation route generation when the second building fire occurs (b) Callback route from the sixth evacuation port to the second fire point (c) From the sixth evacuation port to the second fire point Evacuation guidance route guidance Functional block diagram of evacuation guidance system Block diagram of evacuation guidance system with charging function Example of communication between evacuation guidance device A and evacuation guidance device E (A) Frequency distribution diagram of white noise (b) Frequency distribution diagram of partial noise extracted from white noise Example of white noise generation circuit Bandpass filter circuit example (A) Search signal sound format (b) Signal format when data is 1 (c) Signal format when data is 0

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... 1st evacuation exit, 2 ... 2nd evacuation exit, 3 ... 3rd evacuation exit, 4 ... 4th evacuation exit, 5 ... 5th evacuation exit, 6 ... 6th evacuation exit, 7 ... Evacuation guidance device, 7a ... Evacuation guidance device with charging function, 8 ... CPU, 9 ... Memory for storing ID data, 10 ... First receiving antenna, 11 ... Receiving RF circuit, 12 ... Demodulating circuit, 13 ... System ROM, 14 ... First modulation Circuit: 15 ... first RF output circuit, 16 ... first output antenna, 17 ... second modulation circuit, 18 ... second RF output circuit, 19 ... second output antenna, 20 ... second reception antenna, 21 ... second reception RF Circuit: 22 ... Rectifier circuit, 23 ... Rechargeable battery, 24 ... Switch, 25 ... Band pass filter, 26 ... Input signal, 27 ... Output signal, 28 ... Reader code, 29 ... ID pulse, 30 ... Custom code 31 ... Data code, 32 ... Inverted data code, 33 ... Stop pulse, 34 ... Reference pulse, 35 ... Output signal, 36 ... Output signal, AMP ... Acoustic amplifier, B ... Battery, M ... Microphone, S ... Sensor SP, SP-R, SP-L ... speakers.

This evacuation guidance system also transmits and receives ID data and guidance route data together with transmission / reception route information , ID data for distinguishing individual evacuation guidance devices equipped with speakers from other evacuation guidance devices, a CPU having a clock function, and the like . automatic comprising a radio transmitting and receiving means, when a fire breaks out, by the guide route from the evacuation guidance device in the vicinity of the fire until the evacuation guidance device in the vicinity of safe haven port by taking a chain to roll call the ID data and the CPU for Generate and confirm the guidance route from the evacuation guidance device near the safe evacuation exit to the evacuation guidance device closest to the fire source on the reverse route of the guidance route, and then along the confirmed guidance route It is also conceivable that speakers provided in the individual evacuation guidance devices guide the evacuation route from the vicinity of the fire to the safe evacuation exit. The evacuation guidance device incorporates an ID-identifiable data carrier and memory, and evacuates adjacent to the evacuation guidance device using a fire sensor built in the evacuation guidance device near the fire or an external fire sensor. If the guide device receives the fire information and transmits the fire information in sequence using the bucket relay system that transmits the signal to the adjacent evacuation guide device, the route to reach the exit evacuation guide device is generated. It is also possible to write the route data into the memory while calling back the route information after.

In order to solve the above problems, in the evacuation guidance system of the present invention,
In the evacuation guidance system using the illusion that the sound source moves by emitting the evacuation guidance sound with a time difference along the evacuation route from a plurality of speakers installed at predetermined intervals,
This evacuation guidance system has transmission / reception means using radio waves, the speaker is incorporated in each evacuation guidance device, and each evacuation guidance device has ID data that distinguishes itself from other evacuation guidance devices and a clock function. When a fire is detected by the CPU, evacuation route guidance is performed by alternately repeating (2) and (3) after the following steps (1), (2), and (3) did.
(1) Using the transmission / reception means, each evacuation guidance device from the evacuation guidance device near the source of the fire to the evacuation guidance device near the safe exit is used to guide each evacuation from the evacuation guidance device near the source of the fire to itself. Bucket relay of the evacuation route data to the evacuation guidance device in the vicinity of a safe evacuation exit, which is automatically generated by the CPU using the ID data of the device, is chain-synchronized while synchronizing the time with the clock function of the CPU.
(2) Using the transmission / reception means, each evacuation guidance device from the evacuation guidance device in the vicinity of the safe evacuation exit to the evacuation guidance device closest to the fire place on the evacuation route and not afflicted has received ID data. While using the mutual authentication, relay transmission of evacuation route data is performed on the reverse route of the evacuation route.
(3) Each evacuation guidance device from the evacuation guidance device closest to the fire place on the evacuation route to the evacuation guidance device near the safe evacuation exit is evacuated by radio waves as in (1). The bucket relays the data and guides the evacuation route along the evacuation route by the evacuation guidance sound emitted from the speaker.

In the above case, the fire report data is first transmitted by radio waves from the evacuation guidance device A by the signal of the fire sensor, and the evacuation guidance is performed by the relay method using the mutual authentication function toward the second to sixth evacuation ports 2-6. After being notified to the devices B to F, from the devices that access the traffic at an early timing by organizing traffic from each of the evacuation guidance devices B to F other than the evacuation guidance device A near the source of the fire by the back pressure congestion control function described later. Establish routes in order.

Claims (3)

In an evacuation guidance system using an illusion that a sound source moves by emitting a sound with a time difference along a evacuation route from a plurality of speakers installed at predetermined intervals, the sound emitted from the speaker is directional. An evacuation guidance system characterized by low narrowband noise. 2. The evacuation guidance system according to claim 1, wherein the narrowband noise is obtained by cutting out a frequency band of 1000 to 2500 Hz from white noise, pink noise, wobble tone, or multi-sine sound. . The evacuation guidance system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the speaker is incorporated in each evacuation guidance device, each evacuation guidance device has ID data for distinguishing itself from other evacuation guidance devices, and a clock function. When a fire breaks out, a guide route from the evacuation guidance device near the fire to the evacuation guidance device near the safe exit is automatically generated by the ID data and the CPU. An evacuation guidance system in which a speaker provided in each evacuation guidance device guides the evacuation route from the vicinity of the fire to a safe evacuation exit on a route opposite to the guidance route.

Images