JP2009100596A - Electronic device - Google Patents

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JP2009100596A
JP2009100596A JP2007271462A JP2007271462A JP2009100596A JP 2009100596 A JP2009100596 A JP 2009100596A JP 2007271462 A JP2007271462 A JP 2007271462A JP 2007271462 A JP2007271462 A JP 2007271462A JP 2009100596 A JP2009100596 A JP 2009100596A
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battery
load
remaining capacity
charging
electronic device
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JP5178137B2 (en
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Takahiro Yamashita
孝浩 山下
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To quickly make a load usable while charging a battery. <P>SOLUTION: The electronic device includes a load 2 whose electrical resistance drops when a temperature drops, a rechargable battery 1 which supplies power to the load 2, and a charging circuit 3 for the battery 1. The charging circuit 3 has a charge switch 6 which is connected to the input side of the battery 1 for controlling charging of the battery 1 from a power source circuit 5, a discharge switch 7 which is connected between the battery 1 and the load 2 for controlling the state where the power of the battery 1 is supplied to the load 2, and a control circuit 8 which detects remaining capacity of the battery 1 to control the charge switch 6 and the discharge switch 7. The control circuit 8 charges the battery 1 by turning off the discharge switch 7 and turning on the charge switch 6 when detecting that the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is smaller than a set remaining capacity by comparing them, and supplies power from the battery 1 to the load 2 by turning on the discharge switch 7 when detecting that the battery 1 has been charged up to the set remaining capacity. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、温度で電気抵抗が変化する負荷と、この負荷に電力を供給する充電できる電池を内蔵する電子機器に関する。   The present invention relates to an electronic device including a load whose electrical resistance varies with temperature and a rechargeable battery for supplying power to the load.

電池を電源とするアンカなどの電子機器は、加温するためのヒーターと、このヒーターに電力を供給する電池を内蔵している。この電子機器は、外部電力が接続されていない状態にあっては、内蔵電池より供給される電力によってヒーターを加温する。また、電池を充電するための外部電力が接続されている状態においては、電池を充電するために供給される電力をヒーターに供給して、外部電力でヒーターを加温して、電池の消耗を少なくできる。ただ、ヒーターは、温度が低くなると電気抵抗が小さくなる。たとえば、アンカに使用されるＰＴＣヒーターは、温度が低い状態で電気抵抗が極めて小さくなって電流が８〜１０Ａと極めて大きくなり、所定の温度まで加温された後は、平均電流が１〜２Ａに減少する。ＰＴＣヒーターは、加温されるまでの電流は大きいが、この大電流によって速やかに加温される特徴がある。ヒーターの発熱が電流の二乗に比例して大きくなるからである。したがって、ＰＴＣヒーターは、加温されない状態で、電気抵抗の小さい特性によって、速やかに短時間で設定温度に加温される特徴がある。電池は一時的な大電流に強く、ＰＴＣヒーターに通電して速やかに加温する。ただ、電池を充電する電源は、一時的にも大電流を許容するように設計するとコストが著しく高価になる。このため、電池を充電するための電源回路は、電池を最適な状態で充電できる出力電流に設計される。このため、この電源回路からヒーターに電力を供給しながら電池を充電すると、ヒーターに供給される電力が相当に小さくなる。ヒーターは、供給電力が小さいと、所定の温度に上昇するのに極めて時間がかかる欠点がある。それは、常に放熱しながら加温されることから、発熱量から放熱量を減算した熱エネルギーで温度が上昇するからである。   An electronic device such as an anchor that uses a battery as a power source incorporates a heater for heating and a battery that supplies power to the heater. When the electronic device is in a state where no external power is connected, the heater is heated by the power supplied from the built-in battery. In addition, in the state where the external power for charging the battery is connected, the power supplied to charge the battery is supplied to the heater, the heater is heated with the external power, and the battery is consumed. Less. However, the electrical resistance of the heater decreases as the temperature decreases. For example, a PTC heater used for an anchor has a very low electric resistance and a very high current of 8 to 10 A in a low temperature state. After heating to a predetermined temperature, the average current is 1 to 2 A. To decrease. A PTC heater has a large current until it is heated, but it is characterized by being quickly heated by this large current. This is because the heat generated by the heater increases in proportion to the square of the current. Therefore, the PTC heater is characterized in that it is quickly heated to the set temperature in a short time due to the characteristic of low electrical resistance when not heated. The battery is resistant to a temporary large current and is heated quickly by energizing the PTC heater. However, if the power source for charging the battery is designed so as to allow a large current temporarily, the cost becomes extremely high. For this reason, the power supply circuit for charging the battery is designed with an output current that can charge the battery in an optimum state. For this reason, if the battery is charged while power is supplied from the power supply circuit to the heater, the power supplied to the heater is considerably reduced. The heater has a drawback that it takes a very long time to rise to a predetermined temperature when the supplied power is small. This is because the temperature rises with the heat energy obtained by subtracting the heat release amount from the heat generation amount because the heat is always released while releasing heat.

したがって、温度で電気抵抗が変化する負荷に電源から電力を供給しながら電池を充電すると、負荷の電力供給量が制限されて、負荷を正常に動作できない欠点がある。この欠点は、たとえば、負荷の電力消費を制限しながら電池を充電して解消できる。負荷の電力消費を電池の残容量で制限する技術は、種々の電子機器に利用される。（特許文献１ないし３参照）。
特開平７−２８１７９８号公報 特開２００１−２４５１９５号公報 特開２００６−２８５６５１号公報 Therefore, if the battery is charged while supplying power from a power supply to a load whose electrical resistance varies with temperature, there is a drawback that the load power supply amount is limited and the load cannot be operated normally. This drawback can be eliminated, for example, by charging the battery while limiting the power consumption of the load. A technique for limiting the power consumption of a load with the remaining capacity of a battery is used in various electronic devices. (See Patent Documents 1 to 3).
JP-A-7-281798 JP 2001-245195 A JP 2006-285651 A

しかしながら、電池の残容量で負荷の消費電力をコントロールする技術は、負荷の種類によっては、種々の弊害が発生する。たとえば、前述したＰＴＣヒーターにあっては、温度上昇に時間がかかって速やかに使用状態にできない欠点がある。   However, the technology for controlling the power consumption of the load with the remaining capacity of the battery has various problems depending on the type of load. For example, the above-described PTC heater has a drawback that it takes time to rise in temperature and cannot be used immediately.

本発明は、さらにこの欠点を解決することを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、電池を充電しながら負荷を速やかに使用状態にできる電子機器を提供することにある。   The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving this drawback. An important object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device that can quickly put a load into use while charging a battery.

本発明の電子機器は、前述の目的を達成するために以下の構成を備える。
電子機器は、温度が低下すると電気抵抗が小さくなる負荷２と、この負荷２に電力を供給する充電できる電池１と、この電池１の充電回路３とを備える。充電回路３は、電池１の入力側に接続されて、電源回路５からの電池１の充電を制御する充電スイッチ６と、電池１と負荷２との間に接続されて、電池１の電力を負荷２に供給する状態を制御する放電スイッチ７と、電池１の残容量を検出して充電スイッチ６と放電スイッチ７を制御する制御回路８とを備える。制御回路８は、電池１の残容量を設定残容量に比較して、設定残容量よりも小さいことを検出すると、放電スイッチ７をオフにして充電スイッチ６をオンにして電池１を充電し、電池１が設定残容量まで充電されたことを検出すると、放電スイッチ７をオンに切り換えて電池１から負荷２に電力を供給するように制御する。 The electronic device of the present invention has the following configuration in order to achieve the above-described object.
The electronic device includes a load 2 whose electrical resistance decreases as the temperature decreases, a battery 1 that can be charged to supply power to the load 2, and a charging circuit 3 for the battery 1. The charging circuit 3 is connected to the input side of the battery 1 and connected between the charging switch 6 that controls the charging of the battery 1 from the power supply circuit 5 and the battery 1 and the load 2. A discharge switch 7 that controls the state of supply to the load 2 and a control circuit 8 that detects the remaining capacity of the battery 1 and controls the charge switch 6 and the discharge switch 7 are provided. When the control circuit 8 compares the remaining capacity of the battery 1 with the set remaining capacity and detects that it is smaller than the set remaining capacity, the control circuit 8 turns off the discharge switch 7 and turns on the charge switch 6 to charge the battery 1. When it is detected that the battery 1 has been charged to the set remaining capacity, the discharge switch 7 is switched on to control power supply from the battery 1 to the load 2.

本発明の請求項２の電子機器は、負荷２がヒーター４で、電子機器がアンカである。本発明の請求項３の電子機器は、負荷２がＰＴＣヒーター４Ａで、電子機器がアンカである。   In the electronic device according to the second aspect of the present invention, the load 2 is the heater 4 and the electronic device is an anchor. In the electronic device according to claim 3 of the present invention, the load 2 is the PTC heater 4A and the electronic device is an anchor.

本発明の請求項４の電子機器は、制御回路８が、電池１の電圧と電流と充放電時間のいずれかから残容量を検出する。さらに、本発明の請求項５の電子機器は、電池１を充電する電源回路５をＡＣアダプタ９としている。   In the electronic device according to claim 4 of the present invention, the control circuit 8 detects the remaining capacity from any one of the voltage, current and charge / discharge time of the battery 1. In the electronic device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the power supply circuit 5 for charging the battery 1 is an AC adapter 9.

本発明の電子機器は、電池を充電しながら負荷を速やかに使用状態にできる特徴がある。それは、本発明の電子機器が、制御回路でもって、電池の残容量が小さいことを検出すると、放電スイッチをオフにして充電スイッチをオンにして電池を充電し、電池を設定残容量まで充電した状態で、放電スイッチをオンに切り換えて電池から負荷に電力を供給するからである。すなわち、本発明は、一時的な大電流放電を許容する電池の特性を巧妙に利用することで、電池を電源回路で所定の残容量まで充電して、電池から負荷に電力を供給して負荷を速やかに動作状態にする。このため、電源の出力電流を大きくすることなく、負荷に大電流を供給して速やかに動作状態にできる特徴がある。   The electronic device of the present invention is characterized in that the load can be quickly put into use while charging the battery. When the electronic device of the present invention detects that the remaining capacity of the battery is small with the control circuit, the discharge switch is turned off and the charge switch is turned on to charge the battery, and the battery is charged to the set remaining capacity. This is because, in this state, the discharge switch is turned on to supply power from the battery to the load. That is, the present invention skillfully utilizes the characteristics of a battery that allows temporary large-current discharge to charge the battery to a predetermined remaining capacity with a power supply circuit and supply power from the battery to the load. Is immediately put into operation. For this reason, there is a feature that a large current can be supplied to the load and the operation state can be quickly achieved without increasing the output current of the power source.

以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するための電子機器を例示するものであって、本発明は電子機器を以下のものに特定しない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below exemplify electronic devices for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify electronic devices as follows.

さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を理解しやすいように、実施例に示される部材に対応する番号を、「特許請求の範囲」および「課題を解決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記している。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。   Further, in this specification, for easy understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

図１の電子機器は、温度が低下すると電気抵抗が小さくなる負荷２と、この負荷２に電力を供給する充電できる電池１と、この電池１の充電回路３とを備える。以下、電子機器をアンカとする実施例を記載する。アンカは、電池１から電力を供給して発熱するヒーター４を負荷２として内蔵している。ヒーター４は、ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａである。ただ、ヒーターには、ニクロム線ヒーターなども使用できる。ヒーター４は、低温で電気抵抗が小さく、温度が上昇するにしたがって電気抵抗が大きくなる特性がある。とくに、ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａは、低温と高温とで電気抵抗が大幅に変化する。したがって、負荷２をＰＴＣヒーター４Ａとする電子機器において、本発明はとくに有効である。ただし、本発明は、負荷をヒーターに特定せず、また、電子機器をアンカに特定しない。温度が低い状態で電気抵抗の小さくなる負荷と、この負荷に電力を供給する電池と、電池の充電回路とを内蔵する全ての電子機器とすることができる。   The electronic device of FIG. 1 includes a load 2 whose electrical resistance decreases as the temperature decreases, a battery 1 that can be charged to supply power to the load 2, and a charging circuit 3 for the battery 1. Hereinafter, an embodiment in which an electronic device is used as an anchor will be described. The anchor incorporates, as a load 2, a heater 4 that generates heat by supplying power from the battery 1. The heater 4 is a PTC heater 4A. However, nichrome wire heaters can be used as heaters. The heater 4 has a characteristic that the electrical resistance is small at a low temperature, and the electrical resistance increases as the temperature rises. In particular, the electrical resistance of the PTC heater 4A varies greatly between a low temperature and a high temperature. Therefore, the present invention is particularly effective in an electronic device in which the load 2 is a PTC heater 4A. However, the present invention does not specify the load as a heater and does not specify the electronic device as an anchor. All electronic devices including a load with low electrical resistance at a low temperature, a battery for supplying power to the load, and a battery charging circuit can be provided.

電池１は、充電できるリチウムイオン電池である。ただし、電池には、リチウムイオン二次電池に代わってニッケル水素電池やニッケルカドミウム電池などの充電できる全ての電池を使用できる。電池１は、所定の時間、アンカにあっては６〜１０時間、ヒーター４に電力を供給できる電圧と容量を有する。したがって、アンカにあっては、複数の素電池が直列又は並列に接続される。   The battery 1 is a rechargeable lithium ion battery. However, any rechargeable battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a nickel cadmium battery can be used in place of the lithium ion secondary battery. The battery 1 has a voltage and a capacity capable of supplying power to the heater 4 for a predetermined time, 6 to 10 hours in the case of an anchor. Therefore, in the anchor, a plurality of unit cells are connected in series or in parallel.

充電回路３は、電池１の入力側に接続されて電源回路５からの電池１の充電を制御する充電スイッチ６と、電池１と負荷２との間に接続されて電池１の電力を負荷２に供給する状態を制御する放電スイッチ７と、電池１の残容量を検出して充電スイッチ６と放電スイッチ７を制御する制御回路８とを備える。   The charging circuit 3 is connected to the input side of the battery 1 and controls the charging of the battery 1 from the power supply circuit 5. The charging circuit 3 is connected between the battery 1 and the load 2 and supplies the power of the battery 1 to the load 2. A discharge switch 7 for controlling the state supplied to the battery 1 and a control circuit 8 for detecting the remaining capacity of the battery 1 and controlling the charge switch 6 and the discharge switch 7.

充電スイッチ６と放電スイッチ７は、制御回路８でオンオフに制御されるＦＥＴである。ただ、充電スイッチと放電スイッチには、ＦＥＴ以外の半導体スイッチング素子が使用でき、またリレーも使用できる。充電スイッチ６は、オンの状態で電池１を充電し、オフの状態で電池１の充電を停止する。放電スイッチ７は、オンの状態で負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａに電力を供給し、オフ状態で負荷２への電力供給を停止する。   The charge switch 6 and the discharge switch 7 are FETs that are controlled on and off by the control circuit 8. However, semiconductor switching elements other than FETs can be used for the charge switch and the discharge switch, and relays can also be used. The charging switch 6 charges the battery 1 in the on state and stops charging the battery 1 in the off state. The discharge switch 7 supplies power to the PTC heater 4A of the load 2 in the on state, and stops supplying power to the load 2 in the off state.

制御手段、あるいは制御部として機能する制御回路８は、電池１の残容量を検出して、電池１の充電を制御する。電池の残容量は、電池の電圧を検出し、あるいは充放電する電流の積算値から検出される。電池は残容量によって電圧が変化するので、電圧から残容量を検出できる。この制御回路は、電圧に対する残容量を関数として、あるいはテーブルとして記憶しており、電圧を検出して関数やテーブルから残容量を検出する。また、残容量は、充放電する電流の積算値で変化するので、電流の積算値から検出することもできる。この制御回路は、充電電流の積算値から充電容量を検出して、放電電流の積算値から放電容量を検出し、充電容量を加算して放電容量を減算して残容量を検出する。また、負荷の電流が特定される状態にあっては、放電電流を検出せずとも、規定の放電電流値と放電時間の積から放電容量を検出でき、また、充電電流が特定される状態にあっては、充電電流を検出せずとも、規定の充電電流値と充電時間の積から充電容量を検出できる。検出される放電容量を残容量から減算し、充電容量を加算して残容量が検出される。ＰＴＣヒーターは、温度により電気抵抗が特定される。電気抵抗が特定されると電流を特定できる。電流が電圧／電気抵抗で特定されるからである。したがって、ＰＴＣヒーターは、温度を検出して電流を検出できるので、放電時間から放電容量を検出できる。また、電池の充電電流は特定されることから、充電時間から充電容量が検出できる。とくに、ニッケル水素電池やニッケルカドミウム電池は定電流充電されるので、充電電流が常に一定となり、充電時間から充電容量を検出できる。   The control circuit 8 functioning as a control means or a control unit detects the remaining capacity of the battery 1 and controls charging of the battery 1. The remaining capacity of the battery is detected from the integrated value of the current to be charged or discharged by detecting the voltage of the battery. Since the voltage of the battery changes depending on the remaining capacity, the remaining capacity can be detected from the voltage. This control circuit stores the remaining capacity with respect to the voltage as a function or as a table, and detects the remaining capacity from the function or table by detecting the voltage. Further, since the remaining capacity changes depending on the integrated value of the current to be charged / discharged, it can also be detected from the integrated value of the current. This control circuit detects the charge capacity from the integrated value of the charge current, detects the discharge capacity from the integrated value of the discharge current, adds the charge capacity, subtracts the discharge capacity, and detects the remaining capacity. In addition, when the load current is specified, the discharge capacity can be detected from the product of the specified discharge current value and the discharge time without detecting the discharge current, and the charge current is specified. In this case, the charging capacity can be detected from the product of the specified charging current value and the charging time without detecting the charging current. The detected discharge capacity is subtracted from the remaining capacity, and the charged capacity is added to detect the remaining capacity. The electrical resistance of the PTC heater is specified by the temperature. When the electrical resistance is specified, the current can be specified. This is because the current is specified by voltage / electric resistance. Therefore, since the PTC heater can detect the current by detecting the temperature, the discharge capacity can be detected from the discharge time. Further, since the charging current of the battery is specified, the charging capacity can be detected from the charging time. In particular, since a nickel metal hydride battery and a nickel cadmium battery are charged with a constant current, the charging current is always constant, and the charging capacity can be detected from the charging time.

制御回路８は、電池１を充電する電源回路５が接続されて、電池１を充電する状態において、充電スイッチ６と放電スイッチ７の両方を制御する。電源回路５は、電池１に充電電力を供給するＡＣアダプタ９である。ただし、電池を充電する電源回路は、必ずしもＡＣアダプタを使用する必要はなく、たとえば、電子機器に内蔵されて商用電源を電池の充電電圧の直流に変換する電源回路とすることもできる。   The control circuit 8 controls both the charge switch 6 and the discharge switch 7 in a state where the power supply circuit 5 that charges the battery 1 is connected and the battery 1 is charged. The power supply circuit 5 is an AC adapter 9 that supplies charging power to the battery 1. However, the power supply circuit for charging the battery does not necessarily need to use an AC adapter. For example, the power supply circuit may be a power supply circuit that is built in an electronic device and converts a commercial power supply into a direct current of a battery charging voltage.

制御回路８は、電源回路５が接続されて電池１が充電される状態で、電池１の残容量をあらかじめ記憶している設定残容量に比較する。設定残容量は、負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａに電力を供給してＰＴＣヒーター４Ａを所定の温度に加温できる容量に特定している。たとえば、常温から所定の温度に加温されるまでの時間が１分で、この間の平均電流が８ＡであるＰＴＣヒーター４Ａに電力を供給する電池１にあっては、この間に、８（Ａ）×１／６０（時間）Ａｈの電力を消費するので、設定残容量をこの値とする。また、このような設定残容量は、電池容量の５〜３０％の範囲であって、例えば、１０％に設定される。電池１の残容量がこの設定残容量よりも大きいと、電池１はＰＴＣヒーター４Ａを所定の温度まで加温できるので、制御回路８は、放電スイッチ７と充電スイッチ６の両方をオンにする。オン状態の放電スイッチ７は、負荷２に電力を供給する。   The control circuit 8 compares the remaining capacity of the battery 1 with the set remaining capacity stored in advance in a state where the power supply circuit 5 is connected and the battery 1 is charged. The set remaining capacity is specified as a capacity capable of supplying power to the PTC heater 4A of the load 2 and heating the PTC heater 4A to a predetermined temperature. For example, in the battery 1 that supplies power to the PTC heater 4A that takes 1 minute from normal temperature to a predetermined temperature and has an average current of 8A during this period, 8 (A) Since 1/60 (hour) Ah of power is consumed, the set remaining capacity is set to this value. Further, such a set remaining capacity is in the range of 5 to 30% of the battery capacity, and is set to 10%, for example. If the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is larger than the set remaining capacity, the battery 1 can heat the PTC heater 4A to a predetermined temperature, so that the control circuit 8 turns on both the discharge switch 7 and the charge switch 6. The discharge switch 7 in the on state supplies power to the load 2.

電池１の残容量が設定残容量よりも大きく、放電スイッチ７と充電スイッチ６の両方をオンに制御する状態における電池の残容量の変化と、充電電流及び負荷電流の変化を図２に示す。なお、この図において、実線Ａは電池の残容量を、破線Ｂは電池の充電電流を、一点鎖線Ｃは負荷電流をそれぞれ示している。なお、図２、後述する図３において、充電電流がゼロ以下の負を示すときは、電池１より負荷２へ放電していることになる。このとき、電源回路５から供給される電流よりも負荷電流が大きいので、電池１は充電されることなく負荷２に電力を供給する。すなわち、負荷２には電池１と電源回路５の両方から電力が供給される。負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａは、電力が供給されるにしたがって温度が上昇して電気抵抗が大きくなる。ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａの電気抵抗が大きくなるまでの電力は電池１が蓄えているので、電池１は過放電されることなく、ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａを所定の温度まで上昇させる。すなわち、負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａが所定の温度まで上昇される状態で、電池１の残容量は０とはならず残存している。ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａが所定の温度になると、電気抵抗が大きくなって電流が減少するので、電池１からの放電はなくなって電源回路５から供給される電流は、電池１と負荷２の両方に供給される。この状態で電池１が満充電されると、制御回路８はこのことを検出して、充電スイッチ６をオフに切り換える。   FIG. 2 shows changes in the remaining capacity of the battery, and changes in the charging current and load current in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is larger than the set remaining capacity and both the discharge switch 7 and the charging switch 6 are controlled to be turned on. In this figure, the solid line A indicates the remaining capacity of the battery, the broken line B indicates the charging current of the battery, and the alternate long and short dash line C indicates the load current. In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 described later, when the charging current shows a negative value of zero or less, the battery 1 is discharging to the load 2. At this time, since the load current is larger than the current supplied from the power supply circuit 5, the battery 1 supplies power to the load 2 without being charged. That is, power is supplied to the load 2 from both the battery 1 and the power supply circuit 5. The PTC heater 4A of the load 2 increases in temperature and increases in electrical resistance as power is supplied. Since the battery 1 stores electric power until the electrical resistance of the PTC heater 4A increases, the battery 1 is raised to a predetermined temperature without being overdischarged. That is, in a state where the PTC heater 4A of the load 2 is raised to a predetermined temperature, the remaining capacity of the battery 1 does not become zero but remains. When the PTC heater 4A reaches a predetermined temperature, the electric resistance increases and the current decreases, so that the discharge from the battery 1 disappears and the current supplied from the power supply circuit 5 is supplied to both the battery 1 and the load 2. The When the battery 1 is fully charged in this state, the control circuit 8 detects this and switches the charging switch 6 to OFF.

以上は、電池１の残容量が設定残容量よりも大きい状態で電池１の充電がスタートされる場合であるが、電池１の充電を開始するときに、電池１の残容量が設定残容量よりも小さいこともある。この状態における電池の残容量の変化と、充電電流及び負荷電流の変化を図３に示す。なお、この図において、実線Ａは電池の残容量を、破線Ｂは電池の充電電流を、一点鎖線Ｃは負荷電流をそれぞれ示している。   The above is a case where the charging of the battery 1 is started in a state where the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is larger than the set remaining capacity, but when the charging of the battery 1 is started, the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is larger than the set remaining capacity. May be small. FIG. 3 shows the change in the remaining capacity of the battery and the change in the charging current and the load current in this state. In this figure, the solid line A indicates the remaining capacity of the battery, the broken line B indicates the charging current of the battery, and the alternate long and short dash line C indicates the load current.

図３に示すように、制御回路８は、電池１の残容量が設定残容量よりも小さいことを検出すると、放電スイッチ７をオフにして充電スイッチ６をオンにして電池１を充電する。負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａに放電されないので、電源回路５から供給される電流は、全て電池１の充電に使用される。したがって、電池１は速やかに充電されて残容量が増加する。制御回路８は、残容量が設定残容量まで充電されたことを検出すると、放電スイッチ７をオンに切り換えて電池１から負荷２に電力を供給する。放電スイッチ７がオンに切り換えられると、電池１と電源回路５から負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａに電力が供給される。この状態で、負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａは電気抵抗が小さく、電源回路５から供給される電流よりも大きな電流が流れる。負荷２の大電流は、電池１と電源回路５の両方から供給される。したがって、放電スイッチ７をオンに切り換えた直後は、電池１は充電されずに放電される。放電される電池１は、負荷２であるＰＴＣヒーター４Ａに電力を供給する。ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａは大電流で速やかに温度が上昇する。負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａは、温度が上昇するまで電気抵抗が小さく大電流が流れるが、所定の温度まで加温されると電気抵抗が大きくなって電流が減少する。電池１は負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａを所定の温度まで加温できる残容量まで充電されている。したがって、電源回路５からの充電電流よりも負荷２に供給する放電電流が大きく、実質的に充電されない状態にあっても、負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａが所定の温度になるまで放電されて過放電されることはない。負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａが所定の温度になると、電気抵抗が大きくなって放電電流が減少する。この状態になると、電池１は放電電流よりも充電電流が大きくなって充電される状態となる。電池１の充電電流は、電源回路５から供給される電流から放電電流を減算した電流値となる。充電される電池１が満充電されると、制御回路８は充電スイッチ６をオフにして充電を停止する。   As shown in FIG. 3, when detecting that the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is smaller than the set remaining capacity, the control circuit 8 turns off the discharge switch 7 and turns on the charge switch 6 to charge the battery 1. Since the PTC heater 4 </ b> A of the load 2 is not discharged, all the current supplied from the power supply circuit 5 is used for charging the battery 1. Therefore, the battery 1 is quickly charged and the remaining capacity increases. When the control circuit 8 detects that the remaining capacity has been charged to the set remaining capacity, the control circuit 8 switches on the discharge switch 7 to supply power from the battery 1 to the load 2. When the discharge switch 7 is switched on, power is supplied from the battery 1 and the power supply circuit 5 to the PTC heater 4A of the load 2. In this state, the PTC heater 4A of the load 2 has a small electric resistance, and a current larger than the current supplied from the power supply circuit 5 flows. A large current of the load 2 is supplied from both the battery 1 and the power supply circuit 5. Therefore, immediately after the discharge switch 7 is turned on, the battery 1 is discharged without being charged. The discharged battery 1 supplies power to the PTC heater 4 </ b> A that is the load 2. The temperature of the PTC heater 4A quickly rises with a large current. The PTC heater 4A of the load 2 has a small electric resistance and a large current flows until the temperature rises. However, when the temperature is heated to a predetermined temperature, the electric resistance increases and the current decreases. The battery 1 is charged to a remaining capacity capable of heating the PTC heater 4A of the load 2 to a predetermined temperature. Therefore, even if the discharge current supplied to the load 2 is larger than the charging current from the power supply circuit 5 and is not substantially charged, the PTC heater 4A of the load 2 is discharged until it reaches a predetermined temperature and overdischarged. It will never be done. When the PTC heater 4A of the load 2 reaches a predetermined temperature, the electrical resistance increases and the discharge current decreases. In this state, the battery 1 is charged with a charging current larger than the discharging current. The charging current of the battery 1 has a current value obtained by subtracting the discharge current from the current supplied from the power supply circuit 5. When the battery 1 to be charged is fully charged, the control circuit 8 turns off the charging switch 6 and stops charging.

電池１が満充電されると、制御回路８は満充電をＬＥＤ（図示せず）などのパイロットランプで表示する。ユーザーは、満充電の表示を確認して電源回路５のＡＣアダプタ９を外す。また、電源回路を内蔵する電子機器にあっては、電子機器に接続して商用電源を供給しているＡＣコードを外す。このように、内蔵する電池１が満充電されて、電源回路５のＡＣアダプタ９から外され、あるいはＡＣコードが外された電子機器は、商用電源からの電力供給の制限を受けることなく、たとえば、持ち運びしながら便利に使用できる。   When the battery 1 is fully charged, the control circuit 8 displays the full charge with a pilot lamp such as an LED (not shown). The user confirms the full charge display and removes the AC adapter 9 of the power supply circuit 5. In the case of an electronic device having a built-in power supply circuit, the AC cord connected to the electronic device and supplying commercial power is removed. Thus, an electronic device in which the built-in battery 1 is fully charged and removed from the AC adapter 9 of the power supply circuit 5 or the AC cord is removed is not limited by the power supply from the commercial power supply. Can be used conveniently while carrying.

さらに、電子機器は、電池電圧が、下限の所定の電池残容量に対応した下限所定電圧以下になると、制御回路８が放電スイッチ７をオフとして、放電を停止する。これにより、電池１の過放電を確実に防止することができる。また、本実施例において、電子機器は、電池電圧が、下限の電池残容量よりも残容量が大きい所定の電池残容量に対応した第２所定電圧以下になると、制御回路８が放電スイッチ７をオンオフ制御することで、パルス放電を行い、放電電流を小さくすることもできる。これにより、ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａの発熱温度は若干低くなるが、負荷２のＰＴＣヒーター４Ａへの電力供給を抑制しつつ、放電により下限所定電圧に至るまでの持続時間を延長することができる。ここで、パルス放電は、電池電圧が第２所定電圧を下回り、下限所定電圧に近くなるほど、パルスのデューティーを小さくすることもできる。   Furthermore, when the battery voltage becomes equal to or lower than the lower limit predetermined voltage corresponding to the lower limit predetermined battery remaining capacity, the control circuit 8 turns off the discharge switch 7 and stops discharging. Thereby, the overdischarge of the battery 1 can be reliably prevented. Further, in this embodiment, when the battery voltage becomes equal to or lower than the second predetermined voltage corresponding to the predetermined battery remaining capacity which is larger than the lower limit battery remaining capacity, the control circuit 8 causes the discharge switch 7 to be turned on. By performing on / off control, pulse discharge can be performed and the discharge current can be reduced. Thereby, although the heat generation temperature of the PTC heater 4A is slightly lowered, the duration until the lower limit predetermined voltage is reached by the discharge can be extended while suppressing the power supply to the PTC heater 4A of the load 2. Here, in the pulse discharge, the duty of the pulse can be reduced as the battery voltage falls below the second predetermined voltage and approaches the lower limit predetermined voltage.

さらに、電子機器は、電池１が満充電された後においても、電源回路５のＡＣアダプタ９を外すことなく、あるいは、商用電源を供給しているＡＣコードを外すことなく使用することもある。このとき、電子機器は、制御回路８が充電スイッチ６をオフにしているので、電池１の充電は停止されるが、放電スイッチ７はオンに保持されているので、負荷２への放電は継続されて電池１の残容量が減少する。したがって、この電子機器は、電池１の満充電後に、所定の残容量まで放電されると、電池１の充電を再開して、電池１を再充電することもできる。この電子機器は、充電停止後、電池１が放電される状態で、すなわち、充電スイッチ６をオフ、放電スイッチ７をオンとする状態で、電池１の残容量をあらかじめ記憶している充電再開残容量に比較する。充電再開残容量は、たとえば、満充電容量の約８０％とすることができる。ただ、充電再開残容量は、電池の満充電容量の６０〜９０％とすることもできる。電池１の残容量が充電再開残容量より小さくなると、制御回路８は、充電スイッチ６をオンに切り換えて電池１の充電を再開する。この状態で、電池１は放電電流よりも充電電流が大きくなって充電される状態となる。充電される電池１が満充電されると、制御回路８は充電スイッチ６をオフにして充電を停止する。   Furthermore, even after the battery 1 is fully charged, the electronic device may be used without removing the AC adapter 9 of the power supply circuit 5 or without removing the AC cord supplying commercial power. At this time, since the control circuit 8 turns off the charging switch 6 in the electronic device, charging of the battery 1 is stopped, but since the discharging switch 7 is kept on, discharging to the load 2 continues. As a result, the remaining capacity of the battery 1 decreases. Therefore, when this electronic device is discharged to a predetermined remaining capacity after the battery 1 is fully charged, the battery 1 can be recharged and the battery 1 can be recharged. In this electronic device, after the charge is stopped, the battery 1 is discharged, that is, the charge switch 6 is turned off and the discharge switch 7 is turned on. Compare to capacity. The remaining charge resumption capacity can be, for example, about 80% of the full charge capacity. However, the remaining charge resumption capacity can be 60 to 90% of the full charge capacity of the battery. When the remaining capacity of the battery 1 becomes smaller than the remaining capacity for resuming charging, the control circuit 8 switches on the charging switch 6 to resume charging of the battery 1. In this state, the battery 1 is charged with a charging current larger than the discharging current. When the battery 1 to be charged is fully charged, the control circuit 8 turns off the charging switch 6 and stops charging.

以上の電子機器は、以下に示すフローチャートで、電池１を充電しながら負荷２を速やかに使用状態にする。
［ｎ＝１のステップ］
電子機器に、電源回路５であるＡＣアダプタ９が接続されたかどうかを判定する。
［ｎ＝２のステップ］
電子機器に、電源回路５のＡＣアダプタ９が接続されると、制御回路８は、電池１の残容量を検出する。
［ｎ＝３のステップ］
制御回路８は、検出した残容量をあらかじめ記憶している設定残容量に比較する。
［ｎ＝４のステップ］
電池１の残容量が設定残容量よりも小さいと、制御回路８は、放電スイッチ７をオフ、充電スイッチ６をオンにして電池１を充電する。その後、電池１の残容量が設定残容量以上となるまでｎ＝２〜４のステップをループする。
［ｎ＝５のステップ］
電池１の残容量が設定残容量以上であると、制御回路８は、放電スイッチ７と充電スイッチ６の両方をオンにして、負荷２に電力を供給する。放電スイッチ７と充電スイッチ６がオンに切り換えられると、電池１と電源回路５の両方から負荷２に電力が供給される。負荷２であるＰＴＣヒーター４Ａの電気抵抗が小さく、電源回路５から供給される電流よりも大きな電流が流れるからである。したがって、放電スイッチ７をオンに切り換えた直後は、電池１は充電されずに放電される。その後、ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａが所定の温度まで加温されると、電気抵抗が大きくなって放電電流が減少する。この後、ＰＴＣヒーター４Ａに流れる電流が、電源回路５から供給される電流よりも小さくなり、電池１は放電せず、充電される。このとき、負荷２への電力供給は、電源回路５よりなされる。
［ｎ＝６のステップ］
電池１が満充電されたかどうかを判定する。電池１が満充電されるまで、ｎ＝５と６のステップをループする。
［ｎ＝７のステップ］
電池１が満充電されると、制御回路８は充電スイッチ６をオフにして充電を停止する。制御回路８は、満充電をＬＥＤ（図示せず）などのパイロットランプで外部に表示する。
［ｎ＝８、９のステップ］
電池１が満充電された後、電源回路５であるＡＣアダプタ９が外されたかどうかを判定する。電源回路５であるＡＣアダプタ９が電子機器から外されると、ｎ＝９のステップに進んで充電終了する。
［ｎ＝１０のステップ］
電子機器に、電源回路５のＡＣアダプタ９が接続されていると、制御回路８は、電池１の残容量を検出する。
［ｎ＝１１のステップ］
制御回路８は、検出した残容量をあらかじめ記憶している充電再開残容量に比較する。電池１の残容量が充電再開残容量以上であると、ｎ＝８のステップに戻り、その後、電源回路５のＡＣアダプタ９が電子機器から外されるか、または、電池１の残容量が充電再開残容量より小さくなるまで、ｎ＝８〜１１のステップをループする。
電池１の残容量が充電再開残容量よりも小さいと、ｎ＝５のステップに戻って、充電スイッチ６をオンに切り換えて電池１の充電を再開する。 The above-described electronic apparatus quickly uses the load 2 while charging the battery 1 according to the flowchart shown below.
[Step of n = 1]
It is determined whether or not the AC adapter 9 as the power supply circuit 5 is connected to the electronic device.
[Step of n = 2]
When the AC adapter 9 of the power supply circuit 5 is connected to the electronic device, the control circuit 8 detects the remaining capacity of the battery 1.
[Step n = 3]
The control circuit 8 compares the detected remaining capacity with the set remaining capacity stored in advance.
[Step n = 4]
When the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is smaller than the set remaining capacity, the control circuit 8 turns off the discharge switch 7 and turns on the charge switch 6 to charge the battery 1. Thereafter, the steps of n = 2 to 4 are looped until the remaining capacity of the battery 1 becomes equal to or greater than the set remaining capacity.
[Step n = 5]
When the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is equal to or greater than the set remaining capacity, the control circuit 8 turns on both the discharge switch 7 and the charge switch 6 and supplies power to the load 2. When the discharge switch 7 and the charge switch 6 are turned on, power is supplied to the load 2 from both the battery 1 and the power supply circuit 5. This is because the electric resistance of the PTC heater 4 </ b> A that is the load 2 is small and a current larger than the current supplied from the power supply circuit 5 flows. Therefore, immediately after the discharge switch 7 is turned on, the battery 1 is discharged without being charged. Thereafter, when the PTC heater 4A is heated to a predetermined temperature, the electrical resistance increases and the discharge current decreases. Thereafter, the current flowing through the PTC heater 4A becomes smaller than the current supplied from the power supply circuit 5, and the battery 1 is charged without being discharged. At this time, power is supplied to the load 2 from the power supply circuit 5.
[Step n = 6]
It is determined whether the battery 1 is fully charged. Steps n = 5 and 6 are looped until the battery 1 is fully charged.
[Step n = 7]
When the battery 1 is fully charged, the control circuit 8 turns off the charging switch 6 and stops charging. The control circuit 8 displays the full charge on the outside with a pilot lamp such as an LED (not shown).
[Steps n = 8, 9]
After the battery 1 is fully charged, it is determined whether or not the AC adapter 9 that is the power supply circuit 5 is removed. When the AC adapter 9 that is the power supply circuit 5 is removed from the electronic device, the process proceeds to step n = 9 and the charging is finished.
[Step n = 10]
When the AC adapter 9 of the power supply circuit 5 is connected to the electronic device, the control circuit 8 detects the remaining capacity of the battery 1.
[Step n = 11]
The control circuit 8 compares the detected remaining capacity with the charge resuming remaining capacity stored in advance. If the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is equal to or greater than the remaining capacity for resuming charging, the process returns to the step of n = 8, and then the AC adapter 9 of the power supply circuit 5 is disconnected from the electronic device or Steps n = 8 to 11 are looped until it becomes smaller than the resuming remaining capacity.
If the remaining capacity of the battery 1 is smaller than the remaining capacity for resuming charging, the process returns to the step of n = 5, the charging switch 6 is turned on, and the charging of the battery 1 is resumed.

本発明の一実施例にかかる電子機器の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the electronic device concerning one Example of this invention. 電池の残容量が設定残容量よりも大きい状態での制御における電池の残容量、充電電流、及び負荷電流の変化を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the change of the remaining capacity of a battery, charging current, and load current in control in the state where the remaining capacity of a battery is larger than a setting remaining capacity. 電池の残容量が設定残容量よりも小さい状態での制御における電池の残容量、充電電流、及び負荷電流の変化を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the change of the remaining capacity of a battery, charging current, and load current in control in the state where the remaining capacity of a battery is smaller than setting remaining capacity. 本発明の一実施例にかかる電子機器が電池を充電しながら負荷を使用状態にするフローチャートである。It is a flowchart with which the electronic device concerning one Example of this invention makes load a use condition, charging a battery.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…電池
２…負荷
３…充電回路
４…ヒーター ４Ａ…ＰＴＣヒーター
５…電源回路
６…充電スイッチ
７…放電スイッチ
８…制御回路
９…ＡＣアダプタ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery 2 ... Load 3 ... Charge circuit 4 ... Heater 4A ... PTC heater 5 ... Power supply circuit 6 ... Charge switch 7 ... Discharge switch 8 ... Control circuit 9 ... AC adapter

Claims (5)

温度が低下すると電気抵抗が小さくなる負荷(2)と、この負荷(2)に電力を供給する充電できる電池(1)と、この電池(1)の充電回路(3)とを備える電子機器であって、
充電回路(3)が、電池(1)の入力側に接続されて電源回路(5)からの電池(1)の充電を制御する充電スイッチ(6)と、電池(1)と負荷(2)との間に接続されて電池(1)の電力を負荷(2)に供給する状態を制御する放電スイッチ(7)と、電池(1)の残容量を検出して充電スイッチ(6)と放電スイッチ(7)を制御する制御回路(8)とを備え、
制御回路(8)が、電池(1)の残容量を設定残容量に比較して、設定残容量よりも小さいことを検出すると、放電スイッチ(7)をオフにして充電スイッチ(6)をオンにして電池(1)を充電し、電池(1)が設定残容量まで充電されたことを検出すると、放電スイッチ(7)をオンに切り換えて電池(1)から負荷(2)に電力を供給するように制御することを特徴とする電子機器。 An electronic device comprising a load (2) whose electrical resistance decreases as the temperature drops, a rechargeable battery (1) for supplying power to the load (2), and a charging circuit (3) for the battery (1) There,
The charging circuit (3) is connected to the input side of the battery (1) and controls the charging of the battery (1) from the power circuit (5), and the battery (1) and the load (2) A discharge switch (7) that controls the state in which the battery (1) power is supplied to the load (2), and detects the remaining capacity of the battery (1) to discharge the charge switch (6). A control circuit (8) for controlling the switch (7),
When the control circuit (8) compares the remaining capacity of the battery (1) with the set remaining capacity and detects that it is smaller than the set remaining capacity, it turns off the discharge switch (7) and turns on the charge switch (6). When the battery (1) is charged, and it is detected that the battery (1) has been charged to the set remaining capacity, the discharge switch (7) is turned on to supply power from the battery (1) to the load (2). An electronic device characterized by being controlled to perform. 前記負荷(2)がヒーター(4)で、電子機器がアンカである請求項１に記載される電子機器。   The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the load (2) is a heater (4) and the electronic device is an anchor. 前記負荷(2)がＰＴＣヒーター(4A)で、電子機器がアンカである請求項２に記載される電子機器。   The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein the load (2) is a PTC heater (4A) and the electronic device is an anchor. 前記制御回路(8)が、電池(1)の電圧と電流と充放電時間のいずれかから残容量を検出する請求項１に記載される電子機器。   The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit (8) detects a remaining capacity from any one of a voltage, a current, and a charge / discharge time of the battery (1). 前記電池(1)を充電する電源回路(5)がＡＣアダプタ(9)である請求項１に記載される電子機器。   The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the power supply circuit (5) for charging the battery (1) is an AC adapter (9).
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JP2012058144A (en) * 2010-09-10 2012-03-22 Asahi Kasei Electronics Co Ltd Battery power feeding capability determination method and battery charging/discharging device
WO2018143541A1 (en) * 2017-02-02 2018-08-09 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Battery pack, battery management system, and method therefor
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