JP2008282436A - Reproducing device, and method of recognizing recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform efficient disk recognition processing by reducing probability of failure of disk recognition. <P>SOLUTION: When read-out of an access indicator fails, normally, disk recognition becomes failure, but in this invention, as processing for the case, read-out of DMA, TDMA1, and TDMA2 are executed, and an area in which the newest management information is recorded is discriminated from the recording status. The temporary management information area is used in order of TDMA0→TDMA1→TDMA2 for recording of TDMS in accordance with recording of user data. Also, recording is performed by finalization processing finally. Thereby, the newest recording area of TDMS in the present status can be discriminated depending on existence of DMA, TDMA1, TDMA2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reproducing apparatus that performs at least reproduction on a recording medium such as an optical disc, and a recording medium recognition method that is executed by the reproducing apparatus when the recording medium is loaded.

JP 2006-114107 A JP-T-2006-85859

As a technique for recording / reproducing digital data, optical disks (including magneto-optical disks) such as CD (Compact Disc), MD (Mini-Disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) are used as recording media. There is data recording technology. An optical disk is a generic term for recording media that irradiate laser light onto a disk in which a thin metal plate is protected with plastic, and read signals by changes in reflected light.
The optical disc includes, for example, a read-only type as known as CD, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, MD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD + RW, DVD. -There is a type in which user data can be recorded as is known in RAM and the like. In the recordable type, data can be recorded by using a magneto-optical recording method, a phase change recording method, a dye film change recording method, or the like. The dye film change recording method is also called a write-once recording method, and can be recorded only once and cannot be rewritten. On the other hand, the magneto-optical recording method and the phase change recording method can rewrite data and are used for various purposes such as recording of various content data such as music, video, games, application programs and the like.

In recent years, a high-density optical disk called a Blu-ray Disc (registered trademark) has been developed, and the capacity has been significantly increased.
For example, in this high-density disk, when data recording / reproduction is performed under the condition of a combination of a laser having a wavelength of 405 nm (so-called blue laser) and an objective lens having an NA of 0.85, the track pitch is 0.32 μm, the linear density is 0.12 μm / When a 64 KB (kilobyte) data block is used as one recording / playback unit and the format efficiency is about 82%, a capacity of about 23.3 GB (gigabyte) can be recorded on a direct 12 cm disc.
Even for such a high-density disk, a write-once type and a rewritable type have been developed.

Here, as a Blu-ray disc, for example, a BD-R (Blu-ray Disc-Recordable) type in which only additional recording is possible manages the data recording structure and disc defect information. (Temporary Disc Management Structure) and the TDMS is additionally recorded in a TDMA (Temporary Disc Management Area) as a management information recording area provided at a predetermined position on the disc. The last added TDMS is an effective TDMS (see FIG. 5).
A plurality of TDMAs are provided in the lead-in area and data area on the inner periphery of the disk, and serial numbers are assigned as TDMAn (n = 0, 1, 2,...), Respectively. The TDMA is used in the order of numbers such as TDMA0, TDMA1, TDMA2,..., And TDMS is continuously recorded for each TDMA in order from the top.

In the BD-R, an area in which a TDMA access indicator indicating which TDMA is valid (that is, in which TDMA the latest TDMS is written) is written in TDMA0 (first temporary management information record). Is reserved at the beginning of the area.
In this case, in the state where the latest TDMS is written in TDMA0, the TDMA access indicator is not written at all. When this TDMA0 is used up to update the TDMS and the TDMS is written to the next TDMA1, writing is performed to the TDMA1 access indicator to indicate that the TDMA1 has the latest information. Thereafter, similarly, when the TDMA1 is used up for updating and the TDMS is written into the TDMA2, the TDMA2 access indicator indicating that the TDMA2 has the latest information is written.
In FIG. 5, the first DMA access indicator indicates whether writing has been performed at the time of finalizing the disk and the disk has been finalized.

These TDMA access indicator and DMA access indicator are functions introduced in order to shorten the disc recognition time.
That is, when a disc is loaded, the playback device can check which TDMA has the latest information (latest TDMS) by checking the written / unwritten status of each TDMA access indicator. When the TDMA in which the latest information is written is specified, the management information necessary for reproducing the current disc can be read by reading the latest TDMS from the TDMA area.

However, in the case of performing the disc recognition process of reading out such an access indicator, there is a situation in which the access indicator cannot be read out (that is, whether or not each access indicator is written) due to, for example, scratches or dirt on the disc. When it occurs, disk recognition fails. That is, it is unclear which TDMA contains the latest TDMS.
The information written in the TDMA access indicator includes information for determining the position (address) of the target TDMA. For this reason, even if the presence / absence of writing of the access indicator can be confirmed, unless the written information is properly read, the TDMA in which the latest TDMS is recorded cannot be accessed, and the latest TDMS cannot be read after all. Therefore, in this case also, the disk recognition fails.

  Of course, we want to avoid such disc recognition failure as much as possible. Therefore, the present invention proposes a processing technique that can lead to recognition success even when disk recognition fails as described above.

The reproducing apparatus of the present invention includes a user data recording area in which user data can be recorded, a final management information recording area in which final management information about data recording for the user data recording area is recorded, and the user data recording A first temporary management information recording area in which temporary management information to be updated according to data recording on the area is sequentially recorded, and the first temporary management information recording area is used to update the temporary management information One or more second temporary management information recording areas where the temporary management information is newly recorded when used up, the one or more second temporary management information recording areas, and the final management information At least reproduction is performed on a recording medium provided with an area usage status presentation information recording area in which area usage status presentation information is recorded for each of the recording areas. This is a playback device.
Then, as a reading unit that reads out the recording medium, and as a recognition process when the recording medium is loaded, the reading unit executes reading of the area usage status presentation information recording area, and records the area usage status presentation information. The area in which the latest management information is recorded and the position of the area are determined according to the situation and the recorded contents, and the latest management information is read out from the determined area, while the area usage status presentation information recording area is read out. In the case of failure, the reading means reads out the second temporary management information recording area or the final management information recording area, determines the area where the latest management information is recorded from the recording status, and determines the determined area. Control means for performing control to read out the latest management information from.

The control means can determine the area in which the latest management information is recorded by reading the area usage status presentation information recording area, but if the position of the area cannot be determined, the first temporary The position of the area in which the latest management information is recorded is determined from the management information recorded in the management information recording area.
In addition, when the control unit fails to read the area usage status presentation information recording area, the control means determines the position of the second temporary management information recording area from the management information recorded in the first temporary management information recording area. And the reading means executes reading of the second temporary management information recording area.

  The recording medium recognizing apparatus of the present invention includes a step of executing reading of the area usage status presentation information recording area as a recording medium recognition method executed by the playback apparatus when the recording medium is loaded, and the area usage status presentation. Determining the area where the latest management information is recorded and the position of the area based on the recording status and recorded contents of the area usage status presentation information in the information recording area, and reading the latest management information from the determined area; When reading of the usage status presentation information recording area fails, reading of the second temporary management information recording area or the final management information recording area is executed, and the area where the latest management information is recorded is recorded from the recording status. Determining, and reading the latest management information from the determined area.

When these recording media in the present invention are the above-described BD-R, the final management information recording area corresponds to, for example, a DMA described later, and temporary management information corresponds to a TDMS including TDDS, TDFL, and SRRI described later. .
The first temporary management information recording area corresponds to TDMA0, the second temporary management information recording area corresponds to TDMA1 and later, and the area usage status presentation information recording area corresponds to an access indicator corresponding to DMA and TDMA1 and later. The area use status presentation information corresponds to the content (for example, TDDS described later) recorded in the access indicator.
When the reading of the area use status presentation information recording area fails, the disk recognition usually fails, but in the present invention, as the corresponding processing in that case, the second temporary management information recording area or the final management information recording area Is read out, and the area where the latest management information is recorded is discriminated from the recording status. Depending on the recording of user data, the temporary management information recording area is used in order of recording of management information in the order of TDMA0 → TDMA1 → TDMA2. Finally, management information is recorded in the DMA by a finalizing process. From this, it is possible to determine the current management information recording area based on whether or not the second temporary management information recording area and the final management information recording area are recorded.
For example, if the final management information recording area (DMA) has been written, the latest management information to be read is information recorded in the final management information recording area.
For example, if TDMA1 is recorded as the second temporary management information recording area and TDMA2 is not recorded, the latest management information to be read is temporary management information recorded in TDMA1.

According to the present invention, as the recognition process at the time of loading the recording medium, the recording position of the latest management information is not known due to the failure to read the area use status presentation information recording area or the reading failure of the contents, and the latest management information Even in a situation where it is impossible to read, the recording position of the latest management information can be searched and read out.
For this reason, the recognition process can be completed quickly without retrying the reading of the area utilization status presentation information recording area many times.
As a result, the possibility of a recognition error during loading is further reduced, and the recognition process can be executed efficiently.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following order.

1. Disk structure.
2. DMA.
3. TDMA.
3-1 TDMA structure and TDMS update unit.
3-2 TDDS.
3-3 TDFL.
3-4 SRR and SRRI.
3-5 Replacement process using a replacement area.
3-6 Append process to TDMA.
4). Configuration of the disk drive device.
5. Disc recognition process.

1. Disk structure.

First, an optical disk used in the recording system of the embodiment will be described. This optical disc can be implemented as a write-once disc in the category of a high-density optical disc system called a so-called Blu-ray disc.
An example of physical parameters of the high-density optical disk used in this embodiment will be described.
The optical disc of this example has a disc size of 120 mm in diameter and a disc thickness of 1.2 mm. In other words, these are the same as CD (Compact Disc) type discs and DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) type discs in terms of external appearance.
A so-called blue laser is used as a recording / reproducing laser, and the optical system has a high NA (for example, NA = 0.85), and a narrow track pitch (for example, track pitch = 0.32 μm). By realizing a high linear density (for example, a recording linear density of 0.12 μm), a user data capacity of about 23 G to 25 G bytes is realized on a disk having a diameter of 12 cm.
A so-called two-layer disc having two recording layers has also been developed. In the case of a two-layer disc, the user data capacity is about 50 Gbytes.

FIG. 1 shows the layout (area configuration) of the entire disc.
In the system of this example, the layout of FIG. 1 is formed by the disk formatting (initialization) process. In the following description, as an example, the case where the optical disc is a single layer disc (SL) will be described.
As an area on the disk, a lead-in zone, a data zone, and a lead-out zone are arranged from the inner peripheral side.
If you look at the area structure related to recording and playback. The prerecorded information area PIC on the innermost circumference side in the lead-in zone is a reproduction-only area, and the area from the management area of the lead-in zone to the lead-out zone is a write-once area that can be recorded once.

In the reproduction-only area and the write-once area, recording tracks are formed in a spiral shape by wobbling grooves (meandering grooves). The groove is used as a guide for tracking when tracing with a laser spot, and the groove is used as a recording track to record and reproduce data.
In this example, an optical disk on which data is recorded in a groove is assumed. However, the present invention is not limited to such an optical disk of groove recording, and is a land recording method for recording data on a land between grooves. The present invention may be applied to an optical disc, and may also be applied to a land / groove recording type optical disc that records data in a groove and a land.

The groove used as the recording track has a meandering shape corresponding to the wobble signal. Therefore, in a disk drive device for an optical disk, both edge positions of the groove are detected from the reflected light of the laser spot irradiated to the groove, and the disk at both edge positions when the laser spot is moved along the recording track. By extracting the fluctuation component in the radial direction, the wobble signal can be reproduced.
In this wobble signal, the address information (physical address and other additional information) of the recording track at the recording position is modulated. Therefore, in the disk drive device, address control or the like at the time of data recording or reproduction can be performed by demodulating address information or the like from the wobble signal.

The lead-in zone shown in FIG. 1 is an area inside a radius of 24 mm, for example.
A radius of 22.2 to 23.1 mm in the lead-in zone is set as the prerecorded information area PIC.
In the prerecorded information area PIC, disk information such as recording / reproducing power conditions, area information on the disk, information used for copy protection, and the like are recorded as reproduction-only information by groove wobbling. Such information may be recorded by embossed pits or the like.
Although not shown, a BCA (Burst Cutting Area) may be provided further on the inner circumference side than the prerecorded information area PIC. BCA is a unique ID unique to a disk recording medium recorded by a recording method that burns out the recording layer. That is, by forming the recording marks so as to be arranged concentrically, barcode-shaped recording data is formed.

In the lead-in zone, for example, a range with a radius of 23.1 to 24 mm is set as a management / control information area.
In the management / control information area, a predetermined area format including a control data area, DMA (Disc Management Area), TDMA0 (TDMA: Temporary Disc Management Area), test write area (OPC), buffer area, and the like is set.
The following management / control information is recorded in the control data area in the management / control information area.
That is, the disc type, disc size, disc version, layer structure, channel bit length, BCA information, transfer rate, data zone position information, recording linear velocity, recording / reproducing laser power information, etc. are recorded.
Similarly, a test write area (OPC) provided in the management / control information area is used for test writing when setting data recording / reproducing conditions such as laser power during recording / reproducing. That is, it is an area for adjusting recording / reproducing conditions.

A DMA is provided in the management / control information area. Usually, in the field of disk systems, the DMA is called “Defect Management Area”, and replacement management information for defect management is recorded. However, in the disk of this example, the DMA records not only replacement management of defective portions but also management / control information for realizing data rewriting in this write-once disk. Furthermore, the SRRI described later is also recorded. Therefore, the DMA has a function as a “Disc Management Area”.
Further, in order to enable data rewriting using the replacement process, the contents of the replacement management information must be updated in accordance with the data rewriting. Furthermore, management information on the data recording structure must be updated in accordance with the additional recording. For this reason, an area called TDMA for updating these management information is provided.
In this case, management information (hereinafter also simply referred to as “management information”) regarding the replacement and data recording structure as described above is additionally recorded and updated sequentially from TDMA0. As will be described in detail later, when TDMA0 is used up for updating management information, TDMA1 and TDMA2 can be used as areas for writing further management information (see FIG. 2). For DMA, the management information (latest management information) recorded last in the TDMA is recorded at the time of finalizing the disk.
DMA and TDMA will be described in detail later.

  For example, a radius of 24.0 to 58.0 mm on the outer peripheral side from the lead-in zone is set as the data zone. The data zone is an area where user data is actually recorded and reproduced. The data zone start address ADdts and end address ADdte are indicated in the data zone position information of the control data area described above.

In the disk of this example, a spare area (spare area) is formed in the data zone. In this case, in the data zone, an ISA (Inner Spare Area) is provided on the innermost periphery, and an OSA (Outer Spare Area) is provided on the outermost periphery. These ISA and OSA are used as replacement areas used for replacement processing due to defects.
The ISA is formed with a predetermined number of cluster sizes (1 cluster = 65536 bytes) from the start position of the data zone.
The OSA is formed with a predetermined number of cluster sizes from the end position of the data zone to the inner circumference side. The sizes of ISA and OSA are described in the DMA.
A section between the ISA and the OSA in the data zone is a user data area. This user data area is a normal recording / reproducing area normally used for recording / reproducing user data.
The position of the user data area, that is, the start address ADus and the end address ADue are described in the DMA.

  Note that, in this example, rewriting using replacement processing can be realized for write-once media that cannot be rewritten normally. That is, when data already recorded in a certain block (area such as a cluster) is to be rewritten, new data is recorded in another block, and this is managed as replacement management information as in the case of defect replacement. In this way, logical overwriting is realized. In such rewriting, basically, a block in the user data area is used as a replacement destination.

  In FIG. 1, the outer peripheral side of the data zone, for example, a radius of 58.0 to 58.5 mm is set as a lead-out zone. The lead-out zone is a management / control information area, and a control data area, a DMA, a buffer area, and the like are formed in a predetermined format. In the control data area, for example, various management / control information is recorded as in the control data area in the lead-in zone. The DMA is prepared as an area in which ISA and OSA management information is recorded as in the DMA in the lead-in zone.

FIG. 2 shows an example of the structure of the management / control information area, and TDMA1 and TDMA2 that can be set in the spare area.
First, in the lead-in zone, each area of DMA2, OPC (test write area), TDMA0, and DMA1 is formed except for an undefined section (reserve) as shown in the figure. In the lead-out zone, areas of DMA3 and DMA4 are formed except for an undefined section (reserve).
Although the above-described control data area is not shown, illustration is omitted because, for example, a part of the control data area is actually DMA and the structure of DMA and TDMA is the main point of this example.

In the spare area, TDMA1 and TDMA2 can be provided as shown. Specifically, TDMA1 can be set in the ISA, and TDMA2 can be set in the OSA. These TDMA1 and TDMA2 are used as areas for recording new management information when TDMA0 provided in the lead-in zone is used up for updating management information. That is, when there is no area for updating management information in TDMA0, which is a fixed area in the lead-in zone, TDMA1 is used next, and when this TDMA1 is also used up for updating, TDMA2 is used. The
In TDMA1, only the head address is fixed, and the end address is variable. In TDMA2, only the end address is fixed and the head address is variable.

When the disc is finalized, the management information last updated in the TDMA is written into the DMA. As described above, two DMAs are provided in each of the lead-in zone and the lead-out zone, and a total of four DMAs are provided. The same management information is recorded in these DMA1 to DMA4. That is, for these DMAs, the same management information last updated in TDMA is recorded. By writing a large amount of the same management information in this way, the management information can be read more reliably after finalization.
In summary, until the disc is finalized, DMA is not used, and replacement and additional management are performed in TDMA (TDMA0, TDMA1, TDMA2). When the disc is finalized, the latest management information recorded in the TDMA at that time is recorded in the DMA, and thereafter management by the DMA becomes possible.

2. DMA.

FIG. 3 shows the structure of the DMA recorded in the lead-in zone and the lead-out zone.
In this example, the DMA size is 32 clusters. However, the DMA size is not limited to 32 clusters.
One cluster is 65536 bytes, which is the minimum unit of data recording. Further, 2048 bytes is a unit called a sector (or data frame), and therefore one cluster is 32 sectors (or 32 data frames). Considering the size of user data, the sector and the data frame are the same, but the sector is a physical data unit and the data frame is a logical data unit.
Addresses are assigned on a sector basis. The physical sector address is called PSN (Physical Sector Number) and the logical sector address is called LSN (Logical Sector Number).
In FIG. 3, each of the 32 clusters is represented by cluster numbers 1 to 32, and the data position of each content in the DMA is shown. The size of each content is shown as the number of clusters.

In the DMA, detailed information of a disc is recorded as a DDS (Disc Definition Structure) in a section of four clusters having cluster numbers 1 to 4.
The contents of this DDS will be described with reference to FIG. 4. The DDS has a size of one cluster and is repeatedly recorded four times in the section of the four clusters.

The section of 4 clusters of cluster numbers 5 to 8 is the first recording area (DFL # 1) of the defect list DFL. The defect list DFL is data of a 4-cluster size, and has a configuration in which individual replacement address information (DFL entry and LOW entry described later) is listed.
The section of 4 clusters of cluster numbers 9 to 12 is the second recording area (DFL # 2) of the defect list DFL.
Further, recording areas of the third and subsequent defect lists DFL # 3 to DFL # 6 are prepared for each four clusters, and the section of the four clusters of the cluster numbers 29 to 32 is the seventh recording area (DFL # 7) of the defect list DFL. )
That is, seven recording areas of defect lists DFL # 1 to DFL # 7 are prepared for the 32-cluster DMA.
In the case of a write-once optical disc that can be written once as in this example, in order to record the contents of this DMA, it is necessary to perform a process called finalization. In that case, the seven defect lists DFL # 1 to DFL # 7 written to the DMA are all set to the same content in consideration of compatibility.
The structure of the defect list DFL is substantially the same as that of TDFL (temporary DFL) in TDMA, which will be described later.

FIG. 4 shows the contents of the DDS recorded at the beginning of the DMA shown in FIG.
As described above, the DDS has a size of one cluster (= 65536 bytes).
In FIG. 4, the byte position indicates the first byte of the DDS which is 65536 bytes as byte 0. The number of bytes indicates the number of bytes of each data content.

In 2 bytes at byte positions 0 to 1, DDS identifier = “DS” for recognizing that it is a DDS cluster is recorded.
A DDS model number (format version) is shown in one byte at byte position 2.
In 4 bytes at byte positions 4 to 7, a DDS update count (DDS Update Count) is recorded. In this example, the DMA itself is written with management information at the time of finalization and is not updated, and the management information is performed in TDMA. Therefore, when finalization is finally performed, the number of updates of DDS (TDDS: temporary DDS) performed in TDMA is recorded at the byte position.

In 4 bytes at byte positions 16 to 19, the head physical sector address of the drive area in the DMA is recorded.
In 4 bytes at byte positions 24 to 27, the head physical sector address of the defect list DFL in the DMA is recorded.
4 bytes of byte positions 32 to 35 are the start position (ADus in FIG. 1) of the user data area in the data zone, that is, the position of LSN (Logical Sector Number) “0”, PSN (Phisical Sector Number: (Physical sector address).
Four bytes at byte positions 36 to 39 indicate the end position (ADue in FIG. 1) of the user data area in the data zone by LSN (logical sector address).
The 4 bytes at byte positions 40 to 43 indicate the size of the ISA in the data zone.
The 4 bytes at byte positions 44 to 47 indicate the size of the OSA per layer in the data zone.
The 4 bytes at byte positions 48 to 51 indicate the size of the ISA in the data zone (second layer ISA in the two-layer disc).
In one byte at byte position 52, a spare area full flag indicating whether data can be rewritten using ISA or OSA is shown. The replacement area usable flag indicates that the ISA or the OSA has been used up.
In one byte at the byte position 54, a disk certification flag is shown, which indicates the status of disk certification.
In 4 bytes at byte positions 56 to 59, a verified final address is shown as a last verified address pointer.
Byte positions other than these are reserved (undefined), and are all set to 00h.

In DMA, management information is recorded with the data structure as described above. However, as described above, these pieces of information are recorded in the DMA when the disc is finalized. In this case, the latest management information in the TDMA is reflected.
Replacement processing for defect management and data rewriting and management information update in accordance with the replacement processing are performed in the TDMA described below.

3. TDMA.
3-1 TDMA structure and TDMS update unit.

Next, TDMA will be described. The TDMA (temporary DMA) is an area for recording management information as in the DMA, but is updated by additionally recording management information in response to occurrence of replacement processing according to data rewrite or defect detection. To go.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of TDMA0. As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the size of the TDMA provided in the management / control information area is, for example, 2048 clusters.
FIG. 5C shows a TDMA0 structure using 2048 clusters.
First, the three clusters CL0, CL1, and CL2 from the top of TDMA0 have a function as an access indicator (access indicator area).
The cluster CL2 is a TDMA1 access indicator, and the cluster CL1 is a TDMA2 access indicator. In these TDMA access indicators, a structure including the latest TDDS (Temporary Disc Definition Structure: described later) is recorded when information is recorded for the TDMA for the first time. Specifically, when information is recorded for the first time in TDMA1, the latest TDDS in TDMA1 is recorded in the TDMA1 access indicator of cluster CL2. Similarly, when information is recorded for the first time in TDMA2, the latest TDDS in TDMA2 is recorded in the TDMA2 access indicator of cluster CL1.
Here, as long as the information is updated in TDMA0, no information is written to each TDMA access indicator. That is, from this, if both the TDMA1 access indicator and the TDMA2 access indicator are unwritten, it is found that the latest management information is in TDMA0. Then, according to the above description, if the TDMA1 access indicator has been written, it is determined that the latest management information is in TDMA1, and if the TDMA2 access indicator has been written, the latest management information is in TDMA2. It turns out.

The cluster CL0 is used as a DMA access indicator, and when DMA is recorded at the time of finalization, necessary information in the form according to FIG. 3 is acquired from the latest TDMS (Temporary Disc Management Structure: described later). And record.
As described above, when both the cluster CL1 and the cluster CL2 are unwritten, the latest TDMS can be acquired from TDMA0. Further, when the cluster CL2 has been recorded, the latest TDMS can be acquired from TDMA1, and when the cluster CL1 has been recorded, the latest TDMS can be acquired from TDMA2.
When the DMA access indicator as the cluster CL0 has already been recorded, the disc is finalized and in a write-inhibited state, indicating that the latest disc information can be obtained from the DMA.
The DMA access indicator also serves as information indicating whether or not the disc has been finalized depending on whether or not it has been written.

The TDMA clusters CL3 to CL2047 are used for updating management information as a TDMS writing area.
A structure constituting management information recorded after the cluster CL3 is referred to as a TDMS (Temporary Disc Management Structure).
The TDMS is additionally recorded in units of TDMS update units having a variable size of 1 to N clusters. In the sequential recording mode, N is set to “4”. In the case of a dual-layer disc, the above N is “8”.
For example, in FIG. 5 (d), one cluster TDMS update unit is first recorded in cluster CL3, then one cluster TDMS update unit is recorded in cluster CL4, and two cluster TDMS update units are further recorded in cluster CL5. It shows the state that was done.
The TDMS is sequentially recorded in successive clusters in this way in units of TDMS update units in accordance with the necessity of updating management information. At the time of recording the TDMS update unit, the latest TDMS update unit is recorded without leaving a gap after the last recorded cluster.

When the recording mode is set to the sequential recording mode for the write-once disc of this example, elements constituting the TDMS are TDDS (Temporary Disc Definition Structure), TDFL (Temporary Defect List), SRRI ( Sequential Recording Range Information), and these elements are always recorded in the same TDMA.
As will be described in detail later, the TDDS mainly includes information for managing the TDMS. The TDFL includes actual replacement information (LOW entry, DFL entry). SRRI is management information of SRR (Sequential Recording Range) recorded in the user data area. The continuous recording range referred to here corresponds to a “track” referred to in, for example, a CD or DVD.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C show the configuration of the TDMS update unit.
All TDMS update units are assumed to contain a TDDS of one sector size. The TDDS is arranged in the last sector (data frame) of the cluster constituting the TDMS update unit.
When the TDMS update unit includes a TDFL, the TDFL is arranged in a necessary number of sectors (data frames) from the head of the TDMS update unit.
When SRRI is included in the TDMS update unit, the SRRI is arranged in the terminal side of the TDMS update unit, that is, in the required number of sectors (data frames) immediately before the TDDS.
FIG. 6A shows an example of a TDMS update unit including SRRI and TDDS. The TDMS update unit is, for example, one cluster, and the TDDS is arranged in the last sector (data frame 31). If the size of the SRRI is M sectors, the SRRI is arranged in the M sector (from the data frame (31-M) to the data frame 30) immediately before the TDDS.
In this case, since the TDFL is not recorded, the data frame 0 to the data frame (30-M) are set to zero data (00h).
FIG. 6B is an example of a TDMS update unit including TDFL and TDDS. The TDMS update unit is, for example, K cluster, and the TDDS is arranged in the last sector (data frame 31 of cluster K). If the size of the TDFL is N sectors, the TDFL is arranged from the head to N sectors (data frame 0 of cluster 0 to data frame (x−1) of cluster K. Note that x = mod (N / 32) -1.
In this case, since the SRRI is not recorded, the data frame x to the data frame 30 of the cluster K are set to zero data (00h).
FIG. 6C shows an example of a TDMS update unit including TDFL, SRRI, and TDDS. The TDMS update unit is, for example, K cluster, and the TDDS is arranged in the last sector (data frame 31 of cluster K). If the size of the TDFL is N sectors, the TDFL is arranged from the head to the N sectors (data frame 0 of cluster 0 to data frame (x−1) of cluster (K−1)).
The SRRI is arranged in the M sector (from the data frame (31-M) of cluster K to the data frame 30) immediately before TDDS.
If there is a remaining area between TDFL and SRRI as shown in the figure, that area is filled with zero data (00h).
Needless to say, the number of clusters constituting the TDMS update unit varies depending on the size of the TDFL or SRRI.

FIG. 7 shows a state where the TDMS update unit is additionally recorded. For example, the TDMS update unit # 1 having a two-cluster size is recorded first, and then additionally recorded as # 2, # 3... #X.
For example, when the TDFL needs to be updated, when the SRRI needs to be updated, or when both the TDFL and the SRRI need to be updated, one of the above-described FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C. Additional recording of the required form of TDMS update unit is performed. For example, when the SRRI needs to be updated but the TDFL need not be updated, the configuration shown in FIG.
In FIG. 7, TDMS update unit #y is the latest TDMS update unit. Since the TDMS update unit always includes the TDDS, the TDDS of the TDMS update unit #y is the latest valid TDDS.
This latest TDDS indicates a valid SRRI or TDFL.
The TDMS update unit #y in this example is recorded for the SRRI update. Therefore, the latest TDDS indicates the SRRIn in the TDMS update unit #y as a valid SRRI.
At this time, if the TDFLm in the TDMS update unit #x is valid, the latest TDDS indicates the TDFLm in the TDMS update unit #x as a valid TDFL.
That is, the TDMS additionally recorded after the cluster CL2 in the TDMA of FIG. 5 is a valid TDDS in the latest TDMS update unit, and the latest SRRI and TDFL are indicated by the TDDS.

3-2 TDDS.

FIG. 8 shows the structure of a TDDS (temporary disc definition structure) recorded as the last sector of the TDMS update unit as described above.
The TDDS is composed of one sector (2048 bytes). The same contents as the DDS in the DMA described in FIG. 4 are included. Although the DDS is one cluster (65536 bytes), the substantial content definition in the DDS is performed up to the byte position 59 of the data frame 0 as described in FIG. That is, substantial contents are recorded in the first sector (data frame) of one cluster. For this reason, even if the TDDS is one sector, the main contents of the DDS contents can be included.

Since the TDDS is recorded in the last sector of the last cluster of the TDMS update unit as described above, it is recorded in byte positions 0 to 2047 as the data frame 31.
The TDDS has the same contents as the DDS from the byte positions 0 to 53. That is, when a DDS is recorded by finalization, these contents in the latest TDDS are reflected and recorded in the DDS.
Note that up to the byte position 53 of the DDS and TDDS, the “TDDS Update Count” at the byte positions 4 to 7 is the DDS update count as can be seen with reference to FIG. 4, but this information represents the TDDS in the TDDS. The value is the number of times created. In TDDS, “first PSN of Defect List (P_DFL)” (defect list start PSN) at byte positions 24 to 27 is used until a disc closing process (a process for prohibiting additional writing) is performed. Takes a value of 0.
In the DDS written to the DMA during the closing process, the latest TDDS byte positions 4 to 7 at the time of finalization are written to the DDS byte positions 4 to 7, and the defect list start PSN at the byte positions 24 to 27 is written. Is written.

  In this case, byte positions 53 to 55 and byte positions 57 to 63 sandwiching one byte of byte position 56 “Pre-write Area Flags” are both filled with 0 as reserved areas. The byte positions 64 to 71 are “Status bits of INFO1 / PAC1 locations on L0”, and the byte positions 72 to 79 are “Status bits of INFO1 / PAC2 locations on L0”. Also, byte positions 80 to 87 and byte positions 88 to 95 are “Status bits of INFO1 / PAC1 locations on L1” and “Status bits of INFO1 / PAC2 locations on L1,” respectively. Valid information is written in Furthermore, byte positions 96 to 1023 are reserved areas.

Information not included in the DDS is recorded after the byte position 1024 of the TDDS.
One byte at the byte position 1024 is set to a recording mode, which indicates the recording mode of the disc. Further, 1 byte at byte position 1025 and 2 bytes at byte positions 1026 to 1027 are respectively used as general flag bits and inconsistency flags, and 4 bytes at byte positions 1028 to 1031 are This is a reserved area.
Further, the last physical sector address PSN in which data has been recorded in the user data area is recorded in 4 bytes at byte positions 1032 to 1035. Four bytes at byte positions 1036 to 1039 are a reserved area.

Four bytes at byte positions 1040 to 1051 are allocated as a TDMA size recording area.
That is, 4 bytes at byte positions 1040 to 1043 are recorded with TDMA size (Size of TDMA in Inner Space Area 0) in the ISA, that is, size information of TDMS1, and 4 bytes at byte positions 1044 to 1047 are stored in OSA. The TDMA size (Size of TDMA in Outer Space Area (s)), that is, the size information of TDMA2 is recorded.
In addition, 4 bytes at byte positions 1048 to 1051 are recorded with TDMA size information (Size of TDMA in Inner Space Area 1) in ISA1 in the case of a dual-layer disc described later.
Note that 36 bytes at byte positions 1052 to 1087 are a reserved area.

Information about the test zone and the calibration zone is recorded in byte positions 1088 to 1095 and byte positions 1104 to 1111, respectively. That is, byte positions 1088 to 1091 are “next available PSN of Test Zone on L0”, and byte positions 1092 to 1095 are “next available PSN of Test Zone on L1”. The byte positions 1104 to 1107 are “next available PSN of Drive Calibration Zone on L0”, and the byte positions 1108 to 1111 are “next available PSN of Drive Calibration Zone on L1”.
Note that 8 bytes at byte positions 1096 to 1103 are a reserved area. Also, 8 bytes at byte positions 1112 to 1119 are set as a reserved area.

Four bytes at byte positions 1120 to 1023 indicate the first PSN of the first cluster of the TDFL (First PSN of 1st Cluster of DFL).
Thereafter, the first PSN of the second to eighth clusters of the TDFL is indicated by 4 bytes.
The first PSN of the first cluster of the TDFL to the first PSN of the first cluster of the TDFL are used as pointers of the TDFL, respectively, and an effective TDFL is indicated as shown in FIG.
The 32 bytes from byte positions 1152 to 1183 are reserved areas.

Also, the first PSN of SRRI (SRPS) of SRRI is indicated in 4 bytes at byte positions 1184 to 1087. The first PSN of this SRRI is used as a SRRI pointer, and this is used to indicate a valid SRRI as shown in FIG.
The 4 bytes at byte positions 1188 to 1191 indicate the first PSN of SBM (first PSN of SBM for L1) in the case of a dual-layer disc.
The 24 bytes at the next byte positions 1192 to 1215 are reserved areas.

Four bytes at byte positions 1216 to 1219 indicate an address (Next available PSN of ISA0) to be recorded next in the ISA.
In addition, 4 bytes at byte positions 1220 to 1223 indicate an address (Next available PSN of OSA0) to be recorded next in OSA.
When ISA or OSA is used in the replacement process, these values are updated as addresses to be written next.
In addition, 4 bytes at byte positions 1224 to 1227 indicate an address (Next available PSN of OSA1) to be recorded next in OSA1 in the case of a two-layer disk, and four bytes at byte positions 1228 to 1231 include a double-layer disk. In the case of ISA1, the next recording address (Next available PSN of ISA1) is indicated.
684 bytes from byte positions 1232 to 1915 are reserved areas.

In 4 bytes from byte positions 1916 to 1919, information on the date of recording (Year / Month / Date of Recording) is shown.
The byte positions 1920 to 2048 indicate a drive ID (Drive ID). As the drive ID, a manufacturer's name (Manufactures Name: 48 bytes), an additional ID (Additional ID: 48 bytes), and a unique serial number (Unique Serial Number: 32 bytes) are recorded.

3-3 TDFL.

Next, the configuration of TDFL (temporary DFL) will be described. As described above, the TDFL is updated by being included in the TDMS update unit.
In FIG. 9, the cluster number / data frame number indicates a cluster number in the TDFL and a sector unit of 2048 bytes. The byte position in the data frame (Byte position in Data frame) indicates the internal byte position in each data frame.

As the contents of the TDFL, 64 bytes from the byte position 0 are used as a TDFL header (Temporary Defect List Header) that stores TDFL management information.
This TDFL header includes information such as information for identifying a TDFL cluster, version, the number of TDFL updates (TDFL recording update), and the number of entries in the TDFL information block (DFL entry / LOW entry).

After byte position 64, there is a temporary list of defects composed of a plurality of information blocks, and the size of each information block is 8 bytes. When N information blocks exist, the size is N × 8 bytes.
One information block of 8 bytes is one replacement information, which is a DFL entry or a LOW entry.
Although the DFL entry and the LOW entry are substantially the same replacement information, for convenience of explanation, the DFL entry is replacement information of a defective area, and the LOW (Logical Overwrite) entry is replacement information used for data rewriting.
Since the DFL entry and the LOW entry indicate substantially the same processing (alternate processing), they may be mixed as information blocks in the temporary list of defects.
The temporary list of defects is composed of a plurality of DFL entries and LOW entries, and the total number of DFL entries and LOW entries is 32759 at the maximum in the case of a single-layer disc.
Immediately after the temporary list of defect, a temporary defect list termination (Temporary Defect List Terminator) is recorded in 8 bytes to indicate that the temporary list of defect is finished. Thereafter, the end of the cluster is filled with zeros.

FIG. 10A shows the configuration of an 8-byte DFL entry that is an individual information block. Note that the same format is used for a LOW entry.
Of the 8 bytes (= 64 bits), 4 bits of bits b63 to b60 are set to status 1.
The 28 bits of bits b59 to b32 are used as a replacement source address (first PSN of a replacement source cluster).
The 4 bits of bits b31 to b28 are status 2.
The 28 bits of bits b27 to b0 are used as a replacement destination address (first PSN of the replacement destination cluster).

The meaning of statuses 1 and 2 is shown in FIG.
When the statuses 1 and 2 are “0000” and “0000”, the DFL entry (or LOW entry) becomes normal replacement information.
That is, the replacement process of one cluster is indicated by the replacement source address and the replacement destination address recorded in the entry. That is, replacement processing based on defect detection or replacement processing for data rewriting is entered.
In the case of a DFL entry indicating a defect replacement, the replacement destination address is an address in the replacement area (ISA, OSA) shown in FIG.
In the case of a LOW entry by a replacement process for data rewriting, the replacement destination address is an address selected in the user data area. However, an area in the ISA and OSA may be used as the replacement destination in this case.

When the statuses 1 and 2 are “0001” and “0000”, the DFL entry indicates a defect cluster that has not been replaced.
Here, even when a defect cluster is found at the time of data writing or the like, the replacement process using ISA and OSA may not be performed. In such a case, the replacement process is not performed, but the defective cluster is registered as one DFL entry.
In the DFL entry, statuses 1 and 2 are “0001” and “0000”, and the defective cluster is indicated as a replacement source cluster of bits b59 to b32. In this case, since there is no replacement destination cluster, bits b27 to b0 are, for example, zero data.

When the statuses 1 and 2 are “0000” and “0001”, the entry indicates the start address of burst block replacement.
If the statuses 1 and 2 are “0000” and “0010”, the entry indicates the end address of burst block replacement.
Burst block replacement is replacement processing in which a plurality of physically continuous clusters are replaced together.
That is, in the entries whose statuses 1 and 2 are “0000” and “0001”, the top PSN of the top cluster for the plurality of cluster ranges to be replaced and the top PSN of the top cluster of the plurality of cluster ranges to be replaced are recorded.
Also, in the entries whose statuses 1 and 2 are “0000” and “0010”, the top PSN of the last cluster for the plurality of cluster ranges to be replaced and the top PSN of the last cluster of the plurality of cluster ranges to be replaced are recorded.
With these two entries, a continuous plurality of cluster ranges can be managed as a batch replacement process. In other words, when a plurality of physically continuous clusters are managed together as a replacement, it is not necessary to enter all of the plurality of clusters one by one, but to enter two replacement information for the first cluster and the last cluster. What you need to do.

The DFL entry and the LOW entry are mixed in the TDFL in the same format. However, when the disk of this example is loaded in a device that does not have the ability to rewrite data, both the DFL entry and the LOW entry are used as the DFL entry. As a result, the read-out compatibility is maintained.

3-4 SRR and SRRI.

Next, SRR (Sequential Recording Range) and SRRI (Sequential Recording Range Information) will be described.
The structure of the SRR is shown in FIG. SRR is a writing area (continuous recording range) used in the sequential recording mode for the write-once disk of this example, and is similar to the following tracks <1> to <5 in the CD. It has the following features.

<1> In the SRR, recording is performed in the address increasing direction, and it is possible to have only one recordable address (additional writing point). The address as the additional writing point is called NWA (Next Writable Address, PSN).
As shown in FIG. 11A, when the last recorded address in the SRR is LRA (Last Recorded Address, PSN), NWA is expressed by the following equation.
NWA = (ip (LRA / 32) + 1) * 32 (if LRA ≠ 0).
NWA = Start PSN of the SRR (if LRA = 0).
Where ip (N) is an integer smaller than N and represents the largest integer.
That is, if recording is performed in the SRR, the NWA is the start address (PSN) of the next cluster after the cluster including the LRA. If the SRR is not yet recorded, the NWA is the start address of the SRR. (PSN).
<2> The SRR takes one of two statuses, Open and Closed.
Here, Open SRR in FIG. 11A represents a recordable (that is, having an NWA) SRR, and Closed SRR in FIG. 11B represents an unrecordable (that is, having no NWA) SRR.
<3> The process of securing Open SRR on the disk is called SRR reserve, and the process of changing the status of Open SRR to Closed is called SRR close.
<4> A plurality of SRRs (up to 7927) can exist on the disk, and among them, up to 16 Open SRRs can exist simultaneously.
<5> SRRs to be written can be selected in any order.

As an actual usage method, Open SRR reserve is used when the file system management information is recorded in the management area after the file data is recorded on the disk while the file system management area is secured in front of the file data. .
FIG. 11C shows a sample layout of the disc when recording is performed in the sequential recording mode.
There are four SRRs (SRR # 1 to SRR # 4) on this disk, SRR # 1, SRR # 3 and SRR # 4 are Open SRR, and SRR # 2 is Closed SRR.
When additional recording is performed on this disc, recording is possible from any of NWA1, NWA3, and NWA4.

SRRI is recorded by the TDMS update unit as information for managing the SRR.
FIG. 12 shows the configuration of the SRRI.
The SRRI is composed of data frames 1 to 31.
The relative data frame number (Relative Data Frame) in FIG. 12 indicates each data frame in the cluster. As described above, the SRRI is arranged immediately before the TDDS recorded in the final data frame 31 of the TDMS update unit. Therefore, assuming that the SRRI has the size of M sectors, the SRRI has a data frame (31-M) to data. Arranged on the frame 30. The byte position in the data frame (Byte position in Data frame) indicates the byte position inside each data frame.

The first 64 bytes of the SRRI are used as an SRRI header (SRRI Header) that stores SRRI management information.
The SRRI header includes information that identifies the SRRI cluster, information such as the version, the number of SRRI updates (SRRI record update), and the total number of SRR entries (blocks indicating SRR information).
The subsequent byte position 64 and thereafter is a list of a plurality of SRR entries (List of SRRI Entries).
The size of each SRR entry included in the list (List of SRRI Entries) is 8 bytes. When there are N SRR entries, the size of the list is N × 8 bytes.
Immediately after the last SRR entry, an 8-byte SRRI terminator is arranged, and thereafter, the end of the cluster is filled with zeros.

The configuration of the SRRI header is shown in FIG.
Two bytes at byte positions 0 to 1 are used as SRRI-ID (SRRI Identifier) that stores management information of SRRI.
One byte at byte position 2 is an SRRI format (SRRI Format) indicating a version of the SRRI format.
Four bytes at byte positions 4 to 7 are used as an SRRI update count (SRRI Update Count) indicating the number of times of updating the SRRI.
Four bytes at byte positions 12 to 15 are the number of SRR entries (Number of SRR Entries) representing the total number of SRR entries.
One byte at byte position 16 is the number of open SRRs (Number of Open SRRs) indicating the total number of SRRs whose status is open.
From byte position 20, a list of all Open SRR numbers (List of Open SRR Numbers) is recorded.
The structure of this list (List of Open SRR Numbers) is shown in FIG. Each Open SRR number is 2 bytes, a total of 16 sizes, 32 bytes. If the total number of Open SRRs is less than 16, the rest of the list (List of Open SRR Numbers) is filled with zeros. The list (List of Open SRR Numbers) needs to be modified and sorted in descending order whenever the total number of Open SRRs increases or decreases.

FIG. 14 shows the configuration of an SRR entry to be registered in the entry list (List of SRRI Entries) in FIG. 12 following such an SRRI header. Let the entry number be i.
Each SRR entry, each indicating a certain SRR, consists of 8 bytes (64 bits).
Four bits b63 to b60 are reserved (undefined).
The 28 bits of bits b59 to b32 are used as the start address of SRR # i existing in the user data area. That is, the top PSN of the start cluster of SRR # i is indicated.
Bit b31 is a session start, and is a bit indicating whether or not this SRR is the first SRR of the session. When this bit is 1, this SRR indicates that the session starts from the first SRR of the session, that is, this SRR.
Three bits b30 to b28 are reserved (undefined).
In 28 bits of bits b27 to b0, LRA (Last Recorded Address: see FIG. 11) in SRR # i is indicated by PSN.

As described above, the number and address of each SRR existing in the user data area and the LRA of each SRR are managed by the SRRI including the SRRI header and the SRR entry. Further, as described above, the NWA (Next Writable Address) of the open SRR can be calculated from the value of the LRA (Last Recorded Address) in the SRR entry corresponding to the SRR.
Such SRRI is used for the TDMS update unit when the SRR management state needs to be updated, such as when the SRR is reserved, when an additional recording is made from the NWA in the SRR, or when the SRR is closed. Updated to include SRRI.

3-5 Replacement process using a replacement area.

Here, a replacement process using fixed replacement areas as ISA and OSA will be described.
The ISA (inner spare area: inner spare area) and OSA (outer spare area: outer spare area) are secured on the inner and outer circumferences in the data zone as replacement areas for replacement processing of defective clusters. .
The sizes of ISA and OSA are defined in the above-mentioned DDS and TDDS.
The sizes (sizes) of ISA and OSA are determined at the time of initialization, and the subsequent sizes are also fixed.

The replacement process of defect clusters using these ISA and OSA is performed as follows.
For example, when data is written by a request from the host device, if the cluster specified as the write address is a defective cluster, proper data recording cannot be performed. In that case, the data to be recorded is written in a certain cluster in the ISA or OSA. This is a replacement process.
This replacement process is managed as the DFL entry. In other words, one DFL entry is registered with the address of the defective cluster that cannot perform data recording as the replacement source and the address of the cluster into which data is written in the ISA or OSA as the replacement destination.

Note that when there is a request for writing to a recorded address, that is, data rewriting, the replacement destination for actually recording the data to be written to the target address is basically in the user data area, for example, NWA in the SRR, etc. Is selected.
In the case of data rewriting, a LOW entry corresponding to the replacement may be registered. By managing the change of the data position by rewriting with the LOW entry in the TDFL in the TDMA, the data is substantially (for example, viewed from the host system OS, file system, etc.) while being a write-once disk. Rewriting can be realized.

3-6 Append process to TDMA.

FIG. 15 schematically shows the boundary portion between the lead-in zone and the data zone and the structure in TDMA0 provided in the lead-in zone as a diagram for explaining the TDMA additional recording process. Also, TDMA1 is set in the ISA (inner spare area).
As described above, the top three clusters of TDMA0 in the lead-in zone are allocated as recording areas for access indicators. As shown in FIG. 15A, the first cluster CL0 is a DMA access indicator, the next cluster CL1 is a TDMA2 access indicator, and the next cluster CL2 is a TDMA1 access indicator. In the state of FIG. 15A, the TDMA1 access indicator, the TDMA2 access indicator, and the DMA access indicator are all unwritten, and the data is not written to the TDMS write area of TDMA0. That is, FIG. 15A shows a case where the disc is a blank disc.

Here, as shown in FIG. 15 (b) and FIG. 15 (c), the TDMS writing of TDMA0 is performed as the user data area is recorded several times from the state shown in FIG. 15 (a). It is assumed that TDMS update units are gradually added as TDMS1, TDMS2,.
As shown in FIG. 15 (a) to FIG. 15 (b) → FIG. 15 (c), as long as the TDMS update unit is additionally written in TDMA0, any TDMA access is performed. No information is recorded on the indicator. That is, the fact that the TDMA access indicator is not written represents a case where the latest TDMS exists in the blank disk or TDMA0.

As described above, the TDMS is gradually added. For example, when the TDMS update unit is added for the Nth time (TDMSn is added), the TDMSn is added to the TDMS writing area of the TDMA0 as shown in FIG. Suppose that there is no more free space available for writing.
In this way, when there is no additional recording area, a new recording is added to the TDMA.

  However, in this case, instead of immediately adding TDMS to TDMA1, which is the next TDMA, as shown in FIG. 15E, the remaining area in the TDMS writing area of TDMA0 is padded. Is done. That is, the remaining area in the TDMS writing area of TDMA0 is filled with 0.

After that, TDMS (in this case, TDMSn) is additionally written in TDMA1 set in the inner spare area. The start address of TDMA1 is fixed to the start address of ISA, and the end address is variable (for example, selectable at initialization).
Although not shown in the figure, when the TDMA1 is used up for writing the TDMS, the TDMS is recorded by using the TDMA2 set in the OSA (outer spare area). The start address of TDMA2 is variable (for example, can be selected at initialization), and the end address is fixed to the OSA end address.

  Further, when TDMS recording is first performed for TDMA1 and TDMA2 as described above, information is recorded in the corresponding TDMA access indicator. As described above, when TDMS is recorded by newly using TDMA1, information is recorded on the TDMA1 access indicator. When TDMS is recorded by newly using TDMA2, information is recorded on the TDMA2 access indicator.

Here, FIG. 16 shows a data structure in the TDMA access indicator when information recording is performed in accordance with the addition of a new TDMA. As shown in FIG. 16, the data structure of the TDMA access indicator is such that the area of all 32 sectors is filled with 32 copies of the latest TDDS.
That is, when the use of TDMA1 is started, the TDMA1 access indicator is filled with a copy of the TDDS in the TDMS added to the TDMA1. Similarly, when the use of TDMA2 is started, the TDMA2 access indicator is filled with a copy of the TDDS in the TDMS added to the TDMA2.

  Further, as described above with reference to FIG. 8, information on the size of TDMA1 and TDMA2 is stored in the TDDS, and from this information (and the fixed start address of TDMA1 and end address of TDMA2), The start address and end address of TDMA1 and TDMA2 can be calculated. If these start address and end address are obtained, the latest TDDS TDDS can be obtained by examining the last recorded address between them. As described above, the TDDS is written in the last sector in the TDMS.

  In this way, the TDMA access indicator has a function of indicating in which TDMA the latest TDMS exists depending on the presence or absence of writing, and also has a function of indicating the location of the latest TDDS as described above.

Although not illustrated, the DMA access indicator is filled with DDS generated based on the latest TDDS at that time when the disc is finalized. That is, the DMA access indicator has a function of indicating whether or not the disc has been finalized depending on the presence or absence of writing, and indicating the location of the DDS by the information content.

4). Configuration of the disk drive device.

Next, a configuration example of a disk drive device (disk drive device 10) corresponding to the above write-once disk will be described with reference to FIG.
The disk drive device 10 formats a write-once disk, for example, a disk in which only the pre-recorded information area PIC in FIG. 1 is formed and the write-once area is not recorded on anything. By performing the processing, it is possible to form the disk layout in the state described with reference to FIG. 1, and data is recorded / reproduced in / from the user data area on such a formatted disk. When necessary, TDMA is also updated.

In FIG. 17, the disk 1 loaded in the disk drive device 10 is the write-once disk described above. Note that the disk drive device 10 can perform recording / reproduction on a rewritable disk and reproduction on a ROM disk.
The disk 1 is loaded on a turntable (not shown) and is driven to rotate at a constant linear velocity (CLV) by a spindle motor 52 during a recording / reproducing operation.
Then, an ADIP address embedded as wobbling of the groove track on the disk 1 and management / control information as prerecorded information are read by the optical pickup 51 (optical head).
In initialization format or when user data is recorded, management / control information and user data are recorded on the track in the write-once area by the optical pickup. During reproduction, the data recorded by the optical pickup is read out.

In the pickup 51, a laser diode serving as a laser light source, a photodetector for detecting reflected light, an objective lens serving as an output end of the laser light, and a laser recording light are irradiated onto the disk recording surface via the objective lens. An optical system (not shown) for guiding the reflected light to the photodetector is formed.
The objective lens is held in the pickup 51 so as to be movable in the tracking direction and the focus direction by a biaxial mechanism.
The entire pickup 51 can be moved in the radial direction of the disk by a thread mechanism 53.
The laser diode in the pickup 51 is driven to emit laser light by a drive signal (drive current) from the laser driver 63.

Reflected light information from the disk 1 is detected by a photodetector in the pickup 51, converted into an electric signal corresponding to the amount of received light, and supplied to the matrix circuit 54.
The matrix circuit 54 includes a current-voltage conversion circuit, a matrix calculation / amplification circuit, and the like corresponding to output currents from a plurality of light receiving elements as photodetectors, and generates necessary signals by matrix calculation processing.
For example, a high frequency signal (reproduction data signal) corresponding to reproduction data, a focus error signal for servo control, a tracking error signal, and the like are generated.
Further, a push-pull signal is generated as a signal related to groove wobbling, that is, a signal for detecting wobbling.
Note that the matrix circuit 54 may be integrally formed in the pickup 51.
The reproduction data signal output from the matrix circuit 54 is supplied to the reader / writer circuit 55, the focus error signal and tracking error signal are supplied to the servo circuit 61, and the push-pull signal is supplied to the wobble circuit 58.

The reader / writer circuit 55 performs binarization processing on the reproduction data signal, reproduction clock generation processing using a PLL, etc., reproduces the data read by the pickup 51, and supplies the data to the modulation / demodulation circuit 56.
The modem circuit 56 includes a functional part as a decoder at the time of reproduction and a functional part as an encoder at the time of recording.
At the time of reproduction, as a decoding process, a run-length limited code is demodulated based on the reproduction clock.
The ECC encoder / decoder 57 performs an ECC encoding process for adding an error correction code at the time of recording and an ECC decoding process for correcting an error at the time of reproduction.
At the time of reproduction, the data demodulated by the modulation / demodulation circuit 56 is taken into an internal memory, and error detection / correction processing and deinterleaving processing are performed to obtain reproduction data.
The data decoded up to the reproduction data by the ECC encoder / decoder 57 is read based on an instruction from the system controller 60 and is connected via the interface 64 to a host device 120 such as a personal computer or AV (Audio-Visual). ) Transferred to the device.

The push-pull signal output from the matrix circuit 54 as a signal related to groove wobbling is processed in the wobble circuit 58. The push-pull signal as ADIP information is demodulated into a data stream constituting an ADIP address in the wobble circuit 58 and supplied to the address decoder 59.
The address decoder 59 decodes the supplied data, obtains an address value, and supplies it to the system controller 60.
The address decoder 59 generates a clock by PLL processing using the wobble signal supplied from the wobble circuit 58, and supplies the clock to each unit, for example, as an encode clock during recording.

Further, as a push-pull signal output from the matrix circuit 54 as a signal related to the wobbling of the groove, the push-pull signal as the pre-recorded information PIC is subjected to band-pass filter processing in the wobble circuit 58, and the reader / writer circuit 55 To be supplied. Then, after binarization and a data bit stream, the ECC encoder / decoder 57 performs ECC decoding and deinterleaving, and data as prerecorded information is extracted. The extracted prerecorded information is supplied to the system controller 60.
The system controller 60 can perform various operation setting processes, copy protection processes, and the like based on the read prerecorded information.

At the time of recording, recording data is transferred from the host device 120. The recording data is sent to the memory in the ECC encoder / decoder 57 via the interface 64 and buffered.
In this case, the ECC encoder / decoder 57 performs error correction code addition, interleaving, subcode addition, and the like as encoding processing of the buffered recording data.
The ECC-encoded data is subjected to, for example, RLL (1-7) PP modulation in the modulation / demodulation circuit 56 and supplied to the reader / writer circuit 55.
As described above, the clock generated from the wobble signal is used as the reference clock for the encoding process during recording.

The recording data generated by the encoding process is subjected to recording compensation processing by the reader / writer circuit 55, and fine adjustment of the optimum recording power and adjustment of the laser drive pulse waveform with respect to recording layer characteristics, laser beam spot shape, recording linear velocity, etc. Etc. are sent to the laser driver 63 as a laser drive pulse.
The laser driver 63 applies the supplied laser drive pulse to the laser diode in the pickup 51 to perform laser emission driving. As a result, pits corresponding to the recording data are formed on the disk 1.
The laser driver 63 includes a so-called APC circuit (Auto Power Control), and the laser output is monitored regardless of the temperature or the like while monitoring the laser output power by the output of the laser power monitoring detector provided in the pickup 51. Control to be constant. The target value of the laser output at the time of recording and reproduction is given from the system controller 60, and the laser output level is controlled to be the target value at the time of recording and reproduction.

The servo circuit 61 generates various servo drive signals for focus, tracking, and thread from the focus error signal and tracking error signal from the matrix circuit 54, and executes the servo operation.
That is, a focus drive signal and a tracking drive signal are generated according to the focus error signal and tracking error signal, and the focus coil and tracking coil of the biaxial mechanism in the pickup 51 are driven. Thus, a pickup 51, a matrix circuit 54, a servo circuit 61, a tracking servo loop and a focus servo loop by a biaxial mechanism are formed.
The servo circuit 61 turns off the tracking servo loop and outputs a jump drive signal in response to a track jump command from the system controller 60, thereby executing a track jump operation.
The servo circuit 61 generates a thread drive signal based on a thread error signal obtained as a low frequency component of the tracking error signal, access execution control from the system controller 60, and the like, and drives the thread mechanism 53. Although not shown, the sled mechanism 53 has a mechanism including a main shaft that holds the pickup 51, a sled motor, a transmission gear, and the like. Movement is performed.

The spindle servo circuit 62 performs control to rotate the spindle motor 2 at CLV.
The spindle servo circuit 62 obtains the clock generated by the PLL processing for the wobble signal as the current rotational speed information of the spindle motor 52 and compares it with predetermined CLV reference speed information to generate a spindle error signal. .
At the time of data reproduction, the reproduction clock (clock serving as a reference for decoding processing) generated by the PLL in the reader / writer circuit 55 becomes the current rotational speed information of the spindle motor 52, and this is used as a predetermined CLV. A spindle error signal can also be generated by comparing with the reference speed information.
The spindle servo circuit 62 outputs a spindle drive signal generated according to the spindle error signal, and causes the spindle motor 62 to perform CLV rotation.
The spindle servo circuit 62 generates a spindle drive signal in response to a spindle kick / brake control signal from the system controller 60, and executes operations such as starting, stopping, acceleration, and deceleration of the spindle motor 2.

Various operations of the servo system and the recording / reproducing system as described above are controlled by a system controller 60 formed by a microcomputer.
The system controller 60 executes various processes in response to commands from the host device 120.
For example, when a write command (write command) is issued from the host device 120, the system controller 60 first moves the pickup 51 to the address to be written. Then, the ECC encoder / decoder 57 and the modulation / demodulation circuit 56 cause the encoding process to be performed on the data (for example, MPEG video data, audio data, etc.) transferred from the host device 120 as described above. Then, recording is executed by supplying the laser drive pulse from the reader / writer circuit 55 to the laser driver 63 as described above.
Further, for example, when a read command for transferring certain data (such as MPEG video data) recorded on the disk 1 is supplied from the host device 120, seek operation control is first performed for the designated address. Do. That is, a command is issued to the servo circuit 61 to cause the pickup 51 to access the address specified by the seek command.
Thereafter, operation control necessary for transferring the data in the designated data section to the host device 120 is performed. That is, data reading from the disk 1 is performed, decoding / buffering and the like in the reader / writer circuit 55, the modem circuit 56, and the ECC encoder / decoder 57 are executed, and the requested data is transferred.
In recording and reproducing these data, the system controller 60 can control access and recording / reproducing operations using the ADIP address detected by the wobble circuit 58 and the address decoder 59.

Further, at a predetermined time such as when the disc 1 is loaded, the system controller 60 records the unique ID recorded in the BCA of the disc 1 (when the BCA is formed) or a wobbling groove in the reproduction-only area. The prerecorded information (PIC) is read out.
In that case, seek operation control is first performed for the purpose of BCA and pre-recorded data zone PR. That is, a command is issued to the servo circuit 61 to cause the pickup 51 to access the innermost circumference of the disk.
Thereafter, a reproduction trace by the pickup 51 is executed to obtain a push-pull signal as reflected light information, a decoding process is executed by the wobble circuit 58, the reader / writer circuit 55, and the ECC encoder / decoder 57, and BCA information and pre-recorded are obtained. Reproduction data as information is obtained.
The system controller 60 performs laser power setting, copy protection processing, and the like based on the BCA information and prerecorded information read out in this way.

FIG. 16 shows a cache memory 60 a in the system controller 60. The cache memory 60a is used for holding and updating TDDS / TDFL / SRRI read from the TDMA of the disk 1, for example.
For example, when the unfinalized disc 1 is loaded, the system controller 60 controls each unit to read out the TDDS / TDFL / SRRI recorded in the TDMA, and stores the read information in the cache memory 60a. Hold on.
Thereafter, when data writing / rewriting or replacement processing due to a defect is performed, SRRI, TDFL, and the like are updated in the cache memory 60a.
For example, when a replacement process is performed by data writing or data rewriting, and SRRI or TDFL is updated, a TDMS update unit may be additionally recorded in the TDMA (or ATDMA) of the disk 1 each time. However, doing so would expedite the TDMA consumption of the disk 1.
Thus, for example, when data is additionally recorded and the LRA (Last Recorded Address) as the SRRI is updated, the SRRI is updated in the cache memory 60a for a certain number of times, and the cache memory is stored at a certain time. A method is adopted in which the SRRI that has been updated in (1) is recorded on the disc 1 by the TDMS update unit.
Also, for example, until the disk 1 is ejected from the disk drive device, the TDFL / SRRI is updated in the cache memory 60a, and the final (latest) in the cache memory 60a is ejected. A method of writing the TDFL / SRRI in the TDMA of the disk 1 is also conceivable.

When the host device 120 is, for example, a personal computer, the host device 120 includes a CPU 101, an interface 102, an HDD 103, a ROM / RAM 104, and a user interface 105.
The interface 102 communicates commands and recording / reproduction data with the disk drive device 10.
An HDD (hard disk drive) 103 is used to store AV data, application programs, and the like.
The ROM / RAM 104 is used as a work area for the CPU 101 and for storing programs started by the CPU 101.
The user interface 105 indicates a part or device that performs input / output for a user, such as a display unit for video / characters such as a monitor display, an audio output unit such as a speaker, and an operation input unit such as a keyboard and a switch.
Such a host device 120 is a device that uses the disk drive device 10 as a storage device for AV data in accordance with an application program activated by the CPU 101.
The host device 120 is assumed not to be a personal computer, but to be a video camera, an audio system, an AV editing device, and other various devices as an actual form.

5. Disc recognition process.

When the disk 1 is loaded into the disk drive device (or when the power is turned on while the disk 1 is loaded), the system controller 60 of the disk drive device performs recognition processing for the disk 1. Specifically, finalized, unfinalized and in use, or a blank disc is determined. Further, in the case of a finalized disc, DMA information necessary for the subsequent reproduction operation is acquired. If the disc is an unfinalized disc, the latest TDMS is searched for, the TDDS (valid TDDS) of the last sector of the latest TDMS is read, and the information (valid TDDS, TDFL, SRRI).
The operation of this example regarding such disc recognition processing will be described.

As described above, a DMA access indicator, a TDMA1 access indicator, and a TDMA2 access indicator are provided in TDMA0.
The two TDMA access indicators indicate which TDMA has the latest TDMS depending on whether or not they are written. If both TDMA access indicators are unwritten, it indicates that either TDMA0 has the latest TDMS or is a blank disk (that is, data is not yet written in the user data area). become. In this case, whether or not the disc is a blank disc can be determined by examining whether or not the TDMA0 is actually written.
In addition, depending on the DMA access indicator, whether or not finalization has been completed is indicated by the presence or absence of the writing. That is, if the DMA access indicator has been recorded, it has been finalized. In this case, it can be recognized that management information necessary for DMA is recorded.

The disc drive apparatus of this example basically performs disc recognition processing using an access indicator when the disc 1 is loaded based on such an idea. Further, even if the disk recognition process based on the access indicator fails, a process for recovering it and leading to the recognition success is performed.
18, 19, and 20 (or FIG. 21) show examples of disc recognition processing in this example.
The processing operation shown in FIG. 18 is started when the system controller 60 is loaded with, for example, the disk 1.

First, in step F101, processing for reading four clusters from the head of TDMA0 is executed. That is, an instruction is given to the servo circuit 61 to cause the pickup 51 to perform read access for the first four clusters in TDMA0.
These four clusters are CL0, CL1, CL2, and CL3 shown in FIG. 5, that is, clusters that write the DMA access indicator, the TDMA1 access indicator, the TDMA2 access indicator, and the first TDMS update unit of TDMA0.
Here, it is only necessary to determine the first cluster that has been written out of the four clusters. Specifically, it is determined whether the first address (address of the first sector) of each cluster has been written. Read access may be performed to confirm the above.
However, of course, it is also possible to read out the entire four clusters and read out the read data into the cache memory 60a, for example.

In step F102, the process branches depending on whether or not the search for the written head address in the four clusters has failed. For example, if the data cannot be read properly due to dirt or scratches attached to the disk 1, the search fails here.
If the search fails due to inability to read due to scratches, dirt, etc., error processing will be performed as a disk recognition failure (or reading will be repeated many times) according to the conventional concept. The process proceeds to the process of FIG. 20 or FIG.

When the confirmation of the written start address of the four clusters is normally successful and it is determined that there is no written cluster, the system controller 60 proceeds from step F103 to F104, and the loaded disk 1 is blank. Judge as a disk.
The case where all of the four clusters are not written is a case where TDMA0 is not used for writing of TDMS at the fourth cluster (CL3). That is, since no user data has been recorded, the disc may be determined as a blank disc. In this case, the process proceeds to a blank disk loading process (not shown).

  In the search for four clusters, if the DMA access indicator that is the first cluster (CL0) is the recorded first cluster, the system controller 60 proceeds from step F105 to F106, and the disk 1 is a finalized disk. It is determined that That is, the fact that the DMA access indicator is recorded indicates that the DMA has already been recorded by the finalizing process. In this case, the system controller 60 proceeds to a DMA read control process in step F107.

In the search for the four clusters, if the first cluster of TDMA0 that is the fourth cluster (CL3) is determined to be the recorded first cluster, the system controller 60 proceeds from step F108 to F109, and the disk 1 is transferred to TDMA0. It is determined that the latest TDMS is recorded. That is, since the DMA access indicator, the TDMA1 access indicator, and the TDMA2 access indicator are not written, the DMA, TDMA2, and TDMA1 are not used yet, and the recording of the TDMS update unit corresponding to the writing of the user data is performed. This is because it can be determined that the situation is performed in TDMA0.
In this case, the system controller 60 executes control processing for searching for the latest TDMS in TDMA0 in step F110. That is, at this time, the latest TDMS recorded last in the TDMA0 is searched, the TDDS of the last sector is read, and a control process of reading valid TDFL and SRRI based on the information of the TDDS is executed.

In the search for four clusters, when the steps F102, F103, F105, and F108 do not correspond, the TDMA (n) access indicator is determined to be the recorded first cluster. That is, the TDMA1 access indicator that is the third cluster (CL2) is the recorded first cluster, or the TDMA2 access indicator that is the second cluster (CL1) is the recorded first cluster. In this case, the system controller 60 proceeds from step F108 to F111, and determines that the latest TDMS exists in TDMA (n).
In step F112, control is performed to read the TDDS recorded in the TDMA (n) access indicator. That is, the TDDS of the access indicator that is the recorded first cluster among the four clusters is read. Specifically, either the TDMA1 access indicator (CL2) or the TDMA2 access indicator (CL1) is read.
In the case where the entire four clusters are read in step F101 and the read data is stored in the cache memory 60a, it is naturally unnecessary to read again at this stage.

If the reading of the TDDS from the access indicator is successful, the system controller 60 proceeds to step F114 and performs the latest TDMS search process in the TDMA (n). As described above, the positions of TDMA1 and TDMA2 are indefinite, but the positions of TDMA1 and TDMA2 can be calculated from information recorded in TDDS.
Since the start address of the TDMA1 formed in the ISA is fixed, the end address can be calculated using the size of the TDMA1 in the ISA in TDDS (Size of TDMA in Inner Space Area 0).
Since the end address of TDMA2 formed in OSA is fixed, the head address can be calculated using the size of TDMA2 in OSA in TDDS (Size of TDMA in Outer Space Area (s)).
Thus, by reading the TDDS from the access indicator, the position of the target TDMA (n), that is, TDMA1 or TDMA2, can be confirmed. Therefore, the system controller 60 can execute the latest TDMS search process for the TDMA1 or TDMA2 area.

  On the other hand, if reading of the TDDS from the TDMA (n) access indicator fails, the position of the TDMA (n) where the latest TDMS search processing should be performed cannot be grasped. This is performed (or TDDS read retry is performed many times), but in this example, the process proceeds to the process of FIG. 19 described later.

The process of FIG. 19 in this case will be described.
When the TDDS recorded in the TDMA (n) access indicator cannot be read, the position of the TDMA (n) where the latest TDMS search process should be performed cannot be grasped as it is. Therefore, as step F201 in FIG. 19, the system controller 60 performs a TDDS search in TDMA0 and performs control to read out the TDDS. At this time, the TDDS to be read may not be the latest TDDS. That is, the pickup 51 is made to access TDMA0, and the TDDS of the last sector of a certain TDMS in TDMA0 is read.
Note that if the process of fetching TDMA0 (CL3) data into the cache memory 60a is performed in the cache memory 60a at the time of step F101 and the cluster CL3 includes TDDS, the read access is performed again here. There is no need to do.
If the reading of the TDDS is successful, the process proceeds from step F202 to F204. If at least one TDDS can be read, the size information of the TDMA1 and TDMA2 included in the TDDS can be known. Thereby, the position of the target TDMA (n) can be known. In step F204, the position of the target TDMA (n) is calculated, and the latest TDMS search process is executed for the TDMA (n).
If no TDDS can be read from TDMA0, disk recognition fails in step F203.

Next, a process when it is determined in step F102 of FIG. 18 that the search for the recorded first cluster among the four clusters has failed will be described with reference to FIG. That is, this is a case where the reading of the clusters CL0, CL1, CL2, and CL3 cannot be performed properly, and the disk is not recognized at all.
In this case, as step F301 in FIG. 20, the system controller 60 first performs a TDDS search in TDMA0, that is, TDMA0 (cluster CL3), and performs control to read out the TDDS. At this time, the TDDS to be read may not be the latest TDDS. That is, the pickup 51 is made to access TDMA0, and the TDDS of the last sector of a certain TDMS in TDMA0 is read.

In this case, if it can be determined that TDMA0 is unwritten, the loaded disk 1 can be determined as a blank disk. That is, the process proceeds from step F302 to F303 to determine that the disk is a blank disk, and thereafter, processing corresponding to the blank disk is performed.
If no TDDS can be read from TDMA0, the process proceeds from step F304 to F305, and the disk recognition fails.

  If at least one TDDS can be read by reading TDMA0, the process proceeds from step F304 to F306, and information on the TDDS is used to start and end TDMA1 and later (that is, TDMA1 and TDMA2 in the case of a single layer). Calculate the address. When the positions of TDMA1 and TDMA2 are grasped by this, “1” is set to the variable i in step F307, and the process proceeds to step F308.

In step F308, the system controller 60 performs control to confirm the writing state of the leading cluster of TDMA (i). Since i = 1 at first, the pickup 51 is accessed to the head cluster of TDMA1, and it is determined whether or not the head cluster has been written.
If the first cluster of TDMA1 is unwritten, it can be determined that TDMA1 has not been used yet and that TDMA (i-1), that is, TDMA0 in this case is in use. Accordingly, the process proceeds from step F309 to F310 to determine that the latest TDMS exists in TDMA0, and the process proceeds to step F311 to execute the latest TDMS search process for TDMA0.

If it is determined in step F309 that TDMA (i), that is, the first cluster of TDMA1 has been written, it is determined in step F312 whether TDMA (i + 1) exists. When i = 1, TDMA (i + 1), that is, TDMA2 exists, so the variable i is incremented in step F319 and the process returns to step F308.
Therefore, next, i = 2 is set, and the pickup 51 is accessed to the leading cluster of TDMA2, and it is determined whether or not the leading cluster of TDMA2 has been written.
If the first cluster of TDMA2 is unwritten, it can be determined that TDMA2 has not been used yet and that TDMA (i-1), that is, TDMA1 in this case is in use. Accordingly, the process proceeds from step F309 to F310 to determine that the latest TDMS exists in TDMA1, and the process proceeds to step F311 to execute the latest TDMS search process for TDMA1.

If it is determined in step F309 that TDMA (i), that is, the first cluster of TDMA2 has been written in the state of i = 2, it is determined whether or not TDMA (i + 1) exists in step F312. In the case of a single layer, since TDMA3 does not exist, the process proceeds from step F312 to F313 when i = 2.
In this case, the system controller 60 confirms the write state of the DMA. That is, the pickup 51 is accessed to the DMA area which is a fixed position, and reading is executed.
If the DMA has not been written yet, the system controller 60 proceeds from step F314 to F315, and can determine that the last TDMA has the latest TDMS. That is, in the case of a single layer, it is determined that the latest TDMS exists in TDMA2. Therefore, in step F316, the system controller 60 executes the latest TDMS search process for TDMA2, which is the last TDMA.

  If it is determined in step F314 that the DMA area has been written, the system controller 60 proceeds to step F317 and determines that the disk is a finalized disk. In step F318, necessary data reading control is performed for the DMA.

As described above, by performing the processes of FIGS. 18, 19, and 20, the probability of disk recognition failure can be greatly reduced.
That is, because the DMA access indicator, TDMA1 access indicator, TDMA2 access indicator reading failure, or the reading of the TDDS that is the contents of the TDMA1 access indicator, TDMA2 access indicator, the latest TDMS recording position is unknown, and is effective as the latest management information. This is because the latest TDMS recording position can be searched for and read out by the processing of FIGS. 19 and 20 even when it is impossible to read TDDS, TDFL, and SRRI.
For this reason, when the search is failed in step F102 or when the TDDS read fails in step F113, the recognition process is quickly completed without repeatedly performing the same area read retry. Therefore, the recognition process can be speeded up and efficient.

Note that the process of FIG. 21 may be performed instead of the process of FIG.
The processing of FIG. 20 is the processing of searching in the order of TDMA0 → TDMA1 → TDMA2 → DMA as the order of searching for the area having the latest TDMS, but FIG. 21 is the order of DMA → TDMA2 → TDMA1 → TDMA0. This is an example of searching.

When the process proceeds from step F102 in FIG. 18 to the process in FIG. 21, the system controller first confirms the write state of the DMA in step F401. That is, the system controller 60 causes the pickup 51 to access the DMA area, which is a fixed position, and execute reading.
If it is determined that the DMA area has been written, the system controller 60 proceeds from step F402 to F403, and determines that the disk is a finalized disk. In step F404, necessary data reading control is performed for the DMA.

  On the other hand, if the DMA has not been written yet, the system controller 60 proceeds from step F402 to F405, performs a TDDS search in TDMA0, that is, the cluster CL3, and controls to read the TDDS. At this time, the TDDS to be read may not be the latest TDDS. That is, the pickup 51 is made to access TDMA0, and the TDDS of the last sector of a certain TDMS in TDMA0 is read.

In this case, if it can be determined that TDMA0 is unwritten, the loaded disk 1 can be determined as a blank disk. That is, the process proceeds from step F406 to F407 to determine that the disk is a blank disk, and thereafter, processing corresponding to the blank disk is performed.
If no TDDS can be read from TDMA0, the process proceeds from step F408 to F409, and the disk recognition fails.

If at least one TDDS can be read from TDMA0, the process proceeds from step F408 to F410, and the start and end addresses of TDMA1 and later (that is, TDMA1 and TDMA2 in the case of a single layer) are calculated using the information on the TDDS. Thus, the positions of TDMA1 and TDMA2 can be grasped.
In step F411, “2” is set to the variable i, and the process proceeds to step F412. In this case, variable i sets the number of the last TDMA.

In step F412, first, since i = 2, the writing state of the leading cluster of TDMA2, which is the last TDMA, is confirmed as TDMA (i).
If the leading cluster of TDMA2 is unwritten, it can be determined that TDMA2 is in use in this case. Accordingly, the process proceeds from step F413 to F414, it is determined that the latest TDMS exists in TDMA2, and the process proceeds to step F415 to execute the latest TDMS search process for TDMA2.

If it is determined in step F413 that TDMA (i), that is, the leading cluster of TDMA2, is not yet written, it is determined in step F416 whether i = 1. Since i = 2 at this time, the variable i is decremented in step F419, and the process returns to step F412.
Therefore, next, with i = 1, the pickup 51 is accessed to the top cluster of TDMA1, and it is determined whether or not the top cluster of TDMA1 has been written.
If the first cluster of TDMA1 is unwritten, it can be determined that TDMA1 is in use in this case. Accordingly, the process proceeds from step F413 to F414 to determine that the latest TDMS exists in TDMA1, and the process proceeds to step F415 to execute the latest TDMS search process for TDMA1.

If it is determined in step F413 that TDMA (i), that is, the first cluster of TDMA1 is unwritten, in this case, i = 1 is determined in step F416, and the process proceeds to step F417, where the system controller 60 sets TDMA0. It can be determined that the latest TDMS exists. In step F418, the latest TDMS search process for TDMA0 is executed.
The process of FIG. 21 can execute the disk recognition process as in the case of FIG.

  In the above description, the case where the disk 1 is a single-layer disk (SL) has been described as an example. However, the present invention can be suitably applied to a disk having two or more layers. .

FIG. 22 shows an area structure of the disk 1 in the case of a dual layer (DL).
As shown in the figure, in the case of DL, the area structure of the first layer is almost the same as that in the case of SL except that the lead-out area is not formed. However, in this case, the data zone is set to “Data Zone 0” to be distinguished from the data zone of the second layer. Furthermore, the inner spare area (ISA) and the outer spare area (OSA) in the data zone are also referred to as “ISA0” and “OSA0”, respectively, in order to distinguish them from those in the second layer.
Further, in this case, since the recording directions are different between the first layer and the second layer, the outer peripheral portion from the data zone becomes an interlayer folded portion. As shown in the figure, this folded portion is called an outer zone. The outer zone in the first layer is “Outer Zone 0”, and the outer zone in the second layer is “Outer Zone 1”.

  The data zone in the second layer is “Data Zone 1”. Further, the outer spare area in the second layer is “OSA1”, and the inner spare area is “ISA1”. An area on the inner circumference side from the data zone of the second layer is a lead-out area. As shown in the figure, the lead-in area is formed in the first layer, the inner peripheral area from the data area is “Inner Zone 0”, and the inner area from the data area in which the lead-out area is formed in the second layer. The area is also called “Inner Zone 1”.

As shown in the figure, the TDMA in the case of DL is provided with a fixed TDMA0 in the lead-in area and a fixed TDMA1 in the lead-out area. That is, there are two fixed TDMAs, one for each layer. For other TDMAs, one can be set in the inner spare area and one in the outer spare area in both the first layer and the second layer. In this case as well, each TDMA in these data zones is fixed in size only at either the start address or the end address, and the size is variable. As shown in the figure, the TDMA in the inner spare area (ISA0) of the first layer is TDMA2, and the TDMA in the outer spare area (OSA0) is TDMA3. The TDMA in the outer spare area (OSA1) of the second layer is TDMA4, and the TDMA in the inner spare area (ISA1) is TDMA5.
Thus, in the case of DL, there can be a maximum of 6 TDMAs.

In order to correspond to the area structure shown in FIG. 22, in the case of DL, the access indicator in TDMA0 has the structure shown in FIG.
In FIG. 23, the access indicator is still provided in the head area of TDMA0 in this case as well, but in this case, a total of five access indicators are provided as TDMA access indicators after the DMA access indicator of the first cluster. As shown in the figure, the next cluster (second cluster) of the DMA access indicator is the TDMA5 access indicator, the next third cluster is the TDMA4 access indicator, the next fourth cluster is the TDMA3 access indicator, and the next five clusters. The first is the TDMA2 access indicator, and the next sixth cluster is the TDMA1 access indicator.
Also in this case, the handling of each TDMA access indicator is the same as in the case of SL. That is, when a TDMS update unit is written to TDMA [n] after TDMA0 for the first time, the TDMA [n] access indicator is filled with a copy of the TDDS in the added TDMS.

Here, in the case of such a DL, the above-described disc recognition process may be executed as follows.
First, in step F101 of FIG. 18, the top recorded cluster may be searched for the area of 7 clusters from the top of TDMA0. That is, a cluster of DMA access indicators, a cluster of access indicators for TDMAs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and a leading cluster of the TDMS recording area of TDMA0.
The case of proceeding to Step F111 means that any of the second to sixth clusters, that is, any of the access indicators for TDMA1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is determined to be the recorded first cluster. It becomes.
Also, the start address and end address for TDMA2, TDMA3, TDMA4, and TDMA5 formed in ISA0, OSA0, ISA1, and OSA0 can be calculated from information in TDDS. That is, it can be calculated using TDMA size information in 1040 bytes to 1051 bytes in the TDDS of FIG. 8 (TDMA1 is a fixed position).
Accordingly, in step F306 in FIG. 20 (and step F410 in FIG. 21), the start and end addresses of TDMA2, TDMA3, TDMA4, and TDMA5 may be calculated from the TDDS information.
In FIG. 20, it is determined that there is no TDMA (i + 1) when i + 1 = 6.
Further, the last TDMA in steps F315 and F316 in FIG. 20 is TDMA5.
In step F411 in FIG. 21, the variable i is set to i = 5 in accordance with the last TDMA.
Considering the above, the disc recognition process can be applied even in the case of DL.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention should not be limited to the specific examples described above.
For example, not only a playback device for a Blu-ray Disc, but also “a user data recording area in which user data can be recorded and final management information in which final management information for data recording in the user data recording area is recorded. A recording area, a first temporary management information recording area in which temporary management information to be updated according to data recording on the user data recording area is sequentially recorded, and the first temporary management information recording area One or more second temporary management information recording areas in which the temporary management information is newly recorded when the temporary management information is used up for updating, and the one or more second temporary managements There is provided an area usage status presentation information recording area in which area usage status presentation information is recorded for each of the information recording area and the final management information recording area. In reproducing apparatus for reproducing the recording medium, it can be suitably applied to the present invention.

In the description so far, the case where the reproducing apparatus of the present invention is compatible with a disk-shaped recording medium has been exemplified. However, the present invention can also be applied to a case where the recording medium has a shape other than a disk-shaped recording medium. it can.
In the description so far, the case where the playback device of the present invention is configured to be connected to the host device has been illustrated, but there may be a mode in which the playback device is not connected to other devices. In that case, an operation unit and a display unit are provided, and the configuration of an interface part for data input / output is different from that in FIG. That is, it is only necessary that recording and reproduction are performed in accordance with a user operation and a terminal portion for inputting / outputting various data is formed.
In the above description, the case where the reproducing apparatus of the present invention is a recording / reproducing apparatus capable of recording is exemplified. However, it is of course possible to adopt a reproduction-only apparatus having no recording function.

It is explanatory drawing of the area structure of the disc of embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a structure example of a management / control information area of a disk and TDMA settable in a spare area according to the embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of DMA of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of DDS of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the structure of TDMA0 of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the TDMS update unit of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the additional writing state of the TDMS update unit of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of TDDS of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of TDFL of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the DFL entry of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of SRR of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of SRRI of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the SRRI header of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the SRR entry of the disk of embodiment. It is explanatory drawing about the additional recording process of TDMA. It is the figure which showed the data structure in a TDMA access indicator. 1 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a disk drive device according to an embodiment. It is a flowchart of the disc recognition process of embodiment. It is a flowchart of the disc recognition process of embodiment. It is a flowchart of the disc recognition process of embodiment. It is a flowchart of the other example of the disc recognition process of embodiment. It is the figure which showed the area structure example of the disk in the case of a dual layer disk. It is the figure which showed the structural example of TDMA0 in the case of a dual layer disk.

Explanation of symbols

  1 disk, 10 disk drive device, 51 pickup, 52 spindle motor, 53 thread mechanism, 54 matrix circuit, 55 reader / writer circuit, 56 modulation / demodulation circuit, 57 ECC encoder / decoder, 58 wobble circuit, 59 address decoder, 60 system controller , 60a cache memory, 61 servo circuit, 62 spindle servo circuit, 63 laser driver, 64, 102 interface, 101 CPU, 120 host device

Claims (4)

A user data recording area where user data can be recorded;
A final management information recording area in which final management information about data recording for the user data recording area is recorded;
A first temporary management information recording area in which temporary management information to be updated according to data recording for the user data recording area is sequentially recorded;
One or a plurality of second temporary management information recording areas in which the temporary management information is newly recorded when the first temporary management information recording area is used up to update the temporary management information; ,
An area usage status presentation information recording area in which area usage status presentation information is recorded for each of the one or more second temporary management information recording areas and the final management information recording area;
A reproducing apparatus for performing at least reproduction on a recording medium provided with:
Reading means for reading from the recording medium;
As a recognition process when the recording medium is loaded, the reading unit executes the reading of the area usage status presentation information recording area, and the latest management information is recorded according to the recording status and recorded contents of the area usage status presentation information. If the reading of the latest area management information presentation area fails, the second temporary management information is determined. Control means for causing the reading means to read out the recording area or the final management information recording area, discriminates the area where the latest management information is recorded from the recording status, and controls to read out the latest management information from the discriminated area When,
A playback apparatus comprising:   The control means can determine the area in which the latest management information is recorded by reading the area usage status presentation information recording area. If the position of the area cannot be determined, the first temporary management is performed. 2. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the position of the area where the latest management information is recorded is determined from the management information recorded in the information recording area.   In the case where reading of the area usage status presentation information recording area fails, the control means determines the position of the second temporary management information recording area from the management information recorded in the first temporary management information recording area. 2. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reproducing device discriminates and causes the reading means to read the second temporary management information recording area. A user data recording area where user data can be recorded;
A final management information recording area in which final management information about data recording for the user data recording area is recorded;
A first temporary management information recording area in which temporary management information to be updated according to data recording for the user data recording area is sequentially recorded;
One or a plurality of second temporary management information recording areas in which the temporary management information is newly recorded when the first temporary management information recording area is used up to update the temporary management information; ,
An area usage status presentation information recording area in which area usage status presentation information is recorded for each of the one or more second temporary management information recording areas and the final management information recording area;
As a recording medium recognition method executed by the playback device when a recording medium provided with is loaded,
Executing the reading of the area utilization status presentation information recording area;
The area where the latest management information is recorded and the position of the area are determined based on the recording status and recorded contents of the area usage status presentation information in the area usage status presentation information recording area, and the latest management information is read from the determined area. Steps,
When the reading of the area usage status presentation information recording area fails, the second temporary management information recording area or the final management information recording area is read, and the latest management information is recorded from the recording status. Determining the area and reading the latest management information from the determined area;
A recording medium recognition method comprising:

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