JP2008057206A - Structure where living organisms live and rest - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure where living organisms live and rest, which contributes to improved construction efficiency and reduced construction costs, and brings about an improved living environment for the useful flora and fauna when a low-altitude water area such as a channel is communicated with a high-altitude water area such as a paddy field, and to provide a construction block for constructing the structure where living organisms live and rest, and a construction method. <P>SOLUTION: A frame body of the structure is formed like any of an almost square shape, barrel shape, U shape, and a C shape, and has an opening 12, and a projection 15 formed on an internal surface thereof. The frame body is characterized in that a lower portion of the opening 12 extends in an upper outward direction of the frame body, or that an upper portion 13a of the opening further extends in a lower outward direction or an upper outward direction in cross section. The structure is set in a side wall Y forming an internal cross section of the channel X or a river, and functions to communicate between the high-altitude water area Z and the low-altitude water area X. Thus various living organisms can come and go between the channel region and the paddy field region which have been separated from each other, and the structure contributes to expansion of a unitary biotope environment in the local area. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to a biological movement rest structure, a construction block and a construction method that can be suitably used for constructing the biological movement rest structure, and more specifically, a low-side water area and a rice field in a side wall of a water channel or the like. Biotope (animals and plants) that can improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs and inhabit various creatures by maintaining and improving the biological conservation function when communicating with the altitude side water area of A living body resting structure that can improve the habitat environment of useful animals and plants and purify the water quality associated therewith, and a construction block and construction method that can be suitably used when constructing the living body resting structure Is.

In recent years, biotopes (living space for animals and plants) that inhabit a variety of organisms by maintaining and improving biological conservation functions on the side of freshwater reservoirs such as paddy fields and ponds, and purifying water quality in conjunction with improving habitat environments for useful animals and plants Attempts have been made. For example, we introduce not only large fishes (approximately tens of centimeters in size) such as sharks, breams, breams, but also small fishes (approximately centimeters in size) such as medaka and loach into the paddy field. It has been known that it has a certain effect on ecosystem conservation by using it as a place for training. As a result, the range of useful plants that can be cultivated in water-purified paddy fields has also expanded.

On the other hand, in paddy fields or fallow fields, land improvement projects have progressed, and it is not uncommon for the water level difference between the paddy field and the irrigation channel or drainage channel to range from several tens of centimeters to 1 meter. As a conventional fishway that connects upstream and downstream water areas with a head of about several tens of centimeters to 1 meter, the waterway bed and rice paddy field are bent or bent in a direction perpendicular to the normal of the waterway. In the cross section of the waterway, a U-shaped fishway is installed diagonally from the bottom of the waterway to the rice field along the side wall surface, or the waterway itself is like a fishway and is stepped from the downstream side. In the past, a method has been adopted in which a plurality of crossing structures for raising the water level are installed, and as a result, the waterway is a stepped fishway.

Further, a plurality of water channel members having a U-shaped groove shape are laid in a step shape so as to gradually increase from the drainage channel side toward the paddy field side. The joint part of the water channel member installed on the upstream side is fitted into the joint fitting part of the water channel member installed on the downstream side. In addition, a dam plate for raising the channel water is detachably attached to the downstream portion of the water channel of each water channel member, and the overflow portion of the dam plate is high enough to allow fish to run up to the downstream water level. A method of setting this is proposed (Patent Document 1).

JP 2004-68571 A

However, the fishway that connects the canal and rice paddles in a direction perpendicular to the normal of the canal line must be installed by cutting the upstream side of the fishway into the paddy field in order to keep the slope gentle. There is. For this reason, there were problems such as hindering rice cultivation work and not having a drain outlet at the most downstream of the rice field. In addition, because the ridges were cut out to communicate with each other, the culverts were blocked there, causing problems for farming and paddy fielding (going to adjust the amount of water in the paddy fields).

In addition, in a fishway with a U-shaped fishway in the cross section of the canal that runs diagonally from the bottom of the canal to the rice field along the side, the effluent from the upstream is caught and damaged, There are problems such as the location of responsibility, labor, and cost for removing the sea urchin. Moreover, because the upper surface of the U-shaped grooved fishway is open, it was not possible to protect moving fish and frogs from wild bird predation.

In addition, even if there is a method of considering a waterway itself as a fishway by installing a plurality of crossing structures for raising the water level from the downstream side of the waterway in a stepwise manner, However, because of the installation of the waterway crossing structure, the same problem has become apparent, such as the fact that garbage is caught and fish cannot pass through, and that the removal work is expensive.

Also, a plurality of U channel-shaped channel members are laid in a stepped manner so as to gradually increase from the drainage channel side to the paddy field side, and the joint portion of the channel member installed upstream is connected to the downstream side. Fit into the joint fitting part of the installed waterway member, and detachably attach a weir plate that raises the water of the waterway to the downstream side part of the waterway of each waterway member, the overflow part of the weir plate, Although the method of setting to the height which fishes can go up with respect to the water level of the downstream side is proposed (patent document 1), according to this method, it is necessary to bite into the rice field site, and to install There is a high possibility of causing narrative problems such as the provision of crossing obstructions in the sea, and because the upper part of the U-shaped groove-like fishway opens, it is impossible to protect fish and frogs from wild bird predation. There is a problem. In addition, although it will be accompanied by secondary work, even if you try to protect the fish passing through the fishway from wild bird predation by covering the fishway with a prevention net or transparent clothing material, you will drown or blow away with strong winds etc. Therefore, it takes work effort such as collecting and re-installing or re-installing a new one, and furthermore, it cannot be protected from wild birds with learning ability, and as a result, the problem has not been solved. Although these conventional technical contents have some problems, they are only intended as a fish transport facility, and do not consider the ecosystems of various organisms inhabiting the area.


The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the purpose of the present invention is construction when communicating according to the degree of elevation difference between a low water area such as a waterway and a high water area such as a rice field. An object of the present invention is to provide a biological movement resting structure that can improve efficiency and reduce construction costs, and a construction block and a construction method that can be suitably used when constructing the biological movement resting structure.

Another object of the present invention was devised as an environmental conservation facility capable of supporting the ecosystem (biotope) of a variety of organisms, and a biological migration resting structure capable of improving the habitat of useful animals and plants, It is in providing the construction block and construction method which can be used conveniently as this structure for a biological movement rest.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following configuration.
(1) A biological movement resting structure that communicates a high-side water area and a low-side water area in the side wall part that forms the inner cross section of a waterway or a river, the biological movement resting structure, The cross-section of the frame part is formed in any one of a substantially square shape, a substantially bowl shape, a substantially U shape, or a substantially C shape, and has an opening on the side surface, and a protrusion is formed on the inner surface thereof.
Biological movement rest characterized by the lower part of the opening extending further upwards in the cross section, or the upper part of the opening extending further downwardly perpendicularly or outwardly Structure.

(2) Biological movement rest structure assembled to form a biological movement rest structure that connects the high-side water area and low-side water area of the side wall section to the side wall section that forms the inner cross section of the waterway or river A construction block for a body, wherein the construction block has a cross-section of a frame portion formed in a substantially square shape, a substantially bowl shape, a substantially U shape, or a substantially C shape, and has an opening on a side surface Protrusions are formed on the inner surface, and the lower part of the opening further extends upward in the cross section, or the upper part of the opening is directed downward perpendicularly or outward. It is characterized by further stretching.
(3) By embedding a part of the construction block according to claim 2 or embedding and fixing all of the construction blocks in the side wall part forming the inner cross section of the waterway or river, the high side water area and the low side in the side wall part A construction method for living body resting structures that are characterized by their communication with water.

According to the biological movement rest structure according to the present invention, the following excellent effects can be obtained.
1) Since part or all of the biological movement resting structure is placed inside the side wall of the waterway and fixed together, it can be installed without damaging the rice field site or the water flow cross section of the waterway. It has become possible. The necessary number of living and resting structures depending on the width between the waterway and the reservoir such as rice fields (the width of the buttock) and the difference between the water level of the waterway and the water level of the reservoir A fishway can be formed in a narrow range because of the structure in which the body is sequentially joined in a direction parallel to the normal line of the water channel in a straight state or a required bent state in the side wall portion. That is, aquatic organisms such as fish move in order and move from the waterway side (low water level region) to, for example, a rice field (high water level region) and from the rice field (high water level region) to the water channel side (low water level region). In addition, it can be moved safely and easily.

2) The structure for rest and movement of living organisms has a cross-section of the frame portion that is formed in a substantially square shape, a substantially bowl shape, a substantially U shape, or a substantially C shape, and has an opening on the side surface of the water channel. Therefore, even if the water level on the waterway side rises or falls, or even when earth and sand accumulates on the waterway bed and the bed height rises, the bottom surface of the waterway along the side surface of the side wall of the waterway or river It is formed diagonally from the altitude of the sea, and further, it is formed as an opening up to the altitude of the rice field (high water level region), and this opening acts as the entrance to the fishway, so the fish gateway at any altitude Can be operated without blocking. From the viewpoint of strength or opening ratio, the lower portion and the upper portion may be configured to be partially discontinuous.

3) The living body structure for resting on the living body is provided with an opening opened on the wall surface side, so that maintenance and management such as observation and cleaning of the inside of the living body structure are easy. In particular, when the upper part extends toward the outside of the cross section, it becomes a mud pool such as mud and pebbles that fall along the inclined surface such as the buttock, and a large amount of fine soil such as sludge flows into the fishway. Can be prevented.

4) The protrusion provided in the living body resting structure becomes a scaffold when small animals such as rats and weasels that are not aquatic organisms move within this structure, and can walk without getting their feet wet. .

5) Since the structure for resting on living organisms is configured to be provided in the side wall portion that forms the side surface of the waterway, the unicycle is provided on the top of the reed and the saddle that forms between the lower end of the slope and the waterway. Etc. can be carried out without any obstacles, and the farming can be facilitated.

6) Also, since the protrusions are formed on the inner surface of the biological movement resting structure, the width of the buttock is relatively small, and there is a large drop between the water level of the waterway and the water level of the rice field. Therefore, it is possible to rationally configure a fishway that is inclined according to the head and secures an appropriate water depth. Furthermore, since the protrusion becomes a mud pool and fine soil such as sludge flowing in the biological movement resting structure can be deposited, the protrusion becomes a mud pool and deposits the earth and sand flowing in the biological movement resting structure. It is possible to provide an environment in which aquatic crabs can hide or inhabit while moving, and a stagnation area is formed near the protrusion, which can be used as an evacuation site for fry or other benthos. It can function as a habitat for organisms. Furthermore, if the convex part of the protrusion is an exposed surface such as a natural stone, it can help algae grow and provide a good feeding ground for benthic organisms.

7) By setting the top of the projection to a wide, nearly horizontal plane, or providing a space according to small animals, it is installed in the side wall of a waterway wall, etc., so wild birds etc. are difficult to find from the sky. It becomes a structure that can rest while hiding itself from the enemy. In addition to acting as a fishway, a biotope in the countryside is preserved from the line of waterways, etc. by making it a moving place where various organisms can pass through the waterways and rice fields that have been blocked up to now It is possible to develop various usage methods. In other words, the effects described above are combined with each other, and the biological conservation function of freshwater reservoirs such as rice fields can be improved, and the ecosystem as a biotope of various organisms can be preserved.

Next, according to the construction block described in the above (1), if a plurality of construction blocks are sequentially joined, in other words, if a necessary number of construction blocks are joined sequentially to form a biological movement resting structure, Because construction efficiency is good and the construction period can be shortened without requiring much labor for construction, the structure for living and resting living organisms with the above-mentioned excellent effects can be constructed in a narrow range at a low cost and in a short period of time. it can.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of examples. However, these are merely representative examples, and can be implemented with various design changes.

Here, it is not intended to limit the raw material for the biological movement rest structure and the construction block according to the present invention, but, as long as it can be constructed, any material may be used. For example, concrete, steel, wood (thinning) Material), natural stone plate, pottery (ceramics), synthetic resin and the like, and a plurality of these raw materials may be combined. In addition, the side wall (side wall part) does not mean a concrete structure, but also has a broad meaning including slopes made of soil, and the side wall (side wall part) has not only a vertical gradient. Including slopes with slopes, and also include revetments for waterways and rivers.

FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a biological movement rest structure (fishway) 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing the biological movement rest structure (fishway) 1. FIG. FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a main part of the living organism resting structure (fishway) 1 installed on the bank Y, and FIG. 3 (b) shows the living organism resting structure. It is principal part sectional drawing which shows typically the state which installed the body (fishway) 1 in the side wall concrete wall of a waterway.

In the figure, the biological movement rest structure 1 is configured such that an opening 12 provided on the side of the construction block 10 is opened to the side of the side of the waterway or the river in the side wall forming the inner cross section of the waterway X or the river. It is integrally fixed in a state where the high-side water area and low-side water area of the side wall are in communication with each other, and is used as a moving and resting facility for aquatic animals. However, instead of connecting and fixing a plurality of construction blocks, concrete may be placed using a formwork or the like at the construction site, or processed wood (thinned wood) may be assembled at the construction site. Shall.

As for the construction block 10, the cross-sectional shape of a frame part is a substantially square shape, a substantially saddle shape, a substantially U shape, or a substantially C shape, and the opening part 13 open | released by the waterway or the river side is formed in the side surface. The bottom surface 14 is formed with a protrusion 15 and a recess 17 that allows fish to move. However, the opening may be opened in a window frame shape on the side of the construction block 10.

In addition, natural stones or pseudo stones may be arranged on the bottom surface or the concave portion 17 to form the protruding portion 15, and when a fine protruding portion 15 ′ (not shown) is formed on the surface of the protruding portion 15, A deceleration effect can be obtained by both the projection 15 and the fine projection 15 ′.

Further, when the lower portion of the opening 13 is configured to extend outward and upward, mud, pebbles, etc. that fall along the inclined side wall surface such as the buttocks enter the living body resting structure. Can be prevented.

Further, when the upper portion of the opening 13 is configured to extend outward and upward, mud, pebbles, and the like that fall along the inclined side wall surface of the buttocks or the like enter the biological movement resting structure. The layer of mud and pebbles stacked on the upper part can be used as cultivated soil to allow the plant to flourish, and the plant that grows can prevent the fall of earth and sand and is blocked A variety of creatures can come and go between waterways and rice fields, and the facet biotope environment will spread.

Next, representative examples of the construction block 10 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4A to FIG. 4E, but these are only given as representative examples. It is assumed that various design changes can be made, for example, the upper part of the opening is not formed.

The construction block 10a in FIG. 4 (a) is formed on the bottom surface 14 side with a protrusion 15a and a recess 17 that allows fish to move, and the protrusion 15a is formed as a land portion having a flat top. The upper part of the opening extends outward and downward. The construction block 10b in FIG. 4 (b) is a construction block 10a in FIG. 4 (b) in which the protrusions 15b are formed as two-level land portions having different heights. The construction block 10c in FIG. 4 (c) is a construction block 10a in FIG. 4 (a) in which a shelf 15'c is formed above the land portion, and both the land portion and the shelf 15c 'act as a protrusion 15c. It is. The construction block 10d in FIG. 4 (d) has a projection 15d formed as a relatively high land portion having a flat top end, and recessed portions 17 are formed on both sides thereof, and a lower portion 13a ′ of the opening is located on the inner upper side. The upper part of the opening is not further stretched. The construction block 10e shown in FIG. 4 (e) is a shelf portion 15e 'supported by a land portion having a flat top end with a projecting portion 15e and a leg portion standing on the land portion, and recessed portions on both sides of the land portion. 17 is formed, and the upper portion 13a of the opening extends toward the outer upper side. The construction block 10f shown in FIG. 4 (f) is formed with a protrusion 15f having a different cross-sectional shape, the concave portion 17 reaching the bottom surface, and the upper portion 13b of the opening further extending in the downward perpendicular direction. is there.

Forming a land part that is flat and close to the top of the heavens, and is placed inside the waterway wall by providing a space according to small animals, wild enemies such as wild birds discover aquatic animals from the sky It becomes a structure that can rest while hiding itself from external enemies such as wild birds. Furthermore, not only fish, but also small animals such as frogs, turtles, frogs, weasels, rats, etc. can be easily moved from waterways to rice fields, and various creatures can come and go between blocked waterways and rice fields. Therefore, it is very preferable for restoring the natural environment.

In addition, even when the width of the buttock is relatively small and there is a large drop between the water level of the waterway and the water level of a freshwater reservoir such as a rice field, the biological movement is ensured by tilting according to the drop to ensure an appropriate water depth. The resting structure can be rationally configured, and further, the projections become mud pools, and fine soil such as sludge flowing in the living body resting structure can be deposited. In other words, the protrusion becomes a mud reservoir, and it is possible to deposit fine soil such as earth and sand flowing in the structure for resting biological movement, providing an environment in which aquatic living crab etc. can be hidden or inhabited while moving. A stagnation place will be formed near the area, and it can be made to function as an evacuation site for fry fish or a habitat for benthic organisms. Furthermore, if the convex part of the protrusion is an exposed surface such as a natural stone, it can help algae grow and provide a good feeding ground for benthic organisms.

As described above, according to the biological movement rest structure 1 according to the present invention, the remarkable effects as described in the above 1) to 7) are exhibited, and these effects are combined with each other, so that not only fish but also frogs, Small animals such as turtles, frogs, weasels and rats can easily move from waterways to rice fields, and various creatures can come and go between blocked waterways and rice fields, making it an integral part of the region. A new biotope environment can be spread.

FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a living body resting structure (fishway) according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing a structure (fishway) 1 for moving and resting on the same organism. FIG. 3 (a) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the main part of the living organism resting structure 1 installed on a bank banked, and FIG. 3 (b) shows the living organism resting structure (fishway). It is principal part sectional drawing which shows typically the state installed in the side wall concrete wall of a waterway. Fig.4 (a) is principal part sectional drawing which shows an example of a construction block typically, and the protrusion part is formed as a land part which has a flat top end. The construction block shown in FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of a main part schematically showing another construction block, in which the protrusions are formed as two-stage land portions having different heights. FIG.4 (c) is principal part sectional drawing which shows another construction block typically, and the projection part is formed as a shelf formed in the land part and its upper part. FIG. 4 (d) is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the main part of another construction block, in which the protrusion is formed as a relatively high land portion having a flat top end, and concave portions are formed on both sides thereof. The lower part of the opening extends toward the inside and the upper part, and the upper part of the opening does not extend any further. In FIG. 4 (e), the protrusion is formed as a land portion having a flat top and a shelf formed thereabove, and concave portions are formed on both sides of the land portion, and the upper portion of the opening. Is extended outwardly upward. It is principal part sectional drawing which shows typically the other construction block 10f of FIG.4 (f), the protrusion part from which cross-sectional shape differs is formed, the recessed part 17 has reached the bottom face, and the upper part of an opening part is a downward perpendicular direction. It is further extended toward

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Living body rest structure 10 ... Construction block 10a ... Construction block 10b ... Construction block 10c ... Construction block 10d ... Construction block 10e ... Construction block 10f ... Construction block 11 ... Frame body part 12 ... Opening 13 ... Opening 13a ... Upper part 13a '... Lower part 13b ... Upper part 14 ... Bottom 15 ... Projection 15a ... Projection 15b ... Projection 15c ... Projection 15c' ... Shelf 15d ... Projection 15e ... Projection 15e '... Shelf 15' ... Projection part 15f ... Projection part 17 ... Concave part X ... Water channel (low water level region)
Y ... Bank (side wall)
Z ... Rice field (high water level region)

Claims (3)

A biological movement resting structure that communicates a high-side water area and a low-side water area on the side wall forming the inner cross section of a waterway or river,
The biological movement resting structure has a frame portion having a substantially square, substantially bowl-shaped, substantially U-shaped or substantially C-shaped cross section, and has an opening on a side surface and a protrusion on its inner surface. Is shaped,
Biological movement, characterized in that the lower part of the opening extends further upwards in the cross section, or the upper part of the opening extends further downwardly perpendicularly or outwardly Rest structure. For a biological movement resting structure assembled to form a biological movement resting structure that connects the high-side water area and low-side water area of the side wall part to the side wall part that forms the inner cross section of the waterway or river Construction block,
The construction block has a cross section of the frame portion formed in a substantially square shape, a substantially bowl shape, a substantially U shape, or a substantially C shape, and has an opening on the side surface and a protrusion on the inner surface. Has been
The lower part of the opening further extends toward the upper side of the cross section, or the upper part of the opening further extends toward the lower right angle direction or outward. block.   By embedding a part of the construction block according to claim 2 or embedding and fixing all of the construction blocks according to claim 2 in the side wall part that forms the inner cross section of the waterway or river, in the side wall part, A construction method for living body resting structure, characterized by communicating with each other.

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