JP2007525273A - Self-contained micromechanical ventilator - Google Patents

Abstract

The portable ventilator (V) of the present invention provides a hand-free device that assists breathing in emergency treatment, emergency environments, and limited supply environments. The portable ventilator (V) uses ambient air to provide a stable air supply to the patient and includes two dual head compressor systems. The ventilator is battery operated and can provide treatment for up to 60 minutes. In a preferred embodiment, the portable ventilator (V) of the present invention also includes a pneumatic subsystem (N), a control subsystem (C ₂ ), a power subsystem (P), and an alarm subsystem (A ₂ ). It is out. The portable ventilator (V) of the preferred embodiment comprises a dual head compressor system and a single head compressor system (101, 102) that operate alternately in order to produce a stable and continuous inspiration / expiration cycle. ) Is included.

Description

  This specification is a continuation-in-part of 10 / 228,166, filed on August 26, 2002.

  Rapid medical treatment can save the lives of countless accident victims and military personnel. In the area of emergency medical services, golden hours have long been emphasized that patients must receive reliable medical care. However, reliable medical procedures are often limited due to the lack of equipment needed. Medical facilities have artificial medical devices, but not in emergency situations or battlefields. This is especially true in the field of ventilators.

  Inhalation-only ventilators are known and are widely used in hospitals because they provide an effective breathing circuit while minimizing the amount of oxygen used during patient treatment.

  Modern ventilators are generally stationary and configured for medical facilities. These are heavy, difficult to move and are not suitable for portable use. Most ventilators use medical grade air, a highly flammable, compressed oxygen container as the oxygen source. These air / oxygen tanks are heavy, difficult to move and are not suitable for transport. Prior art ventilators also require a large power supply, which makes them more unsuitable for rapid, on-site use. Finally, most known ventilators require manipulation by trained personnel in a treatment environment where additional equipment and supplementation are readily available.

  For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,053,009 by Schroeder et al. Discloses a computer controlled pneumatic ventilator system that includes a dual venturi drive and a disposable breathing circuit. The dual venturi drive expedites completion of the expiratory phase, thereby providing an overall improved breathing circuit. The disposable breathing circuit allows the ventilator to be used on a large number of patients without the risk of contamination. In this apparatus, an oxygen source housed in a container is used. This device is also unusable under the circumstances assumed in the present invention.

  Accordingly, there is a need for a portable ventilator that overcomes the shortcomings of existing stationary ventilators.

The following portable ventilators address some of the needs described above. DeVries et al., US Pat. Nos. 6,028,028 and 5,637 disclose portable ventilator devices that use ambient air through a filter and compressor system. The compressor operates continuously to supply air only during intake. The device of DeVries et al. Is used in hospitals and is intended to allow the patient to move during use of the ventilator. Since these devices are not intended for emergency use in the field, they form a closed loop control, complex valve systems and circuits, and cannot be used under the kind of emergency situations envisioned by the present invention. is there.
US Pat. No. 5,664,563 US Pat. No. 6,152,135 US Pat. No. 5,881,722 US Pat. No. 5,868,133

  From the literature cited above, it can be seen that there is a need for a portable ventilator that forms a stable breathing circuit. As is the case with most portable ventilators, they form a breathing circuit that includes a valve system and an oxygen source. However, these devices lack the means to allow them to operate quickly in an emergency situation where there is no stationary power source. Second, most of these devices rely on a container-type oxygen source that is difficult to move, reducing the ability of the ventilator to be truly portable. Third, prior art ventilators do not form a breathing circuit that can be used continuously without a stationary power source. These and other disadvantages are overcome by the present invention as described below.

  Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a portable ventilator that provides short-term breathing assistance.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a portable ventilator that includes a pneumatic subsystem, a power subsystem, and a sensor subsystem.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a portable ventilator where the pneumatic subsystem includes two dual head compressors to increase air output.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a portable ventilator in which the pneumatic subsystem includes an accumulator.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a portable respirator that is disposable, single-use, and has an unlimited expiration date.

  It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a portable ventilator that includes a pneumatic subsystem, a power subsystem, a control subsystem, and an alarm subsystem.

  Another object of the present invention is that the pneumatic subsystem includes one dual head compressor for increasing air output and means for reducing the pressure of the air manifold with a single head compressor, thereby eliminating the need for an accumulator. It is to provide a portable ventilator.

  Another object of the present invention includes a battery power source and a jack that allows an external power source to be utilized for the ventilator, wherein the battery or external power source includes a pneumatic subsystem, a control subsystem, and an alarm sub-system. It is to provide a portable ventilator that can be used to operate the system.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a portable ventilator in which the power subsystem also includes a voltage regulation circuit that eliminates voltage fluctuations to the control subsystem.

  Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a portable artificial respiration wherein the control subsystem includes a dual head compressor and a timing circuit for controlling the on / off cycle of the single head compressor and a relay switch. Is to provide a vessel.

  Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a portable artificial device in which the alarm subsystem can visually indicate repairable, irreparable, and patient problems, and audible alarms are possible. To provide a respiratory organ.

  It is another object of the present invention to provide a portable ventilator that is a disposable, single-use device, or a device that is made reusable, with no expiration date.

  These and other objects are described in the detailed description below.

  The present invention is a portable ventilator that assists one or more patients in breathing for a short period of time for the treatment of traumatic disorders or respiratory paralysis. As shown in FIG. 1, the portable ventilator V has a function that can be operated in a hands-free manner in harmony with the respiratory volume and the respiratory rate. The portable ventilator V is a fully practical multimode device and is suitable for field hospitals and frontline surgical units where skilled personnel can take advantage of the device's unique multimode capabilities. The portable ventilator V is also suitable for use by untrained personnel and is particularly useful in environments where supply is limited. Furthermore, the portable ventilator V can be configured as a disposable, single-use device with no expiration date.

  Further, in FIG. 1, the portable ventilator V of the present invention includes a pneumatic subsystem N, a power subsystem P, and a sensor subsystem S. Each of these systems will be described below.

Pneumatic subsystem :
As shown in FIG. 2, the pneumatic subsystem N includes two dual-headed air compressors 1a and 1b that increase air output. Ambient air or NVC filtered air is drawn into the dual head air compressors 1a and 1b and compressed. The compressed air exits 1a and 1b and enters the accumulator tank 2. The accumulator tank 2 is connected to each of the air compressors 1a and 1b, and serves as a combined (total four) output air pressure holding region of the air compressors 1a and 1b. The accumulator tank 2 alleviates the phase mismatch between the two pressure waves inherent in the dual head air compressors, and prevents the outputs of the air compressors 1a and 1b from canceling each other. The pressure accumulation tank 2 is further connected to the connector system 3. Since the air compressors 1a and 1b function at a constant flow rate over a wide range of physiological pressures, the connector system 3 allows a constant total flow rate to the user via the accumulator, ie the accumulator tank 2, for the required time. Of air flow. This time is controlled by a timing circuit T which is a part of the logic circuit board B.

Logic circuit board :
The logic circuit board B includes a timing circuit T and is connected to the power subsystem P. The logic circuit board B controls the power to the air compressors 1a and 1b in order to switch 1a and 1b on and off. The amount of air sent to the user is determined by the length of on-time of the compressors 1a and 1b. The logic circuit board B uses analog logic and does not require microprocessor control. The logic circuit board B is also connected to the sensor subsystem S.

Sensor subsystem :
As shown in FIG. 3, the portable ventilator V includes a sensor subsystem S that monitors important monitoring items and assists a patient in a dangerous state in an emergency. The sensor subsystem S includes an air flow sensor 4 that detects that the portable ventilator V is disconnected from the patient's face mask or endotracheal tube. The sensor subsystem S also includes an airway pressure sensor 5. The airway pressure sensor 5 has a preferred function of detecting the end of the previous breath (inspiration) of the user so that the supply of air can be delayed until the previous breath is completed. The air flow sensor 6 is used to detect the expiration of expiration of the previous breath when the scheduled start time for the next breath has not been reached. The sensor subsystem S may be located inside the ventilator V or may be located outside the ventilator V.

Power subsystem :
As shown in FIG. 4, the power subsystem P of the portable ventilator V includes a disposable or rechargeable battery 7, which has a large capacity and a wide range of temperatures. It is operable below and is compatible with the pneumatic subsystem N and sensor subsystem S. In a preferred embodiment, the portable respirator V of the present invention uses a conventional rechargeable lead acid battery 7. The battery 7 needs to be able to obtain an operating time of at least 30 to 60 minutes.

Portable ventilators :
The pneumatic subsystem N is connected to the sensor subsystem S and the power subsystem P and is housed in the housing 8 of the portable ventilator V as shown in FIG. The housing 8 is made of either plastic or metal and includes a rigid frame structure 8a that can withstand physical and mechanical pressure. The portable ventilator V includes an inlet port 8b that allows the rechargeable battery 7 to be powered using an external power source or an AC power source. Alternatively, the battery 7 may include a disposable battery.

  The housing 8 also includes a recessed control panel 8c. The control panel 8c includes a plurality of ports for sending air to the user in a known manner. The control panel 8c also includes a switch for selecting a desired air flow rate, an on / off switch, and a switch for recharging the battery 7. The control panel 8c is recessed so as not to damage any means arranged on the panel.

  The portable ventilator V of the present invention provides controlled ventilation and is useful for respiratory control for the patient. The function and performance of two portable ventilators V as described above are illustrated by Example 1 below.

Example 1 :
Sekos 2 and 3 ventilators were tested. Total respiratory volume, respiratory rate, and other parameters were within ± 10% of the settings on ventilator V.

  The performance of the tested portable ventilators described above has been shown to be superior to conventional “ambu-bags”. These and other portable ventilators having the features described above are within the scope of the present invention.

The present invention includes the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. The portable ventilator V ₂ includes a pneumatic subsystem N ₂ , a power subsystem P ₂ , a control subsystem C ₂ , and an alarm subsystem A ₂ as shown in FIG.

The portable ventilator V ₂ includes a hard shell housing 100 having an outer surface 100a and an inner surface 100b, as shown in FIG. 6 (a).

Pneumatic subsystem N ₂ :
As shown in FIG. 7, the pneumatic subsystem N ₂ includes at least one dual-head air compressor 101 that increases air output and a single-head air compressor 102 for closing the flutter valve 103. Pneumatic subsystem N ₂ provides an inspiratory and expiratory cycle for portable ventilator V ₂ . During the intake cycle, ambient air a is drawn through the air inlet port 104 into the dual head air compressor 101. Ambient air a may be passed through the NBC filter NBC to remove contaminants before passing through the air inlet port 104. Alternatively, a small adapter (not shown) may be connected to the air inlet port 104 so that the ventilator V ₂ can be operated by drawing air from a purified air source (not shown). Good. Air a surrounding, when entering a portable ventilator V _2, is divided into two air passages by a tube 105 of the Y-shaped medical grade. The tube 105 may be prefabricated plastic or metal. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the tube 105 includes all the necessary mating and mounting portions. Further, the tube 105 may be an integral part of the interior 100b of the hard shell housing 100 shown in FIG. 6a. Ambient air a enters the dual head air compressor 101 from the pipe 105 through the dual head compressor inlet ports 101a and 101b. Ambient air a is compressed by a dual-head air compressor 101. The use of the dual head air compressor 101 in combination with the single head air compressor 102 is important for the portable ventilator V ₂ of the preferred embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. It is important to keep in mind. It is also important to note that the use of multiple single head compressors instead of dual head air compressor 101 as shown in the preferred embodiment of FIGS. 6-10 is outside the scope of the present invention. . This is because the dual head compressor increases efficiency and reduces size. This element is essential for portable suitable configuration and functions of the ventilator V _2.

Example 2 :
For equivalent respiratory volume output:
Dual Head Compressor: Weight-14.2 oz, Size-28.9 cubic inches 2 Single Head Compressor: Weight-20.4 ounces, size-32.0 cubic inches Dual head compressor is suitable for proper breathing Ambient air is drawn in and the internal pressure is increased so that a volume of air can be pushed out through a small space. (P) = pressure, (V) = volume, (n) = number of molecules, (R) = gas constant, (T) = temperature, and the ideal gas law PV = nRT, a dual head air compressor When 101 is in operation, the value of nRT must be constant. Accordingly, as required by proper operation of the ventilator V _2, the taking air specific volume (V) within a small constant-volume portion of the ventilator V ₂ from the surrounding, the value of nRT It is necessary to increase the pressure (P) of the air a so as to keep the same. By increasing the pressure of the air a, the air a is sent through the ventilator V ₂ into the lungs of the patient H. This is due to the tendency of the fluid, here compressed air a, to flow from the relatively high pressure region of the ventilator V ₂ to the relatively low pressure region of the patient's H lung, thereby Air a fills the lungs.

As shown in FIG. 7, the compressed air a exits the air compressor 101 and enters the air manifold 106 through the compressor outlet ports 101c and 101d. The air manifold 106 is made from plastic or metal. The air manifold 106 may be an integral part of the interior 100b. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the air manifold 106 includes all necessary mating and mounting portions. A pressure sensor 107 is connected to the air manifold 106 to monitor the pressure of air a sent to the patient H. The air pressure of the compressed air a in the air manifold 106 is measured by the pressure sensor 107. When the air a exceeds a known threshold, the dual head air compressor 101 is stopped and the single head air compressor 102 is started and air is no longer delivered to the patient H, as described below. As shown in FIG. 7, the air manifold 106 is also connected to the flutter valve 103. The flutter valve 103 allows compressed air a to enter through the inlet port 103a and to be sent to the patient H through the bidirectional port 103b. When compressed air a is being sent to patient H through bi-directional port 103b, exhalation port 103c remains closed. However, the patient H exhales, the inlet port 103a is closed, the exhaled air, expiratory port 103c is opened so that it can be removed from the portable ventilator V _2. The exhalation cycle is described below. The compressed air a sent to the patient H passes through the medical grade tube 108, the flutter valve 103, and the medical grade tube 109 connected to the patient H via the patient valve port 110. It is important to note that the tube 108 is integrated into the air manifold 106, but is shown as a separate element in FIG. Medical grade tubes 108 and 109 may be prefabricated plastic or metal. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, tubes 108 and 109 include all the necessary mating and fittings. Tubes 108 and 109 may be integrated with interior 100b. A standard medical grade tube to the patient's endotracheal tube (not shown) or breathing mask (not shown) is connected between the portable ventilator V ₂ and the patient H and the patient valve. Connected to port 110.

During the exhalation cycle, exhaled air a _e is returned from patient H through patient valve port 110, tube 109, and bi-directional port 103b. The single head air compressor 102 causes the flutter valve 103 to close the inlet port 103a, thereby directing the exhaled air a to the exhaust port, i.e. the exhaled port 103c. Exhaled air a _e flows into the medical grade tube 111 from the exhaust port, ie, the exhalation port 103c. The tube 111 may be prefabricated plastic or metal and may be integrated with the interior 100b. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the tube 111 includes all the required mating and mounting portions. The tube 111 includes a T-shaped connection portion 111 a that guides the exhaled air a _e to the second pressure sensor 112. Whether or not the patient H exhales is confirmed by the second pressure sensor 112. In other embodiments, the T-shaped connection 111a and the pressure sensor 112 can be replaced by an in-line flow sensor (not shown). The exhaled air a _e is directed to a patient exhalation port 115 located on the ventilator housing 100. The expiratory air a _e is guided to the inline capnograph chamber 113 before reaching the patient expiratory port 115. The capnograph chamber 113 is used to detect the presence of exhaled CO ₂ in the exhaled air a _e . Exhaled air a _e flows from the capnograph chamber 113 through a medical grade tube 114. The tube 114 may be prefabricated plastic or metal and may be integrated with the interior 100b. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the tube 114 includes all necessary mating and fittings. To monitor the effectiveness of the ventilator further additional coupler Roh graph sensor CS of colorimetric or Formula may be connected at the patient expiratory port 115 outside the portable ventilator V ₂ . As shown in FIG. 7, a single head air compressor 102 is connected to a flutter valve 103 and an air manifold 106 via medical grade tubing 116. It is important to note that the tube 116 is integral with the air manifold 106, but is shown as a separate element in FIG. The tube 116 may be prefabricated plastic or metal, and may be integrated with the interior 100b. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the tube 116 includes all necessary mating and fittings. The single head air compressor 102 operates only when the dual head air compressor 101 is not in operation. During the exhalation cycle, the flutter valve inlet port 103a remains fully closed and the exhaust port, i.e. the exhalation port 103c, is thus fully opened by the single head air compressor 102. . Such alternating operation of the dual head air compressor 101 and the single head air compressor 102 allows stagnation space air located within the air manifold 106 to pass through the pipe 116, medical, during multiple inspiratory cycles. Ventilation grade tube 117 and exhaust port 118 may be evacuated. The tube 117 may be prefabricated plastic or metal and may be integrated with the interior 100b. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the tube 117 includes all necessary mating and fittings. It is important to note that the single head air compressor 102 serves to mechanically close the flutter valve 103. This mechanism is preferred over an electrically controlled valve because an electrically controlled valve causes pressure loss. This mechanism is preferred over other exhaust systems and pressure relief valves to reduce inspired air and pressure gradient losses. Second, the use of a single head air compressor 102 forces air a to be drawn from the air manifold 106, thereby starting the next intake cycle without being blocked by stagnant air in the air manifold 106. can do. Third, the single head air compressor 102 generates a negative pressure for a very short time when the inlet port 103a is closed, which helps the patient H exhale. Further, the operation of the dual-head air compressor 101 and the single-head air compressor 102 eliminates the use of the accumulator, that is, the accumulator tank 2 as described in the embodiment of FIG. In other embodiments, an air compressor 102 of the single head, the tube 117, and an exhaust port 118, may also be used to reduce the pressure and / or heat is accumulated in the portable within the ventilator V ₂ . In addition, the exhaust port 118 protects the portable ventilator V ₂ from extreme environmental risk factors and contamination from water, dust, mud, and the like.

  Note that the exhaust port 118 is located away from the exhaust port, i.e. the patient exhalation port 115, so as not to change the capnograph measurements obtained from the capnograph sensor, i.e. the capnograph chamber 113 and the capnograph sensor CS. It is important to do.

Power subsystem P ₂ :
The power subsystem P ₂ shown in FIG. 8 will be described below. Power is supplied to the portable ventilator V ₂ by the power subsystem P ₂ . The power subsystem P ₂ has a battery power source 201 and a power jack 202 that receives an external power source EP. A 12 to 14 volt rechargeable battery is preferred as the battery power source 201. However, a replaceable battery may be used. The power jack 202 is connected to the electronic circuit 203, and the electronic circuit 203 is connected to the battery power source 201. The electronic circuit 203 receives power from the external power supply EP via the power jack 202, recharges the battery power supply 201, and / or adjusts to a voltage necessary to bypass the battery power supply 201. When the external power supply EP is connected to the power supply jack 202, when the battery 201 is no, the case is inoperable, or in rechargeable, portable ventilator V _2, the operation by a bypass from the electronic circuit 203 can do. Power is led to the power switch 204 from either the battery power source 201 or the electronic circuit 203. Power, when turned on, derived from the power switch 204 to the voltage adjusting circuit 205, the voltage regulating circuit 205, power is supplied to the subsystem in the ventilator V _2.

The power subsystem P ₂ uses the voltage regulator circuit 205 to remove voltage fluctuations to the control subsystem C ₂ . A _second voltage regulation circuit 206 is used for elements of the control subsystem C ₂ and the alarm subsystem A ₂ that require lower voltages. In addition, the power subsystem P ₂ supplies drive voltage to the dual head air compressor 101 and single head air compressor 102 of the pneumatic subsystem N ₂ via the control subsystem C ₂ .

Control subsystem C ₂ :
As described above for the pneumatic subsystem N ₂ , the on / off cycle between the dual head air compressor 101 and the single head air compressor 102 is important to the operation of the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 9, the control subsystem C ₂ includes a timing circuit 401, which is used to control the mechanical relay switch 402, and includes a dual head air compressor 101 and a single head. The on / off cycle between the air compressors 102 is determined by a mechanical relay switch 402. This relay is configured as a single pole double throw switch 402 that is electronically controlled. In the preferred embodiment, timing circuit 401 is a “555” circuit. The relay switch 402 is connected to the single head air compressor 102 of the pneumatic subsystem N ₂ via a relay switch bar 402a and a first connector position 402b. The relay switch 402, that is, the relay switch bar 402a is preferably mechanical. The relay switch 402 is also connected to the dual head air compressor 101 via a switch bar 402a and a second connector position 402c. The timing circuit 401 is connected to a relay control circuit 402d, which relays the relay switch bar 402a with a first connector position 402b and a second connector position based on the breathing timing cycle generated by the timing circuit. Used to move to and from 402c. The respiratory timing cycle is described below. The timing circuit 401 is also connected to a capacitor 403, a first resistor 404, and a second resistor 405. The second resistor 405 is connected to the power subsystem P _2. The connection between the power subsystem P ₂ and the pneumatic subsystem N ₂ is not shown in FIG.

  The respiratory timing cycle is determined by the respiratory rate and the respiratory volume, and these values are selected according to American Medical Association guidelines.

As shown in FIG. 9a, t ₁ represents the preferred on-time of the air compressor 101 and correlates with the inspiratory time, and t ₂ represents the preferred off-time of the air compressor 101, and the expiratory time and Correlation. The sum of inspiration time and expiration time (t ₁ + t ₂ ) is one whole breath timing cycle.

Respiration rate is the number of total breath timing cycles per minute. Respiratory volume is determined by the amount of air supplied during the inspiration phase of a single respiratory timing cycle. The respiratory air volume is a product obtained by multiplying the flow rate of the air compressor 101 by the on-time t ₁ of the air compressor 101. Therefore,
(1) t ₁ = TV / f
Here, TV = breathing volume, f = flow velocity of the air compressor 101 (2) t ₁ + t ₂ = 60 seconds / RR
Here, RR = respiration rate, number of breaths per minute (3) t ₂ = 60 / RR−t ₁ = 60 / RR−TV / f
Thus, the values of t ₁ and t ₂ are determined using the American Medical Association guidelines for respiratory rate and volume and the flow rate of the air compressor 101. A diode 406 is used to allow t ₁ to be smaller than t ₂ .

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, capacitor 403, first resistor 404, and second resistor 405 form a charge / discharge timing circuit. In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9b, the charge cycle time is selected to be equal to the desired intake time t ₁ . Discharge timing cycle is chosen to be equal with the expiration time t ₂ determined. Therefore,
(4) t ₁ =. 693 (r ₁ + r ₂ ) c ₁
And (5) t ₂ =. 693 (r ₂ ) c ₁
Where r ₁ is the resistance value of the first resistor 404, r ₂ is the resistance value of the second resistor 405, and c ₁ is the capacitance value of the capacitor 403.

  Since the output of the charge / discharge circuit is not deterministic with respect to the on / off state of the air compressor 101, as shown in FIG. A circuit 401 is used.

  It is important to note that the timing circuit 401 is not powerful enough to operate the air compressors 101 and 102 directly. Therefore, the relay switch 402 is used. In the relay switch 402, the output of the timing circuit 401 is the control input of the relay circuit 402 as shown in FIG. Resistor 407 is used to prevent an electrical short when the output of timing circuit 401 is on.

  As shown in FIG. 9d, the on-cycle of the timing circuit 401 causes the relay switch 402 to form a path for supplying high power to the dual-head air compressor 101 in the on-cycle. The relay switch 402 is controlled by the output from 401.

  As shown in FIG. 9 e, the off cycle of the timing circuit 401 causes the relay switch 402 to form a path to the single head air compressor 102. The on / off cycle described above is configured by the on cycle of the air compressor 101 and the off cycle of the air compressor 102.

Timing characteristics, as shown in FIG. 9c and 9d, for proper operation of the portable ventilator V _2, also important to note that must match the desired timing characteristics of FIG. 9a It is.

Alarm subsystem A ₂ :
As shown in FIG. 10, the alarm subsystem A ₂ includes a light alarm stop connected to an LED indicator 502 indicating repair possible, an LED indicator 503 indicating failure to repair, and an LED indicator 504 indicating patient problems. A switch 501 is included. LED indicators 502, 503, and 504, respectively, repairable problems, irreparable problem, problems related to the patient, and is configured as shown in portable within ventilator V _2. LED indicators 502, 503, and 504 are disposed on the hard shell of portable ventilator V ₂ , ie, outer surface 100 a of housing 100. The light alarm stop switch 501 is accessible by the user U and is used to disconnect the LED alarms 502, 503, and 504 when needed. An audible alarm stop switch 505 is connected to the audible alarm switch 506. The audible alarm switch 506 is disposed on the hard shell, that is, the outer surface 100 a of the housing 100. The audible alarm stop switch 505 is accessible by the user U and is used to disconnect the audible alarm switch 506 when necessary.

A low voltage detection circuit 507 is connected to the battery power supply 201 and power switch 205 of the power subsystem P ₂ to indicate when the voltage is too low. The low voltage detection circuit 507 is also connected to a light alarm stop switch 501 and an LED indicator 502 indicating repair available to inform the user U of a repairable problem. The low voltage detection circuit 507 is connected to an audible alarm stop switch 505 and an audible alarm to notify the user U of an alarm based on sound.

Pulse missing / device / component failure detection circuit 508 is connected to the control subsystem C _2. Pulse missing / device / component failure detection circuit 508, unrepairable problems, namely to inform the user U an optical alarm stop switch 501 and unrepairable the need to replace the portable ventilator V ₂ The LED display 503 shown is also connected. The missing pulse / device / component failure detection circuit 508 is also connected to an audible alarm stop switch 505 and an audible alarm to notify the user U of an alarm based on sound.

A carbon dioxide detection circuit 509 is connected to the carbon dioxide event counter 510 and the carbon dioxide event trigger 511. A carbon dioxide detection circuit 509, a carbon dioxide event counter 510, and a carbon dioxide event trigger 511 are used to indicate that the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaled air a _e is low, ie, the capnographic sensor of the pneumatic subsystem N _2. The capnograph chamber 113 is connected. The carbon dioxide event trigger 511 is further connected to a light alarm stop switch 501 and an LED indicator 502 indicating a patient problem to inform the user U of a misconnection or patient dyspnea. The carbon dioxide detection circuit 509, the carbon dioxide event counter 510, and the carbon dioxide event trigger 511 are also connected to an audible alarm stop switch 505 and an audible alarm to notify the user U of an alarm based on sound. .

An expiratory flow detection circuit 512 is connected to the expiratory event counter 513 and the expiratory event trigger 514. Expiratory flow detection circuit 512, expiration event counter 513 and expiration event trigger 514, is connected to the pressure sensor 112 of the pneumatic subsystem N _2. The exhalation event trigger 514 is further connected to a light alarm stop switch 501 and an LED indicator 502 indicating patient abnormalities to inform the user U of misconnection or patient dyspnea. The expiratory flow detection circuit 512, the expiratory event counter 513, and the expiratory event trigger 514 are also connected to an audible alarm stop switch 505 and an audible alarm to notify the user U of an alarm based on sound.

An intake pressure detection circuit 515 is connected to the intake event counter 516 and the intake event trigger 517 to generate an alarm response when the pressure of the ambient air a is too high or too low. Intake pressure detecting circuit 515 is connected to the pressure sensor 107 of the pneumatic subsystem N _2. The inspiration event trigger 517 is further connected to a light alarm stop switch 501 and an LED indicator 502 indicating a patient problem to inform the user U of a misconnection or patient dyspnea. The intake pressure detection circuit 515, the intake event counter 516, and the intake event trigger 517 are also connected to an audible alarm stop switch 505 and an audible alarm to notify the user U of an alarm based on sound. In order to prevent harm to the patient H when the preset pressure threshold is exceeded by the intake pressure detection circuit 515, the relay control circuit 402d is informed of the operation of the single-head air compressor 101 from the operation of the dual-head air compressor 101. The operation of the air compressor 102 can be switched immediately.

1 is a schematic diagram of a portable ventilator, pneumatic subsystem, power subsystem, and sensor subsystem. FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic subsystem shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the electric power subsystem shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the sensor subsystem shown in FIG. It is a figure of the portable ventilator shown in FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portable ventilator, pneumatic subsystem, power subsystem, control subsystem, and alarm subsystem. FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram of the portable ventilator shown in FIG. 6. It is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic subsystem shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the electric power subsystem shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the control subsystem shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the on / off cycle of a dual head compressor. It is a graph of the timing cycle of charge and discharge of a resistor and a capacitor. It is a graph of the output of a timing circuit. Figure 6 is a graph showing higher power on / off cycles from a relay switch to a dual head compressor. Figure 6 is a graph showing higher power on / off cycles from a relay switch to a single head compressor. It is a schematic diagram of the alarm subsystem shown in FIG.

Claims (12)

A portable ventilator system,
A pneumatic subsystem, a power subsystem, a sensor subsystem, and a logic circuit board;
Further, the logic circuit board has a timing circuit and is connected to each of the plurality of subsystems,
Further, the pneumatic subsystem, the power subsystem, and the logic circuit board are configured to be housed in a housing having a recessed control panel.
Portable ventilator system. A portable ventilator system,
A hard shell device housing having internal and external surfaces;
The interior includes a power subsystem connected to a pneumatic subsystem, a control subsystem, and an alarm subsystem;
The pneumatic subsystem has a dual head compressor connected to a single head compressor, the dual head compressor and the single head compressor configured to operate alternately;
The control subsystem includes a timing circuit connected to a relay that controls an on / off cycle between the dual head compressors to control the dual head compressor and the single head compressor. It is further connected to the single head compressor and the dual head compressor so that they can be operated alternately,
The power subsystem has a battery power source connected to an electronic circuit, and the electronic circuit supplies a regulated power to the pneumatic subsystem, the control subsystem, and the alarm subsystem. The electronic circuit and the power jack are further configured to be connected to an external power source,
The power subsystem further includes a voltage regulation circuit to remove voltage fluctuations to the control subsystem, the power subsystem providing a lower voltage to the control subsystem and the alarm subsystem. To have a second voltage regulator circuit,
The alarm subsystem is further connected to the pneumatic subsystem and further includes an LED indicator for indicating a patient problem in order to detect a patient problem within the pneumatic subsystem, the indicator indicating the patient problem Is disposed on the outer surface,
The alarm subsystem further includes a failure detection circuit connected to an LED indicator indicating non-repairability, and the failure detection circuit and the LED indicator indicating non-repairable are problems that cannot be repaired in the control subsystem. An LED indicator connected to the control subsystem and indicating the non-repairable is disposed on the outer surface,
The alarm subsystem further includes a low voltage detection circuit connected to an LED indicator that indicates repairability, and the low voltage detection circuit and the LED indicator that indicates repairability are repairable within the power subsystem. In order to visually detect any problems, an LED indicator connected to the power subsystem and indicating the repairable is disposed on the outer surface,
Portable ventilator system. The pneumatic subsystem is
A first inlet port configured to allow air inhaled from the environment to enter the ventilator;
A first portion of a medical grade Y-tube configured to divide the air inhaled from the surroundings into two flow paths;
Further comprising
The dual head compressor has first and second inlet ports and first and second outlet ports, and both the inlet ports are air sucked from the surroundings from the Y-shaped pipe. The dual head compressor is configured to compress air taken in from the surroundings, and the first and second outlet ports are compressed The air sucked from the surroundings is configured to diverge from the dual head compressor,
The pneumatic subsystem is configured to receive inhaled air from the compressed ambient and divert the inhaled air from the compressed ambient to a first pressure sensor and a bidirectional flutter valve. An air manifold, wherein the first pressure sensor is configured to detect a pressure of air taken from the surroundings;
The flutter valve has a first inlet port for receiving the compressed inhaled air and a bi-directional second port configured to deliver the inhaled air to a patient Is composed of
The single head compressor is configured to allow the second port to receive exhalation from the patient, and the flutter valve further transmits the exhalation from the second port to the third port. Configured to deliver to an exit port, the exit port configured to allow the expiration to be monitored by a second sensor and to be delivered to a carbon dioxide detector, and further to the single head compressor Is configured to remove stagnant air from the ventilator,
The portable ventilator system of claim 2. The control subsystem has a second resistor and a first resistor connected to a capacitor to cause a charge / discharge cycle;
The timing circuit is connected to the first resistor, the second resistor, and the capacitor to generate an on / off state corresponding to the charge / discharge cycle, and the timing circuit is connected to the relay. Further connected, the relay is configured to supply higher power in response to the on / off state corresponding to the on / off state of the timing circuit;
The relay further includes a relay control unit and a switch bar, and the relay control unit is configured to switch the switch bar between a second connector position and a first connector position. And
The second connector position is connected to the single head compressor for operating the single head compressor in the on / off cycle;
The first connector position is connected to the dual head compressor for operating the dual head compressor in the on / off cycle corresponding to the higher power on / off state;
The portable ventilator system of claim 3. The alarm subsystem further comprises a light alarm stop switch and an audible alarm connected to the audible alarm stop switch;
The light alarm stop switch is configured to stop the LED indicator indicating that the repair is impossible, the LED indicator indicating that the repair is possible, and the LED indicator indicating the patient problem.
The audible alarm is configured to generate a sound-based alarm in response to a repairable indication, a non-repairable indication, and a patient problem indication, the audible alarm being disposed on the outer surface. Furthermore, the audible alarm stop switch is configured to bypass the audible alarm if necessary.
The portable ventilator system of claim 4.   The portable ventilator system of claim 5, wherein the second sensor comprises a pressure sensor.   The portable ventilator system of claim 5, wherein the second sensor comprises a flow sensor. A method of operating a portable ventilator,
(A) drawing air sucked from the surroundings into the dual head compressor;
(B) compressing the air sucked from the surroundings in the dual head compressor while maintaining the single head compressor in an off state, and monitoring the pressure of the compressed air;
(C) sending the compressed inhaled air to an air manifold to open a flutter valve;
(D) sending the compressed inhaled air from the air manifold to the flutter valve through an inlet port;
(E) sending the compressed inhaled air to a patient through a bidirectional second port of the flutter valve;
(F) holding the exhalation port of the flutter valve closed during operation of the dual head compressor;
(G) Operate the single head compressor to close the inlet port and open the exhalation port, turn the dual head compressor off when the single head compressor is turned on, Allowing to enter the port of the opposite type;
(H) sending exhalation through the exhalation port and confirming the presence of exhalation using a second sensor;
(I) removing exhalation from the ventilator through a patient exhalation port;
A method of operating a portable ventilator comprising:   9. The method of operating a portable ventilator according to claim 8, further comprising the step of measuring carbon dioxide concentration in exhaled air using a capnograph sensor. (A) generating the on / off cycle using a timing circuit;
(B) controlling an on / off cycle of the dual head compressor and the single head compressor using a relay switch;
(C) using the portable ventilator to create a patient inspiration / expiration cycle corresponding to the on / off cycle of the dual head compressor and the single head compressor;
(D) generating visual and audible alerts in response to patient-related problems;
(E) generating visual and audible alarms corresponding to respirable and irreparable problems of the ventilator;
10. The method of operating a portable ventilator according to claim 9, further comprising:   11. A method of operating a portable ventilator according to claim 10, comprising using a pressure sensor as the second sensor.   11. A method of operating a portable ventilator according to claim 10, comprising using a flow sensor as the second sensor.

Images