JP2007240469A - Glass bottle inspection device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a glass bottle inspection device capable of inspecting easily and quickly a defective bottle port of a glass bottle. <P>SOLUTION: This glass bottle inspection device 1 has a light source 13 for irradiating the bottle port 3c of the glass bottle 3 with light, and a camera 17 for photographing the bottle port 3c irradiated with the light from the light source 13, and determines quality of the glass bottle 3, based on a photographed image by the camera 17. The glass bottle inspection device 1 detects measuring points P3a, P3b of two points on a top face 3e of the bottle port 3c, based on the photographed image, and calculates a Y-axis direction difference ▵Y between the respective measuring points P3a, P3b to detect a top face inclination. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for inspecting a glass bottle mouth, and more particularly, to a technique for performing various tests relating to the mouth shape of a glass bottle at high speed.

In general, in a glass bottle manufacturing process, a glass bottle manufactured by a bottle making machine is guided to a glass bottle inspection device, and the glass bottle inspection device is inspected for defects, and a glass bottle having a predetermined defect is excluded as a defective product. The As this type of glass bottle inspection device, there is known a top surface inspection device that inspects the inclination of the top surface of the bottle mouth (hereinafter referred to as “top inclination”). By eliminating the liquid leakage of the contents and trouble at the time of capping can be prevented beforehand (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP-A 64-49906

However, the conventional glass bottle inspection apparatus has a plurality of measuring elements such as a plate material abutting on the top surface of the bottle mouth, and the inclination of the plate material is detected from the distance between the plurality of points on the plate material and the measuring elements and electrodes. There is a problem that a sensor is required, the configuration of the inspection apparatus is complicated, and time is required for measurement.
This invention is made | formed in view of the situation mentioned above, and it aims at providing the glass bottle test | inspection apparatus which can test | inspect the defect of the bottle mouth of a glass bottle simply and at high speed.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a light irradiation means for irradiating light to a bottle mouth of a glass bottle, and a photographing means for photographing the bottle mouth irradiated with light by the light irradiation means, A glass bottle inspection apparatus that determines the quality of the glass bottle based on a photographed image by a photographing means, and detects two points on the top surface of the bottle mouth based on the photographed image, and a vertical direction between the two points It is characterized by calculating the difference between the above and detecting the sky tilt.

  Further, the present invention is the above invention, further comprising a rotating means for rotating the glass bottle around a bottle axis, wherein the photographing means photographs the bottle mouth of the glass bottle rotated by the rotating means, and a plurality of still images are taken. Output a captured image, and for each captured image, detect two points on the top of the bottle mouth, calculate a vertical difference between the two points, and calculate an average value of the calculation results of each captured image And detecting the inclination of the sky.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a light irradiation means for irradiating light to a bottle mouth of a glass bottle, and a photographing means for photographing the bottle mouth irradiated with light by the light irradiation means, A glass bottle inspection device that determines the quality of the glass bottle based on a photographed image by the photographing means, and detects a shape of a lower end portion of a skirt portion formed in the bottle mouth based on the photographed image, and a skirt It is characterized by detecting an output failure.

  Further, the present invention is the above invention, wherein the first straight line extending on the side surface of the skirt portion and the second straight line extending on the lower surface are detected, the intersection of the first and second straight lines is set as a vertex, and from the vertex A rectangular detection window having a bottom extending along the second straight line is formed, and the defective skirt protrusion is detected based on a ratio of an area other than the skirt portion of the glass bottle to the area of the detection window. And

  According to the present invention, based on a photographed image of the bottle mouth of the glass bottle, two points on the top of the bottle mouth are detected, and the vertical difference between the two points is calculated to detect the top slope. There is no need for a plurality of measuring elements or sensors, and it is possible to detect the sky tilt easily and at high speed.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a glass bottle inspection apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. In this figure, the slide plate 2 guides the bottle bottom 3a of the glass bottle 3, a hole 5 is formed in the guide surface 2a of the slide plate 2, and a pair of rollers 7 faces the hole 5 from below. A bottle bottom 3 a of the glass bottle 3 is rotatably supported by the roller 7. When the glass bottle 3 is guided onto the guide surface 2a (measurement station S) of the slide plate 2, the glass bottle 3 is held between the pair of free rollers 9 and the drive wheel 11, and the glass bottle is driven by the driving force of the drive wheel 11. 3 is rotated. As a result, the glass bottle 3 is rotated about the bottle axis G as the rotation axis.

  In the measurement station S, the light source 13 and the high-speed area sensor camera (hereinafter simply referred to as “camera”) 17 to which the telecentric lens 15 whose image magnification does not change is sandwiched between the bottle mouth 3c of the glass bottle 3 are substantially identical. The camera 17 captures an image of the bottle mouth 3 c that is opposed to the line and is illuminated by light from the light source 13. At this time, the optical axis K of the camera 17 (telecentric lens 15) is tilted upward by an angle α with respect to the horizontal axis H, and the bottle mouth 3c is photographed from a slightly lower side. This prevents the camera 17 from taking a picture of the edge of the bottle mouth 3 c on the back side when viewed from the camera 17. The light source 13 is configured by arranging blue LEDs that emit blue light in a matrix.

  A motor 23 is connected to the control circuit 100, and the motor 23 drives the drive wheel 11 under the control of the control circuit 100. The rotation angle of the drive wheel 11 is detected by the encoder 27 and output to the control circuit 100. Further, a magnetic displacement sensor 29 is connected to the control circuit 100, and this magnetic displacement sensor 29 detects the vertical position of the roller 7 that supports the bottle bottom 3 a of the glass bottle 3. The control circuit 100 and the camera controller 21 are connected to the inspection circuit 101. While the bottle 3 is rotating, a shooting signal is input from the camera 17, and a still image is captured at predetermined time intervals. It is generated and output to a personal computer (hereinafter referred to as “personal computer”) PC. The personal computer PC has a display 110A, and simultaneously determines the quality of the shape of the plurality of parts of the bottle mouth 3c based on the photographed image. In this embodiment, the ceiling inclination of the bottle mouth 3c and the skirt portion protrusion failure (Hereinafter referred to as “skirt defect”).

Next, the inspection operation of the glass bottle inspection apparatus will be described.
When the glass bottle 3 enters the measuring station S, the glass bottle 3 is driven by the drive wheel 11 and rotates around the bottle axis G. Since this rotation is based on the body part 3f of the glass bottle 3 (= holding), if the bottle bottom 3a of the glass bottle 3 is inclined, the roller 7 hitting the lowered part of the bottle bottom 3a is pushed down. The roller 7 is displaced downward in the vertical direction.
While the glass bottle 3 rotates around the bottle axis G, the camera 17 always photographs the bottle mouth 3c of the glass bottle 3, and the photographed images of the bottle mouth 3c are sequentially transferred to the personal computer PC via the camera controller 21 and the inspection circuit 101. It is captured. Then, the personal computer PC performs image processing on each photographed image, and determines whether there is a ceiling inclination or a defective skirt.

  FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a bottle mouth of a glass bottle. As shown in this figure, the bottle mouth 3c of the glass bottle 3 has a diameter smaller than that of the body portion 3f, and a screw portion 3d for screwing a cap (not shown) is formed on the outer periphery, and a sealing portion is formed below the screw portion 3d. A skirt portion 3d is formed. The top surface 3e of the bottle mouth 3c extends substantially horizontally as shown by a solid line in a non-defective product, but inclines as shown by a virtual line in a defective product. Further, the skirt portion 3d has a shape in which the lower end portion 50 is angular when it is a non-defective product, and has a rounded shape with rounded corners as indicated by an imaginary line when it is a defective product. The present glass bottle inspection device 1 detects the respective degrees of the inclination of the top surface 3e and the roundness of the skirt portion 3d based on the photographed image, and sorts out defective products of the glass bottle 3.

  Describing in detail the detection of the top inclination, the personal computer PC executes the following image processing every time one captured image is captured for the bottle mouth 3c. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when the personal computer PC captures one photographed image, the Y-axis coordinate value Yp1 of the center top surface edge position P1, which is the intersection of the bottle axis G and the top surface 3e of the bottle mouth 3c, is obtained. To detect. Next, the personal computer PC determines the Y-axis coordinate value Yp1A of the point P1A shifted downward from the center top surface edge position P1 by the predetermined distance Yc1 along the Y axis, and the horizontal line L1 passing through this point P1A and the bottle mouth 3c. X-axis coordinate values Xp2a and Xp2b of the side surface positions P2a and P2b are obtained from the intersections of both ends. The predetermined distance Yc1 is set to a value smaller than the shortest distance Ca from the top surface 3e to the screw portion 3b, and the side surface positions P2a and P2b are prevented from being positioned on the screw portion 3b. In addition, in order to obtain the side positions P2a and P2b of the bottle mouth 3c, the center top face edge position P1 that is the intersection of the bottle axis G and the top face 3e was first obtained, but not necessarily the center of the top face 3e. It is sufficient if any position of the top surface 3e is identified first. That is, when the bottle mouth 3c is located at the approximate center of the photographed image, the point where the vertical line passing through the substantially central point of the photographed image and the upper end of the bottle mouth 3c intersect is defined as the center top surface edge position P1. good.

  Next, in order to determine the two measurement points P3a and P3b on the top surface 3e, the personal computer PC shifts the point P4A shifted from the side surface positions P2a and P2b by a predetermined distance Xc1 along the X axis toward the center of the bottle mouth 3c. , P4B X-axis coordinate values Xp4A and Xp4B are determined, and the intersection of the vertical line L2A passing through the point P4A and the top surface 3e and the intersection of the vertical line L2B passing through the point P4B and the top surface 3e are defined as measurement points P3a and P3b. Ask. Thus, by setting the points P3a and P3b shifted by the predetermined distance Xc1 toward the center of the bottle mouth 3c with respect to the side surface positions P2a and P2b as the measurement points P3a and P3b, the bottle shaft G (the bottle mouth 3c Even if the center) is not accurately detected, the measurement points P3a and P3b can always be at the same position.

  Next, the personal computer PC calculates ΔY = | Yp3a−Yp3b |, which is the absolute value of the difference between the Y-axis coordinate values Yp3a and Yp3b of the measurement points P3a and P3b, thereby obtaining the sky inclination in the captured image. Note that the value of ΔY at this time is the number of pixels. Each time a captured image is captured for one glass bottle 3, the personal computer PC calculates ΔY in each captured image, and when capturing of the captured image is completed, the ΔY in each captured image is used to obtain the following equation (1). Based on this, the ceiling inclination of the glass bottle 3 is calculated.

Ceiling = ΣΔY × (n / N) × Ca (1)
Here, n is the number of currently captured images, N is the maximum number of captured images under examination, and Ca is a conversion constant.

In the above equation (1), ΔY for each captured image is added by ΣΔY, and the value of ΣΔY is converted from the number of pixels to a unit of distance by a conversion constant Ca. At this time, when the number of photographed images varies for each inspection of one glass bottle 3 due to the rotation speed of the glass bottle 3 or the variation of the photographing timing by the camera 17, the value of ΣΔY greatly deviates for each glass bottle. End up. Therefore, in order to absorb variations in ΣΔY due to fluctuations in the number of photographed images (number of measurement samplings) for one glass bottle 3, ΣΔY is multiplied by (number of photographed images n / maximum number of photographed images N).
Through the above processing, the top inclination of the glass bottle 3 is detected, and when this top inclination is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, exclusion is determined.

  Now, the personal computer PC detects not only the skirt inclination but also the skirt protrusion defect. In detail, the personal computer PC executes the following image processing every time a captured image is taken in the bottle mouth 3c. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, when the personal computer PC captures one photographed image, it detects skirt side positions P10A and P10B that are two points on the side surface 52 of the skirt portion 3d. A straight line L10 connecting these two skirt side surface positions P10A and P10B becomes the side surface 52 of the skirt portion 3d. In addition, as these skirt side surface positions P10A and P10B, it is desirable to detect the upper part of the skirt part 51 (the upper half of the height dimension of the skirt part 51).

  Next, the personal computer PC obtains points P11A and P11B obtained by shifting the skirt side positions P10A and P10B by a predetermined distance Xc2 along the X axis toward the center of the bottle mouth 3c, and straight lines passing through these points P11A and P11B. A skirt lower surface position P12 that is an intersection of L11 and the lower surface 51 of the skirt portion 3d is obtained. A horizontal line L12 passing through the skirt lower surface position P12 is a line extending on the lower surface 51 of the skirt portion 3d. Next, the personal computer PC obtains the skirt lower end position P13 from the intersection of the horizontal line L12 (line extending on the lower surface 51 of the skirt part 3d) and the straight line L10 (line extending on the side surface 52 of the skirt part 3d). . The personal computer PC generates a rectangular detection window W having a predetermined height Yc2 with the skirt lower surface position P12 and the skirt lower end position P13 as the base, and binarizes the image in the detection window W (for example, The ratio of the number of pixels in the glass bottle 3 (for example, the number of black pixels) and the number of pixels in the background (for example, the number of white pixels) is calculated.

  More specifically, in the detection window W, as shown in FIG. 5, when the lower end 50 of the skirt 3d is not rounded at all, the skirt lower end position is such that the side surface 52 of the skirt 3d is indicated by a solid line. The glass pixel portion 60A and the background pixel portion 60B in the detection window W are extended as shown in FIG. On the other hand, as the lower end portion 50 of the skirt portion 3d is rounded as indicated by a virtual line, the region included in the glass bottle pixel portion 60A is included in the background pixel portion 60B, and the detection window In W, the background pixel portion 60B increases. Therefore, the personal computer PC calculates a background ratio, which is a ratio of the number of pixels of the background pixel portion 60B in the detection window W, and determines that it is excluded as a skirt out defect when the background ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The personal computer PC calculates the background ratio for each photographed image every time a photographed image is captured for one glass bottle 3, and determines that the background ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined value even once. Of course, the exclusion may be determined based on the average value of the background ratio obtained for each captured image.

  Now, the process of the above-mentioned top inclination detection and skirt protrusion defect detection is displayed as an inspection screen 200 on the display of the personal computer PC as shown in FIG. The inspection screen 200 is provided with an inspection parameter setting button 200A for inputting and setting various setting values such as a threshold value to be excluded as a ceiling inclination and a background ratio threshold value to be excluded as a defective skirt. An information window 200B for displaying information on the number and inspection results is provided. In this information window 200B, the total number of glass bottles 3 inspected up to the present time, the total number of glass bottles 3 to be excluded, the rejection rate, the number of heavenly slopes excluded due to defective ceiling inclination, and the skirt excluded due to defective skirting The number of exclusions and the like are displayed, and it is possible to recognize how much the glass bottle 3 has been eliminated by what kind of defect.

  Further, on the inspection screen 200, the captured images 210 of the glass bottles 3 that are currently inspected are sequentially switched and displayed, and below that, ΔY and the background ratio are displayed as a history as an inspection result for each captured image 210. Is done. Next to the photographed image 210, a photographed image 210A of the glass bottle 3 that is finally excluded is displayed. Further, in the captured image 210A, the location that is the reason for the exclusion is displayed surrounded by a frame 212. For example, when it is determined to be excluded by a ceiling inclination, the top surface 3e is surrounded by the frame 212, In addition, when it is determined to be excluded due to defective skirt protrusion, the lower end portion 50 of the skirt portion 3d is surrounded by the frame 212. Below the captured image 210A, the sky inclination and the background ratio are displayed, so that it is possible to quickly and visually recognize how much defect has occurred in the bottle mouth 3c of the glass bottle 3. .

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the measurement points P3a and P3b on the top surface 3e of the bottle mouth 3 are detected based on the photographed image of the bottle mouth 3c of the glass bottle 3, and these measurement points P3a and P3b are detected. Since ΔY, which is the difference in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction), is detected to detect the sky tilt, the sky tilt can be detected easily and quickly without the need for a plurality of measuring elements or sensors.
In particular, according to the present embodiment, the bottle 3c is photographed while rotating the glass bottle 3 to obtain a plurality of still image photographed images, and the measurement points P3a and P3b of the bottle mouth 3c are obtained for each of these photographed images. ΔY is calculated, and the average value of each ΔY is calculated to detect the ceiling tilt, so that the error included in ΔY of each captured image is canceled due to rotation, vibration, unevenness of the top surface 3e, etc. be able to.
When a plurality of photographed images are photographed on the glass bottle 3, the number of the photographed images is taken at this time and one inspection is performed in order to cancel out the error caused by the variation in the number of photographed images for each glass bottle 3 to be inspected. It is desirable to correct the detection value of the above-mentioned ceiling inclination based on the maximum number of captured images.

Moreover, according to this embodiment, in order to detect the skirt out defect by detecting the shape of the lower end part 50 of the skirt part 3d formed in the bottle mouth 3c based on the photographed image of the bottle mouth 3c of the glass bottle 3. Without using a plurality of measuring elements or sensors, it is possible to detect a skirt out defect at high speed with a simple apparatus configuration.
In particular, according to the present embodiment, the intersection of the straight line L10 extending on the side surface 52 of the skirt portion 3d and the straight line L12 extending on the lower surface 51 is defined as a vertex (skirt lower end portion position P13), and along the straight line L12 from the vertex. A rectangular detection window W having an extending bottom is formed, and the skirt portion is detected in order to detect a skirt protrusion defect based on the ratio of the area (background pixel portion) other than the skirt part 3d of the glass bottle 3 to the area of the detection window W. Even if the shape (particularly the angle) of the lower end portion 3d of 3d is not accurately detected, it is possible to easily determine whether the skirt is defective.

  Further, according to the present embodiment, the bottle 3c is photographed by the camera 17, and the glass bottle 3 is inspected in order to simultaneously determine the quality of a plurality of parts such as the top inclination of the bottle mouth 3c and defective skirt out based on the photographed image. Can be speeded up and manufacturing throughput can be improved. Furthermore, since the glass bottle inspection apparatus 1 simultaneously inspects a plurality of parts, it is not necessary to install an inspection apparatus for each part, and costs can be reduced.

  It should be noted that the above-described embodiment is merely an aspect of the present invention, and can be arbitrarily modified and applied within the scope of the present invention.

The block diagram of the glass bottle inspection apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The block diagram of the bottle mouth of a glass bottle. The figure for demonstrating the detection of the inclination of a top | upper surface. The figure for demonstrating the defect detection of a skirt part. The figure for demonstrating the defective appearance of a skirt part. The figure which shows typically the one aspect | mode of a test | inspection screen.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Glass bottle inspection apparatus 3 Glass bottle 3b Screw part 3c Bottle opening 3d Skirt part 3e Top surface 3f Body 11 Drive wheel 13 Light source 17 Camera G Bottle axis PC Personal computer (personal computer)
W detection window

Claims (4)

A light irradiating means for irradiating light to the bottle mouth of the glass bottle; and a photographing means for photographing the bottle mouth irradiated with light by the light irradiating means, and whether the glass bottle is good or bad based on a photographed image by the photographing means. A glass bottle inspection device for determining
2. A glass bottle inspection apparatus that detects two points on the top surface of the bottle mouth based on the photographed image, calculates a vertical difference between the two points, and detects a top inclination. In the glass bottle inspection device according to claim 1,
Rotating means for rotating the glass bottle around the bottle axis,
The photographing means photographs the mouth of the glass bottle being rotated by the rotating means and outputs a plurality of still image photographed images,
For each captured image, two points on the top of the bottle mouth are detected to calculate the vertical difference between the two points, and the average value of the calculation results of each captured image is calculated to detect the top inclination. A glass bottle inspection device characterized by: A light irradiating means for irradiating light to the bottle mouth of the glass bottle; and a photographing means for photographing the bottle mouth irradiated with light by the light irradiating means, and whether the glass bottle is good or bad based on a photographed image by the photographing means. A glass bottle inspection device for determining
An apparatus for inspecting a glass bottle, wherein a shape of a lower end portion of a skirt portion formed in the bottle mouth is detected based on the photographed image to detect a defective skirt protrusion. In the glass bottle inspection apparatus according to claim 3,
Detecting a first straight line extending on the side surface of the skirt portion and a second straight line extending on the lower surface;
Forming a rectangular detection window having an intersection of the first and second straight lines as a vertex and a bottom extending from the vertex along the second straight line;
The glass bottle inspection apparatus that detects the skirt protrusion defect based on a ratio of an area other than the skirt portion of the glass bottle to an area of the detection window.

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