JP2007159083A - Antenna matching circuit - Google Patents

Antenna matching circuit Download PDF

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JP2007159083A
JP2007159083A JP2006116875A JP2006116875A JP2007159083A JP 2007159083 A JP2007159083 A JP 2007159083A JP 2006116875 A JP2006116875 A JP 2006116875A JP 2006116875 A JP2006116875 A JP 2006116875A JP 2007159083 A JP2007159083 A JP 2007159083A
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antenna
matching circuit
variable capacitance
series
parallel
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Mitsuya Okazaki
三也 岡崎
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Alps Alpine Co Ltd
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Alps Electric Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/JP2006/322106 priority patent/WO2007055175A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antenna matching circuit suitable for a small-sized antenna which can be housed in a thin electronic device. <P>SOLUTION: An antenna matching circuit 6 comprises a first variable capacitance element 7 connected in series with an antenna element 1, a second variable capacitance element 8 connected in parallel with the antenna element 1, a first inductor 9 connected in series with the antenna element 1, and a second inductor 10 connected in parallel with the antenna element 1. The antenna element 1 comprises a serial resistor 2 and a series capacitance element 3. A transmission line 4 contains a load resistor 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明はアンテナ整合回路に関し、特に小型アンテナに適するアンテナ整合回路に関する。   The present invention relates to an antenna matching circuit, and more particularly to an antenna matching circuit suitable for a small antenna.

広帯域、小型であって、屋根の棟内に配置するのが容易なアンテナ素子として、特開平１１−３５５０３１号公報に開示されているアンテナ素子がある。このアンテナ素子１は、略ホーン形状に構成されている。このアンテナ素子は、その中心軸線がほぼ垂直に、かつ ホーンの頂点が接地板側に位置するように配置されている。また、アンテナ素子の底面の周縁部には、所定間隔をおいて容量体が配置されている。この容量体の一端は、接地板に結合されている。
特開平１１−３５５０３１号公報 An antenna element disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-355031 is known as an antenna element that is broadband and small and can be easily placed in a roof ridge. The antenna element 1 has a substantially horn shape. This antenna element is arranged so that its central axis is almost vertical and the apex of the horn is located on the ground plate side. In addition, a capacitor is disposed at a predetermined interval on the peripheral edge of the bottom surface of the antenna element. One end of the capacitor is coupled to the ground plate.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-355031

上記のようなアンテナ素子は、立体形状であるので、ノートブック型のパーソナルコンピュータのような薄型の電子機器に収納することができない。また、アンテナ素子のサイズも電波波長の約６分の１と比較的大きいので、前記薄型の電子機器に搭載すると、電子機器に対してアンテナ素子の占める割合が大きくなり、デザイン的に不釣合いである。したがって、近年、薄型の電子機器に収納することができる小型アンテナへの要望が高まっている。   Since the antenna element as described above has a three-dimensional shape, it cannot be stored in a thin electronic device such as a notebook personal computer. In addition, since the size of the antenna element is relatively large, about one-sixth of the radio wave wavelength, when it is mounted on the thin electronic device, the ratio of the antenna element to the electronic device increases, which is unbalanced in design. is there. Therefore, in recent years, there is an increasing demand for a small antenna that can be housed in a thin electronic device.

上記のような薄型の電子機器に収納することができる小型アンテナを実現する場合、従来のような略ホーン形状のアンテナを用いることができず、小型アンテナは、そのアンテナ素子に適したアンテナ整合回路を設けることが必要となる。   When realizing a small antenna that can be housed in a thin electronic device as described above, a conventional horn-shaped antenna cannot be used, and the small antenna is an antenna matching circuit suitable for the antenna element. It is necessary to provide

本発明はかかる点に鑑みてなされたもので、薄型の電子機器に収納することができる小型アンテナに適したアンテナ整合回路を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to provide an antenna matching circuit suitable for a small antenna that can be housed in a thin electronic device.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路は、アンテナ素子と伝送線路との間に介在させたアンテナ整合回路であって、前記アンテナ整合回路は、前記アンテナ素子と直列に接続された第１可変容量素子と、前記アンテナ素子及び前記第１可変容量素子に対して並列に接続された第２可変容量素子と、前記アンテナ素子、前記第１可変容量素子及び前記第２可変容量素子に対して直列又は並列に接続されたインダクタと、を具備することを特徴とする。   The antenna matching circuit of the present invention is an antenna matching circuit interposed between an antenna element and a transmission line, and the antenna matching circuit includes a first variable capacitance element connected in series with the antenna element, A second variable capacitance element connected in parallel to the antenna element and the first variable capacitance element; and a series or parallel connection to the antenna element, the first variable capacitance element and the second variable capacitance element. And an inductor.

この構成によれば、第１可変容量素子によりアンテナ整合回路のＱ値を略一定に保ち、インダクタにより伝送線路の負荷抵抗と整合をとる。これにより、アンテナ素子と伝送線路との間のインピーダンス整合をとることができる。また、第２可変容量素子を可変にすることにより、同調周波数を変えることができる。したがって、薄型の電子機器に収納することができる小型アンテナを用いても、広い周波数範囲においてインピーダンス整合をとることができる。   According to this configuration, the Q value of the antenna matching circuit is kept substantially constant by the first variable capacitance element, and the load resistance of the transmission line is matched by the inductor. Thereby, impedance matching between the antenna element and the transmission line can be achieved. Further, the tuning frequency can be changed by making the second variable capacitance element variable. Therefore, even if a small antenna that can be housed in a thin electronic device is used, impedance matching can be achieved in a wide frequency range.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路においては、前記インダクタは、前記アンテナ素子、前記第１可変容量素子及び前記第２可変容量素子に対して直列に接続された第１インダクタと、前記アンテナ素子、前記第１可変容量素子及び前記第２可変容量素子に対して並列に接続された第２インダクタとで構成されることが好ましい。   In the antenna matching circuit of the present invention, the inductor includes a first inductor connected in series to the antenna element, the first variable capacitance element, and the second variable capacitance element; the antenna element; It is preferable that a variable capacitor and a second inductor connected in parallel to the second variable capacitor are included.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路においては、前記第１及び第２可変容量素子がほぼ同じ特性を有することが好ましい。この構成によれば、同種の可変容量素子を用いることができるので、部品種類を増加させることがない。   In the antenna matching circuit of the present invention, it is preferable that the first and second variable capacitance elements have substantially the same characteristics. According to this configuration, since the same type of variable capacitance element can be used, the number of component types is not increased.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路においては、前記アンテナ素子はアンテナ給電点において等価である直列容量素子を含み、前記直列容量素子と前記第１可変容量素子とが直列接続されており、前記直列容量素子と前記第２可変容量素子とが並列接続されていることが好ましい。   In the antenna matching circuit of the present invention, the antenna element includes a series capacitive element that is equivalent at an antenna feeding point, and the series capacitive element and the first variable capacitive element are connected in series. The second variable capacitance element is preferably connected in parallel.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路においては、前記第１及び第２可変容量素子は、一つの素子に形成されていることが好ましい。この構成によれば、アンテナ整合回路の小型化を図ることができると共に生産性を向上することができる。   In the antenna matching circuit of the present invention, it is preferable that the first and second variable capacitance elements are formed as one element. According to this configuration, the antenna matching circuit can be reduced in size and productivity can be improved.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路は、アンテナ素子と伝送線路との間に介在させたアンテナ整合回路であって、前記アンテナ整合回路は、前記アンテナ素子と並列に接続された第１同調インダクタ、前記アンテナ素子と直列に接続された第１可変容量素子及び前記アンテナ素子と並列に接続された結合素子で構成された第１共振回路と、前記伝送線路と直列に接続された第２可変容量素子及び第２同調インダクタ、並びに前記伝送線路と並列に接続された前記結合素子で構成された第２共振回路と、が前記結合素子で疎結合されてなることを特徴とする。この構成によれば、一定の通過帯域幅を有する広帯域同調アンテナを実現できる。   The antenna matching circuit of the present invention is an antenna matching circuit interposed between an antenna element and a transmission line, and the antenna matching circuit includes a first tuning inductor connected in parallel with the antenna element, and the antenna element. A first variable capacitance element connected in series with the antenna element, a coupling element connected in parallel with the antenna element, a second variable capacitance element connected in series with the transmission line, and a second variable capacitance element. A tuning inductor and a second resonance circuit including the coupling element connected in parallel with the transmission line are loosely coupled by the coupling element. According to this configuration, it is possible to realize a broadband tuning antenna having a certain pass bandwidth.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路においては、前記第２可変容量素子と並列に接続された第１固定容量素子と、前記第２可変容量素子と直列に接続された第２固定容量素子とを有することが好ましい。この構成によれば、必要な通過帯域幅を保ったまま、中心周波数だけを可変することができる。   The antenna matching circuit of the present invention may include a first fixed capacitance element connected in parallel with the second variable capacitance element, and a second fixed capacitance element connected in series with the second variable capacitance element. preferable. According to this configuration, it is possible to vary only the center frequency while maintaining the necessary pass bandwidth.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路においては、前記第２共振回路において、前記伝送線路と並列に接続された負荷整合インダクタを有することが好ましい。   In the antenna matching circuit of the present invention, it is preferable that the second resonance circuit has a load matching inductor connected in parallel with the transmission line.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路においては、前記アンテナ素子は、最低周波数信号の波長の１／４よりも短い高さを有する先端開放型のアンテナ素子であることが好ましい。   In the antenna matching circuit of the present invention, the antenna element is preferably an open-ended antenna element having a height shorter than ¼ of the wavelength of the lowest frequency signal.

本発明によれば、アンテナ素子と伝送線路との間に介在させたアンテナ整合回路であって、前記アンテナ整合回路は、前記アンテナ素子と直列に接続された第１可変容量素子と、前記アンテナ素子及び前記第１可変容量素子に対して並列に接続された第２可変容量素子と、前記アンテナ素子、前記第１可変容量素子及び前記第２可変容量素子に対して直列又は並列に接続されたインダクタと、を具備するので、薄型の電子機器に収納することができる小型アンテナに適したアンテナ整合回路を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, there is an antenna matching circuit interposed between an antenna element and a transmission line, the antenna matching circuit including a first variable capacitance element connected in series with the antenna element, and the antenna element And a second variable capacitor connected in parallel to the first variable capacitor, and an inductor connected in series or in parallel to the antenna element, the first variable capacitor and the second variable capacitor. Therefore, it is possible to provide an antenna matching circuit suitable for a small antenna that can be housed in a thin electronic device.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
（実施の形態１）
本発明者は、薄型の電子機器に収納することができる小型アンテナに適したアンテナ整合回路を実現するにあたり、次のような考察を行った。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
The present inventor has considered the following in realizing an antenna matching circuit suitable for a small antenna that can be housed in a thin electronic device.

薄型の電子機器に収納することができる小型アンテナとして、図１に示すような小型アンテナ（微小三角アンテナ）が考えられる。この先端開放型の小型アンテナは、接地板１０２上に略三角形状のアンテナ素子１０１が設けられており、接地板１０２とアンテナ素子１０１の先端部との間に給電点１０３が設けられている。   As a small antenna that can be housed in a thin electronic device, a small antenna (a small triangular antenna) as shown in FIG. 1 can be considered. In this small open-ended antenna, a substantially triangular antenna element 101 is provided on a ground plate 102, and a feeding point 103 is provided between the ground plate 102 and the tip of the antenna element 101.

このアンテナ素子１０１の高さを、例えば４７０ＭＨｚの波長である６４ｃｍの約１／１８とすると（図１における矢印高さ）、その給電点１０３のインピーダンスは、図２に示すように、放射抵抗が極めて小さく、かつ、容量性負荷の特性となる。図２において、ｒａは直列抵抗を示し、ｘａはリアクタンスを示す。   When the height of the antenna element 101 is, for example, approximately 1/18 of 64 cm, which is a wavelength of 470 MHz (the height of the arrow in FIG. 1), the impedance of the feeding point 103 is, as shown in FIG. It is extremely small and has a capacitive load characteristic. In FIG. 2, ra indicates series resistance and xa indicates reactance.

この給電点１０３のインピーダンスの５０Ω伝送線路に対する反射は、図３に示すよう、ほとんど全反射の状態となる。このままでは、上記負荷との間で極めて大きな不整合を生じ、伝送線路に電力を供給することができない。   The reflection of the impedance of the feeding point 103 with respect to the 50Ω transmission line is almost totally reflected as shown in FIG. In this state, a very large mismatch occurs between the load and power cannot be supplied to the transmission line.

このような大きな不整合を解決する手段として、パイ型（π型）整合回路がある。図４に示すように、π型整合回路１１６は、アンテナ素子１１１と伝送線路１１４との間に設けられている。π型整合回路１１６は、アンテナ素子１１１と直列に接続されたインダクタ１１７と、アンテナ素子１１１と並列に接続された入力側及び出力側可変容量素子１１８，１１９とを含む。アンテナ素子１１１は、直列抵抗１１２と直列容量素子１１３とを含む。また、伝送線路１１４は負荷抵抗１１５を含む。   As means for solving such a large mismatch, there is a pi-type (π-type) matching circuit. As shown in FIG. 4, the π-type matching circuit 116 is provided between the antenna element 111 and the transmission line 114. The π-type matching circuit 116 includes an inductor 117 connected in series with the antenna element 111, and input and output side variable capacitance elements 118 and 119 connected in parallel with the antenna element 111. Antenna element 111 includes a series resistor 112 and a series capacitor 113. Further, the transmission line 114 includes a load resistor 115.

上記π型整合回路１１６を用いて、４７０ＭＨｚから７７０ＭＨｚにおいて、図２に示す給電点インピーダンスを５０Ωに整合させると、必要となる入力容量と出力容量は図５に示すようになる。図５において、入力容量Ｃ１は、上記π型整合回路１１６における入力側可変容量素子１１８の入力容量であり、出力容量Ｃ２は、上記π型整合回路１１６における出力側可変容量素子１１９の出力容量である。図５から分かるように、入力容量Ｃ１及び出力容量Ｃ２の容量特性は大きく異なる。すなわち、上記π型整合回路１１６を用いて、４７０ＭＨｚから７７０ＭＨｚにおいて給電点インピーダンスを５０Ωに整合させると、容量特性が異なる２つの可変容量素子が必要となり、部品点数が多くなる。さらに、２つの可変容量素子を同期して可変する必要があるので、複雑な制御が必要になる。   When the feed point impedance shown in FIG. 2 is matched to 50Ω from 470 MHz to 770 MHz using the π-type matching circuit 116, the required input capacitance and output capacitance are as shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, an input capacitance C1 is an input capacitance of the input-side variable capacitance element 118 in the π-type matching circuit 116, and an output capacitance C2 is an output capacitance of the output-side variable capacitance element 119 in the π-type matching circuit 116. is there. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the capacitance characteristics of the input capacitor C1 and the output capacitor C2 are greatly different. That is, if the feeding point impedance is matched to 50Ω from 470 MHz to 770 MHz using the π-type matching circuit 116, two variable capacitance elements having different capacitance characteristics are required, and the number of parts increases. Furthermore, since it is necessary to change two variable capacitance elements synchronously, complicated control is required.

本発明者は上記の点に着目し、ほぼ同じ特性を有する可変容量素子を用いて、しかも可変容量素子の一つを調整することで、広帯域の信号に対してインピーダンス整合を行うことができるアンテナ整合回路を達成するに至った。   The present inventor pays attention to the above points and uses a variable capacitance element having substantially the same characteristics, and by adjusting one of the variable capacitance elements, an antenna that can perform impedance matching on a wideband signal A matching circuit has been achieved.

図６は、本発明の実施の形態１に係るアンテナ整合回路を含むアンテナ装置を示す図であり、図７は、図６に示すアンテナ整合回路の等価回路図である。図６に示すアンテナ装置は、アンテナ素子１と、伝送線路４と、アンテナ素子１と伝送線路４との間に設けられたアンテナ整合回路６とから主に構成されている。アンテナ素子１は、最低周波数信号の波長の１／４よりも短い高さを有することが好ましい。   6 is a diagram showing an antenna device including the antenna matching circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna matching circuit shown in FIG. The antenna device shown in FIG. 6 mainly includes an antenna element 1, a transmission line 4, and an antenna matching circuit 6 provided between the antenna element 1 and the transmission line 4. The antenna element 1 preferably has a height shorter than ¼ of the wavelength of the lowest frequency signal.

アンテナ整合回路６は、アンテナ素子１と直列に接続された第１可変容量素子７と、アンテナ素子１と並列に接続された第２可変容量素子８、アンテナ素子１と直列に接続された第１インダクタ９と、アンテナ素子１と並列に接続された第２インダクタ１０とを有する。アンテナ素子１は、直列抵抗２と直列容量素子３とを含む。また、伝送線路４は負荷抵抗５を含む。また、アンテナ素子１の直列容量素子３と第１可変容量素子７とが直列接続されており、直列容量素子３と第２可変容量素子８とが並列接続されている。言い換えると、アンテナ整合回路６においては、アンテナ素子１の直列容量素子３と第１可変容量素子７とが直列接続されており、第１インダクタ９と第２インダクタ１０とが直列接続されており、これらの両者が並列に接続されている。このように、本アンテナ整合回路にアンテナ素子が接続されることにより、広帯域同調アンテナを構成することができる。   The antenna matching circuit 6 includes a first variable capacitance element 7 connected in series with the antenna element 1, a second variable capacitance element 8 connected in parallel with the antenna element 1, and a first variable connected in series with the antenna element 1. An inductor 9 and a second inductor 10 connected in parallel with the antenna element 1 are included. The antenna element 1 includes a series resistor 2 and a series capacitive element 3. The transmission line 4 includes a load resistor 5. In addition, the series capacitive element 3 and the first variable capacitive element 7 of the antenna element 1 are connected in series, and the serial capacitive element 3 and the second variable capacitive element 8 are connected in parallel. In other words, in the antenna matching circuit 6, the series capacitive element 3 and the first variable capacitive element 7 of the antenna element 1 are connected in series, and the first inductor 9 and the second inductor 10 are connected in series. Both of these are connected in parallel. In this way, a broadband tuning antenna can be configured by connecting the antenna element to the antenna matching circuit.

第１可変容量素子７と第２可変容量素子とはほぼ同じ特性を有する。第１可変容量素子７は、図７に示すように、等価容量１１と等価損失抵抗１２で表され、第２可変容量素子８は、図７に示すように、等価容量１３と等価損失抵抗１４で表される。また、第１インダクタ９は、図７に示すように、等価インダクタンス１５と等価損失抵抗１６で表され、第２インダクタ１０は、図７に示すように、等価インダクタンス１７と等価損失抵抗１８で表される。   The first variable capacitance element 7 and the second variable capacitance element have substantially the same characteristics. As shown in FIG. 7, the first variable capacitance element 7 is represented by an equivalent capacitance 11 and an equivalent loss resistance 12, and the second variable capacitance element 8 is equivalent to an equivalent capacitance 13 and an equivalent loss resistance 14 as shown in FIG. It is represented by Further, the first inductor 9 is represented by an equivalent inductance 15 and an equivalent loss resistance 16 as shown in FIG. 7, and the second inductor 10 is represented by an equivalent inductance 17 and an equivalent loss resistance 18 as shown in FIG. Is done.

第１可変容量素子７は、周波数に拘らずアンテナ整合回路６のＱ値を略一定にすると共に、第２可変容量素子８による共振周波数の可変範囲を拡張する。第２可変容量素子８は、アンテナ整合回路６の共振周波数を可変する。第１インダクタ９は、容量性リアクタンスを打ち消すと共に、第２インダクタ１０とのタップダウン効果により伝送線路４の負荷抵抗５と整合をとる。   The first variable capacitance element 7 makes the Q value of the antenna matching circuit 6 substantially constant regardless of the frequency, and extends the variable range of the resonance frequency by the second variable capacitance element 8. The second variable capacitance element 8 varies the resonance frequency of the antenna matching circuit 6. The first inductor 9 cancels the capacitive reactance and matches the load resistance 5 of the transmission line 4 by a tap-down effect with the second inductor 10.

このような構成のアンテナ整合回路においては、第１可変容量素子７によりアンテナ整合回路６のＱ値を略一定に保ち、第１インダクタ９及び第２インダクタ１０により伝送線路４の負荷抵抗５と整合をとる。これにより、アンテナ素子１と伝送線路４との間のインピーダンス整合をとることができる。また、第２可変容量素子８を可変にすることにより、同調周波数を変えることができる。同調周波数を変えても、前述と同様にしてアンテナ素子１と伝送線路４との間のインピーダンス整合をとることができる。この構成においては、アンテナ素子１と同調素子である第２可変容量素子８との間に第１可変容量素子７が介在しているので、アンテナ素子との結合を疎結合にすることができる。これにより、負荷変動がアンテナ整合回路に影響を与えることを抑制することができる。その結果、第２可変容量素子の同調範囲を拡張させることができる。   In the antenna matching circuit having such a configuration, the Q value of the antenna matching circuit 6 is kept substantially constant by the first variable capacitance element 7 and is matched with the load resistance 5 of the transmission line 4 by the first inductor 9 and the second inductor 10. Take. Thereby, impedance matching between the antenna element 1 and the transmission line 4 can be achieved. Further, the tuning frequency can be changed by making the second variable capacitance element 8 variable. Even if the tuning frequency is changed, impedance matching between the antenna element 1 and the transmission line 4 can be achieved in the same manner as described above. In this configuration, since the first variable capacitance element 7 is interposed between the antenna element 1 and the second variable capacitance element 8 that is a tuning element, the coupling with the antenna element can be made loosely coupled. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the load fluctuation from affecting the antenna matching circuit. As a result, the tuning range of the second variable capacitance element can be expanded.

本発明に係るアンテナ整合回路は、アンテナ素子１及び第１可変容量素子７に対して第２可変容量素子８が並列に接続された構造を特徴としている。したがって、図６及び図７に示す構成は一例であり、アンテナ素子１及び第１可変容量素子７に対して第２可変容量素子８が並列に接続されていれば他の構造であっても良い。例えば、インダクタについては、調整のために設けているので、個数や接続状態に制限はない。具体的には、伝送回路の負荷抵抗により、インダクタは一つでも良く、二つ以上であっても良い。また、インダクタの接続状態についても、図８（ａ）に示すように、前記構造（アンテナ素子１、第１可変容量素子７及び第２可変容量素子８の構造）と第１インダクタ９とが並列に接続され、さらにそれと第２インダクタ１０とが直列に接続されても良く、図８（ｂ）に示すように、前記構造と第２インダクタ１０とが直列に接続され、さらにそれと第１インダクタ９とが並列に接続されても良い。なお、第１インダクタ９と第２インダクタ１０とは入れ替わっていても良い。   The antenna matching circuit according to the present invention is characterized by a structure in which a second variable capacitance element 8 is connected in parallel to the antenna element 1 and the first variable capacitance element 7. Therefore, the configurations shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are examples, and other structures may be used as long as the second variable capacitance element 8 is connected in parallel to the antenna element 1 and the first variable capacitance element 7. . For example, since the inductor is provided for adjustment, there is no limitation on the number or connection state. Specifically, the number of inductors may be one or two or more depending on the load resistance of the transmission circuit. As for the connection state of the inductor, as shown in FIG. 8A, the structure (the structure of the antenna element 1, the first variable capacitance element 7 and the second variable capacitance element 8) and the first inductor 9 are in parallel. And the second inductor 10 and the second inductor 10 may be connected in series. As shown in FIG. 8B, the structure and the second inductor 10 are connected in series, and further, the first inductor 9 and the second inductor 10 are connected. And may be connected in parallel. The first inductor 9 and the second inductor 10 may be interchanged.

図９は、図７に示す等価回路における等価容量１１，１３の電圧対容量特性を示す図である。図９から分かるように、電圧が増加するにしたがって容量が減少している。図１０は、図７に示す等価回路における等価損失抵抗１２，１４の電圧対抵抗特性を示す図である。また、図１０から分かるように、電圧が増加するにしたがって抵抗が減少している。図１１は、図６に示す回路における第１及び第２インダクタ９，１０のＱ値を１００とし、図９及び図１０の特性を有する可変容量素子を用いた場合の整合特性（ＳＷＲ(Standing Wave Ratio)）を示す図である。なお、アンテナ素子は、最低周波数信号の波長の１／４よりも短い高さを有するものとしている。図１１から分かるように、周波数が４７０ＭＨｚから７７０ＭＨｚにわたってＳＷＲが１．５以下であり、アンテナの整合状態が良好である。   FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the voltage-capacitance characteristics of the equivalent capacitors 11 and 13 in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 9, the capacity decreases as the voltage increases. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing voltage versus resistance characteristics of the equivalent loss resistors 12 and 14 in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 10, the resistance decreases as the voltage increases. FIG. 11 shows the matching characteristics (SWR (Standing Wave) when the Q values of the first and second inductors 9 and 10 in the circuit shown in FIG. 6 are set to 100 and a variable capacitance element having the characteristics shown in FIGS. Ratio)). The antenna element has a height shorter than 1/4 of the wavelength of the lowest frequency signal. As can be seen from FIG. 11, the SWR is 1.5 or less over the frequency range from 470 MHz to 770 MHz, and the antenna matching state is good.

このように、本実施の形態１に係るアンテナ整合回路は、薄型の電子機器に収納することができる小型アンテナを用いても、広い周波数範囲においてインピーダンス整合をとることができる。また、このアンテナ整合回路によれば、同種の可変容量素子を用いることができるので、部品種類を増加させることがない。   Thus, the antenna matching circuit according to the first embodiment can achieve impedance matching in a wide frequency range even when a small antenna that can be housed in a thin electronic device is used. Also, according to this antenna matching circuit, the same type of variable capacitance element can be used, so that the types of components are not increased.

本発明のアンテナ整合回路に用いる可変容量素子は、ほぼ同じ容量特性のものを用いることができるので、図１２（ａ）に示すような、端子ｂが共通で可変容量素子ａ，ｃで構成されたペア素子（ツインバラクタ）を使用することができる。このペア素子は、図１２（ｂ）に示すような一つの素子として製造することができる。このように一つの素子に２つの可変容量素子を形成することにより、アンテナ整合回路の小型化を図ることができると共に生産性を向上することができる。この場合、図１２（ｃ）に示すように、ウエハ上に複数形成することが可能である。このようにして製造することにより、特性のバラツキを抑えることが可能となる。   Since the variable capacitance elements used in the antenna matching circuit of the present invention can have substantially the same capacitance characteristics, the terminal b is shared by the variable capacitance elements a and c as shown in FIG. Paired elements (twin varactors) can be used. This pair element can be manufactured as one element as shown in FIG. Thus, by forming two variable capacitance elements in one element, the antenna matching circuit can be reduced in size and productivity can be improved. In this case, as shown in FIG. 12C, a plurality of films can be formed on the wafer. Manufacturing in this way makes it possible to suppress variations in characteristics.

（実施の形態２）
上記実施の形態１に係るアンテナ整合回路について、周波数毎の整合特性（ＳＷＲ）を調べた。その結果を図１３（ａ）〜（ｄ）に示す。図１３（ａ）は、周波数４７０ＭＨｚでの整合特性であり、図１３（ｂ）は、周波数５７０ＭＨｚでの整合特性であり、図１３（ｃ）は、周波数６７０ＭＨｚでの整合特性であり、図１３（ｄ）は、周波数７７０ＭＨｚでの整合特性である。図１３から分かるように、周波数が低域になるにしたがって整合できる帯域幅が狭くなっている。 (Embodiment 2)
For the antenna matching circuit according to the first embodiment, the matching characteristics (SWR) for each frequency were examined. The results are shown in FIGS. 13A shows the matching characteristics at a frequency of 470 MHz, FIG. 13B shows the matching characteristics at a frequency of 570 MHz, and FIG. 13C shows the matching characteristics at a frequency of 670 MHz. (D) is a matching characteristic at a frequency of 770 MHz. As can be seen from FIG. 13, the bandwidth that can be matched becomes narrower as the frequency becomes lower.

携帯電話でワンセグ地上デジタル放送を受信する際に使用するアンテナであれば、図１３に示す特性でも十分である。しかしながら、さらに高度なサービスを受けるためのアンテナの場合には、通過帯域幅を図１３に示す幅よりも広げる必要がある。また、通過帯域幅を広げる場合においては、テレビジョン周波数の上側で使用されている携帯電話の干渉を避けるために、高域周波数（具体的には７７０ＭＨｚ）での帯域幅が必要以上に広がらないようにすることが必要である。すなわち、必要な通過帯域幅を保ったまま、中心周波数だけを可変できるアンテナ整合回路が必要となる。そこで、本実施の形態においては、必要な通過帯域幅を保ったまま、中心周波数だけを可変できるアンテナ整合回路を提供する。   The characteristics shown in FIG. 13 are sufficient as long as the antenna is used when receiving one-segment digital terrestrial broadcasting with a cellular phone. However, in the case of an antenna for receiving a more advanced service, it is necessary to widen the passband width beyond the width shown in FIG. Further, when widening the pass bandwidth, the bandwidth at a high frequency (specifically, 770 MHz) does not increase more than necessary in order to avoid the interference of the mobile phone used above the television frequency. It is necessary to do so. That is, an antenna matching circuit that can vary only the center frequency while maintaining the necessary passband width is required. Therefore, in the present embodiment, an antenna matching circuit that can vary only the center frequency while maintaining a necessary passband width is provided.

図１４は、本発明の実施の形態２に係るアンテナ整合回路を含むアンテナ装置を示す図である。図１４に示すアンテナ整合回路は、アンテナ素子１と並列に接続された第１同調インダクタ２２、アンテナ素子１と直列に接続された可変容量素子２３及びアンテナ素子１と並列に接続された結合インダクタ２４で構成された閉回路である第１共振回路と、伝送線路４と直列に接続された可変容量素子２５及び第２同調インダクタ２８、並びに結合インダクタ２４で構成された閉回路である第２共振回路と、が結合インダクタ２４で疎結合されて構成されている。すなわち、このアンテナ整合回路は、第１共振回路と第２共振回路が結合インダクタ２４で疎結合された複同調回路である。このように、第１共振回路と第２共振回路とを疎結合した複同調回路を構成するので、共振周波数を広い範囲で可変にすることができ、通過帯域幅を広げることができる。なお、第１共振回路は、アンテナ素子１の直列抵抗２及び直列容量素子３と可変容量素子２１を通して結合されている。これにより、一定の通過帯域幅を有する広帯域同調アンテナを構成することができる。また、第２共振回路は、第２同調インダクタ２８及び負荷整合インダクタ２９の接続点に伝送線路４の負荷抵抗５が結合されている。   FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an antenna apparatus including an antenna matching circuit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The antenna matching circuit shown in FIG. 14 includes a first tuning inductor 22 connected in parallel with the antenna element 1, a variable capacitance element 23 connected in series with the antenna element 1, and a coupled inductor 24 connected in parallel with the antenna element 1. A first resonant circuit that is a closed circuit configured by the following: a second resonant circuit that is a closed circuit configured by the variable capacitance element 25 and the second tuning inductor 28 connected in series with the transmission line 4 and the coupling inductor 24 Are loosely coupled by a coupled inductor 24. That is, this antenna matching circuit is a double-tuned circuit in which the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit are loosely coupled by the coupling inductor 24. In this way, since a double-tuned circuit in which the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit are loosely coupled is configured, the resonance frequency can be varied over a wide range, and the passband width can be widened. The first resonance circuit is coupled through the series resistance 2 and series capacitance element 3 of the antenna element 1 and the variable capacitance element 21. As a result, a broadband tuning antenna having a constant pass bandwidth can be configured. In the second resonance circuit, the load resistance 5 of the transmission line 4 is coupled to the connection point of the second tuning inductor 28 and the load matching inductor 29.

図１４に示すアンテナ整合回路においては、第１共振回路の可変容量素子２３と第２共振回路の可変容量素子２５とが直列に接続されており、可変容量素子２３，２５と結合インダクタ２４とが並列に接続されている。可変容量素子２３，２５は、共振回路の共振周波数を可変すると同時にアンテナ素子１と第１共振回路と第２共振回路とを結合する機能も有しており、低域周波数では結合を増やして通過帯域幅を確保し、高域周波数では結合を小さくして選択度特性を確保する。その結果、通過周波数が高域周波数であるときに帯域が広がることを防止することができる。   In the antenna matching circuit shown in FIG. 14, the variable capacitance element 23 of the first resonance circuit and the variable capacitance element 25 of the second resonance circuit are connected in series, and the variable capacitance elements 23 and 25 and the coupled inductor 24 are connected. Connected in parallel. The variable capacitance elements 23 and 25 also have a function of coupling the antenna element 1, the first resonance circuit, and the second resonance circuit at the same time as changing the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit. Bandwidth is ensured and coupling characteristics are reduced at high frequencies to ensure selectivity characteristics. As a result, it is possible to prevent the band from expanding when the passing frequency is a high frequency.

第２共振回路においては、可変容量素子２５と固定容量素子２６とが並列に接続され、可変容量素子２５と固定容量素子２７とが直列に接続されている。このような構成にすることにより、固定容量素子２６，２７が、可変容量素子２５による共振周波数変化に制限を加えることができる。この固定容量素子２６，２７は、第１共振回路の共振周波数変化とトラッキングをとるように設定される。このため、可変容量素子２５の容量が小さくなっても固定容量素子２６で律速されて容量がある値以下になることを防止し、可変容量素子２５の容量が大きくなっても固定容量素子２７で律速されて容量がある値以上になることを防止する。これにより、略一定の通過帯域幅を維持しつつ広帯域に同調周波数を可変できる広帯域同調アンテナを実現することができる。なお、可変容量素子２１，２３，２５が異なる特性を持ち、トラッキング可能な容量特性を有するのであれば、固定容量素子２６，２７を設けなくても良い。   In the second resonance circuit, the variable capacitance element 25 and the fixed capacitance element 26 are connected in parallel, and the variable capacitance element 25 and the fixed capacitance element 27 are connected in series. With such a configuration, the fixed capacitance elements 26 and 27 can limit the change in the resonance frequency by the variable capacitance element 25. The fixed capacitance elements 26 and 27 are set so as to track and change the resonance frequency of the first resonance circuit. For this reason, even if the capacitance of the variable capacitance element 25 is reduced, the fixed capacitance element 26 is rate-determined to prevent the capacitance from being lower than a certain value. It is controlled to prevent the capacity from exceeding a certain value. As a result, it is possible to realize a wideband tuning antenna that can vary the tuning frequency over a wide band while maintaining a substantially constant passband width. If the variable capacitance elements 21, 23, and 25 have different characteristics and have tracking-capacitance characteristics, the fixed capacitance elements 26 and 27 may not be provided.

また、第２共振回路において伝送線路４と並列に接続された負荷整合インダクタ２９は、アンテナ素子１の直列容量素子３と伝送線路４の負荷抵抗５との間の整合のために設けているので、直列容量素子３と負荷抵抗５との間のインピーダンス差が小さいときには設けなくても良い。また、本実施の形態においては、第１共振回路と第２共振回路とを疎結合する結合素子として結合インダクタ２４を用いているが、本発明においては、結合素子が結合容量素子であっても良い。   Further, the load matching inductor 29 connected in parallel with the transmission line 4 in the second resonance circuit is provided for matching between the series capacitive element 3 of the antenna element 1 and the load resistor 5 of the transmission line 4. When the impedance difference between the series capacitive element 3 and the load resistor 5 is small, it may not be provided. In the present embodiment, the coupling inductor 24 is used as a coupling element for loosely coupling the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit. However, in the present invention, even if the coupling element is a coupling capacitor element. good.

本実施の形態に係るアンテナ整合回路について、周波数毎の整合特性（ＳＷＲ）を調べた。その結果を図１５（ａ）〜（ｄ）に示す。図１５（ａ）は、周波数４７０ＭＨｚでの整合特性であり、図１５（ｂ）は、周波数５７０ＭＨｚでの整合特性であり、図１５（ｃ）は、周波数６７０ＭＨｚでの整合特性であり、図１５（ｄ）は、周波数７７０ＭＨｚでの整合特性である。図１５から分かるように、本実施の形態に係るアンテナ整合回路は、必要な通過帯域幅を保ったまま、中心周波数だけを可変できるものである。   The antenna matching circuit according to the present embodiment was examined for matching characteristics (SWR) for each frequency. The results are shown in FIGS. 15A shows the matching characteristics at a frequency of 470 MHz, FIG. 15B shows the matching characteristics at a frequency of 570 MHz, and FIG. 15C shows the matching characteristics at a frequency of 670 MHz. (D) is a matching characteristic at a frequency of 770 MHz. As can be seen from FIG. 15, the antenna matching circuit according to the present embodiment can vary only the center frequency while maintaining the necessary passband width.

本発明は上記実施の形態１，２に限定されず、種々変更して実施することが可能である。例えば、上記実施の形態１，２において説明した構成は、これらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲を逸脱しない限りにおいて適宜変更することが可能である。   The present invention is not limited to Embodiments 1 and 2 above, and can be implemented with various modifications. For example, the configurations described in the first and second embodiments are not limited to these, and can be changed as appropriate without departing from the scope of the present invention.

小型アンテナを示す図である。It is a figure which shows a small antenna. 図１の小型アンテナの給電点インピーダンスを示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the feeding point impedance of the small antenna of FIG. 図２の反射特性図である。FIG. 3 is a reflection characteristic diagram of FIG. 2. π型整合回路を示す図である。It is a figure which shows a pi-type matching circuit. 図４に示すπ型整合回路の可変容量を示す特性図である。FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing a variable capacitance of the π-type matching circuit shown in FIG. 4. 本発明の実施の形態１に係るアンテナ整合回路を含むアンテナ装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the antenna apparatus containing the antenna matching circuit which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 図６に示すアンテナ整合回路の等価回路図である。FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna matching circuit shown in FIG. 6. （ａ），（ｂ）は、本発明の実施の形態１に係るアンテナ整合回路を含むアンテナ装置における接続バリエーションを示す図である。(A), (b) is a figure which shows the connection variation in the antenna apparatus containing the antenna matching circuit which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 図７に示す等価回路における等価容量の電圧対容量特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the voltage-capacitance characteristic of the equivalent capacity | capacitance in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 図７に示す等価回路における等価損失抵抗の電圧対抵抗特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the voltage versus resistance characteristic of the equivalent loss resistance in the equivalent circuit shown in FIG. 図６に示す回路における第１及び第２インダクタのＱ値を１００とし、図９及び図１０の特性を有する可変容量素子を用いた場合の整合特性を示す図である。FIG. 11 is a diagram showing matching characteristics when the Q values of the first and second inductors in the circuit shown in FIG. 6 are set to 100 and a variable capacitance element having the characteristics of FIGS. （ａ）〜（ｃ）は、ペア素子構成の可変容量素子を示す図である。(A)-(c) is a figure which shows the variable capacitance element of a pair element structure. （ａ）〜（ｄ）は、本発明の実施の形態１に係るアンテナ整合回路を用いた際のＳＷＲの周波数特性を示す図である。(A)-(d) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of SWR at the time of using the antenna matching circuit which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態２に係るアンテナ整合回路を含むアンテナ装置を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the antenna apparatus containing the antenna matching circuit which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. （ａ）〜（ｄ）は、本発明の実施の形態２に係るアンテナ整合回路を用いた際のＳＷＲの周波数特性を示す図である。(A)-(d) is a figure which shows the frequency characteristic of SWR at the time of using the antenna matching circuit which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ アンテナ素子
２ 直列抵抗
３ 直列容量素子
４ 伝送線路
５ 負荷抵抗
６ アンテナ整合回路
７ 第１可変容量素子
８ 第２可変容量素子
９ 第１インダクタ
１０， 第２インダクタ
１１，１３ 等価容量
１２，１４ 等価損失抵抗
１５，１７ 等価インダクタンス
１６，１８ 等価損失抵抗
２１，２３，２５ 可変容量素子
２２ 第１同調インダクタ
２４ 結合インダクタ
２６，２７ 固定容量素子
２８ 第２同調インダクタ
２９ 負荷整合インダクタ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Antenna element 2 Series resistance 3 Series capacity element 4 Transmission line 5 Load resistance 6 Antenna matching circuit 7 1st variable capacity element 8 2nd variable capacity element 9 1st inductor 10, 2nd inductor 11,13 Equivalent capacity 12,14 Equivalent Loss resistance 15, 17 Equivalent inductance 16, 18 Equivalent loss resistance 21, 23, 25 Variable capacitance element 22 First tuning inductor 24 Coupling inductor 26, 27 Fixed capacitance element 28 Second tuning inductor 29 Load matching inductor

Claims (9)

アンテナ素子と伝送線路との間に介在させたアンテナ整合回路であって、前記アンテナ整合回路は、前記アンテナ素子と直列に接続された第１可変容量素子と、前記アンテナ素子及び前記第１可変容量素子に対して並列に接続された第２可変容量素子と、前記アンテナ素子、前記第１可変容量素子及び前記第２可変容量素子に対して直列又は並列に接続されたインダクタと、を具備することを特徴とするアンテナ整合回路。   An antenna matching circuit interposed between an antenna element and a transmission line, wherein the antenna matching circuit includes a first variable capacitance element connected in series with the antenna element, the antenna element, and the first variable capacitance. A second variable capacitance element connected in parallel to the element; and an inductor connected in series or in parallel to the antenna element, the first variable capacitance element, and the second variable capacitance element. An antenna matching circuit. 前記インダクタは、前記アンテナ素子、前記第１可変容量素子及び前記第２可変容量素子に対して直列に接続された第１インダクタと、前記アンテナ素子、前記第１可変容量素子及び前記第２可変容量素子に対して並列に接続された第２インダクタとで構成されることを特徴とする請求項１記載のアンテナ整合回路。   The inductor includes a first inductor connected in series to the antenna element, the first variable capacitance element, and the second variable capacitance element, the antenna element, the first variable capacitance element, and the second variable capacitance. The antenna matching circuit according to claim 1, comprising a second inductor connected in parallel to the element. 前記第１及び第２可変容量素子がほぼ同じ特性を有することを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２記載のアンテナ整合回路。   3. The antenna matching circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first and second variable capacitance elements have substantially the same characteristics. 前記アンテナ素子はアンテナ給電点において等価である直列容量素子を含み、前記直列容量素子と前記第１可変容量素子とが直列接続されており、前記直列容量素子と前記第２可変容量素子とが並列接続されていることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３のいずれかに記載のアンテナ整合回路。   The antenna element includes a series capacitive element that is equivalent at an antenna feeding point, the serial capacitive element and the first variable capacitive element are connected in series, and the serial capacitive element and the second variable capacitive element are connected in parallel. The antenna matching circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the antenna matching circuit is connected. 前記第１及び第２可変容量素子は、一つの素子に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４のいずれかに記載のアンテナ整合回路。   The antenna matching circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first and second variable capacitance elements are formed as one element. アンテナ素子と伝送線路との間に介在させたアンテナ整合回路であって、前記アンテナ整合回路は、前記アンテナ素子と並列に接続された第１同調インダクタ、前記アンテナ素子と直列に接続された第１可変容量素子及び前記アンテナ素子と並列に接続された結合素子で構成された第１共振回路と、前記伝送線路と直列に接続された第２可変容量素子及び第２同調インダクタ、並びに前記伝送線路と並列に接続された前記結合素子で構成された第２共振回路と、が前記結合素子で疎結合されてなることを特徴とするアンテナ整合回路。   An antenna matching circuit interposed between an antenna element and a transmission line, wherein the antenna matching circuit includes a first tuning inductor connected in parallel with the antenna element, and a first connected in series with the antenna element. A first resonant circuit composed of a variable capacitance element and a coupling element connected in parallel with the antenna element; a second variable capacitance element and a second tuning inductor connected in series with the transmission line; and the transmission line; An antenna matching circuit comprising: a second resonance circuit configured by the coupling elements connected in parallel and loosely coupled by the coupling elements. 前記第２可変容量素子と並列に接続された第１固定容量素子と、前記第２可変容量素子と直列に接続された第２固定容量素子とを有することを特徴とする請求項６記載のアンテナ整合回路。   7. The antenna according to claim 6, further comprising: a first fixed capacitor element connected in parallel with the second variable capacitor element; and a second fixed capacitor element connected in series with the second variable capacitor element. Matching circuit. 前記第２共振回路において、前記伝送線路と並列に接続された負荷整合インダクタを有することを特徴とする請求項６又は請求項７記載のアンテナ整合回路。   8. The antenna matching circuit according to claim 6, further comprising a load matching inductor connected in parallel with the transmission line in the second resonance circuit. 前記アンテナ素子は、最低周波数信号の波長の１／４よりも短い高さを有する先端開放型のアンテナ素子であることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項８のいずれかに記載のアンテナ整合回路。   The antenna matching circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the antenna element is an open-ended antenna element having a height shorter than ¼ of a wavelength of the lowest frequency signal. .
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