JP2007136472A - Method and apparatus for upsetting - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an upsetting method with which the forming pressure can be reduced. <P>SOLUTION: The upsetting method comprises: a process, with which a diameter expanding scheduled part 2 of a blank 1 is received with a receiving part 13 of a receiving die 11 and also, this diameter expanding scheduled part 2 of the blank 1 is arranged into an inserting hole 23 in a guide 20, by using the receiving die 11 and the guide 20 arranging the inserting hole 23 for inserting and holding so as to be a buckling preventive state to the diameter expanding scheduled part 2 of the blank 1 and slidingly shiftable in the axial direction by passing through from the base end part to the tip end part; and a process, with which the diameter expanding scheduled part 2 of the blank 1 exposed between the tip end surface 21a of the guide 21 and the receiving part 13 of the receiving die 11 is expanded to the diameter by shifting the guide 20 in a reverse direction to the pressing direction of the diameter expanding scheduled part 2 of the blank 1 while pressing the diameter expanding scheduled part 2 of the blank 1 with a pressing means 30, after the process for arranging the diameter expanding scheduled part 2 of the blank 1. In the diameter expanding process, the portion 2a corresponding to the tip end part 21 of the guide 20 in the diameter expanding scheduled part 2 of the blank 1 is performed under state of locally heating with a heating means 40. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an upsetting method and an upsetting apparatus used when manufacturing products such as arms and pistons for vehicles (automobiles, railway vehicles, etc.).

  Generally, in upsetting, if a rod-shaped material buckles during processing, the upsetting product has a defective shape, and the value as a product is impaired. Therefore, in order to prevent buckling, conventionally, the following upsetting method has been proposed.

That is, the diameter-expanded portion of the rod-shaped material is received by the receiving portion of the die, and the material-expanded portion of the material is inserted and arranged so as to be slidable in the axial direction in an insertion hole provided in a penetrating manner in the guide. The diameter-expanded portion is held in a buckling-prevented state. Next, while pressing the diameter-expanded portion of the material in the axial direction by the punch of the pressurizing means, the guide is moved in the direction opposite to the pressure direction of the diameter-expanded portion of the material, thereby receiving the front end surface of the guide This is a method of expanding the diameter expansion planned portion of the material exposed between the receiving portion of the die (see, for example, Patent Documents 1-4). This upsetting method has the advantage of preventing buckling of the diameter-expanded portion of the material.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-253782 JP 7-506768 gazette JP-A-2005-59097 JP 2005-144554 A

  Thus, the conventional upsetting method has the following drawbacks.

  That is, in the upsetting process, when the planned diameter expansion portion of the material slides in the insertion hole of the guide during processing, a frictional resistance is generated between the planned diameter expansion portion of the material and the peripheral surface of the insertion hole. This frictional resistance increases as the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material disposed in the insertion hole increases. In order to overcome this frictional resistance, in the upsetting process described above, it is necessary to pressurize the diameter expansion planned portion with a punch with a molding pressure larger than the frictional resistance. However, when pressurization is performed with such a large molding pressure, the end portion to be pressed by the punch in the diameter expansion planned portion of the material often receives a molding pressure from the punch and is crushed in the insertion hole. As a result, a part of the material of the diameter expansion planned portion of the material enters the gap between the punch and the insertion hole, and as a result, the molding pressure increases, and as a result, the punch moves in the pressurizing direction in the insertion hole. There was a problem that it could not be moved and could not be processed.

  Further, even when a pressure means other than a punch is used, if pressure is applied with a large molding pressure, the material bulges radially outward in the insertion hole of the guide, and the molding pressure increases further. Therefore, a driving source for the pressurizing means that can generate a very large molding pressure is required. As a result, the drive source is increased in size, the installation space for the upsetting apparatus is increased, and further, the purchase cost of the upsetting apparatus is high.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to be used for an upsetting method capable of reducing a molding pressure, an upsetting product obtained by the processing method, and the processing method. It is to provide an upsetting apparatus.

  The present invention provides the following means.

[1] A receiving die having a receiving part, an insertion hole for inserting and holding the diameter-expanded part of the material in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction, and from one end opening of the insertion hole on the tip surface And a provided guide provided with a material outlet portion,
Receiving the planned diameter expansion part of the material at the receiving part of the die, and arranging the planned diameter expansion part of the material in the insertion hole of the guide;
The guide is moved in the direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the planned diameter expansion portion of the material, while pressing the planned diameter expansion portion of the material in the axial direction by the pressurizing means after the arrangement step of the planned diameter expansion portion of the material. The step of expanding the diameter expansion planned portion of the material exposed between the front end surface of the guide and the receiving portion of the receiving die,
An upsetting method including:
In the diameter expansion step, the upsetting method is characterized in that the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which a portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is locally heated by the heating means.

[2] The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
The upsetting according to the preceding item 1, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where the portion corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is induction-heated by the induction heating coil disposed at the tip end portion of the guide. Processing method.

[3] The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
In the diameter expansion step, the induction heating coil disposed at the tip of the guide is induction-heated to heat the portion corresponding to the tip of the guide in the planned diameter expansion portion of the material. The upsetting method according to item 1, wherein the diameter is expanded.

  [4] The upsetting method according to the above item 2 or 3, wherein the tip of the guide where the induction heating coil is disposed is connected to the main body of the guide via a heat insulating layer.

  [5] In the diameter expansion step, the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which a portion corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is heated to a semi-molten state. Machining method.

  [6] Any one of items 1 to 5 described above, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where the peripheral surface of the insertion hole in the portion proximal to the distal end portion of the guide is cooled by the first cooling means. The upsetting method described.

[7] A molded part having a cavity for molding the planned diameter-expanded part of the material into a design shape is extended from the receiving part of the receiving die,
In the arrangement step of the material expansion planned portion, the material expansion planned portion is received by the receiving portion of the die, and the material expansion planned portion is disposed in the insertion hole of the guide, and further in the cavity of the receiving die Place the tip of the guide in
7. The diameter expansion process according to any one of the preceding items 1 to 6, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter expansion planned portion of the material exposed between the front end surface of the guide and the receiving portion of the receiving die is expanded in the cavity of the receiving die. Upsetting method.

  [8] The upsetting method as recited in the aforementioned Item 7, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where the molding surface of the cavity of the receiving die is cooled by the second cooling means.

  [9] An upsetting product obtained by the upsetting method described in any one of 1 to 8 above.

[10] A receiving die in which both receiving portions are provided at both axial ends, and a holding hole for holding a non-expanded diameter portion of the material in a buckling-preventing state is provided in communication with both receiving portions; The non-expanded portion has an insertion hole for inserting and holding the expanded diameter portion on both sides in the axial direction in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction, and from one end opening of the inserted hole on the distal end surface Using two guides provided with a material outlet part,
By arranging the non-expanded portion of the material in the holding hole of the receiving die, each expanded diameter portion of the material is received by the corresponding receiving portion of the die, and the both expanded diameter portions of the material are inserted through the guides respectively. Placing in the hole;
After the arrangement step of the material diameter expansion planned portion, while pressing both diameter expansion planned portions of the material in the axial direction by the pressurizing means, each guide is a pressing direction of the corresponding diameter expansion planned portion of the material. A step of simultaneously expanding each of the diameter-expanded portions of the exposed material between the tip surface of each guide and the corresponding receiving portion of the receiving die by moving in the opposite direction;
An upsetting method including:
In the diameter expansion step, the upsetting method is characterized in that the diameter expansion is performed in a state where a portion corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is locally heated by the heating means.

[11] The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
11. In the diameter expansion step, the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which a portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is induction-heated by an induction heating coil disposed at the distal end portion of each guide. Upsetting method.

[12] The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
In the diameter expansion step, the portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in each planned diameter expansion portion of the material is heated by induction heating the distal end portion of the guide by an induction heating coil disposed at the distal end portion of each guide. 11. The upsetting method according to item 10, wherein the diameter is expanded in a state.

  [13] The upsetting method according to the above item 11 or 12, wherein a tip portion of each guide where the induction heating coil is disposed is connected to a main body of the guide via a heat insulating layer.

  [14] The diameter expansion step according to any one of the above items 10 to 13, wherein the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which a portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is heated to a semi-molten state. Upsetting method.

  [15] Any one of the preceding items 10 to 14, wherein, in the diameter expansion step, diameter expansion is performed in a state where the peripheral surface of the insertion hole in the portion closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion of each guide is cooled by the first cooling means. The upsetting method described in the paragraph.

[16] A molded part having a cavity for molding the planned diameter-expanded part of the material into a design shape is extended from each receiving part of the receiving die,
In the arrangement step of the material expansion planned portion, the non-expansion planned portion of the material is arranged in the holding hole of the receiving die to receive each diameter expansion planned portion of the material at the corresponding receiving portion of the die, and the material. Both of the diameter expansion planned portions are arranged in the insertion holes of the guide, respectively, and further, the tip portions of the guides are arranged in both cavities of the receiving die,
In the diameter expansion step, the diameter expansion planned portions of the material exposed between the front end surface of each guide and the corresponding receiving portion of the receiving die are simultaneously expanded in the corresponding cavities of the receiving die, respectively. The upsetting method according to claim 15.

  [17] The upsetting method as recited in the aforementioned Item 16, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where the molding surface of each cavity of the receiving die is cooled by the second cooling means.

  [18] An upsetting product obtained by the upsetting method according to any one of items 10 to 17.

[19] a receiving die having a receiving portion for receiving a diameter expansion planned portion of the material;
A guide provided with a material outlet portion including an opening at one end of the insertion hole on the tip surface, and having an insertion hole for inserting and holding the planned diameter expansion portion of the material in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction;
A pressurizing means for pressurizing the diameter-expanded portion of the material disposed in the insertion hole of the guide in the axial direction;
Guide driving means for moving the guide in a direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the diameter expansion planned portion of the material,
With
An upsetting apparatus configured to expand a diameter-expanded portion of a material exposed between a front end surface of a guide and a receiving portion of a receiving die,
Furthermore, the upsetting apparatus characterized by including the heating means which heats locally the site | part corresponding to the front-end | tip part of the guide in the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material.

[20] The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
20. The upsetting apparatus according to item 19, wherein the induction heating coil disposed at the tip of the guide is configured to induce and heat a portion corresponding to the tip of the guide in the diameter expansion planned portion of the material.

[21] The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
19. The previous item 19 configured to heat a portion corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in the diameter-expanded portion of the material by induction heating the tip end portion of the guide by an induction heating coil disposed at the tip end portion of the guide. Upsetting machine.

  [22] The upsetting apparatus according to the above item 20 or 21, wherein a tip portion of the guide where the induction heating coil is disposed is connected to the main body of the guide via a heat insulating layer.

  [23] The upsetting apparatus according to any one of items 19 to 22, wherein the heating unit is capable of heating a portion corresponding to the tip of the guide in the planned diameter expansion portion of the material into a semi-molten state.

  [24] The upsetting apparatus according to any one of items 19 to 23, further including first cooling means for cooling a peripheral surface of the insertion hole in a portion closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion of the guide.

[25] A molding part having a cavity for molding the planned diameter expansion part of the material into a design shape is extended from the receiving part of the receiving die,
25. Any one of the preceding items 19 to 24, which is configured to expand the diameter-expanded portion of the material exposed between the front end surface of the guide and the receiving portion of the receiving die in the cavity of the receiving die. Upsetting machine.

  [26] The upsetting apparatus as recited in the aforementioned Item 25, further comprising second cooling means for cooling the molding surface of the cavity of the receiving die.

[27] A receiving die provided with receiving portions at both ends in the axial direction, and a holding hole for holding the non-expanded portion of the material in a buckling-preventing state in communication with both receiving portions;
It has an insertion hole for inserting and holding the diameter-expanded portions on both sides in the axial direction in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction with respect to the non-expanded planned portion of the material. Two guides provided with a material outlet part comprising parts,
Two pressurizing means for pressurizing each diameter-expanded portion of the material disposed in the insertion hole of each guide in the axial direction;
Two guide driving means for moving each guide in a direction opposite to the pressing direction of the corresponding diameter-expanded portion of the material;
With
An upsetting apparatus configured to simultaneously expand each diameter expansion planned portion of the material exposed between the front end surface of each guide and the corresponding receiving portion of the receiving die,
Furthermore, the upsetting apparatus characterized by including two heating means for locally heating a portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in each diameter expansion planned portion of the material.

[28] Each heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
28. The upsetting apparatus according to item 27, wherein the part corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in each of the diameter-expanded portions of the material is induction-heated by an induction heating coil disposed at the distal end portion of each guide.

[29] Each heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
The induction heating coil disposed at the tip of each guide is induction-heated by the induction heating coil to heat a portion corresponding to the tip of the guide in each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material. 28. The upsetting apparatus according to 27 above.

  [30] The upsetting apparatus according to the above item 28 or 29, wherein a tip portion of each guide on which the induction heating coil is disposed is connected to a main body of the guide via a heat insulating layer.

  [31] The upsetting apparatus according to any one of [27] to [30], wherein each heating unit is capable of heating a portion corresponding to the tip of the guide in the planned diameter expansion portion of the material into a semi-molten state.

  [32] The upsetting apparatus according to any one of items 27 to 31, further including a first cooling unit that cools a peripheral surface of the insertion hole in a portion closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion of each guide.

[33] A molding part having a cavity for molding the planned diameter expansion part of the material into a design shape is extended from each receiving part of the receiving die,
The above-described items 27 to 27 are configured so that the diameter-expanded portions of the material exposed between the front end surface of each guide and the corresponding receiving portion of the receiving die are simultaneously expanded in the corresponding cavities of the receiving die, respectively. 33. The upsetting apparatus according to any one of 32.

  [34] The upsetting apparatus as recited in the aforementioned Item 33, further comprising second cooling means for cooling the molding surface of each cavity of the receiving die.

  According to the invention of [1], the upsetting method includes a step of receiving a diameter-expanded portion of the material by the receiving portion of the die and disposing the diameter-expanded portion of the material in the insertion hole of the guide, By moving the guide in the direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the planned diameter-expanded portion of the material while pressing the planned diameter-expanded portion of the material in the axial direction by the pressurizing means after the step of arranging the planned diameter-expanded portion. The step of expanding the diameter-expanded portion of the material exposed between the tip surface of the guide and the receiving portion of the receiving die is included, so that buckling of the diameter-expanded portion of the material can be prevented.

  Further, in the diameter expansion step, the portion corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in the material diameter expansion planned portion is locally heated by the heating means, thereby corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in the material diameter expansion planned portion. Since the deformation resistance is locally reduced only for the portion, the molding pressure can be reduced.

  On the other hand, the deformation resistance does not decrease because the portion of the material to be enlarged in diameter is not heated at the base end side of the guide distal end portion. Therefore, it is possible to prevent an increase in molding pressure caused by the raw material bulging outward in the radial direction in the insertion hole of the guide. For example, it is possible to prevent an increase in molding pressure caused by entering the gap between the punch) and the insertion hole.

  According to the invention [2], it is possible to reliably and extremely efficiently heat the portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material.

  According to the invention of [3], it is possible to reliably and efficiently heat the portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in the planned diameter expansion portion of the material.

  According to the invention of [4], the heat at the tip of the guide can be suppressed by the heat insulating layer from being conducted to the main body of the guide. For this reason, it is possible to reliably suppress the heating of the portion closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material.

  According to the invention of [5], the molding pressure can be greatly reduced.

  According to the invention of [6], it is possible to surely suppress the heating of the portion closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material.

  [7] According to the invention of [7], the above-described effects can be achieved with respect to the upsetting method for expanding the diameter-expanded portion of the material within the cavity, that is, the restraining upsetting method.

  Furthermore, by heating the portion corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion planned portion of the material, plastic flow in the cavity of the material of the diameter expansion planned portion is promoted. As a result, even when the shape of the cavity is complicated, the material of the portion to be expanded can be sequentially filled into the cavity with a low molding pressure, and the expanded portion without a lack of thickness can be formed. it can.

  According to the invention of [8], it is possible to suppress the crystal growth of the planned diameter expansion portion of the material in the cavity of the receiving die during the diameter expansion.

  [9] According to the invention of [9], the above-described effects are produced when the upsetting product is manufactured.

  According to the invention [10], the same effect as the above [1] is obtained. Furthermore, it is possible to efficiently manufacture an upsetting product having enlarged diameter portions formed on both sides in the axial direction.

  According to the invention of [11], the same effect as in the above [2] is obtained.

  According to the invention of [12], the same effect as in the above [3] is obtained.

  According to the invention of [13], the same effect as in the above [4] is obtained.

  According to the invention of [14], the same effect as in the above [5] is obtained.

  According to the invention of [15], the same effect as in the above [6] is obtained.

  According to the invention of [16], the same effect as in the above [7] is obtained.

  According to the invention of [17], the same effect as in the above [8] is obtained.

  [18] According to the invention of [18], the above-described effects are exhibited when manufacturing an upsetting product having enlarged diameter portions formed on both side portions in the axial direction.

  According to the inventions [19] to [26], an upsetting apparatus suitably used in the upsetting method according to any one of [1] to [8] can be provided.

  According to the inventions [27] to [34], an upsetting apparatus suitably used in the upsetting method according to any one of [10] to [17] can be provided.

  Several preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.

  1 to 5 are diagrams for explaining an upsetting apparatus (10A) and an upsetting method according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, (1) is a rod-shaped material.

  In FIG. 6, (5A) is an upset product obtained by the upsetting method using the upsetting apparatus (10A) of the first embodiment. In this upsetting product (5A), a substantially spindle-shaped (or substantially oval-spherical) diameter-expanded portion (6) is integrally formed on both axial sides of the rod-shaped shaft portion (7). The shaft (7) is straight. Each of the enlarged diameter portions (6) is formed so that the thickness increases uniformly in the circumferential direction.

  This upsetting product (5A) is used as a preform for manufacturing a predetermined product. Therefore, in the present invention, the upsetting apparatus (10A) can be regarded as a preform manufacturing apparatus, and the upsetting method can also be regarded as a preform manufacturing method.

  In the present embodiment, the upsetting product (5A) is used as a preform for manufacturing a vehicle arm such as an automobile or a railway vehicle. And each diameter-expansion part (6) of this upsetting product (5A) is a site | part processed by post-processing as a connection part (bush mounting part, yoke part, etc.) connected with another member. In the present invention, this upset product (5A) is used as a preform for manufacturing a double-headed piston to be mounted on a compressor, for example, in addition to being a preform for manufacturing a vehicle arm. May be used.

  The material (1) is in the form of a rod as shown in FIG. 3, and more specifically, it is a straight solid round bar. The material (1) is made of a metal material. More specifically, the material (1) is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy material. The cross-sectional shape of the material (1) is circular, and the diameter of the material (1) is set constant in the axial direction.

  The intermediate portion in the axial direction of the material (1) is a non-expanded portion (3). Moreover, the site | part of an axial direction both sides with respect to the non-diameter expansion plan part (3) of a raw material (1), ie, the axial direction both sides part of a raw material (1), is a diameter expansion plan part (2), respectively. And the non-diameter expansion plan part (3) of the raw material (1) corresponds to the shaft part (7) of the upsetting product (5A).

  In the present invention, the material of the material (1) is not limited to aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and may be, for example, brass, copper (including its alloy), steel, or the like. It may be plastic. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the material (1) is not limited to a circular shape, and may be, for example, a polygonal shape such as a square shape or a hexagonal shape. Moreover, the raw material (1) may be made of, for example, an extruded material, may be made of a continuously cast rolled material manufactured by a Properti method or the like, or may be manufactured by other methods. It may be a thing.

  The length of the material (1) is, for example, 50 to 1000 mm, and the diameter is, for example, 10 to 30 mm (more specifically, 16 mm or the like). Further, in the upsetting product (5A), for example, the maximum diameter of each of the enlarged diameter portions (6) is 30 to 100 mm (specifically, 50 mm, etc.), the length of the enlarged diameter portion (6) is 10 to 100 mm, and the shaft The length of the part (7) is 20 to 300 mm (more specifically, 160 mm or the like). However, in the present invention, the dimensions of the material (1) and the dimensions of each part of the upsetting product (5A) are not limited to the above dimensions. For example, the size of the material (1) and the size of each part of the upsetting product (5A) can be set so that the object of the present invention can be achieved in accordance with the production of a desired product such as a vehicle arm.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the upsetting apparatus (10A) includes a receiving die (11), two guides (20) and (20), two heating means (40) and (40), and two pieces. Pressurizing means (30) (30) and two guide driving means (27) (27).

  The receiving die (11) is provided with receiving portions (13) on both sides in the axial direction. Each receiving part (13) receives the diameter expansion planned part (2) of the material (1). More specifically, the diameter expansion is performed when each diameter expansion planned part (2) of the material (1) is expanded. The material of the planned part (2) is received.

  Further, the receiving die (11) is provided with a holding hole (12) extending in the axial direction so as to communicate both receiving portions (13) and (13). Therefore, each receiving portion (13) is formed with an end opening of the holding hole (12). This holding hole (12) inserts and holds the non-expanded portion (3) of the material (1) in a buckling-preventing state and in an axial movement-preventing state. The holding hole (12) can also be regarded as a material attachment hole for attaching the material (1) to the receiving portion (13). The cross-sectional shape of the holding hole (12) is a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the non-diameter planned portion (3) of the material (1), that is, a circular shape. The diameter of the holding hole (12) is set to be approximately the same as the diameter of the non-expanded portion (3) of the material (1).

  Further, the receiving die (11) is divided into a plurality (for example, two) of dividing surfaces (not shown) that vertically cut the holding holes (12). Then, the non-expanded portion (3) of the material (1) is arranged between the holding holes (12) in the plurality of divided pieces of the receiving die (11), and then the plurality of divided pieces are mutually connected. By combining and integrating, the non-expanded portion (3) of the material (1) is slightly tightly arranged in the holding hole (12). Thereby, each diameter expansion plan part (2) of the raw material (1) is received by the corresponding receiving part (13) of the receiving die (11), and the non-diameter planned part (3) of the material (1) is held. It is constrained and held in the buckling prevention state and the axial movement prevention state in the hole (12).

  The two guides (20) and (20) have the same configuration. As shown in FIG. 2, each guide (20) has an insertion hole (23) for inserting and holding the corresponding diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) in a buckling-prevented state and in the axial direction. ing. The insertion hole (23) is provided so as to penetrate from the proximal end to the distal end of the guide (20). Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the distal end surface (21a) of the guide (20) is provided with a material outlet portion (23a) consisting of one end opening of the insertion hole (23), while the guide ( The base end face of 20) is provided with a material inlet portion comprising the other end opening of the insertion hole (23).

  The insertion hole (23) is configured such that the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) inserted and disposed in the insertion hole (23), the tip surface (21a) of the guide (20) and the receiving die (11) It is for guiding to the diameter expansion space (S) between the receiving part (13). In the first embodiment, the diameter-expanded space (S) is a space in which the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) can be freely expanded, that is, a free-expanded space.

  The cross-sectional shape of the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20) is a shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1), that is, a circular shape. In addition, the diameter of the insertion hole (23) is set to be the same or slightly larger than the diameter of the diameter expansion planned portion (2) of the material (1), so that the insertion hole (23) is inserted into the insertion hole (23). The diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) is inserted into the hole (23) in a buckling-prevented state and slidable in the axial direction.

  Moreover, as shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, the front-end | tip part (21) of a guide (20) is formed in the small diameter with respect to the site | part of a base end side rather than the front-end | tip part (21) of a guide (20). . Here, in the present embodiment, a portion closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion (21) of the guide (20) is referred to as a “guide body (22)”.

  The two heating means (40) and (40) have the same configuration. As shown in FIG. 2, each heating means (40) locally has a portion (2a) corresponding to the tip (21) of the guide (20) in each diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1). It is for heating. In the present embodiment, each heating means (40) has an induction heating means (41) having an induction heating coil (42) and a power source (43) for supplying an alternating current (or an alternating voltage) to the coil (42). ). Further, (44) is a lead wire for connecting the induction heating coil (42) and the power supply unit (43).

  The induction heating coil (42) is arranged so as to surround the insertion hole (23) at the distal end portion (21) of the guide (20). In the present embodiment, the induction heating coil (42) is embedded in the tip (21) of the guide (20).

  The tip (21) of the guide (20) is made of a hard non-conductive material having heat resistance such as ceramic, or a hard conductive material having heat resistance such as steel (eg: Heat resistant metal material). On the other hand, a portion of the guide (20) closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion (21), that is, the guide main body (22) is made of a metal material such as steel.

  In this induction heating means (41), when a current (voltage) of a predetermined frequency (high frequency, low frequency, etc.) is supplied to the induction heating coil (42) by the power source (43), the diameter-expanded portion of the material (1) The part (2a) corresponding to the front-end | tip part (21) of the guide (20) in (2) is comprised so that it may be induction-heated locally. Furthermore, this induction heating means (41) changes the amount of current supplied to the induction heating coil (42), etc., so that the tip end portion of the guide (20) in each diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) It is comprised so that the site | part (2a) corresponding to (21) can be heated to a semi-molten state.

  Further, a flange portion (21b) is integrally formed at the tip end portion (21) of the guide (20). And this flange part (21b) is arrange | positioned at the edge part of a guide main body (22) through a heat insulation layer (24), and in this state, a flange part (21b), a heat insulation layer (24), and a guide main body (22 Are connected and integrated with each other by a plurality of connecting screws (25) and (25), so that the tip (21) of the guide (20) passes through the heat insulating layer (24) to the guide body (22). Are connected. In the guide (20), the heat of the tip (21) of the guide (20) is suppressed from being conducted to the guide body (22) by the heat insulating layer (24). In addition, a heat insulation layer (24) consists of an alumina board, a zirconia board, etc.

  Further, the upsetting apparatus (10A) includes two first cooling means (50) (50) for cooling the peripheral surface of the insertion hole (23) in the guide body (22) of each guide (20). I have.

  Both the first cooling means (50) and (50) have the same configuration. Each first cooling means (50) circulates a coolant such as cooling water through one or a plurality of coolant flow passages (51) provided inside the guide body (50), so that the guide body (22 ) To cool the peripheral surface of the insertion hole (23). (52a) is a supply pipe for supplying the coolant to the coolant flow passage (51), and (52b) is a discharge pipe for discharging the coolant from the coolant flow passage (51). An arrow (53) indicates the flow direction of the coolant.

  The two pressurizing means (30) and (30) have the same configuration. Each pressurization means (30) pressurizes each diameter expansion plan part (2) of the raw material (1) inserted and arranged in the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20) in the axial direction. The pressurizing means (30) includes a punch (31) and a punch driving unit (32) for driving the punch (31). The punch (31) is driven by the punch drive section (32), so that the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) is pressed in the axial direction by the punch (31). As a drive source of the punch drive unit (32), for example, a fluid pressure cylinder (a hydraulic cylinder, a gas pressure cylinder, or the like) is used.

  Both guide drive means (27) and (27) have the same configuration. Each guide drive means (27) moves the guide (20) in the direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1). As a drive source of the guide drive means (27), for example, a fluid pressure cylinder (such as a hydraulic cylinder or a gas pressure cylinder) is used.

  Next, an upsetting method using the upsetting apparatus (10A) of the first embodiment will be described below.

  First, as shown in FIG. 3, the non-expanded portion (3) of the material (1) is received and disposed in the holding hole (12) of the die (11). Thereby, each diameter expansion plan part (2) of the raw material (1) is received by the corresponding receiving part (13) of the receiving die (11), and the non-diameter planned part (3) of the material (1) is held. In the hole (12), it is held in a buckling prevention state and in an axial movement prevention state.

  Furthermore, both the diameter expansion planned portions (2) and (2) of the material (1) are inserted and arranged in the insertion holes (23) of the corresponding guides (20) [arrangement step of the material diameter expansion planned portion]. Thereby, each diameter expansion plan part (2) of the raw material (1) is inserted and held in the insertion hole (23) in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction.

  In addition, in this arrangement | positioning process of a raw material diameter expansion plan part, as above-mentioned, a non-diameter expansion plan part (3) of a raw material (1) is received and arrange | positioned by inserting in the holding hole (12) of die | dye (11). After receiving the diameter-expanded portion (2) of (1) by the receiving portion (13) of the die (11), the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) is inserted into the insertion hole ( 23) The material (1) may be inserted into the material (1), or the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) may be inserted into the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20). By receiving and arranging the non-expanded planned portion (3) in the holding hole (12) of the die (11), the received expanded portion (2) of the material (1) is received (13) )

  Further, by supplying a current of a predetermined frequency to the induction heating coil (42) of each induction heating means (41) by the power supply unit (43), the guide (2) in each diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) ( The part (2a) corresponding to the tip part (21) of 20) is brought into a state of being locally induction-heated to a predetermined temperature.

  The heating temperature is not limited as long as the deformation resistance of the predetermined portion (2a) of the material (1) is reduced. Specific examples of suitable heating temperatures are as follows.

  For example, when the material of the material (1) is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, examples of a suitable heating temperature range include 200 to 580 ° C. (particularly preferably 350 to 540 ° C.). Further, the material (1) In the case of heating the predetermined part (2a) to a semi-molten state, a suitable heating temperature range is 580 to 625 ° C. (particularly preferably 600 to 615 ° C.). However, in the present invention, the heating temperature is not limited to the above range.

  Further, by circulating a coolant such as normal temperature coolant through the coolant flow passage (51) of the guide body (22) of each guide (20), the peripheral surface of the insertion hole (23) in the guide body (22) Allow to cool. Thereby, the part (2b) of the base end side rather than the front-end | tip part (21) of the guide (20) in the diameter expansion plan part (2) of a raw material (1) is contacted with the surrounding surface of the penetration hole (23). It is locally cooled to a predetermined temperature.

  In this case, examples of a preferable cooling temperature range include 30 to 85 ° C. (particularly preferably 40 to 60 ° C.). However, in the present invention, the cooling temperature is not limited to the above range.

  Next, while maintaining such a state, both the diameter expansion planned portions (2) and (2) of the material (1) are simultaneously pressed in the axial direction by the punches (31) of the corresponding pressing means (30). However, each guide (20) is moved by the guide drive means (27) in the direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1). As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, both diameters of the material (1) exposed between the tip surface (21a) of each guide (20) and the corresponding receiving portion (13) of the receiving die (11) are scheduled to be expanded. The diameters of the parts (2) and (2) are simultaneously expanded in the diameter-expanded space (S) between the tip surface (21a) of the guide (20) and the receiving part (13) of the receiving die (11) [expanded diameter Process]. In the first embodiment, the diameter expansion space (S) is a free diameter expansion space as described above.

  The moving speed of the guide (20) and the pressurizing speed of the planned diameter expansion part (2) of the material (1) by the punch (31) are the diameter expansion design shape of the diameter expansion planned part (2) of the material (1). It is set according to. These speeds may be constant or may vary.

  And as shown in FIG. 5, when each diameter expansion plan part (2) of a raw material (1) is formed in a design shape, the movement of a guide (20) and the pressurization by a punch (31) are stopped.

  Next, by taking out the material (1) from the receiving die (11), the desired upsetting product (5A) shown in FIG. 6 is obtained.

  The upsetting product (5A) obtained in this way is used as a preform, and the enlarged diameter portion (6) is processed in a subsequent step as necessary.

  In this upsetting method, at the start of pressurization of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) by the punch (31), that is, at the start of diameter expansion of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1), The length of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) exposed between the tip surface (21a) of the guide (20) and the receiving portion (13) of the receiving die (11) is the diameter-expanded portion. It is set to be equal to or less than the buckling limit length of (2) (preferably less than the buckling limit length).

  In this upsetting method, a time lag is set between the start of pressurization of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) by the punch (31) and the start of movement of the guide (20). Also good. By doing so, since the cross-sectional area of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) increases at the initial expansion, buckling can be prevented more reliably.

  Thus, the upsetting method of the first embodiment has the following effects.

  That is, in this upsetting method, the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) is received by the receiving portion (13) of the die (11) and the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) is received. The step of arranging in the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20), and after the arrangement step, the diameter expansion planned portion (2) of the material (1) is pressed in the axial direction by the pressing means (30). The guide (20) is moved in the direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1), thereby receiving the tip surface (21a) of the guide (20) and the receiving die (11). Expanding the diameter expansion planned portion (2) of the material (1) exposed between the portions (13). Therefore, buckling of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) can be prevented.

  In addition, in this 1st Embodiment, the diameter expansion plan part (2) of the raw material (1) is the free diameter expansion between the front end surface (21a) of a guide (20) and the receiving part (13) of a receiving die (11). Since the diameter is expanded in the space (S), the upsetting method and the upsetting apparatus (10A) of the first embodiment will be described in detail in the categories of the free upsetting method and the free upsetting apparatus, respectively. to go into.

  Further, in the diameter expansion process, the part (2a) corresponding to the tip (21) of the guide (20) in each diameter expansion scheduled part (2) of the material (1) is locally heated by the heating means (40). As a result, the deformation resistance is locally reduced only in the portion (2a) corresponding to the tip (21) of the guide (20) in the planned diameter expansion portion (2) of the material (1). Can be reduced.

  On the other hand, the portion (2b) closer to the base end side than the tip end portion (21) of the guide (20) in the planned diameter expansion portion (2) of the material (1) is not heated, so the deformation resistance does not decrease. For this reason, the end of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) remains hard and is not easily crushed even when subjected to the molding pressure from the punch (31). Therefore, it is possible to prevent an increase in molding pressure caused by a part of the material of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) entering the gap between the punch (31) and the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20), As a result, processing inability can be prevented. Further, it is possible to prevent an increase in molding pressure caused when the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) bulges radially outward in the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20). Therefore, even if the length of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) inserted and arranged in the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20) is short or long, the molding pressure is surely increased. Can be reduced.

  Furthermore, the heating means (40) is an induction heating means (41) having an induction heating coil (42), and the material (by the induction heating coil (42) disposed at the tip (21) of each guide (20) 1) Since the part (2a) corresponding to the tip part (21) of the guide (20) in each diameter expansion planned part (2) is induction-heated, the predetermined part of the diameter expansion planned part (2) of the material (1) (2a) can be heated reliably and extremely efficiently.

  Furthermore, when heating temperature is raised and the predetermined part (2a) of the diameter expansion plan part (2) of a raw material (1) is heated to a semi-molten state, a molding pressure can be reduced significantly. In this case, the upsetting process falls within the category of thixo molding.

  Furthermore, since the tip (21) of each guide (20) is connected to the guide body (22) via the heat insulating layer (24), the heat of the tip (21) of the guide (20) Conduction to 22) can be suppressed by the heat insulating layer (24). Therefore, it can suppress reliably that the site | part (2b) of a base end side rather than the front-end | tip part (21) of the guide (20) in each diameter expansion plan part (2) of a raw material (1) is heated.

  In addition, in the diameter expansion step, the diameter of the guide (20) is increased while the peripheral surface of the insertion hole (23) in the guide body (22) is cooled by the first cooling means (50). ) Can be more reliably prevented from heating the portion (2b) on the proximal end side of the distal end portion (21) of the guide (20) in the planned diameter expansion portion (2).

  Further, in the diameter expansion process, both the diameter expansion planned portions (2) and (2) of the material (1) are expanded at the same time, so that the diameter expansion portions (6) and (6) are formed on both sides in the axial direction. Upsetting products (5A) can be manufactured efficiently.

  7-9 is a figure explaining the upsetting apparatus and upsetting method which concern on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

  In FIG. 10, (5B) is an upsetting product processed using the upsetting apparatus (10B) of the second embodiment. This upsetting product (5B) is obtained by forming a substantially hexagonal plate-like enlarged diameter portion (6) on both axial sides of the rod-like shaft portion (7). Each diameter-expanded portion (6) is a portion that is processed by post-processing as a connecting portion (bush mounting portion or the like) that is connected to another member. As this post-processing, for example, a drilling process for opening a bush mounting holding hole in the enlarged diameter portion (6) can be mentioned. In the present invention, the shape of the enlarged-diameter portion (6) is not limited to a polygonal plate shape such as a substantially hexagonal plate shape, but may be a disk shape or a cylindrical shape, for example. It may be.

  Next, the configuration of the upsetting apparatus (10B) of the second embodiment will be described below with a focus on differences from the configuration of the upsetting apparatus (10A) of the first embodiment.

  In the upsetting apparatus (10B) of the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a molding having a closed cavity (15) for molding each diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) into a design shape. A portion (14) extends integrally from the receiving portion (13) of the receiving die (11) toward the axial end. Thereby, each receiving part (13) forms a part of the molding surface of the cavity (15). The holding die (11) is provided with the holding hole (12) in communication with both receiving portions (13) and (13), in other words, with both cavities (15) and (15) in communication.

  Further, the upsetting apparatus (10B) is configured to expand both the material (1) exposed between the tip surface (21a) of each guide (20) and the corresponding receiving portion (13) of the receiving die (11). The diameter-scheduled portions (2) and (2) are configured to simultaneously expand in the corresponding cavities (15) of the receiving die (11). Therefore, the upsetting method and the upsetting apparatus (10B) of the second embodiment are in the category of the restraining upsetting method and the upsetting apparatus, respectively, in detail. Further, the cavity (15) corresponds to a diameter expansion space (S) in which the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) is expanded.

  Further, the upsetting apparatus (10B) includes at least one (two in this embodiment) second cooling means (55) (55) for cooling the molding surface of each cavity (15) of the receiving die (11). ). Each second cooling means (55) has cooling jackets (56) mounted on both left and right sides of the receiving die (11) so as to straddle both molded portions (14) and (14) of the receiving die (11). ing. A cooling liquid such as cooling water is supplied to the cooling jacket (56) to cool the molding surface of each cavity (15) of the receiving die (11). The arrow (57) indicates the flow direction of the coolant.

  Further, an insertion hole (16) for inserting the tip end portion (21) of the guide (20) into each cavity (15) at the axial end of each molding portion (14) of the receiving die (11) Is provided.

  Other configurations of the upsetting apparatus (10B) of the second embodiment are the same as those of the upsetting apparatus (10A) of the first embodiment.

  Next, an upsetting method using the upsetting apparatus (10B) of the second embodiment will be described below, focusing on differences from the upsetting method of the first embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, first, as shown in FIG. 7, the non-diameter-expected portion (3) of the material (1) is disposed in the holding hole (12) of the receiving die (11). Thereby, each diameter expansion plan part (2) of a raw material (1) is received by the receiving part (13) corresponding to a receiving die (11). Furthermore, when both the diameter-expanded portions (2) and (2) of the material (1) are arranged in the insertion holes (23) of the guide (20), both cavities (15) and (15) of the receiving die (11) are arranged. ), The distal end portion (21) of the guide (20) is inserted and arranged through the insertion hole (16).

  Further, by supplying a current of a predetermined frequency to the induction heating coil (42) of each induction heating means (41) by the power supply unit (43), the guide (2) in each diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) ( The part (2b) corresponding to the tip (21) of 20) is in a state of induction heating to a predetermined temperature.

  Further, by circulating a coolant such as normal temperature coolant through the coolant flow passage (51) of the guide body (22) of each guide (20), the peripheral surface of the insertion hole (23) in the guide body (22) Allow to cool.

  Furthermore, the molding surface of each cavity (15) of the receiving die (11) was cooled to a predetermined temperature by supplying a cooling liquid such as room temperature cooling water to the cooling jacket (56) of the second cooling means (55). Put it in a state.

  In this case, examples of a preferable cooling temperature range include 30 to 80 ° C. (particularly preferably 30 to 60 ° C.). However, in the present invention, the cooling temperature is not limited to this range.

  Next, while maintaining such a state, both the diameter expansion planned portions (2) and (2) of the material (1) are simultaneously pressed in the axial direction by the punches (31) of the corresponding pressing means (30). However, each guide (20) is moved by the guide drive means (27) in the direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the corresponding diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1). As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, both diameters of the material (1) exposed between the tip surface (21a) of each guide (20) and the corresponding receiving portion (13) of the receiving die (11) are scheduled to be expanded. The diameters of the parts (2) and (2) are simultaneously expanded in the corresponding cavities (15) of the receiving die (11) [diameter expansion step].

  In this diameter expansion process, as shown in FIG. 8, the guide (20) is moved in the direction opposite to the pressing direction while pressing each diameter expansion planned portion (2) of the material (1) in the axial direction. In addition, the material of each diameter expansion planned portion (2) of the material (1) is sequentially filled into the cavity (15) of the receiving die (11).

  And as shown in FIG. 9, each diameter expansion plan part is filled with the material of each diameter expansion plan part (2) of a raw material (1) in the cavity (15) of a receiving die (11). When (2) is formed in the design shape, the movement of the guide (20) and the pressurization by the punch (31) are stopped.

  Next, by taking out the material (1) from the receiving die (11), the desired upsetting product (5B) shown in FIG. 10 is obtained.

  The upsetting product (5B) obtained in this way is used as a preform, and the enlarged diameter portion (6) is processed in a subsequent step as necessary.

  Therefore, the upsetting method of the second embodiment has the following effect in addition to the effects of the upsetting method of the first embodiment.

  That is, in the diameter expanding step, the diameter is expanded while the molding surface of each cavity (15) of the receiving die (11) is cooled by the cooling jacket (56) of the second cooling means (55). The crystal growth of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) can be suppressed in each cavity (15) of (11).

  Further, by heating the portion (2a) corresponding to the tip (21) of the guide (20) in the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1), the cavity of the material of the diameter-expanded portion (2) ( 15) Plastic flow within is promoted. As a result, even when the shape of the cavity (15) is a complicated shape, the material of the diameter-expanded portion (2) can be sequentially filled into the cavity (15) with a low molding pressure. An enlarged diameter part (6) without a lacking wall can be formed.

  In the first and second embodiments, each of the induction heating coils (42) corresponds to the distal end portion (21) of the guide (20) in each diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1). The part (2a) is directly heated by induction. However, in the present invention, the leading end portion (21) of the guide (20) is induction-heated by each induction heating coil (42), whereby the guide (20) of each guide (20) in the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1). You may heat the site | part (2a) corresponding to a front-end | tip part (21) via the front-end | tip part (21) of a guide (20). In this case, the predetermined part (2a) of the diameter expansion scheduled part (2) of the material (1) can be reliably and efficiently heated. In this case, the tip (21) of the guide (20) is preferably made of a hard conductive material having heat resistance (eg, heat resistant metal material) such as steel.

  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to those shown in these embodiments, and various settings can be changed.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, by arranging the non-diameter-expected portion (3) of the material (1) in the holding hole (12) of the receiving die (11), the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) (2). ) Is received at the receiving part (13) of the die (11). However, in the present invention, when the material (1) does not have the non-expanded portion (3), that is, when the entire material (1) is the expanded portion (2), the receiving die ( Instead of providing the holding hole (12) in 11), the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) may be received by the receiving portion (13) as follows. That is, the end portion of the material (1) is brought into contact with the receiving portion (13) of the receiving die (11) so that the material (1) is arranged substantially perpendicular to the receiving portion (13) (preferably It is also possible to receive the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) by the receiving portion (13) of the die (11).

  In this embodiment, the heating means (40) is an induction heating means (41) having an induction heating coil (42). However, in the present invention, the heating means (40) is an induction heating means (41). The other means is, for example, an energization heating means for energizing and heating only the tip (21) of the guide (20). In this case, the predetermined part (2a) of the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) is heated via the tip (21) of the guide (20).

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although a pressurization means (30) has a punch (31), in this invention, a pressurization means (30) is not limited to what has a punch (31). For example, while having a gripping part for gripping the material (1) and holding the material (1) by the gripping part, the diameter expansion planned part (2) of the material (1) is pressurized in the axial direction. It may be configured to move the gripping part, or may be other means.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the diameter expansion plan part (2) of a raw material (1) is two places, in this invention, the diameter expansion plan part (2) of a raw material (1) is an axis | shaft of a raw material (1). There may be only one location such as one side portion in the direction or the middle portion in the axial direction. In this case, the number of receiving portions (13) and cavities (15) of the receiving die (11) may be one.

  Further, in the present invention, in the diameter expansion process, the diameter expansion is completed in a state where a part of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) is left in the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20). Alternatively, as shown in the present embodiment, the expansion of the diameter is completed immediately after the entire diameter expansion planned portion (2) is pushed out from the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20) into the expansion space (S). Also good.

  Of course, the upsetting method and the upsetting apparatus according to the present invention are not limited to those used for manufacturing a preform for manufacturing a vehicle arm, but various industrial product preforms. For example, it may be used to manufacture a preform for a shaft, a preform for a frame, a preform for a connecting rod, a single-head piston or a double-head piston conform for a compressor. Furthermore, it may be used for manufacturing a forging material formed in a disk shape or the like.

  Next, specific examples and comparative examples of the present invention are shown below.

[Example 1] and [Comparative Examples 1 and 2]
A rod-shaped material (1) made of an aluminum alloy (material: A6061) having a diameter of 12 mm was prepared. And the diameter expansion was performed about the diameter expansion plan part (2) of the raw material (1) with the processing conditions shown in Table 1 by the upsetting apparatus (10A) and the upsetting method of the first embodiment. And the molding pressure required in that case was investigated. The results are shown in Table 1.

  In this case, as shown in Table 1, in Example 1, the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) is 200 mm, and in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the length is 150 mm and 200 mm, respectively. is there.

  In the “heating mode” column of Table 1, “local heating” means the part (2a) corresponding to the tip (21) of the guide (20) in the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1). This shows that induction heating was performed locally by the induction heating coil (42). “Whole heating” indicates that the entire material (1) is heated to a predetermined temperature by a heating furnace, and then the material (1) is quickly set in an upsetting apparatus to perform diameter expansion.

  The “presence / absence of cooling” indicates whether or not the peripheral surface of the insertion hole (23) in the guide body (22) is cooled by the first cooling means (50). In this cooling, normal temperature water was used as a coolant. The cooling temperature is 40 ° C.

As shown in Table 1, in Comparative Example 1, the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) is 150 mm. In this case, the molding pressure is 7.1 × 10 ⁸ Pa, It was very expensive. Moreover, in Comparative Example 2, the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) is 200 mm. In this case, the molding pressure exceeds the maximum drive capability of the punch drive portion (32) during the processing. As a result, processing became impossible. The cause is as follows. That is, by pressurizing the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) with the punch (31), the end portion pressed by the punch (31) in the diameter-expanded portion (2) of the material (1) In response to the molding pressure from the punch (31), it is crushed in the insertion hole (23) of the guide (20). Furthermore, since the whole raw material (1) is heated, the deformation resistance of the end portion of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) is lowered. Therefore, the end part of the diameter expansion scheduled part (2) is more likely to be crushed. As a result, a part of the material of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) enters a large amount into the gap between the punch (31) and the insertion hole (23), and as a result, the molding pressure increases and the punch driving portion ( This is because the maximum drive capacity of 32) was exceeded.

On the other hand, in Example 1, the length of the diameter expansion scheduled portion (2) of the material (1) is 200 mm as in Comparative Example 2, but in this case, the molding pressure is 8.0 × 10 ^7. Pa. Therefore, it has been confirmed that the molding pressure can be greatly reduced.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for an upsetting method and an upsetting apparatus used when manufacturing a product such as an arm or a piston for a vehicle (such as an automobile or a railway vehicle).

It is a perspective view of the guide of the upsetting apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the same guide in the state which has arrange | positioned the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material in the penetration hole. It is sectional drawing of the upsetting apparatus in the state before expanding the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material. It is sectional drawing of the upsetting apparatus in the state in the middle of expanding the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material. It is sectional drawing of the upsetting apparatus in the state after expanding the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material. It is a perspective view of the upsetting product processed using the upsetting apparatus. It is a figure explaining the upsetting apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and is sectional drawing of the upsetting apparatus in the state before expanding the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material. It is sectional drawing of the upsetting apparatus in the state in the middle of expanding the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material. It is sectional drawing of the upsetting apparatus in the state after expanding the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material. It is a perspective view of the upsetting product processed using the upsetting apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Material 2 ... Diameter expansion plan part 3 ... Non-diameter expansion plan part
5A, 5B ... Upsetting product 6 ... Diameter expansion part
10A, 10B ... Upsetting machine
11 ... Die
12 ... Holding hole
13 ... Receiver
14 ... Molding part
15 ... cavity
20 ... Guide
21… Guide tip
22 ... Guide body
23 ... Insertion hole
23a… Material outlet
24… Insulation layer
27 ... Guide driving means
30 ... Pressure means
31 ... Punch
32 ... Punch drive unit
40 ... heating means
41 ... Induction heating means
42… Induction heating coil
43… Power supply
50. First cooling means
51 ... Coolant flow passage
55. Second cooling means
56 ... Cooling jacket S ... Expanded space

Claims (34)

A material outlet having a receiving die having a receiving portion and an insertion hole for inserting and holding the diameter-expanded portion of the material in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction, and having an opening at one end of the insertion hole on the tip surface A guide provided with a section,
Receiving the planned diameter expansion part of the material at the receiving part of the die, and arranging the planned diameter expansion part of the material in the insertion hole of the guide;
The guide is moved in the direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the planned diameter expansion portion of the material, while pressing the planned diameter expansion portion of the material in the axial direction by the pressurizing means after the arrangement step of the planned diameter expansion portion of the material. The step of expanding the diameter expansion planned portion of the material exposed between the front end surface of the guide and the receiving portion of the receiving die,
An upsetting method including:
In the diameter expansion step, the upsetting method is characterized in that the diameter expansion is performed in a state in which a portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is locally heated by the heating means. The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
2. The installation according to claim 1, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state in which a portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in the planned diameter expansion portion of the material is induction-heated by an induction heating coil disposed at the distal end portion of the guide. Machining method. The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
In the diameter expansion step, the induction heating coil disposed at the tip of the guide is induction-heated to heat the portion corresponding to the tip of the guide in the planned diameter expansion portion of the material. The upsetting method according to claim 1, wherein the diameter is expanded.   The upsetting method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein a tip portion of the guide on which the induction heating coil is disposed is connected to a main body of the guide via a heat insulating layer.   The upsetting process according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where a portion corresponding to a tip end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is heated to a semi-molten state. Method.   6. The diameter expansion step according to claim 1, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where the peripheral surface of the insertion hole in the portion closer to the base end side than the distal end portion of the guide is cooled by the first cooling means. Upsetting method. A molding part having a cavity for molding the planned diameter expansion part of the material into a design shape is extended from the receiving part of the receiving die,
In the arrangement step of the material expansion planned portion, the material expansion planned portion is received by the receiving portion of the die, and the material expansion planned portion is disposed in the insertion hole of the guide, and further in the cavity of the receiving die Place the tip of the guide in
The diameter expansion process WHEREIN: The diameter expansion plan part of the raw material exposed between the front end surface of a guide and the receiving part of a receiving die is expanded in the cavity of a receiving die. Upsetting method.   The upsetting method according to claim 7, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where the molding surface of the cavity of the receiving die is cooled by the second cooling means.   An upsetting product obtained by the upsetting method according to claim 1. A receiving die provided with receiving portions at both ends in the axial direction, and holding holes for holding the non-expanded portion of the material in a buckling-prevented state in communication with both receiving portions, and the non-expanded material A material outlet having an insertion hole for inserting and holding the diameter-expanded portions on both sides in the axial direction with respect to the planned portion in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction, and having an opening at one end of the insertion hole on the tip surface Using two guides provided with parts,
By arranging the non-expanded portion of the material in the holding hole of the receiving die, each expanded diameter portion of the material is received by the corresponding receiving portion of the die, and the both expanded diameter portions of the material are inserted through the guides respectively. Placing in the hole;
After the arrangement step of the material diameter expansion planned portion, while pressing both diameter expansion planned portions of the material in the axial direction by the pressurizing means, each guide is a pressing direction of the corresponding diameter expansion planned portion of the material. A step of simultaneously expanding each of the diameter-expanded portions of the exposed material between the tip surface of each guide and the corresponding receiving portion of the receiving die by moving in the opposite direction;
An upsetting method including:
In the diameter expansion step, the upsetting method is characterized in that the diameter expansion is performed in a state where a portion corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is locally heated by the heating means. The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
The diameter expansion step is performed in a state where the portion corresponding to the tip end portion of the guide in each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is induction-heated by the induction heating coil disposed at the tip end portion of each guide. Upsetting method. The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
In the diameter expansion step, the portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in each planned diameter expansion portion of the material is heated by induction heating the distal end portion of the guide by an induction heating coil disposed at the distal end portion of each guide. The upsetting method according to claim 10, wherein the diameter is expanded in a state.   The upsetting method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein a tip portion of each guide on which the induction heating coil is disposed is connected to a main body of the guide via a heat insulating layer.   The upsetting according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where a portion corresponding to a tip portion of the guide in each diameter expansion planned portion of the material is heated to a semi-molten state. Processing method.   15. The diameter expansion step according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where the peripheral surface of the insertion hole in the portion closer to the base end side than the distal end portion of each guide is cooled by the first cooling means. Upsetting method. Molded parts with cavities that mold the planned diameter expansion part of the material into the design shape are extended from each receiving part of the receiving die,
In the arrangement step of the material expansion planned portion, the non-expansion planned portion of the material is arranged in the holding hole of the receiving die to receive each diameter expansion planned portion of the material at the corresponding receiving portion of the die, and the material. Both of the diameter expansion planned portions are arranged in the insertion holes of the guide, respectively, and further, the tip portions of the guides are arranged in both cavities of the receiving die,
11. In the diameter expansion step, the diameter expansion planned portions of the material exposed between the front end surface of each guide and the corresponding receiving portion of the receiving die are simultaneously expanded in the corresponding cavities of the receiving die, respectively. The upsetting method according to any one of -15.   The upsetting method according to claim 16, wherein in the diameter expansion step, the diameter is expanded in a state where the molding surface of each cavity of the receiving die is cooled by the second cooling means.   An upsetting product obtained by the upsetting method according to claim 10. A receiving die having a receiving portion for receiving a diameter expansion planned portion of the material;
A guide provided with a material outlet portion including an opening at one end of the insertion hole on the tip surface, and having an insertion hole for inserting and holding the planned diameter expansion portion of the material in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction;
A pressurizing means for pressurizing the diameter-expanded portion of the material disposed in the insertion hole of the guide in the axial direction;
Guide driving means for moving the guide in a direction opposite to the pressurizing direction of the diameter expansion planned portion of the material,
With
An upsetting apparatus configured to expand a diameter-expanded portion of a material exposed between a front end surface of a guide and a receiving portion of a receiving die,
Furthermore, the upsetting apparatus characterized by including the heating means which heats locally the site | part corresponding to the front-end | tip part of the guide in the diameter expansion plan part of a raw material. The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
The upsetting apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the part corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in the planned diameter expansion portion of the material is induction heated by an induction heating coil disposed at the distal end portion of the guide. The heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
The portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in the diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material is heated by induction heating the distal end portion of the guide by an induction heating coil disposed at the distal end portion of the guide. The upsetting machine described.   The upsetting apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, wherein a tip portion of the guide on which the induction heating coil is disposed is connected to a main body of the guide via a heat insulating layer.   The upsetting apparatus according to any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein the heating means is capable of heating a portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in the diameter-expanded portion of the material into a semi-molten state.   The upsetting apparatus according to any one of claims 19 to 23, further comprising a first cooling means for cooling a peripheral surface of the insertion hole in a portion closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion of the guide. A molding part having a cavity for molding the planned diameter expansion part of the material into a design shape is extended from the receiving part of the receiving die,
25. Any one of claims 19 to 24, wherein the diameter-expanded portion of the material exposed between the front end surface of the guide and the receiving portion of the receiving die is configured to expand in the cavity of the receiving die. Upsetting machine.   26. The upsetting apparatus according to claim 25, further comprising second cooling means for cooling the molding surface of the cavity of the receiving die. Receiving dies each provided with a receiving portion at both axial ends, and holding holes that hold the non-expanded portion of the material in a buckling-preventing state in communication with both receiving portions,
It has an insertion hole for inserting and holding the diameter-expanded portions on both sides in the axial direction in a buckling-prevented state and slidably movable in the axial direction with respect to the non-expanded planned portion of the material. Two guides provided with a material outlet part comprising parts,
Two pressurizing means for pressurizing each diameter-expanded portion of the material disposed in the insertion hole of each guide in the axial direction;
Two guide driving means for moving each guide in a direction opposite to the pressing direction of the corresponding diameter-expanded portion of the material;
With
An upsetting apparatus configured to simultaneously expand each diameter expansion planned portion of the material exposed between the front end surface of each guide and the corresponding receiving portion of the receiving die,
Furthermore, the upsetting apparatus characterized by including two heating means for locally heating a portion corresponding to the distal end portion of the guide in each diameter expansion planned portion of the material. Each heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
28. The upsetting apparatus according to claim 27, wherein an induction heating coil disposed at a tip portion of each guide is configured to induce and heat a portion corresponding to the tip portion of the guide in each diameter expansion planned portion of the material. Each heating means is an induction heating means having an induction heating coil,
The induction heating coil disposed at the tip of each guide is induction-heated by the induction heating coil to heat a portion corresponding to the tip of the guide in each diameter expansion scheduled portion of the material. The upsetting apparatus according to claim 27.   30. The upsetting apparatus according to claim 28 or 29, wherein a tip portion of each guide on which the induction heating coil is disposed is connected to a main body of the guide via a heat insulating layer.   31. The upsetting apparatus according to any one of claims 27 to 30, wherein each heating means is capable of heating a portion corresponding to a distal end portion of the guide in the diameter-expanded portion of the material into a semi-molten state.   32. The upsetting apparatus according to any one of claims 27 to 31, further comprising a first cooling means for cooling a peripheral surface of the insertion hole in a portion closer to the proximal end than the distal end portion of each guide. Molded parts with cavities that mold the planned diameter expansion part of the material into the design shape are extended from each receiving part of the receiving die,
28. A structure in which both diameter-expanded portions of the material exposed between the front end surface of each guide and the corresponding receiving portion of the receiving die are simultaneously expanded in the corresponding cavity of the receiving die. 33. The upsetting apparatus according to any one of to 32. The upsetting apparatus according to claim 33, further comprising second cooling means for cooling the molding surface of each cavity of the receiving die.

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