JP2007091890A - System for removing foreign matter in biomass fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently remove foreign matters such as metal fittings which are in fixed states to a waste wood when pulverizing a ligneous biomass such as a building waste material. <P>SOLUTION: The system for producing fuel by carbonizing the ligneous biomass and pulverizing the product involves removing the foreign matters after carbonizing the ligneous biomass and pulverizing the product by using at least one of a wind power-type classifier, a gravity-type classifier and a centrifugation-type classifier. The ligneous biomass after the carbonization is very brittle, and the metal fittings attached by screwing or the like to the ligneous biomass such as the waste wood can be easily removed as the foreign matters. At least one of the wind power-type, gravity-type or centrifugation type classifier is preferably used as the foreign matter-removing apparatus because the foreign matter fixed to the waste wood is not always separated by a magnet because of, for example, being copper or a ceramic (pottery and tile). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention is intended to efficiently carbonize and pulverize the above woody biomass mainly for waste wood such as construction waste wood and the woody biomass represented (hereinafter sometimes referred to as woody biomass). Therefore, it can be effectively used as biomass fuel.

In response to the amendment of the “Special Measures Law for Promotion of New Energy Use” in 2002, biomass energy has been recognized as new energy. It was obliged to use more than the standard amount of new energy.

“Biomass”, recognized as new energy, is a collective term for biomass, such as agriculture (wheat straw, sugarcane, rice bran, vegetation, etc.), forestry (saw-timber waste, thinned wood, wood firewood, etc.), livestock ( Livestock waste), fisheries (fishery processing residue), waste (garbage, construction waste), etc. One of the aforementioned legal purposes is to protect these biomass for environmental protection. Is to be used as new energy. At present, in order to search for an effective utilization method of biomass, many schemes have been tried, and methods such as chipping and burning biomass or gasifying it are already known.

As one of the biomass utilization methods described above, in thermal power generation facilities and the like, there is an expectation for a method of co-firing woody biomass with coal and the like as a fuel, and electric companies are also actively investigating.
In addition, when co-firing the woody biomass described above with a coal-fired power generation facility, it is efficient that the woody biomass is burned into a fine powder having a predetermined particle size or less in a carbonized state. It is described in.

JP 2005-114261 A

Here, when pulverizing woody biomass such as building waste, there is a problem of how to effectively remove foreign matters such as metal fittings that remain adhered to the waste wood.
Although there is no specific disclosure about the means for solving the problem in Patent Document 1, in the case of the conventional manufacturing method in which the woody biomass is simply made into chips without being carbonized, the chips are ground after pulverizing the woody biomass. A system that removes foreign matters using a magnet-type foreign matter removing device at the time of conversion is known.
However, even if the woody biomass is not carbonized, even if it is simply made into chips, the metal foreign matter that has been screwed to the waste wood is not easily separated, and in many cases cannot be removed. Increasing the degree of pulverization and reducing the size of the chip makes it easier to separate the metal foreign matter, but if the degree of pulverization is increased, the metal foreign matter bites into the blade of the pulverizer during pulverization. There are many problems caused by hurting, and how to solve this has become a problem.

An object of the present invention is to provide a foreign matter removal system for biomass fuel that can efficiently remove foreign matter adhering to waste wood or the like when pulverizing woody biomass.

In order to achieve the above object, a biomass fuel foreign matter removing system according to the present invention comprises:
(1) In the fuel production system which carbonizes the woody biomass and pulverizes it as fuel, the woody biomass is carbonized and pulverized, and then the foreign matter is removed.

(2) In the foreign substance removal system according to (1), after pulverizing the carbonized biomass, at least one of a wind classifier, a gravity classifier, or a centrifugal classifier is used. did.

The present invention is configured to remove foreign matters after carbonizing and pulverizing the woody biomass. The woody biomass after carbonization is very fragile, and metal foreign matter that has been screwed to woody biomass such as waste wood can be easily separated and removed as foreign matter.

In addition, the foreign matter fixed to the waste wood is not limited to the one that can be separated by a magnet, but includes, for example, copper and ceramics (pottery, tiles). It is preferable to use at least one of the classifiers as a foreign matter removing device, and foreign materials such as metals (copper, zinc, etc.) and ceramics (pottery, tiles, etc.) other than iron, which cannot be separated by magnets Removal becomes possible.

Hereinafter, preferred examples of embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 6 are diagrams illustrating an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a woody biomass fuel production system. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a vertical crusher used in the embodiment. It is principal part sectional drawing for doing. FIG. 3 is a perspective view for explaining the primary crusher, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view for explaining the granulator. 4 and 6 are conceptual diagrams for explaining the carbonization furnace structure.

A preferred example of a biomass fuel production system including a foreign matter removal system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The biomass fuel manufacturing system used in the present embodiment is a primary system that cuts woody biomass such as sawmill waste and thinned wood into a carbonization furnace 50 adjacent to the waste incineration plant 100 installed in various places in Japan. Crusher 40, carbonization furnace 50 using exhaust gas (waste heat) of waste incineration plant, cooling device 60 for cooling carbide of woody biomass discharged from carbonization furnace 50, preliminarily pulverizing (coarsely pulverizing) the cooled carbide ), A centrifuge 80 for removing foreign substances from the pre-ground carbide, a vertical pulverizer 1 for pulverizing (pulverizing) the carbonized raw material into a size suitable for combustion, and a pulverized raw material. A granulator 90 that granulates and pellets is provided, and the pelletized biomass fuel can be crushed in a boiler facility of a power plant that uses biomass fuel. It is equipped with a 150. In the present embodiment, a dry distillation gas supply pipe L for supplying dry distillation gas generated when carbonizing woody biomass in the carbonization furnace 50 as a part of fuel from the carbonization furnace to the waste incinerator is provided. I have.

Here, since the woody biomass before carbonization is bulky, the amount that can be transported at one time is limited, the transport efficiency is poor, and the cost is high because it is transported as fuel.
In order to solve this problem, it is preferable to carbonize the place where the woody biomass is generated as close as possible, reduce the volume or reduce the volume, and then transport to a power generation facility or the like. The inventors of the present application can easily collect woody biomass with the waste incineration plant 100 widely installed in various places in Japan, and can use waste heat for carbonization. Focusing on the fact that the dry distillation gas generated in the waste incinerator can be used as fuel for the incinerator, the waste heat from the exhaust gas from the waste incineration plant 100 is used, and the boiler fuel for the incinerator equipped with the dry distillation gas in the waste incineration plant 100 Carbonize woody biomass while using as
Therefore, in this embodiment, since the carbonized gas generated when carbonizing woody biomass in the carbonization furnace is supplied to the boiler of the waste incinerator and used as fuel, biomass fuel can be produced efficiently.

  Hereinafter, the process flow in the biomass fuel manufacturing system will be briefly described. Woody biomass such as waste wood and thinned wood that are transported and collected to the waste incineration plant 100 are input to the primary crusher 40 and carbonized. It is cut to a size that can be put into the furnace 50. The crushed woody biomass is charged into the carbonization furnace 50 and carbonized (sometimes referred to as dry distillation), then cooled by the cooling device 60, and then charged into the preliminary pulverizer 70 and coarsely pulverized. The

The woody biomass taken out from the pre-pulverizer 70 is put into a centrifugal separator 80 where foreign matters are removed.
Here, in the present invention, generally known wind classifiers, gravity classifiers, and centrifugal classifiers can be used, but known wind classifiers, gravity classifiers, or centrifugal classifiers are respectively used. A combined classifier or the like can also be used without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

Although not shown in detail, the centrifugal classifier 90 used in the present embodiment is a system that generates a spirally flowing gas flow (swirl flow) from the lower side of the casing of the centrifugal classifier 90 to the upper side. While the foreign matter having mass is swung on the swirling flow, it is configured to collect the portion separated from the swirling flow by the centrifugal force generated in the foreign matter.
Moreover, in this embodiment, although the form which does not use the magnet type | formula (magnetic force type) foreign material removal apparatus was shown, it is not limited to this, When the foreign material to remove can be collected with a magnet, A magnet type may be used alone, or may be used in combination with the aforementioned wind classifier, gravity classifier, centrifugal classifier or the like.

The woody biomass after carbonization from which the foreign matters have been removed is put into the vertical crusher 1 and pulverized to a fine particle size suitable for combustion. The woody biomass in the form of fine powder is taken out from the vertical crusher 1 and then put into the granulator 90 where it is pelletized and then conveyed.

The pellet-like woody biomass is transported to a boiler-holding facility such as a power plant, and then finely pulverized again by the crusher 150 provided therein, and used as fuel in that state.

  Here, the carbonization furnace 50 used in the embodiment described in FIG. 1 is a two-layered rotary kiln type carbonization furnace, as shown conceptually in FIG. 4 and FIG. Waste heat from waste incineration facilities is used as a heat source. FIG. 4 shows the flow of the raw material and the flow of gas. While introducing woody biomass from the raw material charging port 43 of the carbonization furnace 50 and passing the furnace tube 44 of the inner cylinder 42 in which the supply of air is restricted, Exhaust gas from a waste incinerator installed in a waste incinerator is caused to flow into a space 45 between the outer cylinder 41 and the inner cylinder 42 disposed outside the inner cylinder 42, and the woody biomass is determined by the amount of heat of the exhaust gas. This was heated to carbonize.

Note that the scope of application according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and a known carbonization method or the like may be performed. Alternatively, a screw type or the like such as a continuous rotary type or a repetitive swing type may be used.

  Further, the carbonization conditions used in the carbonization furnace 50 vary depending on the type of the carbonization furnace 50, the type of woody biomass to be treated, and the like. It is common to carbonize in the range of about 700 ° C.

Next, the primary crusher 40 used in the present embodiment will be briefly described with reference to FIG. 3. The raw material charged from the raw material input port 42 of the primary crusher 40 is sandwiched between crushing rollers 43 to a predetermined size. In addition, as another form of the primary crusher 40, for example, a primary crusher of a type generally called a jaw crusher may be used, and a primary crusher of a type generally called a jaw crusher is a casing. Among them, the swing jaw (movable plate) supporting one end is rocked back and forth toward the fixed plate, thereby crushing crushed material between the fixed plate and the swing jaw. In addition, as with the carbonization furnace 50 described above, the primary crusher is not limited to the above-described form, and a known crusher or crushing method can be used without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. May be used.

  Further, although not shown in detail, in the embodiment of the manufacturing system described in FIG. 1, a water-cooled type is used as the cooling device 60. In addition, like the carbonization furnace 50 or the primary crusher described above, the cooling device 60 is not limited to the present embodiment, and a known cooling can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. An apparatus may be used.

Next, the preliminary pulverizer 70 used in FIG. 1 will be described.
In the embodiment of the crushing system described in FIG. 1, the crusher of the type shown in FIG. 3 is used as the preliminary crusher 70 as with the primary crusher 40.
As described above, for example, when the woody biomass to be processed is construction (architectural) waste wood and metal foreign matter is mixed therein, even if it is cut by the primary crusher 40 before carbonization, The metal foreign matter remains in the woody biomass and is difficult to separate.
If the primary crusher 40 is crushed finely, the foreign matter is separated. However, if the foreign matter remains finely crushed, the primary crusher 40 may be damaged by the metal foreign matter.

In contrast, since the biomass itself is brittle after carbonization of the woody biomass, it is possible to easily separate foreign substances without pulverizing so finely.
Further, if woody biomass with metal foreign matter remaining is put into the vertical crusher 1, the crushing roller 3 of the vertical crusher 1 or the upper surface 2A of the rotary table may be damaged. In the worst case, In addition, sparks may be generated by rubbing between metals, leading to a serious disaster such as a fire. For the reasons described above, it is effective to use the pre-pulverizer 70 when the foreign metal is mixed in the woody biomass to be treated and the woody biomass is finely crushed.
In addition, the preliminary pulverizer 70 provided for the above-described reason is a size that allows the woody biomass taken out from the carbonization furnace 50 to be directly input to the vertical pulverizer 1 (the primary pulverizer 40 uses the vertical pulverizer 1). In some cases, the size can be omitted.
Further, when the woody biomass is used as fuel without being finely pulverized, a pulverization step by the vertical pulverizer 1 described later can be omitted.

  Next, the woody biomass pulverized by the preliminary pulverizer 70 is put into the centrifugal separator 80 to remove foreign matters. The method for removing foreign matter is as described above. If the centrifugal separator 80 is used, there are foreign matters that cannot be attracted to the magnet, such as copper, zinc, ceramics, cements, and earths. This is a preferable form in that it can be removed.

Hereinafter, the vertical crusher 1 used in this embodiment will be described. The vertical crusher 1 used in the present embodiment includes a rotary table 2 driven by an electric motor 2M via a speed reducer 2B installed at the lower part of the vertical crusher 1, as shown in FIG. And a plurality of conical crushing rollers 3 disposed at positions that equally divide the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface (sometimes referred to as the rotary table upper surface 2A) in the circumferential direction. The crushing roller 3 is pressed in the direction of the rotary table upper surface 2A and rotates by being driven by the raw material through the rotary table upper surface 2A.

  The vertical pulverizer 1 shown in FIG. 2 is a so-called inner partial type air sweep type in which a rotary separator 14 having a classification function is provided inside the vertical pulverizer 1. During operation, this type of vertical crusher 1 introduces gas into the machine to generate a gas stream that passes from the lower side of the rotary table through the separator 14 to the upper outlet 39.

  The raw material charged from the raw material charging chute 13 is caught by the rotary table upper surface 2A and the pulverizing roller 3 and pulverized, and then gets over the dam ring 15 provided around the outer edge of the rotary table, and the annular passage 30 (annular space portion). 30) and is transported by the gas to the separator 14 where the raw material having a predetermined particle size or less is taken out from the upper outlet 39 as a pulverized product together with the gas.

  Note that the type of vertical crusher 1 that can be used in the present invention is not limited to the above-described inner partial class of air sweep, and may be, for example, a fixed type separator 14 according to the required particle size of the product. An external circulation type vertical crusher that does not include a separator may be used. Needless to say, the grinding roller 3 may be a spherical type tire crusher 1 having a spherical shape.

Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the woody biomass that has been pulverized by the vertical pulverizer 1 into a fine powder is put into a granulator 90 to be pelletized. Although a perspective view is shown in FIG. 5, in this embodiment, a roll type pellet apparatus having a simple structure is used as the granulator 90.
The reason for pelletizing woody biomass is for the purpose of improving storage efficiency and transportation efficiency. Usually, woody biomass that has been finely pulverized from woody biomass fuel in pellet form is used. Since it is easier to burn, in this production system, after pelletization, after transporting to a power plant, the pellet is crushed and re-combusted again into a fine powder that is easy to burn. Therefore, in this production system, it is preferable not to use a strong molding aid or the like when pelletizing, and it is possible to obtain a pellet in a state that can be crushed immediately if necessary with an appropriate amount of hydrogenation or the like. preferable.

  The woody biomass that has been crushed and finely ground again burns in a boiler or the like as woody biomass fuel.

Hereinafter, one example of a preferred embodiment will be briefly described below regarding the operating state of the woody biomass production system according to the present invention using the system of FIG.

Wood biomass such as construction waste timber and thinned wood that have been collected up to the garbage incineration plant 100 by means of transportation such as trucks is put into the primary crusher 40 to a size that can be put into the carbonization furnace 50. Crush.
In the present embodiment, the thinned wood is crushed to a size of about 30 cm square so that it can be easily fed from the charging port of the carbonization furnace 50. (If the collected woody biomass has a shape and dimensions that can be charged into the carbonization furnace 50 without primary crushing, the primary crushing step may be omitted.)

As the next step, the crushed biomass is put into a carbonization furnace 50 and carbonized.
The carbonization conditions of the carbonization furnace 50 used at this time are not particularly limited depending on the type of woody biomass to be processed by the carbonization furnace 50, but are generally carbonized in the range of about 500 ° C to 600 ° C.
In this case, dry distillation gas is generated in the furnace tube 44 of the carbonization furnace 50 by heating the woody biomass. The dry distillation gas flows through the dry distillation gas supply pipe L, and is a boiler of the incinerator. It is used as fuel.

  After the carbonization, the woody biomass is taken out from the carbonization furnace 50 and then charged into the cooling device 60 and cooled to 100 ° C. or lower. The cooling temperature at this time may be a temperature at which the carbonized woody biomass can be charged into the preliminary pulverizer 70 without being oxidized even if it is put into the atmosphere.

The cooled woody biomass is put into the preliminary pulverizer 70 and pulverized to about 1 cm square. Then, the woody biomass pulverized by the preliminary pulverizer 70 is put into the centrifugal separator 80 to remove foreign substances such as metals. Here, the woody biomass after carbonization is very fragile and easily broken unlike the woody biomass before carbonization. Therefore, crushing and crushing are easy, and the metal foreign matter and the like that have been fixed can be easily separated in this step.

The woody biomass from which foreign matter has been removed is put into the vertical crusher 1 and crushed to a particle size suitable for combustion as a woody biomass fuel.
The particle size can be adjusted by changing the flow rate of the gas flowing to the vertical crusher 1, the pressing force of the crushing roller 3, the rotation speed of the rotary table 2, and the like.

In the next step, the finely ground woody biomass is put into a granulator 90 and transported to a power plant or the like in a pelletized state. In addition, the woody biomass is easy to be transported by reducing the volume or reducing the volume at the time of carbonization and pulverization, and an effect of improving transport efficiency can be expected.
In this embodiment, by further pelletizing it, the risk of dust explosion and the like is reduced, and handling is facilitated.

The pellet-like woody biomass transported to a power plant or the like is crushed by a crusher 150 installed in the power plant and is charged as fuel into a power generation boiler.
Here, since the woody biomass pulverized by the vertical pulverizer 1 is only granulated and aggregated, it can be easily pulverized by the pulverizer 150.

  According to the embodiment of the present invention, since the foreign material is removed after carbonized and pulverized the woody biomass, even a metal foreign material that has been screwed to the woody biomass such as waste wood can be easily used. It can be separated and removed as foreign matter.

Moreover, the foreign material adhering to the waste wood is not necessarily limited to that which can be separated by a magnet, and examples thereof include copper and ceramics (pottery and tiles). In this embodiment, a metal other than iron (copper, zinc, etc.) that cannot be separated by a magnet by using at least one of a classification device such as a wind type, a gravity type, or a centrifugal type as a foreign matter removing device. It is also possible to remove foreign substances such as ceramics (ceramics, tiles, etc.).

Further, as described above, the woody biomass before carbonization is not easy to transport because of its large volume.
In this embodiment, the woody biomass is carbonized using a waste incinerator widely installed in various places in Japan to save thermal energy during carbonization, and further, carbonization with poor transport efficiency. The transport distance of the previous woody biomass can be shortened and efficiently transported in a reduced volume, and the dry distillation gas generated during carbonization is sent to the waste incinerator boiler to produce fuel. Therefore, biomass fuel can be produced efficiently.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the structure of the manufacturing system of woody biomass fuel concerning embodiment of this invention. It is principal part sectional drawing for demonstrating the structure of the vertical crusher concerning embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view for explaining a primary crusher concerning an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a perspective view for explaining a carbonization furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view for explaining a granulator concerning an embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view for demonstrating the carbonization furnace structure in connection with embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical crusher 2 Table 3 Crushing roller 13 Chute 14 Separator 15 Dam ring 33 Gas inlet 35 Raw material inlet 39 Upper outlet 40 Primary crusher 50 Carbonization furnace 60 Cooling device 70 Preliminary crusher 80 Centrifuge (centrifugation) apparatus)
90 Granulator 100 Garbage incinerator 150 Crusher

Claims (2)

  A biomass fuel foreign matter removal system for removing foreign matter after carbonizing and grinding woody biomass in a fuel production system that carbonizes woody biomass and then crushes it into fuel. A biomass fuel foreign matter removal system for removing foreign matter using at least one of a wind classifier, a gravity classifier, or a centrifugal classifier after pulverizing the carbonaceous biomass after carbonization.

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