JP2007073481A - Discharge lamp - Google Patents

Discharge lamp Download PDF

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JP2007073481A
JP2007073481A JP2005262441A JP2005262441A JP2007073481A JP 2007073481 A JP2007073481 A JP 2007073481A JP 2005262441 A JP2005262441 A JP 2005262441A JP 2005262441 A JP2005262441 A JP 2005262441A JP 2007073481 A JP2007073481 A JP 2007073481A
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arc tube
oxide
discharge lamp
oxide layer
layer
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Seiichiro Fujioka
誠一郎 藤岡
Yasuhiro Mano
泰広 真野
Makoto Yoshimatsu
良 吉松
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Hotalux Ltd
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NEC Lighting Ltd
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Priority to JP2005262441A priority Critical patent/JP2007073481A/en
Priority to KR1020060086770A priority patent/KR20070029591A/en
Publication of JP2007073481A publication Critical patent/JP2007073481A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/38—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
    • H01J61/42—Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence
    • H01J61/44—Devices characterised by the luminescent material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/35—Vessels; Containers provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J65/00—Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
    • H01J65/04—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels
    • H01J65/042—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field
    • H01J65/046—Lamps in which a gas filling is excited to luminesce by an external electromagnetic field or by external corpuscular radiation, e.g. for indicating plasma display panels by an external electromagnetic field the field being produced by using capacitive means around the vessel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/20—Manufacture of screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored; Applying coatings to the vessel
    • H01J9/22—Applying luminescent coatings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve starting performance in a dark space while avoiding increase of leak current. <P>SOLUTION: The discharge lamp 1 has an external electrode 3 provided at each end outer periphery face of an arc tube 2 filled with argon and mercury, and comprises an oxide layer 6 provided at the inner circumference face of the arc tube 2 and a phosphor layer 7 laminated in the oxide layer 6. The oxide layer 6 consists of a mixture of zinc oxide and yttrium oxide, and the phosphor layer 7 is laminated in a region other than the region opposed to the external electrode 3 interposing the tube wall of the arc tube 2, out of the oxide layer 6. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、放電ランプに関するものであり、特に、発光管の外周面上に電極が設けられた外部電極型の放電ランプに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a discharge lamp, and more particularly to an external electrode type discharge lamp in which an electrode is provided on the outer peripheral surface of an arc tube.

一般的な放電ランプは、熱電子、光電子、高電界によって放出される電子、自然界の宇宙線に含まれる電子などを放電のきっかけとなる電子（初期電子）として利用している。従来の放電ランプのうち、光電子を初期電子として利用する放電ランプは、外部からの光が完全或いはほぼ完全に遮断された空間（暗黒空間）に設置されると、光電子はもちろん、宇宙線さえも届かなくなるため、始動（点灯）が困難、或いは不能になる。   A general discharge lamp uses thermal electrons, photoelectrons, electrons emitted by a high electric field, electrons contained in natural cosmic rays, and the like as electrons (initial electrons) that trigger discharge. Among conventional discharge lamps, discharge lamps that use photoelectrons as initial electrons are installed in a space (dark space) where light from the outside is completely or almost completely blocked, not only photoelectrons but also cosmic rays. Since it does not reach, starting (lighting) becomes difficult or impossible.

そこで、上記暗黒空間中における始動不良の解決を目的とした冷陰極蛍光灯が特許文献１に開示されている。特許文献１に開示されている冷陰極放電灯は、図３に示すように、バルブ２０の内面に、暗黒中に仕事関数以下の刺激エネルギーで電子を放出する電子放射物質層２１が設けられ、この電子放射物質層２１がけい光体被膜２２を覆わずに放電空間２３に露出していることを特徴とする。そして、特許文献１によれば、該文献に開示されている冷陰極放電灯では、電子放射物質層２１から電子が放出されるので、暗黒空間中においても始動性に優れる、とのことである。
特許第２７１４４７７号公報 Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a cold cathode fluorescent lamp for the purpose of solving the starting failure in the dark space. As shown in FIG. 3, the cold cathode discharge lamp disclosed in Patent Document 1 is provided with an electron emitting material layer 21 that emits electrons with stimulation energy lower than the work function in the dark on the inner surface of the bulb 20, The electron emitting material layer 21 is exposed to the discharge space 23 without covering the phosphor film 22. According to Patent Document 1, in the cold cathode discharge lamp disclosed in the document, electrons are emitted from the electron emissive material layer 21, and thus the startability is excellent even in a dark space. .
Japanese Patent No. 2714477

しかし、外部電極型放電ランプに、特許文献１記載の技術を適用するに当たっては、次のような問題があった。すなわち、特許文献１に記載されているような内部電極型放電ランプ（冷陰極放電ランプ）では、発光管の内部両端に設置された電極（冷陰極）に電圧を印加することによって、両端の電極間に放電を生じさせる。一方、外部電極型放電ランプは、発光管の外周面に設けられた電極（外部電極）に電圧を印加することによって、発光管内部に放電を生じさせる。換言すれば、外部電極を介して発光管に電圧を印加し、発光管内部に放電を生じさせる。要するに、外部電極型放電ランプでは、発光管そのものが電極として機能していると言っても過言ではない。従って、発光管の内周面に設けられる電子放射物質の物性によっては、該物質がバイパスとなって漏れ電流が増加し、輝度低下を招来する虞がある。   However, when the technique described in Patent Document 1 is applied to the external electrode type discharge lamp, there are the following problems. That is, in an internal electrode type discharge lamp (cold cathode discharge lamp) as described in Patent Document 1, a voltage is applied to electrodes (cold cathodes) installed at both ends inside the arc tube, so that electrodes at both ends are applied. An electric discharge is generated between them. On the other hand, the external electrode type discharge lamp generates a discharge inside the arc tube by applying a voltage to an electrode (external electrode) provided on the outer peripheral surface of the arc tube. In other words, a voltage is applied to the arc tube via the external electrode to cause discharge inside the arc tube. In short, it is no exaggeration to say that in the external electrode type discharge lamp, the arc tube itself functions as an electrode. Therefore, depending on the physical properties of the electron emitting material provided on the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube, the material may be bypassed to increase the leakage current, leading to a decrease in luminance.

本発明の目的は、漏れ電流増加による輝度低下を回避しつつ、外部電極型放電ランプの暗黒空間における始動性を向上させることである。   An object of the present invention is to improve startability in a dark space of an external electrode type discharge lamp while avoiding a decrease in luminance due to an increase in leakage current.

本発明は、発光管の内周面上に、酸化亜鉛と酸化イットリウムとの混合物からなる酸化物層を設けたことを最大の特徴とする。具体的には、少なくとも希ガス及び水銀が封入された発光管の両端外周面上に電極が設けられた放電ランプであって、前記発光管の内周面に設けられた酸化物層と、前記酸化物層に積層された蛍光体層とを有し、前記酸化物層は、酸化亜鉛と酸化イットリウムとの混合物からなり、前記蛍光体層は、前記酸化物層のうち、前記発光管の管壁を挟んで前記電極と対向する領域以外の領域に積層されていることを特徴とする。   The present invention is characterized in that an oxide layer made of a mixture of zinc oxide and yttrium oxide is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube. Specifically, a discharge lamp in which electrodes are provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of an arc tube in which at least a rare gas and mercury are sealed, the oxide layer provided on the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube, A phosphor layer laminated on an oxide layer, wherein the oxide layer is made of a mixture of zinc oxide and yttrium oxide, and the phosphor layer is a tube of the arc tube among the oxide layers. It is characterized by being laminated in a region other than the region facing the electrode across the wall.

また、本発明の放電ランプの他の一つは、少なくとも希ガス及び水銀が封入された発光管の両端外周面上に電極が設けられた放電ランプであって、前記発光管の内周面うち、前記発光管の管壁を挟んで前記電極と対向する領域に設けられた２つの酸化物層と、前記発光管の内周面うち、前記２つの酸化物層の間の領域に形成された蛍光体層とを有し、前記酸化物層は、酸化亜鉛と酸化イットリウムとの混合物からなることを特徴とする。   Another one of the discharge lamps according to the present invention is a discharge lamp in which electrodes are provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of an arc tube in which at least a rare gas and mercury are sealed. And two oxide layers provided in a region facing the electrode across the tube wall of the arc tube, and an inner peripheral surface of the arc tube formed in a region between the two oxide layers. A phosphor layer, and the oxide layer is made of a mixture of zinc oxide and yttrium oxide.

上記特徴を有する本発明の放電ランプでは、酸化物層に含まれる酸化亜鉛から放電のきっかけとなる初期電子が常時放出される。さらに、酸化物層の抵抗値が該酸化物層に含まれる酸化イットリウムによって増大される。   In the discharge lamp of the present invention having the above characteristics, initial electrons that trigger discharge are always emitted from zinc oxide contained in the oxide layer. Furthermore, the resistance value of the oxide layer is increased by yttrium oxide contained in the oxide layer.

本発明によれば、漏れ電流の増加という弊害を回避しつつ、暗黒空間における放電ランプの始動性を向上させることができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the startability of the discharge lamp in a dark space can be improved, avoiding the bad effect of increase in leakage current.

以下、本発明の放電ランプの実施形態の一例について、図１を参照しながら説明する。本例の放電ランプ１は、発光管２の両端外周面上に外部電極３が設けられた外部電極型蛍光ランプ（External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp）である。   Hereinafter, an example of an embodiment of a discharge lamp of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The discharge lamp 1 of this example is an external electrode fluorescent lamp in which external electrodes 3 are provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of the arc tube 2.

発光管２は、外径が数mm〜十数mmのガラス製の直管であり、硼・珪酸ガラス、鉛ガラス、ソーダガラス、低鉛ガラスなどによって形成されている。発光管２の両端は気密に封止され、その内部空間４には、水銀と希ガス（アルゴン、又はアルゴンとネオンの混合ガス）とが所定量封入されている。また、内部空間４内の圧力は、大気圧の十分の一程度に減圧されている。   The arc tube 2 is a straight glass tube having an outer diameter of several mm to several tens of mm, and is made of boro-silicate glass, lead glass, soda glass, low lead glass, or the like. Both ends of the arc tube 2 are hermetically sealed, and a predetermined amount of mercury and rare gas (argon or a mixed gas of argon and neon) is sealed in the internal space 4 thereof. Moreover, the pressure in the internal space 4 is reduced to about one tenth of the atmospheric pressure.

外部電極３は、所定幅のアルミニウムテープを発光管２の外周面に巻き付けることによって形成されているが、外部電極３の材料や形成方法は、特に限定されない。尚、本発明においては、便宜上、発光管２の外周面のうち、外部電極３が設けられている領域を「電極設置面５」と称する。   The external electrode 3 is formed by winding an aluminum tape having a predetermined width around the outer peripheral surface of the arc tube 2, but the material and forming method of the external electrode 3 are not particularly limited. In the present invention, for convenience, a region of the outer peripheral surface of the arc tube 2 where the external electrode 3 is provided is referred to as an “electrode installation surface 5”.

発光管２の内周面には、該発光管２のほぼ全長に亘って、酸化亜鉛（ZnO）と酸化イットリウム（Y2O3）との混合物からなる酸化物層６が形成されている。図１から明らかなように、発光管２の軸方向における酸化物層６の一端６ａは、隣接する外部電極３ａの端部と一致し、他端６ｂは、隣接する他の外部電極３ｂの端部と一致している。すなわち、本例おいて、発光管２のほぼ全長とは、一方の外部電極３ａの端部から他方の外部電極３ｂの端部までの距離Ｌを意味する。もっとも、本発明においては、酸化物層６と外部電極３とが発光管２の管壁を挟んで重なっていれば良く、酸化物層６の端部と外部電極３の端部とが一致していることは必ずしも必要ではない。 An oxide layer 6 made of a mixture of zinc oxide (ZnO) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube 2 over almost the entire length of the arc tube 2. As is apparent from FIG. 1, one end 6a of the oxide layer 6 in the axial direction of the arc tube 2 coincides with the end of the adjacent external electrode 3a, and the other end 6b is the end of another adjacent external electrode 3b. Is consistent with the department. In other words, in this example, the substantially total length of the arc tube 2 means the distance L from the end of one external electrode 3a to the end of the other external electrode 3b. However, in the present invention, the oxide layer 6 and the external electrode 3 need only overlap with each other across the tube wall of the arc tube 2, and the end of the oxide layer 6 and the end of the external electrode 3 coincide. It is not always necessary.

ここで、酸化物層６に含まれる酸化亜鉛からは常時電子が放出されている。よって、本例における放電ランプ１では、暗黒空間中においても、酸化物層６中の酸化亜鉛から放出される電子を初期電子として放電が瞬時に開始される。加えて、酸化物層６には、酸化イットリウムが含まれている。このことは、酸化物層６の抵抗値が、半導体的な物性を有する酸化亜鉛のみによって形成された酸化物層に比べて大幅に増大していることを意味する。総じて、本例の放電ランプ１では、漏れ電流の増加による輝度低下が回避されつつ、始動性が向上されており、暗黒空間においても、電圧印加と同時に放電が開始される（放電ランプが点灯する）。   Here, electrons are always emitted from the zinc oxide contained in the oxide layer 6. Therefore, in the discharge lamp 1 in this example, even in the dark space, the discharge is instantly started using the electrons emitted from the zinc oxide in the oxide layer 6 as initial electrons. In addition, the oxide layer 6 contains yttrium oxide. This means that the resistance value of the oxide layer 6 is significantly increased as compared with an oxide layer formed only of zinc oxide having semiconductor properties. In general, in the discharge lamp 1 of this example, startability is improved while avoiding a decrease in luminance due to an increase in leakage current, and discharge is started simultaneously with voltage application even in a dark space (the discharge lamp is turned on). ).

再び図１を参照すると、酸化物層６の上には、蛍光体層７が積層されている。具体的には、発光管２の管壁を挟んで電極設置面５と対向する酸化物層６の一部領域を避けて蛍光体層７が積層されている。換言すれば、酸化物層６の表面は、発光管２の管壁を挟んで電極設置面５と対向する一部領域を除いて蛍光体層７に覆われており、該領域以外は発光管２の内部空間４に露出していない。   Referring to FIG. 1 again, a phosphor layer 7 is laminated on the oxide layer 6. Specifically, the phosphor layer 7 is laminated while avoiding a partial region of the oxide layer 6 facing the electrode installation surface 5 across the tube wall of the arc tube 2. In other words, the surface of the oxide layer 6 is covered with the phosphor layer 7 except for a partial region facing the electrode installation surface 5 across the tube wall of the arc tube 2, and the arc tube other than the region is covered with the phosphor layer 7. 2 is not exposed in the internal space 4.

ここで、発光管に水銀が封入されている放電ランプでは、発光管の内周面に形成されている発光体層やその他の層に水銀が吸着されて消耗することが知られている。さらに、前記水銀の吸着現象は、電極に近い位置でより顕著に現れることが知られている。この点、本例の放電ランプ１では、発光管２の内部空間４に露出している酸化物層６の一部領域（蛍光体層７に被覆されていない領域）が外部電極３に最も近接しており、前記水銀の吸着現象が現れ易い。しかし、酸化物層６には、前記の通り、酸化イットリウムが含まれており、この酸化イットリウムによって前記水銀の吸着が防止される。すなわち、酸化イットリウムは、酸化物層６の抵抗値を増大させる役割に加えて、酸化物層６に水銀が吸着されることを防止する保護物質としての役割をも担っている。   Here, in a discharge lamp in which mercury is sealed in an arc tube, it is known that mercury is adsorbed and consumed by a luminous body layer and other layers formed on the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube. Furthermore, it is known that the mercury adsorption phenomenon appears more remarkably near the electrode. In this respect, in the discharge lamp 1 of this example, a partial region of the oxide layer 6 exposed to the internal space 4 of the arc tube 2 (region not covered by the phosphor layer 7) is closest to the external electrode 3. The mercury adsorption phenomenon is likely to appear. However, as described above, the oxide layer 6 contains yttrium oxide, and the adsorption of the mercury is prevented by the yttrium oxide. That is, yttrium oxide plays a role as a protective substance for preventing mercury from being adsorbed on the oxide layer 6 in addition to increasing the resistance value of the oxide layer 6.

図１には、発光管２のほぼ全長に亘って酸化物層６が形成されている例を示した。しかし、本発明の放電ランプには、図２に示すように、発光管２の内周面のうち、電極設置面５と対向する領域にのみ酸化物層６が形成され、それ以外の領域に蛍光体層７が形成された放電ランプも含まれる。換言すれば、発光管２の軸方向中央部分に蛍光体層７が形成され、該蛍光体層７の両外側（発光管２の両端部側）に酸化物層６が形成された放電ランプも含まれる。この場合、酸化物層６と蛍光体層７とは積層されず、酸化物層６及び蛍光体層７のそれぞれが発光管２の内周面上に直接形成されることとなる。   FIG. 1 shows an example in which the oxide layer 6 is formed over almost the entire length of the arc tube 2. However, in the discharge lamp of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the oxide layer 6 is formed only in the region facing the electrode installation surface 5 in the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube 2, and in the other regions. A discharge lamp in which the phosphor layer 7 is formed is also included. In other words, there is also a discharge lamp in which the phosphor layer 7 is formed in the central portion of the arc tube 2 in the axial direction, and the oxide layers 6 are formed on both outer sides of the phosphor layer 7 (both ends of the arc tube 2). included. In this case, the oxide layer 6 and the phosphor layer 7 are not laminated, and each of the oxide layer 6 and the phosphor layer 7 is directly formed on the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube 2.

本発明の放電ランプの実施形態の一例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows an example of embodiment of the discharge lamp of this invention. 本発明の放電ランプの実施形態の他例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of embodiment of the discharge lamp of this invention. 従来の放電ランプの一例を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the conventional discharge lamp.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 放電ランプ
２ 発光管
３ 外部電極
４ 内部空間
５ 電極設置面
６ 酸化物層
７ 蛍光体層 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Discharge lamp 2 Arc tube 3 External electrode 4 Internal space 5 Electrode installation surface 6 Oxide layer 7 Phosphor layer

Claims (2)

少なくとも希ガス及び水銀が封入された発光管の両端外周面上に電極が設けられた放電ランプであって、
前記発光管の内周面に設けられた酸化物層と、前記酸化物層に積層された蛍光体層とを有し、
前記酸化物層は、酸化亜鉛と酸化イットリウムとの混合物からなり、
前記蛍光体層は、前記酸化物層のうち、前記発光管の管壁を挟んで前記電極と対向する領域以外の領域に積層されている、
放電ランプ。 A discharge lamp in which electrodes are provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of an arc tube filled with at least a rare gas and mercury,
An oxide layer provided on the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube, and a phosphor layer laminated on the oxide layer,
The oxide layer is made of a mixture of zinc oxide and yttrium oxide,
The phosphor layer is laminated in a region other than the region facing the electrode across the tube wall of the arc tube in the oxide layer.
Discharge lamp. 少なくとも希ガス及び水銀が封入された発光管の両端外周面上に電極が設けられた放電ランプであって、
前記発光管の内周面うち、前記発光管の管壁を挟んで前記電極と対向する領域に設けられた２つの酸化物層と、
前記発光管の内周面うち、前記２つの酸化物層の間の領域に形成された蛍光体層と、を有し、
前記酸化物層は、酸化亜鉛と酸化イットリウムとの混合物からなる、
放電ランプ。 A discharge lamp in which electrodes are provided on the outer peripheral surfaces of both ends of an arc tube filled with at least a rare gas and mercury,
Of the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube, two oxide layers provided in a region facing the electrode across the tube wall of the arc tube,
A phosphor layer formed in a region between the two oxide layers of the inner peripheral surface of the arc tube,
The oxide layer is made of a mixture of zinc oxide and yttrium oxide.
Discharge lamp.
JP2005262441A 2005-09-09 2005-09-09 Discharge lamp Pending JP2007073481A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP2005262441A JP2007073481A (en) 2005-09-09 2005-09-09 Discharge lamp
KR1020060086770A KR20070029591A (en) 2005-09-09 2006-09-08 Discharge lamp

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009200037A (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-09-03 Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp Outer face electrode discharge lamp
CN101635248A (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-27 Nec照明株式会社 External electrode fluorescent lamps and device of using the same

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000077033A (en) * 1998-06-16 2000-03-14 Harison Electric Co Ltd Fluorescent lamp and lighting system
JP2003091007A (en) * 2001-09-18 2003-03-28 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display device
JP2004022209A (en) * 2002-06-12 2004-01-22 Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp Low-pressure discharge lamp
WO2007000859A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2007-01-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Fluorescent lamp, backlight unit and liquid crystal television

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000077033A (en) * 1998-06-16 2000-03-14 Harison Electric Co Ltd Fluorescent lamp and lighting system
JP2003091007A (en) * 2001-09-18 2003-03-28 Hitachi Ltd Liquid crystal display device
JP2004022209A (en) * 2002-06-12 2004-01-22 Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp Low-pressure discharge lamp
WO2007000859A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2007-01-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Fluorescent lamp, backlight unit and liquid crystal television

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009200037A (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-09-03 Harison Toshiba Lighting Corp Outer face electrode discharge lamp
CN101635248A (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-01-27 Nec照明株式会社 External electrode fluorescent lamps and device of using the same

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