JP2006284928A - Liquid crystal display device, method for manufacturing liquid crystal display device, and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display device which has red, green, and blue color filters, and for which optical compensation equivalent among regions corresponding to the color filters with the three colors is possible, a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, and an electronic apparatus equipped with the liquid crystal display device. <P>SOLUTION: In the liquid crystal device 1, which has a glass substrate 11, a glass substrate 12, a liquid crystal layer 33 sealed in between the glass substrates, an upper polarizing plate 56 and a lower polarizing plate 57 placed so as to interpose the glass substrates, the red, green, and blue color filters 31R, 31G, 31B disposed on the opposing surface of the glass substrate 12, and a twist retardation plate 50 disposed on the opposing surface of the glass substrate 11, the twist retardation plate 50 has a relation of Rr>Rg>Rb between retardation values Rr, Rg, Rb in regions respectively corresponding to the color filters 31R, 31G, 31B. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that performs optical compensation using a twisted phase difference plate, a manufacturing method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, and an electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal display device.

  One liquid crystal display device performs optical compensation using a twisted phase difference plate, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228707. Here, the twisted phase difference plate is a film-like phase difference plate formed by fixing liquid crystal molecules that are nematically aligned, and between a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal panel in which liquid crystal is sealed between a pair of glass substrates. Used to arrange. The liquid crystal display device in which the twisted phase difference plate and the polarizing plate are appropriately arranged has a high contrast in which the coloring of the display light due to the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer is compensated by the twisted phase difference plate, and the black and white display is not colored. A bright display can be performed.

  For example, when the liquid crystal panel is of a reflective type and the liquid crystal mode is STN, the result of compensating the liquid crystal layer at the time of black display with a twisted phase difference plate is substantially equivalent to that of a quarter wavelength plate. The twisted phase difference plate is arranged so that the result of compensating the liquid crystal layer during white display with the twisted phase difference plate is substantially the same as that of the half-wave plate. If a polarizing plate is appropriately arranged on the liquid crystal panel having such a configuration, a liquid crystal display device capable of performing a high-contrast and bright display without coloring white and black displays can be obtained.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-153791

  However, unless a liquid crystal layer having an appropriate wavelength dispersion and a twisted phase difference plate are used in combination, the above-described compensation result slightly differs depending on the wavelength of light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer and the twisted phase difference plate. For this reason, in a liquid crystal display device having red, green, and blue color filters, compensation results may differ between regions corresponding to the three color filters. Due to this difference, there are problems that coloring of white and black displays and deterioration of display characteristics such as reduction of contrast or luminance occur.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and one of its purposes is in a liquid crystal display device having red, green, and blue color filters, between regions corresponding to the three color filters. It is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of equivalent optical compensation, a manufacturing method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device, and an electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal display device.

  A first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate; Corresponding to each of red, green, and blue, disposed in one layer between the first polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of one substrate and the first substrate and the second substrate. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a color filter layer including a color filter; and a twisted phase difference plate disposed in any layer between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizing plate, wherein the twisted phase difference plate Includes a first twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rr disposed in a region corresponding to the red color filter, and a second phase difference Rg disposed in a region corresponding to the green color filter. In the region corresponding to the twisted retardation layer and the blue color filter And a third twisted retardation layer having a location phase difference Rb, the phase difference Rr, Rg, Rb is characterized by having a relationship Rr> Rg> Rb.

  Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, a region corresponding to a red color filter is referred to as a red region, a region corresponding to a green color filter is referred to as a green region, and a region corresponding to a blue color filter is referred to as a blue region. Light that passes through the red region is red light that contains a lot of light in the long wavelength region, light that passes through the green region is green light that contains a lot of light in the intermediate wavelength region, and light that passes through the blue region is light in the short wavelength region. Blue light containing a lot of light. According to the above configuration, the light transmitted through the red, green, and blue color regions is transmitted through the first twisted phase difference layer and the second twisted phase difference having the phase differences Rr, Rg, and Rb, respectively. By the layer and the third twisted phase difference layer, the phase difference is compensated with the phase difference of the long wavelength region, the intermediate wavelength region, and the short wavelength region in each phase difference spectrum. Here, the phase differences Rr, Rg, and Rb are values at 550 nm in the phase difference spectrum of each twisted phase difference layer, and have a relationship of Rr> Rg> Rb. According to such a configuration, even when the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of each twisted phase difference layer does not match that of the liquid crystal layer, each light having a different wavelength range transmitted through each color region is appropriately displayed. Compensation can be made with a phase difference. Here, “appropriate” means that the liquid crystal layer conforms to the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference, that is, equivalent optical compensation is performed at any wavelength (the same applies hereinafter). As described above, the liquid crystal display device having the above-described configuration can perform equivalent optical compensation between regions corresponding to the color filters of red, green, and blue.

  A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer comprising: a first polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the first substrate; a red disposed on any layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; A liquid crystal display device having a color filter layer including color filters corresponding to green and blue, and a twisted phase difference plate disposed in any layer between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizing plate. The twisted retardation plate corresponds to the first twisted phase difference layer having a wavelength dispersion of WDr disposed in a region corresponding to the red color filter and the green color filter. The second wavelength distribution is WDg, which is arranged in the region. A twist phase difference layer, and a third twisted phase difference layer having a wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of WDb, which is disposed in a region corresponding to the blue color filter, and the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference WDr, WDg, WDb is characterized by having a relationship of WDr> WDg> WDb.

  According to the above configuration, the light transmitted through each of the red, green, and blue color regions has the first twisted phase difference layer, the second twisted phase difference layer having the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of WDr, WDg, and WDb in the twisted phase difference plate, respectively. By the twisted phase difference layer and the third twisted phase difference layer, compensation is performed with the phase difference of the long wavelength region, the intermediate wavelength region, and the short wavelength region in each phase difference spectrum. Here, chromatic dispersion WDr, WDg, and WDb are ratios of the phase difference at 450 nm to the phase difference at 590 nm, and have a relationship of WDr> WDg> WDb. According to such a configuration, even when the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of each twisted phase difference layer does not match that of the liquid crystal layer, each light having a different wavelength range transmitted through each color region is appropriately displayed. Compensation can be made with a phase difference. As described above, the liquid crystal display device having the above-described configuration can perform equivalent optical compensation between regions corresponding to the color filters of red, green, and blue.

  A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer comprising: a first polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the first substrate; a red disposed on any layer between the first substrate and the second substrate; A liquid crystal display device having a color filter layer including color filters corresponding to green and blue, and a twisted phase difference plate disposed in any layer between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizing plate. The twisted phase difference plate is disposed in a region corresponding to the red color filter, the first twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle Tr, and a region corresponding to the blue color filter. In addition, it has a twist angle Tb different from the twist angle Tr. A third twisted phase difference layer, and a second twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle Tg between the twist angle Tr and the twist angle Tb, disposed in a region corresponding to the green color filter. It is characterized by including.

  According to the above configuration, the light transmitted through each of the red, green, and blue color regions is transmitted through the first twisted phase difference layer and the second twisted position in which the twist angles of the twisted phase difference plates are Tr, Tg, and Tb, respectively. By the phase difference layer and the third twisted phase difference layer, compensation is performed with the phase differences of the long wavelength region, the intermediate wavelength region, and the short wavelength region in each phase difference spectrum. Here, since the twist angles Tr, Tg, and Tb have a relationship such that Tg is an angle between Tr and Tb, the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of each twisted phase difference layer is adapted to the liquid crystal layer. Even if not, it is possible to compensate each light having a different wavelength range transmitted through each color region with an appropriate phase difference. As described above, the liquid crystal display device having the above-described configuration can perform equivalent optical compensation between regions corresponding to the color filters of red, green, and blue.

  A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate. A liquid crystal layer comprising: a first polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the first substrate; and a plurality of colors disposed in any layer between the first substrate and the second substrate A color filter layer including a color filter corresponding to each of the liquid crystal display device, and a twisted phase difference plate disposed in any layer between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizing plate, The twisted phase difference plate is disposed in a region corresponding to one color filter of the plurality of colors, and has a first twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference corresponding to the color of the color filter, and the plurality of colors of the plurality of colors. It corresponds to the color filter of the color different from the one color Disposed band, characterized in that it comprises a second twisted retardation layer having a phase difference corresponding to the color of the color filter.

  The liquid crystal display device may include a second polarizing plate disposed on the back side of the second substrate. According to this, a transmissive liquid crystal display device can be configured.

  Here, it is preferable that the twisted phase difference plate is formed on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate. According to such a configuration, the first twist phase difference layer, the second twist phase difference layer, and the third twist position of the respective color filters of red, green, and blue and the corresponding twist phase difference plate. Since the phase difference layer is disposed in the vicinity, the light transmitted through the red, green, and blue color filter layers does not enter the twisted phase difference layer that does not correspond thereto. Therefore, characteristic degradation due to parallax can be suppressed.

  An electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the above-described liquid crystal display device. Such an electronic device can perform display by a liquid crystal display device capable of performing equivalent optical compensation between regions corresponding to the respective color filters of red, green, and blue, so that high display quality is achieved. Can be realized.

  A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, and each of red, green, and blue is formed on the second substrate. A first step of forming a color filter layer including a corresponding color filter; a first twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rr; a second twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rg smaller than the phase difference Rr; When the third twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rb smaller than the phase difference Rg is bonded to the second substrate on the first substrate, the color filter corresponding to the red color is opposed to the second twisted phase difference layer. A second step of forming a twisted phase difference plate disposed in each of a region, a region facing the color filter corresponding to green, and a region facing the color filter corresponding to blue; and the first base And the second substrate are bonded together with the surface on which the color filter layer is formed and the surface on which the twisted phase difference plate is formed facing each other, the first substrate and the second substrate And a fourth step of sealing liquid crystal between the substrate and the substrate.

  According to the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device described above, each of the color filters corresponding to red, green, and blue has a first twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rr and a second twisted position having a phase difference Rg. A phase difference layer and a third twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rb are arranged to face each other. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the above method, the light transmitted through the color regions of red, green, and blue is the first twisted phase difference layer having the phase differences Rr, Rg, and Rb among the twisted phase difference plates, respectively. The second twisted phase difference layer and the third twisted phase difference layer compensate for the phase difference in the long wavelength region, the intermediate wavelength region, and the short wavelength region in each phase difference spectrum. Here, the phase differences Rr, Rg, and Rb are values at 550 nm in the phase difference spectrum of each twisted phase difference layer, and have a relationship of Rr> Rg> Rb. According to such a configuration, even when the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of each twisted phase difference layer does not match that of the liquid crystal layer, each light having a different wavelength range transmitted through each color region is appropriately displayed. Compensation can be made with a phase difference. From the above, according to the above method, it is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display device capable of performing equivalent optical compensation between the regions corresponding to the red, green, and blue color filters.

  A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, and each of red, green, and blue is formed on the second substrate. A first step of forming a color filter layer including a corresponding color filter, a first twisted phase difference layer having a wavelength dispersion WDr of a phase difference, and a second twisted position having a wavelength dispersion WDg smaller than the wavelength dispersion WDr A color filter corresponding to red when a phase difference layer and a third twisted phase difference layer having a wavelength dispersion WDb smaller than the wavelength dispersion WDg are bonded to the second substrate on the first substrate The twisted phase difference plate is formed by disposing each in a region facing the color filter corresponding to green, a region facing the color filter corresponding to green, and a region facing the color filter corresponding to blue. And a third step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate with the surface on which the color filter layer is formed and the surface on which the twisted phase difference plate is formed facing each other, And a fourth step of sealing liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate.

  According to the above-described method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, each of the color filters corresponding to red, green, and blue has a first twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference of WDr and a wavelength difference of the phase difference of WDr. A second twisted phase difference layer having a WDg and a third twisted phase difference layer having a chromatic dispersion of the phase difference of WDb are arranged to face each other. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the above method, the light transmitted through the respective color regions of red, green, and blue is the first in which the wavelength dispersion of the retardation is WDr, WDg, WDb among the twisted retardation plates. By the twisted phase difference layer, the second twisted phase difference layer, and the third twisted phase difference layer, compensation is performed with the phase difference of the long wavelength region, the intermediate wavelength region, and the short wavelength region in each phase difference spectrum. Here, chromatic dispersion WDr, WDg, and WDb are ratios of the phase difference at 450 nm to the phase difference at 590 nm, and have a relationship of WDr> WDg> WDb. According to such a configuration, even when the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of each twisted phase difference layer does not match that of the liquid crystal layer, each light having a different wavelength range transmitted through each color region is appropriately displayed. Compensation can be made with a phase difference. From the above, according to the above method, it is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display device capable of performing equivalent optical compensation between the regions corresponding to the red, green, and blue color filters.

  A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, and each of red, green, and blue is formed on the second substrate. A first step of forming a color filter layer including a corresponding color filter; a first twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle Tr; a third twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle Tb different from the twist angle Tr; When the second twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle Tg between the twist angle Tr and the twist angle Tb is bonded to the second substrate on the first substrate, the second twist phase difference layer turns red. A twisted phase difference plate is formed by disposing each in a region facing the corresponding color filter, a region facing the color filter corresponding to blue, and a region facing the color filter corresponding to green. And a second step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate with the surface on which the color filter layer is formed and the surface on which the twisted phase difference plate is formed facing each other. And a fourth step of sealing liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate.

  According to the above-described method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, each of the color filters corresponding to red, green, and blue includes the first twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle of Tr and the second twisted angle of Tg. A twisted phase difference layer and a third twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle of Tb are arranged to face each other. Therefore, in the liquid crystal display device manufactured by the above method, the light transmitted through each color region of red, green, and blue is the first twisted phase difference whose twist angle is Tr, Tg, Tb among the twisted phase difference plates. By the layer, the second twisted phase difference layer, and the third twisted phase difference layer, the phase difference of the long wavelength region, the intermediate wavelength region, and the short wavelength region in each phase difference spectrum is compensated. Here, since the twist angles Tr, Tg, and Tb have a relationship such that Tg is an angle between Tr and Tb, the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of each twisted phase difference layer is adapted to the liquid crystal layer. Even if not, it is possible to compensate each light having a different wavelength range transmitted through each color region with an appropriate phase difference. From the above, according to the above method, it is possible to manufacture a liquid crystal display device capable of performing equivalent optical compensation between the regions corresponding to the red, green, and blue color filters.

  Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
(A. Mechanism of liquid crystal display device)
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a liquid crystal display device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal display device 1 is a passive matrix liquid crystal display device having an STN liquid crystal layer, and includes a glass substrate 11 as a “first substrate”, a glass substrate 12 as a “second substrate”, and a sealing agent 35. The driver 41 is included. The glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 12 are bonded to each other with the sealant 35 interposed therebetween, and the observer observes the display from the glass substrate 11 side. An upper polarizing plate 56 is further attached to the observation side surface of the glass substrate 11, and a quarter wavelength plate 55 and a lower polarizing plate 57 are further attached to the rear side surface of the glass substrate 12 (see FIG. 3). Is not drawn. Liquid crystal is sealed in a space surrounded by the glass substrate 11, the glass substrate 12, and the sealant 35, and the liquid crystal forms a liquid crystal layer 33 (see FIG. 3). Here, since the glass substrate 12 is larger than the glass substrate 11, a part of the glass substrate 12 does not face the glass substrate 11 when bonded to the glass substrate 11. This part of the glass substrate 12 that does not face the glass substrate 11 is also referred to as a “mounting base” below. A driver 41 is mounted on the mounting base. Various electrodes are arranged on the opposing surfaces of the glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 12 (see FIG. 2). The driver 41 transmits a voltage signal necessary for driving the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal layer 33 to these electrodes.

  Hereinafter, the Z axis is parallel to the normal of the surface of the glass substrate 11, and the direction from the glass substrate 11 toward the glass substrate 12 is the positive direction of the Z axis. Further, the X axis is taken along the long side of the driver 41, and the Y axis is taken in a direction orthogonal to the X axis.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the arrangement of electrodes and wirings on the glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 12. All of these electrodes and wirings are formed on the surface of the glass substrate 11 facing the glass substrate 12 or the surface of the glass substrate 12 facing the glass substrate 11. In FIG. 2, for convenience of explanation, these electrodes and wiring are all represented by solid lines.

  A scanning electrode 23 is formed on the surface of the glass substrate 11 facing the glass substrate 12, and a data electrode 21, a lead wiring 22, and an input line 25 are formed on the surface of the glass substrate 12 facing the glass substrate 11. Has been.

  The data electrode 21 is a transparent electrode made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). The data electrode 21 is arranged in parallel to the Y axis except for a region near the driver 41 and is electrically connected to the output terminal of the driver 41 at one end. The lead wiring 22 is a wiring made of ITO arranged in the vicinity of two sides parallel to the Y axis of the glass substrate 12, and is electrically connected to the output terminal of the driver 41 at one end. At the other end of the routing wiring 22, a part for conducting with the scanning electrode 23 on the glass substrate 11 is provided, and this part is wider than other parts. The input line 25 is a wiring made of ITO and is electrically connected to the input terminal of the driver 41. The input line 25 transmits a voltage signal from an external circuit such as a control circuit and a voltage generation circuit (not shown) to the input terminal of the driver 41.

  The scanning electrode 23 arranged on the surface of the glass substrate 11 is a transparent electrode made of ITO arranged in a strip shape parallel to the X axis. The scanning electrode 23 and the data electrode 21 are orthogonal to each other when viewed from the Z-axis direction. A region where one scan electrode 23 and one data electrode 21 overlap each other when viewed from the Z-axis direction is defined as one pixel 20. The pixels 20 are arranged so as to form a matrix corresponding to the intersection of the scanning electrode 23 and the data electrode 21.

  At one end portion of the scanning electrode 23, a portion for conducting with the routing wiring 22 on the glass substrate 12 is provided, and this portion is wider than other regions. Hereinafter, the portion of the scanning electrode 23 for conducting with the routing wiring 22 and the portion of the leading wiring 22 for conducting with the scanning electrode 23 are also referred to as “vertical conducting region”. In addition, taking electrical conduction between the routing wiring 22 and the scanning electrode 23 in the vertical conduction region is also referred to as “vertical conduction”. Each of the scanning electrodes 23 and the routing wirings 22 has a one-to-one correspondence, and partially overlaps in the above-described vertical conduction region as seen from the Z-axis direction.

  FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device 1 taken along line AA in FIG. As shown in this figure, the glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 12 are fixed by a sealing agent 35 disposed in the vicinity of the outer edge portion of the opposing surface. The sealing agent 35 contains vertical conductive particles 36 having conductivity. The sealing agent 35 is also partially overlapped with the vertical conduction region, and the conductive particles 36 included in the sealing agent 35 arranged in the vertical conduction region electrically connect the scanning electrode 23 and the routing wiring 22. Responsible for vertical conduction.

  Due to the vertical conduction, the scanning electrode 23 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the driver 41 via the vertical conduction particles 36 and the routing wiring 22. In addition, as described above, the data electrode 21 is electrically connected directly to the output terminal of the driver 41. Under such a configuration, the driver 41 applies a scan voltage to the scan electrode 23 and also applies a data voltage to the data electrode 21. In the pixel 20 corresponding to the intersection of the scanning electrode 23 and the data electrode 21, a driving voltage determined by the difference between the scanning voltage and the data voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 33 sandwiched between these two electrodes.

  In addition, FIG. 3 shows components of the liquid crystal display device 1 laminated on the opposing surfaces of the glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 12. On the glass substrate 12, a reflection plate 37 having a transmission hole 38 is formed. The reflection plate 37 is a thin film made of aluminum, reflects light incident from the observation side on the surface and travels again to the observation side, and transmits light incident on the transmission hole 38 from the back side to the observation side.

  On the reflection plate 37, a red color filter 31R, a green color filter 31G, and a blue color filter 31B are arranged exclusively with each other to form one color filter layer 31. The color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B are resins that color transmitted light by absorbing a specific wavelength component of incident light. More specifically, each of the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B transmits a large amount of light in the long wavelength region, intermediate wavelength region, and short wavelength region of visible light. Hereinafter, on the XY plane, regions corresponding to the regions where the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B are formed are referred to as a red region 30R, a green region 30G, and a blue region 30B, respectively. The overcoat 32 laminated so as to cover the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B is a light-transmitting resin for the purpose of protecting the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B. The scanning electrode 23 described above is disposed so as to be laminated on the overcoat 32. An alignment film 34 made of polyimide is formed on the scan electrode 23.

  On the other hand, the twisted phase difference plate 50, the scanning electrode 23, and the alignment film 34 are laminated on the glass substrate 11 in this order. The twisted phase difference plate 50 is a film-like phase difference plate formed by fixing nematically aligned liquid crystal molecules. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining the structure of the twisted phase difference plate 50. As shown in this figure, the twisted phase difference plate 50 has liquid crystal molecules 502 regularly arranged on the base film 501. Each of the liquid crystal molecules 502 is disposed substantially parallel to the base film 501 and is twisted (twisted) as it proceeds in the normal direction of the base film 501. The twisted phase difference plate 50 in the liquid crystal display device 1 is obtained by fixing liquid crystal molecules 502 in a state where the twist angle is 180 degrees. Since the twisted phase difference plate 50 has birefringence similarly to the liquid crystal layer 33, the speed of light passing through the twisted phase difference plate 50 varies depending on the vibration direction. For this reason, the light incident on the twisted phase difference plate 50 is emitted with a phase difference between the light in a certain vibration direction and the light orthogonal thereto. In other words, the light incident on the twisted phase difference plate 50 is emitted in a polarization state different from that at the time of incidence corresponding to the phase difference of the twisted phase difference plate 50. The phase difference of the twisted phase difference plate 50 and the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference depend on the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecules 502, the twist angle, the layer thickness, and the like.

  The twisted phase difference plate 50 includes a twisted phase difference layer 50R serving as a “first twisted phase difference layer”, a twisted phase difference layer 50G serving as a “second twisted phase difference layer”, and a “third phase difference layer”. A twisted retardation layer 50B as a “twisted retardation layer” is exclusively arranged at positions corresponding to the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B, respectively. These positional relationships will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged plan view when the pixel 20 of the liquid crystal display device 1 is viewed from the negative direction of the Z-axis. A region where the scanning electrode 23 and the data electrode 21 intersect is a pixel 20, and a transmission hole 38 of a reflection plate 37 is disposed in each pixel 20. The red region 30 </ b> R corresponding to the formation region of the color filter 31 </ b> R is a band-like region corresponding to one data electrode 21. Similarly, the green region 30 </ b> G and the blue region 30 </ b> B are also strip-shaped regions corresponding to one data electrode 21. The red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B are arranged adjacent to each other in this order. The pixel in the red region 30R is a pixel 20R that performs red display, and similarly, the pixel 20G in the green region 30G and the pixel 20B in the blue region 30B perform green display and blue display, respectively. Here, the above-described twisted retardation layers 50R, 50G, and 50B are formed in the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B, respectively. Thus, in the twisted phase difference plate 50, the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B having different phase differences perform optical compensation of the pixels 20R, 20G, and 20B, respectively. Here, the phase difference Rr of the twisted phase difference layer 50R is 720 nm, the phase difference Rg of the twisted phase difference layer 50G is 710 nm, and the phase difference Rb of the twisted phase difference layer 50B is 700 nm. The difference between the phase difference Rr and the phase difference Rg, and the difference between the phase difference Rg and the phase difference Rb are set according to the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer 33 and the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of each twisted phase difference layer. A thickness of about 10 nm to 50 nm is preferable.

  Returning to FIG. 3, the space surrounded by the glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 12 and the sealing agent 35 is filled with liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal forms the liquid crystal layer 33. An upper polarizing plate 56 is attached to the observation side surface of the glass substrate 11, and a quarter-wave plate 55 and a lower polarizing plate 57 are attached to the rear surface of the glass substrate 12 in this order.

(B. Display principle and optical compensation)
Next, the display principle and optical compensation of the liquid crystal display device 1 having the above configuration will be described. The liquid crystal constituting the liquid crystal layer 33 is an electro-optical material having birefringence, and the alignment state is determined according to the magnitude of the applied drive voltage, and the polarization state of light transmitted according to the alignment state is determined. Can be changed. Therefore, the polarization state of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 33 can be manipulated by appropriately setting the drive voltage. The liquid crystal display device 1 performs display of desired luminance by taking out the transmitted light whose polarization state has been manipulated through the polarizing plate. If the drive voltage is changed for each pixel 20, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 33 and thus the polarization state of the transmitted light can be made different for each pixel 20. The liquid crystal display device 1 can perform display with a desired luminance distribution by such a set of pixels 20.

  In the liquid crystal display device 1, the axis angle of the polarizing plate is set so that the transmittance is low when the driving voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 33 is small and the transmittance is high when the driving voltage is large. Such a display mode is called a normally black mode. Further, as another classification of the display mode, a reflection mode in which light incident from the observation side is reflected by the reflection plate 37 below the liquid crystal layer 33 and emitted to the observation side, and light incident from the back side is reflected on the reflection plate 37. There is a transmission mode in which the light is transmitted through the transmission hole 38 and emitted to the observation side. The liquid crystal display device 1 is a transflective liquid crystal display device that can perform display in any of the reflection mode and the transmission mode.

  Further, all the light contributing to the display is colored by any one of the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B described above. As shown in FIG. 4, each of the pixels 20 corresponds to any one of the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B. Therefore, each pixel 20 displays one of red, green, and blue. . A display unit composed of one of these three color pixels adjacent to each other, that is, a display unit composed of the pixels 20R, 20G, and 20B is referred to as a pixel. One pixel displays various hues and luminances by displaying each of red, green, and blue colors in which the pixels 20R, 20G, and 20B constituting the pixels are individually programmed with the above-described method. be able to. The liquid crystal display device 1 performs a desired display by a collection of a large number of pixels arranged in a matrix.

  By the way, since the birefringence of the liquid crystal layer 33 has wavelength dispersion, when linearly polarized light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 33, the liquid crystal layer 33 is emitted as elliptically polarized light that differs for each wavelength. For this reason, the display light obtained by passing the emitted light through the polarizing plate is colored. In order to avoid this coloring, in the liquid crystal display device 1, the twisted phase difference plate 50 is provided between the liquid crystal layer 33 and the upper polarizing plate 56, and the quarter is provided between the liquid crystal layer 33 and the lower polarizing plate 57. Wave plates 55 are respectively disposed. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing these components disassembled. Here, the absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate 56, the alignment axis on the polarizing plate 56 side of the twisted phase difference plate 50, the slow axis of the quarter wavelength plate 55, and the absorption axis of the lower polarizing plate 57 are respectively positive with respect to the X axis. Arranged at 40, 60, 45, and 90 degrees from the direction.

  According to such a configuration, the above-described coloring can be avoided in both the reflection mode and the transmission mode. Specifically, in the reflection mode, the result of compensating the liquid crystal layer 33 at the time of black display with the twisted phase difference plate 50 is equivalent to the quarter wavelength plate, and the liquid crystal layer 33 at the time of white display is at the twist position. Since the result compensated by the phase difference plate 50 is equivalent to that of the half-wave plate, when the display light passes through the upper polarizing plate 56, it is always linearly polarized to avoid coloring. In the transmission mode, since the light transmitted through the lower polarizing plate 57 and the quarter wavelength plate 55 is circularly polarized, when the display light is transmitted through the upper polarizing plate 56, it is linearly polarized during black display. In addition, when white is displayed, the light is circularly polarized, and coloring is avoided.

  Further, the phase difference of the twisted phase difference plate 50 needs to match the wavelength dispersion with the wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystal layer 33 in order to perform the above optical compensation in the entire wavelength range. By arranging the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B having different phase differences in the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B, appropriate optical compensation in the entire wavelength range is realized.

  Hereinafter, this optical compensation will be described in detail with reference to the graph of FIG. This figure shows the relationship between the wavelength of transmitted light and the phase difference received by the transmitted light in the twisted phase difference plate 50, that is, the spectrum of the phase difference. In this figure, a curve 71 is shown in the entire wavelength range. It represents a phase difference spectrum having ideal chromatic dispersion that enables appropriate optical compensation. Curves 72R, 72G, and 72B represent the phase difference spectra of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B, respectively. The curves 72R, 72G, and 72B have a relationship in which the same curve is translated in the vertical axis direction.

  In the liquid crystal display device 1, each of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, 50B is arranged corresponding to the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B, so that the long wavelength region, the intermediate wavelength region, and the short wavelength region, respectively. Compensate much of the light in the area. Here, the curve 71 in FIG. 7A substantially overlaps the curve 72R in the long wavelength region, the curve 72G in the intermediate wavelength region, and the curve 72B in the short wavelength region. This indicates that the twisted phase difference plate 50 including the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B can perform appropriate optical compensation in the entire wavelength range as a whole.

  Here, using FIG. 8, the optical characteristics when the above-described optical compensation is performed are compared with the optical characteristics when optical compensation is performed with a twisted phase difference plate made of a single twisted phase difference layer. FIG. 8A is a reference graph showing the transmittance with respect to the voltage of the liquid crystal display device when optical compensation is performed with a twisted phase difference plate made of a single twisted phase difference layer. In FIG. 8A, curves 81R, 81G, and 81B are voltage-transmittance curves in the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B, respectively. As described above, when optical compensation is performed using a twisted phase difference plate made of a single twisted phase difference layer, the compensation results are different in each color region due to the difference in wavelength dispersion of the phase difference from the liquid crystal layer 33, and thus the optical characteristics are improved. Different. At this time, the three curves 81R, 81G, and 81B are different from each other in the voltage at which the luminance is the lowest and the voltage at which the luminance is the highest, so that the contrast and the luminance of the entire liquid crystal display device cannot be sufficiently obtained. Also, for the reasons described above, white and black displays are colored.

  On the other hand, FIG. 8B is a graph showing the transmittance with respect to the voltage of the liquid crystal display device 1 optically compensated by the twisted phase difference plate 50 having the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B. A curve 82 in FIG. 8B is obtained by overlapping the voltage-transmittance curves of the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B. That is, at this time, the compensation results and optical characteristics between the color regions are equal. Therefore, in each color region, the voltage with the lowest luminance and the voltage with the highest luminance are equal, and the liquid crystal display device 1 can obtain high contrast and luminance as a whole. As described above, when the optical compensation is performed by the twisted phase difference plate 50 having the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B, the compensation results are equal in each color region, and a high-contrast and bright display in which white and black displays are not colored. Can be done.

  Further, in the liquid crystal display device 1, the twisted phase difference plate 50 is formed on the facing surface of the glass substrate 11. According to this configuration, the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B and the corresponding twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B are arranged close to each other at a distance of about several microns, and thus transmitted through the color filter layer 31. Light does not enter a twisted phase difference layer that does not correspond to this. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 1 does not deteriorate in characteristics due to parallax.

(C. Manufacturing method of liquid crystal display device)
Next, a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 9 is a process diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing the liquid crystal display device 1. 9, steps P11 to P16 are steps for manufacturing a composite lower glass substrate having a plurality of glass substrates 12, and steps P22 to P26 are composite upper glass substrates having a plurality of glass substrates 11. It is a process for manufacturing. Process P31 to process P36 are processes for completing the liquid crystal display device 1 by combining the composite lower glass substrate and the composite upper glass substrate. Processes P11 to P16 and processes P22 to P26 are performed independently.

  On the composite lower glass substrate and the composite upper glass substrate, components corresponding to one liquid crystal display device 1 are formed in a matrix form in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. Each of the liquid crystal display devices 1 is a strip-shaped composite composed of one row by firstly breaking (cutting) in the row direction after the composite lower glass substrate and the composite upper glass substrate are bonded to form a composite bonded substrate. It is obtained by taking out the bonded substrate and further subjecting the strip-shaped composite bonded substrate to a second break into a shape corresponding to each liquid crystal display device 1.

  In step P11, a reflecting plate 37 made of an aluminum thin film is formed on the composite lower glass substrate. At this time, the transmission hole 38 is also formed at the same time. This step is performed, for example, by a vapor deposition method.

  In the process P12, the color filter layer 31 composed of the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B and the overcoat 32 are formed on the reflector 37 formed in the process P11. The color filters 31R, 31G, 31B, and the overcoat 32 are formed by repeating resin material application and patterning by a photolithography method in this order.

  In Step P13, the data electrode 21, the lead wiring 22, and the input line 25 made of ITO are formed on the overcoat 32 formed in Step P12. This step is performed by, for example, a photolithography method.

  In Step P14, an alignment film 34 made of polyimide is applied on the composite lower glass substrate that has undergone Step P13. This step is performed by, for example, a flexographic printing method.

  The process P15 is a process called rubbing in which the surface of the alignment film 34 formed in the process P14 is rubbed with a cloth. The alignment film 34 that has undergone the rubbing process has a function of aligning the liquid crystal in contact with the alignment film along the rubbing direction.

  In step P16, a sealant 35 is formed on the surface rubbed in step P15 by a screen printing method. The sealing agent is formed on the peripheral edge of the region where the glass substrate 11 is bonded, except for a portion that becomes an injection port for liquid crystal injection described later. The composite lower glass substrate is completed through the above steps P11 to P16.

  In Step P22, the twisted phase difference plate 50 composed of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B is formed on the composite upper glass substrate. This step is further divided into step S1 to step S12, and these steps will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  In step S1, a red region mask 60R is formed on the surface of the composite upper glass substrate on which the base film has been formed, as shown in FIG. The red region mask 60R is made of a resist agent and is formed in a region excluding the red region 30R.

  In step S2, the composite upper glass substrate including the red region mask 60R formed in step S1 is rubbed. At this time, the base film on which the red region mask 60R is not disposed is also rubbed.

  In step S3, as shown in FIG. 11B, a liquid crystal is applied on the composite upper glass substrate including the red region mask 60R. This liquid crystal is aligned along the direction rubbed in step S2 on the surface of the composite upper glass substrate. Further, a chiral agent is mixed in this liquid crystal, and the applied liquid crystal is twisted by a predetermined angle. Thereafter, the liquid crystal in a nematic alignment state is fixed in this way, and the twisted retardation layer 50R is formed.

  In step S4, the red region mask 60R is peeled off using a predetermined chemical solution. Through the above steps, the twisted retardation layer 50R is formed in the red region 30R.

  In step S5, as shown in FIG. 11C, a green region mask 60G is formed on the surface of the composite upper glass substrate on which the twisted retardation layer 50R has been formed. The green area mask 60G is made of a resist agent and is formed in an area excluding the green area 30G.

  In step S6, the composite upper glass substrate including the green region mask 60G formed in step S5 is rubbed. At this time, the underlying film on which the green region mask 60G is not disposed is also rubbed.

  In step S7, as shown in FIG. 11D, a liquid crystal is applied on the composite upper glass substrate including the green area mask 60G. This liquid crystal is aligned along the direction rubbed in step S6 on the surface of the composite upper glass substrate. Further, a chiral agent is mixed in this liquid crystal, and the applied liquid crystal is twisted by a predetermined angle. Thereafter, the liquid crystal in the nematic alignment state is fixed in this way, and the twisted retardation layer 50G is formed.

  In step S8, the green area mask 60G is peeled off using a predetermined chemical solution. Through the above steps, the twisted retardation layer 50G is formed in the green region 30G.

  In step S9, a blue region mask 60B is formed on the surface of the composite upper glass substrate on which the twisted retardation layers 50R and 50G are formed, as shown in FIG. The blue region mask 60B is made of a resist agent and is formed in a region excluding the blue region 30B.

  In step S10, the composite upper glass substrate including the blue region mask 60B formed in step S9 is rubbed. At this time, the base film on which the blue region mask 60B is not disposed is also rubbed.

  In step S11, as shown in FIG. 11F, a liquid crystal is applied on the composite upper glass substrate including the blue region mask 60B. The liquid crystal is aligned along the direction rubbed in step S10 on the surface of the composite upper glass substrate. Further, a chiral agent is mixed in this liquid crystal, and the applied liquid crystal is twisted by a predetermined angle. Thereafter, the liquid crystal in the nematic alignment state is fixed in this way, and the twisted retardation layer 50B is formed.

  In step S12, the blue area mask 60B is peeled off using a predetermined chemical solution. When this step is completed, the twisted retardation layer 50B is formed in the blue region 30B. As shown in FIG. 11G, the twisted phase difference plate 50 composed of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B is formed on the composite upper glass substrate through the process P22 including the steps S1 to S12. .

  Returning to FIG. 9, in step P <b> 23, the scan electrode 23 made of ITO is formed by being laminated on the twisted phase difference plate 50. This step is performed by, for example, a photolithography method.

  In step P24, an alignment film 34 made of polyimide is applied on the composite upper glass substrate that has undergone step P23. This step is performed by, for example, a flexographic printing method.

  The process P25 is a process called rubbing in which the surface of the alignment film 34 formed in the process P24 is rubbed with a cloth. The alignment film 34 that has undergone the rubbing process has a function of aligning the liquid crystal in contact with the alignment film along the rubbing direction.

  In the process P26, spacers made of a spherical resin are dispersed on the surface rubbed in the process P25. The spacer defines the distance between the two substrates when the lower composite glass substrate and the upper composite glass substrate are bonded together. The composite upper glass substrate is completed through steps P22 to P26.

  In step P31, the composite upper glass substrate and the composite lower glass substrate are bonded together to form a composite substrate. The bonding is performed by performing alignment (positioning) between the composite upper glass substrate and the composite lower glass substrate, and then contacting and press-bonding with the sealant 35.

  In step P32, a primary break is performed on the composite substrate obtained in step P31. The primary break is performed by forming a scribe groove in the row direction on the surface of the composite substrate and cutting the composite substrate at the position of the scribe groove. Thereby, a strip-shaped composite substrate in which the components corresponding to the liquid crystal display device 1 are arranged in a line is obtained. A liquid crystal inlet corresponding to each liquid crystal display device 1 is exposed on one end face of the composite substrate.

  In Step P33, liquid crystal is injected from the inlet into the strip-shaped composite substrate obtained in Step P32. The liquid crystal is injected by immersing the liquid crystal in an injection port under vacuum and introducing the liquid crystal into a region surrounded by the composite upper glass substrate, the composite lower glass substrate, and the sealant 35 by capillary action.

  In step P34, the above-described inlet is sealed. Sealing is performed by applying an ultraviolet curable resin to the injection port in a state where the composite upper glass substrate and the composite lower glass substrate are pressed so that the substrate interval is appropriate, and then irradiating the resin with ultraviolet rays. This is done by curing. After the sealing process, the substrate is cleaned (not shown).

  In Step P35, a secondary break is performed on the strip-shaped composite substrate on which liquid crystal injection and sealing have been completed. The secondary break is performed by forming a scribe groove on the surface of the strip-shaped composite substrate and cutting the composite substrate at the position of the scribe groove. Thereby, the liquid crystal panel of the shape corresponding to each liquid crystal display device 1 is obtained. The obtained liquid crystal panel is in a state in which the glass substrate 11 and the glass substrate 12 described above are bonded to each other, and the glass substrate 12 has a mounting base.

  In step P36, the driver 41 is mounted on the mounting base of the liquid crystal panel obtained in step P35, and then the upper polarizing plate 56, the quarter wavelength plate 55, and the lower polarizing plate 57 are attached to the surface of the liquid crystal panel. .

  Through the above steps, the liquid crystal display device 1 having the twisted phase difference plate 50 on the opposing surface of the glass substrate 11 is obtained.

(D. Electronic equipment)
Next, an electronic apparatus equipped with the liquid crystal display device 1 will be described. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a mobile phone 100 as an electronic apparatus equipped with the liquid crystal display device 1. The mobile phone 100 has a display unit 110 and operation buttons 120. The display unit 110 can display various information such as contents input by the operation buttons 120 and incoming call information by the liquid crystal display device 1 incorporated therein. Since the mobile phone 100 includes the liquid crystal display device 1 capable of appropriate optical compensation in the entire wavelength range in the display unit, the white and black displays can be displayed with no color and high-contrast and bright display.

(Second Embodiment)
The first embodiment described above has a configuration in which the phase differences of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B of the twisted phase difference plate 50 are different from each other. Instead of this, a configuration in which the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of each of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B is different from each other may be employed. Hereinafter, the liquid crystal display device 2 of the second embodiment having such a configuration will be described.

  In the liquid crystal display device 2, the phase difference of each of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B of the twisted phase difference plate 50 is the same for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, but the wavelength dispersion is different. Specifically, there is a relationship of WDr> WDg> WDb among the wavelength dispersion WDr of the twisted phase difference layer 50R, the wavelength dispersion WDg of the twisted phase difference layer 50G, and the wavelength dispersion WDb of the twisted phase difference layer 50B. The configuration and manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device 2 are the same as those of the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment except for the characteristics of the twisted phase difference plate 50 described above.

  The optical compensation of the liquid crystal display device 2 will be described in detail with reference to the graph of FIG. This figure shows a phase difference spectrum of the twisted phase difference plate 50 included in the liquid crystal display device 2. In this figure, a curve 71 is an ideal wavelength that enables appropriate optical compensation in the entire wavelength range. Represents a phase difference spectrum with dispersion. Curves 73R, 73G, and 73B represent the phase difference spectra of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B, respectively. The curves 73R, 73G, and 73B intersect at one point at a wavelength of 550 nm, but have different wavelength dispersion. More specifically, the wavelength dispersions WDr, WDg, and WDb of the phase differences of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B are 1.11, 1.06, and 1.02, respectively. The wavelength dispersions WDr, WDg, and WDb are set according to the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of the liquid crystal layer 33 and the phase difference of each twisted phase difference layer, and are 1.1 or more and 1.03 or more and less than 1.1, respectively. Less than 03 is preferred.

  In the liquid crystal display device 2, each of the twisted retardation layers 50R, 50G, and 50B is disposed corresponding to the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B, and therefore, the long wavelength region, the intermediate wavelength region, and the short wavelength region, respectively. Compensate much of the light in the area. Here, the curve 71 in FIG. 7B substantially overlaps the curve 73R in the long wavelength region, the curve 73G in the intermediate wavelength region, and the curve 73B in the short wavelength region. This indicates that the twisted phase difference plate 50 including the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B can perform appropriate optical compensation in the entire wavelength range as a whole.

  FIG. 8B shows optical characteristics when the above optical compensation is performed. A curve 82 in the figure is obtained by overlapping the voltage-transmittance curves of the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B. Therefore, in each color region, the voltage with the lowest luminance and the voltage with the highest luminance are equal, and high contrast and luminance can be obtained. As described above, the liquid crystal display device 2 also has the same compensation result in each color region, and can display a high-contrast and bright display without coloring the white and black displays.

(Third embodiment)
Furthermore, the twisted phase difference plate 50 may have a configuration in which the twist angles of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B are different from each other. Hereinafter, the liquid crystal display device 3 of the third embodiment having the twisted phase difference plate 50 having this configuration will be described.

  In the liquid crystal display device 3, there is a relationship of Tr> Tg> Tb or Tr <Tg <Tb between the twist angles Tr, Tg, Tb of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, 50B of the twisted phase difference plate 50. is there. The configuration and manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display device 3 are the same as those of the liquid crystal display device 1 of the first embodiment except for the characteristics of the twisted phase difference plate 50 described above.

  In the liquid crystal display device 3 having the above-described configuration, the phase difference of the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B and the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference are preferably different from each other, so that the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B The corresponding long wavelength region, intermediate wavelength region, and short wavelength region light can be optically compensated appropriately. As a result, the optical characteristics when optical compensation is performed are as shown in FIG. 8B, and the voltage-transmittance curves of the red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B overlap. Therefore, in each color region, the voltage with the lowest luminance and the voltage with the highest luminance are equal, and high contrast and luminance can be obtained. As described above, the liquid crystal display device 3 also has the same compensation result in each color region, and can perform bright display with high contrast and no color in the white and black displays.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, various deformation | transformation can be added with respect to the said embodiment in the range which does not deviate from the meaning of this invention. In the modifications shown below, the characteristics of the torsional retardation layers 50R, 50G, and 50B are any of the above-described cases where the phase differences are different from each other, the chromatic dispersion of the phase differences are different from each other, and the twist angles are different from each other. May be.

(Modification 1)
It replaces with the structure which forms the twisted phase difference plate 50 in the opposing surface of the glass substrate 11 shown in 1st Embodiment, It is an observation side of the glass substrate 11, Comprising: Between the glass substrate 11 and the upper polarizing plate 56 Alternatively, the twisted phase difference plate 50 may be disposed. An example of this configuration is shown in the sectional view of FIG. As shown in this figure, the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, 50B constituting the twisted phase difference plate 50 are arranged at positions corresponding to the color filters 31R, 31G, 31B on the observation side surface of the glass substrate 11, respectively. Has been. In the present modification, it is desirable to make the glass substrate 11 as thin as possible in order to avoid deterioration of characteristics due to parallax. Even with such a configuration, the compensation results are equal in each color region, and it is possible to perform a bright display with high contrast without coloration in the white and black displays.

(Modification 2)
Instead of forming the color filter layer 31 on the facing surface of the glass substrate 12 shown in the first embodiment, the color filter layer 31 is laminated on the twisted phase difference plate 50 on the facing surface of the glass substrate 11. The structure to form may be sufficient. An example of this configuration is shown in the sectional view of FIG. As shown in this figure, the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B are laminated on the twisted phase difference plate 50 at positions corresponding to the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B constituting the twisted phase difference plate 50, respectively. Is formed. On the color filter layer 31, an overcoat 32, a scanning electrode 23, and an alignment film 34 are laminated in this order. Further, the data electrode 21 on the glass substrate 12 is formed of a silver alloy and also serves as a reflector. Even with such a configuration, the compensation results are equal in each color region, and it is possible to perform a bright display with high contrast without coloration in the white and black displays. In the present modification, the color filter layer 31 and the twisted phase difference plate 50 are laminated in contact with each other, and therefore, characteristic degradation due to parallax is less likely to occur than in the first embodiment.

(Modification 3)
In the first embodiment, the quarter-wave plate 55 is disposed on the back side of the glass substrate 12, but instead of this configuration, a first wavelength plate corresponding to a quarter-wave plate is provided on the opposite surface of the glass substrate 12. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which two twisted phase difference plates 51 are arranged. An example of this configuration is shown in the sectional view of FIG. As shown in this figure, like the twisted phase difference plate 50, the twisted phase difference plate 51 includes twisted phase difference layers 51R, 51G, and 51B having different phase differences, wavelength dispersion of phase differences, or twist angles. The twisted phase difference layers 51R, 51G, and 51B have the above-described characteristics so that light in the long wavelength region, intermediate wavelength region, and short wavelength region in the red region 30R, green region 30G, and blue region 30B can be suitably compensated for. Yes. The twisted phase difference layers 51R, 51G, and 51B are stacked on the reflection plate 37, and are disposed at positions corresponding to the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B, respectively. Here, a transparent resin may be formed on the reflection plate 37 in order to flatten the formation surface of the twisted phase difference plate 51. According to such a configuration, in addition to the twisted phase difference plate 50 having the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B, the twisted phase difference plate 51 corresponding to a quarter wavelength plate is also adapted to the wavelength dispersion of the liquid crystal layer 33. Due to the phase dispersion of the phase difference, the compensation results are equal in each color region, and it is possible to perform a bright display with high contrast without coloration in white and black displays.

(Modification 4)
In the first embodiment, the red pixel 20R, the green pixel 20G, and the blue pixel 20B are arranged in the band-shaped red region 30R, the green region 30G, and the blue region 30B, respectively (see FIG. 4). The arrangement of is not limited to this, and may be a delta arrangement as shown in FIG. 15, for example. In this arrangement, the pixels 20R, 20G, and 20B are arranged so as to always include one of these pixels, regardless of how the three neighboring pixels are selected in a triangular shape. Here, the twisted phase difference layers 50R, 50G, and 50B of the twisted phase difference plate 50 and the color filters 31R, 31G, and 31B are formed so as to be disposed at positions corresponding to the pixels 20R, 20G, and 20B, respectively. Even with such a configuration, the compensation results are equal in each color region, and it is possible to perform a bright display with high contrast without coloration in the white and black displays.

(Modification 5)
The twisted phase difference plates 50 and 51 described above may be laminated with an overcoat layer made of a transparent resin. According to this configuration, the twisted phase difference plates 50 and 51 are protected from erosion due to foreign matters, moisture, and the like, so that the reliability of the liquid crystal display device including the same can be improved.

(Modification 6)
The display mode of the liquid crystal display device 1 may be a total transmission type or a total reflection type instead of the above-described transflective type. The total transmission type liquid crystal display device can be obtained by removing the reflection plate 37 from the liquid crystal display device 1 and adjusting the phase difference and axial angle of the twisted phase difference plate 50 and the quarter wavelength plate 55. The total reflection type liquid crystal display device is obtained by deleting the transmission hole 38 of the reflection plate 37 in the liquid crystal display device 1. Further, in the total reflection type liquid crystal display device 1, the quarter wavelength plate 55 and the lower polarizing plate 57 are unnecessary. Even with such a configuration, the compensation results are equal in each color region, and a bright display with high contrast can be performed without white and black display.

(Modification 7)
The above-described liquid crystal display device 1 is a passive matrix liquid crystal display device having an STN liquid crystal layer. However, the liquid crystal mode and the driving method are not limited thereto, and various types can be selected. For example, the liquid crystal mode may be TN or homogeneous alignment instead of STN, and the driving method may be an active matrix method using TFT elements or TFD elements instead of the passive matrix method.

The perspective view of a liquid crystal display device. The top view which shows arrangement | positioning of the electrode and wiring of a liquid crystal display device. Sectional drawing of a liquid crystal display device. FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of a pixel of a liquid crystal display device. The model perspective view for demonstrating the structure of a twist phase difference plate. The schematic diagram which shows the axial angle of a polarizing plate, a twisted phase difference plate, and a quarter wavelength plate. (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the wavelength dispersion of the phase difference of a twisted phase difference plate. (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the transmissivity with respect to the applied voltage of a liquid crystal display device. Process drawing which shows the manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device. Process drawing which shows the formation method of a twist phase difference plate. (A) to (g) is a diagram showing a method of forming a twisted phase difference plate. Sectional drawing of a liquid crystal display device. Sectional drawing of a liquid crystal display device. Sectional drawing of a liquid crystal display device. The top view which shows the pixel group of a delta arrangement | sequence. The perspective view of the mobile telephone of embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2, 3 ... Liquid crystal display device, 11 ... Glass substrate as "first substrate", 12 ... Glass substrate as "second substrate", 20 ... Pixel, 21 ... Data electrode, 22 ... Lead-out wiring, 23 ... Scanning electrode, 30R ... Red region, 30G ... Green region, 30B ... Blue region, 31 ... Color filter layer, 31R ... Red color filter, 31G ... Green color filter, 31B ... Blue color filter, 32 ... Overcoat, 33 ... Liquid crystal layer, 34 ... Alignment film, 35 ... Sealing agent, 36 ... Vertical conductive particles, 37 ... Reflector plate, 38 ... Transmission hole, 41 ... Driver, 50, 51 ... Twist phase difference plate, 50R, 51R ... "First As a "twisted phase difference layer", 50G, 51G ... as a "second twisted phase difference layer", 50B, 51B as a "third twisted phase difference layer" Twisted retardation layer, 55 ... 1/4 wavelength plate, 56 ... Upper polarizing plate as "first polarizing plate", 57 ... Lower polarizing plate as "second polarizing plate", 100 ... as "electronic device" Mobile phone.

Claims (10)

A first substrate;
A second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate;
A liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A first polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the first substrate;
A color filter layer including a color filter corresponding to each of red, green, and blue, disposed in any layer between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A liquid crystal display device having a twisted phase difference plate disposed in any layer between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizing plate,
The twisted phase difference plate is
A first twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rr disposed in a region corresponding to the red color filter;
A second twisted retardation layer having a retardation Rg disposed in a region corresponding to the green color filter;
A third twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rb disposed in a region corresponding to the blue color filter, and the phase differences Rr, Rg, Rb have a relationship of Rr>Rg> Rb. A characteristic liquid crystal display device. A first substrate;
A second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate;
A liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A first polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the first substrate;
A color filter layer including a color filter corresponding to each of red, green, and blue, disposed in any layer between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A liquid crystal display device having a twisted phase difference plate disposed in any layer between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizing plate,
The twisted phase difference plate is
A first twisted retardation layer disposed in a region corresponding to the red color filter and having a wavelength dispersion of retardation of WDr;
A second twisted retardation layer disposed in a region corresponding to the green color filter and having a wavelength dispersion of retardation of WDg;
A third twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference wavelength dispersion of WDb, disposed in a region corresponding to the blue color filter, wherein the phase difference wavelength dispersions WDr, WDg, and WDb satisfy WDr> WDg A liquid crystal display device characterized by having a relationship of> WDb. A first substrate;
A second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate;
A liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A first polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the first substrate;
A color filter layer including a color filter corresponding to each of red, green, and blue, disposed in any layer between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A liquid crystal display device having a twisted phase difference plate disposed in any layer between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizing plate,
The twisted phase difference plate is
A first twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle Tr disposed in a region corresponding to the red color filter;
A third twisted retardation layer disposed in a region corresponding to the blue color filter and having a twist angle Tb different from the twist angle Tr;
And a second twisted phase difference layer having a twist angle Tg between the twist angle Tr and the twist angle Tb, disposed in a region corresponding to the green color filter. . A first substrate;
A second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate;
A liquid crystal layer made of liquid crystal sealed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A first polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the first substrate;
A color filter layer including a color filter corresponding to each of a plurality of colors disposed in any layer between the first substrate and the second substrate;
A liquid crystal display device having a twisted phase difference plate disposed in any layer between the liquid crystal layer and the first polarizing plate,
The twisted phase difference plate is
A first twisted phase difference layer disposed in a region corresponding to a color filter of one color of the plurality of colors and having a phase difference corresponding to a color of the color filter;
And a second twisted phase difference layer disposed in a region corresponding to a color filter of a color different from the one color among the plurality of colors and having a phase difference corresponding to the color of the color filter. Liquid crystal display device. A liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A liquid crystal display device comprising a second polarizing plate disposed on the back side of the second substrate. A liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The liquid crystal display device, wherein the twisted phase difference plate is formed on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate.   The electronic device provided with the liquid crystal display device as described in any one of Claims 1-6. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other,
Forming a color filter layer including color filters corresponding to red, green, and blue on the second substrate;
A first twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rr, a second twisted phase difference layer having a phase difference Rg smaller than the phase difference Rr, and a third twisted phase difference having a phase difference Rb smaller than the phase difference Rg When the layer is bonded to the second substrate on the first substrate, a region facing the color filter corresponding to the red, a region facing the color filter corresponding to the green, and the blue A second step of forming a twisted phase difference plate by disposing each in a region facing the corresponding color filter;
A third step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate with the surface on which the color filter layer is formed and the surface on which the twisted phase difference plate is formed facing each other;
A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a fourth step of sealing liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other,
Forming a color filter layer including color filters corresponding to red, green, and blue on the second substrate;
A first twisted phase difference layer having a chromatic dispersion WDr of a phase difference, a second twisted phase difference layer having a chromatic dispersion WDg smaller than the chromatic dispersion WDr, and a third having a chromatic dispersion WDb smaller than the chromatic dispersion WDg. A region facing the color filter corresponding to red when the twisted retardation layer is bonded to the second substrate on the first substrate, a region facing the color filter corresponding to green, and A second step of forming a twisted phase difference plate by disposing each in a region facing the color filter corresponding to blue;
A third step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate with the surface on which the color filter layer is formed and the surface on which the twisted phase difference plate is formed facing each other;
A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a fourth step of sealing liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other,
Forming a color filter layer including color filters corresponding to red, green, and blue on the second substrate;
A first twist phase difference layer having a twist angle Tr, a third twist phase difference layer having a twist angle Tb different from the twist angle Tr, and a twist angle Tg between the twist angle Tr and the twist angle Tb. A region on the first substrate facing the color filter corresponding to red when the second twisted retardation layer is bonded to the second substrate, facing the color filter corresponding to blue And a second step of forming a twisted phase difference plate by disposing each in a region facing the color filter corresponding to green and a region facing the color filter,
A third step of bonding the first substrate and the second substrate with the surface on which the color filter layer is formed and the surface on which the twisted phase difference plate is formed facing each other;
A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a fourth step of sealing liquid crystal between the first substrate and the second substrate.

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