JP2006271307A - Method for pasturing natural enemy insect, method for transporting and proliferating natural enemy insect and apparatus for transporting and proliferating natural enemy insect - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an efficient form and an efficient packaging method each considering the ecology of a natural enemy insect on the transportation of the natural enemy insect to facilitate the utilization of the natural enemy insect. <P>SOLUTION: This method for pasturing the natural enemy insect comprises transporting and simultaneously breeding the natural enemy insect against insect pests to farm products in a container together with a plant for the oviposition of the natural enemy insect to increase the number of the natural enemy insect, and disposing the plant spawned with the natural enemy insect in a field for culturing the farm products. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a natural enemy insect release method, a transport propagation method, and a transport propagation device that are used to protect crops from damage by pests.

Conventionally, the control of pests that occur and cause damage on agricultural crops is often performed using chemical pesticides. In recent years, control technologies that reduce the use of chemical pesticides have been demanded for the purpose of protecting the environment or from the consumer's perspective, and as one of the methods, biological control, specifically natural enemy insects, has come to be used. (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Since natural enemy insects are living organisms, they differ from inorganic substances such as chemical pesticides and have their own special characteristics in breeding, transportation, and release methods (Patent Documents 3 and 4).
JP 2003-92962 A JP 2002-47116 A JP 2003-79271 A JP-A-11-139450

  The natural enemy insects are transported by, for example, Kukumeri Kaburidani (Kukumeris (registered trademark)), Miyako Kaburidani (Spyical (registered trademark)), etc., putting natural enemy mites and bran or sawdust as a buffer material in a 500 ml container. In addition, in the terrestrial bug (Tairiku (registered trademark)), vermiculite was used as a cushioning material and was transported in a 250 ml bottle. On the other hand, Isaeya Himekobachi (Mynex (registered trademark)), a natural enemy of the leafhopper, carried adults in bottles.

  In this way, when carrying only adult natural insects in bottles, or when carrying adults and cushioning materials at the same time, such as the tiger beetle, the life of natural enemy insects is extremely short because there is no food. There was a problem that there was. For this reason, after obtaining natural enemy insects, they had to be released immediately to the crops in the field, and the yield was significantly reduced when delayed. Furthermore, since the bran or sawdust or chips that were placed inside as a buffer when released were left on the crops, and molds grow on them, farmers who used these natural enemies were required to solve this problem.

  In addition, when releasing natural enemy insects with flying kites, such as the mosquito, to the crops in the field, it was difficult to release them uniformly in the field, and it was a method to release them in space regardless of the number of pests. .

  Since female adults flew out of the field without laying plants and food, the rate of colonization in crops decreased and sufficient insect pest density suppression was not observed. In the present application, the egg-laying plant means a plant suitable for the natural enemy insects to lay eggs, and the egg-laying plant means a plant where the natural enemy insects laid eggs. Release means to release natural enemy insects on the crop.

  When insecticides that affect natural enemy insects such as synthetic pyrethroids and neonicotinoids were sprayed on the field crops, the natural enemy insects released had no escape and most died. For this reason, the spraying interval of pesticides and the interval of releasing natural enemy insects were important issues.

  In greenhouse cultivation, pesticide spraying is required in consideration of the occurrence of many pests and the harvest time. However, the delivery date of natural enemy insects was almost fixed, and it was extremely difficult to match the release date with the control of other pests. In biological control methods, such problems always occur.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and natural enemy insects are not spawned in the form of adults or larvae, which are the conventional methods, but are spawned on the stems and leaves of plants, preferably fed. The purpose of this is to carry out a rearing system for raising larvae and adults at the same time as transportation, to transport a large number of natural enemy insects in a compact manner, and to release them uniformly in the field over a long period of time.

  The method for transporting and propagating natural enemy insects according to claim 1 for achieving the above object is characterized in that the natural enemy insects of agricultural pests are transported and transported while being held in a container together with the egg-laying plants of the natural enemy insects. .

  The method for transporting and propagating according to claim 2, wherein the natural enemy insect is a beetle, and the egg-laying plant is one selected from the group consisting of a diatomaceae plant, a scorpionaceae plant, a genus of the genus Odonaceae and an asteraceae plant, It is characterized by being 2 or more types. Conventionally, in the case of a tiger beetle, 250 bottles are usually included. According to the present invention, a large number of, for example, 500 eggs can be spawned and transported on the stem of an egg-laying plant. When 10 egg-laying plants are used, 5000 eggs can be carried. Assuming that the emergence rate is 100%, it is possible to carry 20 times more number of the common worms than conventional bottles.

  The method for transporting and propagating according to claim 3 is characterized in that the egg-laying plant is one or more selected from the group consisting of echeveria, kagetsu, nishinotama, kalanchoe, columnea, portulaca, otonacapensis and geranium. And

  The release method according to claim 4, wherein a natural enemy insect of a pest of a crop is held and transported in a container together with a spawning plant of the natural enemy insect, and a spawned plant of the natural enemy insect is arranged in a crop cultivation field. It is characterized by.

  The release method according to claim 5, wherein in the field where the natural enemy insects are released, the natural enemy insects are released on the crops by placing the stems and hatching larvae of the spawning plants of the natural enemy insects on the crops. And In the field where the natural enemy insects are released, the natural enemy insects jump out and disperse in the field by releasing the container, and the stems of the spawning plants are evenly placed on the crop body or where the pests are high. By doing so, both natural larvae and adult worms can be released on the crop body and released according to the occurrence of pests.

  The transport propagation device according to claim 6 is a plastic or paper container for storing natural enemy insects of agricultural pests, a spawning plant disposed in the container, and provided on the inner wall of the container to protect the natural enemy insects. And a moisture absorbent such as urethane or cotton arranged at the bottom of the container, and the moisture base is sandwiched between the stem bases of the spawning plants to supply moisture.

The container-growing device according to claim 7, wherein the natural enemy insect container is selected from the group consisting of pollen, honey and sucrose solution in order to prevent death of larvae hatched on the spawning plant of the natural enemy insect. Characterized by comprising one or more baits.
The transport and propagation device according to claim 8, wherein the pollen as a bait to be provided in the device for transporting natural enemy insects is corn or tea pollen, and the sucrose solution has a concentration of 10 to 50%. Features.

The transport and propagation device according to claim 9, wherein the natural enemy insect is a beetle, and the spawning plant is one selected from the group consisting of a diatomaceae plant, a scorpionaceae plant, a genus of the genus Odonaceae, and an asteraceae plant, It is characterized by being 2 or more types.
The transporting and growing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the egg-laying plant is one or more selected from the group consisting of echeveria, kagetsu, nishinotama, kalanchoe, columnea, portulaca, otonacapensis and geranium. And

  The natural enemy insect transporting and breeding method, release method and apparatus of the present invention can be used to utilize natural enemy insects such as, for example, the common enemy insects cultivated in a facility, in particular, the common insect insects, and the pests to be controlled. Examples include slips, leafhoppers and aphids. However, the present invention is not limited to the protection of the natural enemy insects and crops and the control of the target pests.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be exhibited.
According to the method for transporting and propagating natural enemy insects according to claim 1, not only adult natural insects that have survived in the container from the beginning, but also spawning plants, hatched larvae, and grown adults in the crop cultivation field. Can be released on or between crops. As a result, natural enemy insects can be uniformly released to the crops in the field. Moreover, since the presence of larvae and adults can be created in the field, it has the effect of expressing a higher pest control effect. Also, even if the natural enemy insect dies during transportation, a large number of eggs are laid in the spawning plant, and this will become the next generation natural enemy insect, so the transportation time and storage of the natural enemy insects have traditionally been Although it was a remarkably big problem, according to this invention, the surplus of two days or more can be performed.

  According to the method for carrying and propagating according to claims 2 and 3, the diatomaceae plant, preferably echeveria, lizard, nishinotama, kalanchoe and columnea, or the sedge family, preferably porchuraca, or otonna A stem of a genus plant, preferably Otonapensis, or an Angiospermaceae plant geranium is collected for egg-laying to form an egg-laying plant. Since several tens to hundreds of eggs are laid on the stem of one egg-laying plant, it is possible to secure about 1000 headed beetles if there are about 10 eggs, so many in a compact container Can be transported. This method also solves the problem of adult death during transportation, which has been a problem in the past.

  According to the release method of claim 4, since the release of the natural enemy insects in the crop cultivation field is the release of eggs and larvae, it is possible to prevent the release from the field, and any place in the field Can be released at any time. Specifically, many natural enemy insects can be allocated to places where there are many occurrences of pests.

  According to the method for releasing a natural enemy insect according to claim 5, in a field where the natural enemy insect is released, by placing a stem or a larva of a spawned plant on a crop body, even a natural enemy insect having a moth can Since it can be released on the crop body in the form, it exerts the effect of enhancing the pest control effect.

  According to the transporting device of claim 6, the container for storing and transporting the natural enemy insects is made of plastic or paper, and a shock absorbing material for protecting the natural enemy insects is provided on the inner wall of the urethane that absorbs moisture at the bottom. Alternatively, cotton or the like is arranged, and the stem base of the egg-laying plant is sandwiched between them to supply water, so that the egg-laying plant does not die for a long time.

  According to the apparatus and method for releasing natural enemy insects according to claim 7 or 8, pollen and / or honey is used as a bait in the container for storing the natural enemy insects in order to prevent death of larvae hatched in spawning plants. Or, by providing the sucrose solution, the effect of preventing the larvae hatched in the container from being killed by starvation is exhibited. As described in claim 8, the honey or sucrose solution having a concentration of 10 to 50% can further extend the survival.

  According to the transporting and proliferating apparatus according to claim 9 and 10, a diatomaceae plant, preferably echeveria, lizard, nishinotama, kalanchoe and columnea, or a pursaceae plant, preferably porturaca, or otonna, grown in a large amount by a seedling device or the like. A stem of a genus plant, preferably Otonapensis, or an Angiospermaceae plant geranium is collected for egg-laying to form an egg-laying plant. Since several tens to hundreds or more eggs are laid on the stem of one egg-laying plant, it is possible to secure about 1000 longhorn beetles with about 10 eggs. Therefore, a large number of dwarf insects can be transported in a compact container. This method also solves the problem of adult death during transportation, which has been a problem in the past.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a water-absorbing mat 15 is laid in a container 11, a water-impermeable film 16 is disposed thereon, a hole is made in this, and egg-laying plants 13a and 13b are inserted. In the illustrated embodiment, an example using two types of spawning plants is shown, but there may be one type or three or more types. Paper 19 is stretched as a cushioning material on the wall of the container. This protects natural enemy insects and reduces death in the container. Also, pollen and / or honey or sucrose solution is placed on the wall surface as bait 17. A lid 12 is placed on the container, and a handle 18 is attached for transportation. A net hole 20 having a diameter of about 3 cm is formed as a vent hole in the container lid. Since water is applied to the water supply mat 15, the spawning plant can absorb water. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 14a indicates an adult worm, 14b indicates an egg and a larva.

If natural enemy insects are placed in the apparatus of FIG. 1 for several days and allowed to stand, eggs will lay on the laying plant. Larvae develop after a few days, so the stems and larvae should be placed directly on the crop.
In order to clarify the effects exhibited by the above embodiment, test examples are described below.

(Test Example 1)
Each of the various egg-laying plants Echeveria, Kagetsu, Nijinotama, Kalanchoe, and Colmnea shown in Table 1 was cultivated in 3 pots each in a net room, and 20 tiger beetles were released.
After 7 days, the number of eggs laid per branch was examined, and after 10 days, the number of larvae per branch was examined.
(Table 1)
Table 1 Number of laying plants, number of eggs laid and number of hatched larvae per branch ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━
Spawning plant Number of branches Number of spawning Number of hatched larvae
Echeveria 20 120 / branch 95 / branch knot 20 80 70
Nishinotama 25 150 120
Kalanchoe 35 180 150
Colmnea 25 70 50
Otonaka Pensis 25 85 80
Porturaca 25 120 115
Geranium 25 105 98

  As a result, the number of eggs laid and hatched larvae increased in the order of Kalanchoe, Nijinotama, Echeveria, Porturaca, Geranium, Capensis, Kagets, and Colmnea (Table 1). Kalanchoe, Nijinotama, and Porturaca can be used as particularly effective egg-laying plants.

(Test Example 2)
Kalanchoe and Nijinotama stalks were cut into the natural enemy insect carrying and breeding apparatus, and 5 females and 3 males were released and held for 25 days. Moreover, the section which put pollen as food, the section which put honey, and the section which put the sucrose solution were installed in this apparatus.
(Table 2)
Table 2 Propagation and number of inhabiting days of the anteater larvae using a natural enemy insect carrying breeding device ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━━━━━━━
Spawning plant Feed Branches Number of eggs Number of hatched larvae Number of inhabitants
Kalanchoe no 20 45 / branch 44 / branch within 7 days Nijinotama no 20 42 39 within 7 days

Kalanchoe pollen 20-/ branch 44 / branch 15 days or more Nijinotama Pollen 20-39 15 days or more

Kalanchoe Honey 20-/ branch 44 / branch 15 days or more Nijinotama Honey 20-39 15 days or more

Kalanchoe sucrose solution 20-/ branch 44 / branch 15 days or more
Nishinotama Sucrose solution 20-39 15 days or more

  As a result, about 40 larvae per stem were generated in both Kalanchoe and Nijinotama. In addition, when pollen and honey were added as food, the inhabitants were confirmed for more than 15 days. On the other hand, all larvae died within 7 days without food (Table 2). When food is fed into the apparatus in this way, the long-tailed beetle can survive for a long time.

(Test Example 3)
The branch of Kalanchoe and Nijinotama was spawned by the anteater, and placed in a container. A sucrose solution having a concentration of 10 to 70% was applied to the wall surface of the container, and the number of eggs laid, the number of larvae hatched, and the number of inhabitants were examined.
(Table 3)
Table 3 Propagation and number of inhabiting days of the tiger beetle using a natural enemy insect carrying and breeding device ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━━━━━━━
Spawning plant Feed Branches Number of eggs Number of hatched larvae Number of inhabitants
Kalanchoe No 20 45 / branch 44 / branch within 7 days
Sucrose 10 20 40 40 Over 15 days
Sucrose 20 20 35 35 Over 15 days
Sucrose 30 20 37 37 More than 15 days
Sucrose 40 20 47 47 More than 15 days
Sucrose 50 20 50 48 More than 15 days
Sucrose 60 20 60 34 10 days
Sucrose 70 20 44 20 10 days
Water only 20 42 36 Within 7 days

(Table 3-2)
Table 3-2 Propagation and number of inhabiting days of the tiger beetle using a natural enemy insect carrying and breeding device ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━━━━━━━━━
Spawning plant Feed Branches Number of eggs Number of hatched larvae Number of inhabitants
Nijinotama No 20 40 / branch 40 / branch within 7 days
Sucrose 10 20 39 38 15 days or more
Sucrose 20 20 38 37 More than 15 days
Sucrose 30 20 36 35 Over 15 days
Sucrose 40 20 37 34 More than 15 days
Sucrose 50 20 42 40 More than 15 days
Sucrose 60 20 40 20 10 days
Sucrose 70 20 38 20 10 days

  As a result, as shown in Table 3, the sucrose concentration was 10 to 50%, and the number of days of inhabitation became longer. As a result, the release period can be extended.

(Test Example 4)
Kalanchoe branches spawned using a natural enemy insect carrying and breeding device were placed in a strawberry cultivation field, and the control effect of slips was examined. 60 Kalanchoe were cut into the apparatus, and 50 female adults before spawning were placed in the apparatus, and after 7 days, they were left in the strain in the strawberry house. As a control group, a group was released that had released 2000 tiger beetle bugs / 10a. 30 days after the release of tyrik, the number of slips per 100 flowers and the number of worms were measured. In addition, an untreated section of the Tairikuhimehanakamemushi was established.
(Table 4)
Table 4 Number of inhabitants and number of slips in strawberry petals after release from the ground beetle ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ ━━━━━━━
Number of tiger beetles
Kalanchoe Ward 20 heads 0.2 head vs. Teru Ward 2
No treatment zone 0 100 or more
Numbers per 100 flowers.

As a result, after laying eggs on Kalanchoe using a natural enemy insect carrying and breeding device, this Kalanchoe also showed the same or better effect in the strawberry strain than the release of the tiger beetle on the field (Table) 4). Therefore, it shows that this apparatus can be put into practical use. In addition, even if the release time is shifted, the life is extended in the apparatus, so that the number of days of release can be extended for several days, which has the effect of extending the life. Further, the problem that the sawdust as a buffering agent, which has been a problem in the past, remains on the crop, and mold grows on this to contaminate the plant body.
In addition, it was speculated that the escape of the mosquito bug from the field was reduced. These suggest that it is possible to extend the period of release after spraying pesticides, which was a problem in the past.

(Test Example 5)
I put the ground beetle bug in the natural enemy insect carrying and breeding device, spent two days from Tokyo to Osaka, and transported it by truck, and examined the number of spawning eggs and the increase in the spotted beetle. The apparatus initially contained 20 female adults and 10 male adults, and 60 Nidinotama stems as spawning plants. After arriving, it was allowed to stand indoors for 5 days, and the number of larvae that had hatched was examined.

  As a result, the number of larvae hatched in the apparatus exceeded 2000, and it was considered that it could be used practically.

It is the schematic of the conveyance multiplication apparatus of embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Container 12 Container lid 13a, 13b Spawning plant 14a, 14b Natural enemy insect 15 Water absorption mat 16 Water-impermeable film 17 Bait 18 Handle 19 Buffer material 20 Vent

Claims (10)

  A method for transporting and propagating natural enemy insects, which comprises transporting and transporting natural enemy insects of agricultural pests together with egg-laying plants of the natural enemy insects in a container.   The natural enemy insect is a giant bug, and the egg-laying plant is one or more selected from the group consisting of a diatomaceous plant, a genus parsley, a genus of genus, and an asteraceae. The method for transporting and propagating natural enemy insects according to claim 1.   3. The natural enemy insect according to claim 2, wherein the spawning plant is one or more selected from the group consisting of Echeveria, Kagetsu, Nijinotama, Kalanchoe, Colmnea, Porturaca, Otonakapensis, and Geranium. How to carry and propagate.   A natural enemy insect release method characterized by holding and transporting a natural enemy insect of a pest of an agricultural crop in a container together with the egg-laying plant of the natural enemy insect and transporting and transporting the egg-laying plant of the natural enemy insect in a crop cultivation field.   5. The natural enemy insects according to claim 4, wherein the natural enemy insects are released onto the crops by placing the stems and hatching larvae of the spawned plants of the natural enemy insects on the crops in the field where the natural enemy insects are released. Release method A plastic or paper container for the natural insects of crop pests;
An egg-laying plant disposed in the container;
A cushioning material provided on the inner wall of the container to protect natural enemy insects;
And a moisture-absorbing agent such as urethane or cotton disposed at the bottom of the container, wherein the moisture-absorbing agent sandwiches the stalk base of the egg-laying plant to supply moisture.   In order to prevent death of larvae hatched on the spawning plants of the natural enemy insects, the container containing the natural enemy insects is provided with one or more kinds of food selected from the group consisting of pollen, honey and sucrose solution The natural enemy insect carrying and breeding apparatus according to claim 6.   The pollen as food to be provided in the device for transporting natural enemy insects is corn or tea pollen, and honey or sucrose solution has a concentration of 10 to 50%. Natural enemy insect carrying and breeding device.   The natural enemy insect is a giant bug, and the egg-laying plant is one or more selected from the group consisting of a diatomaceous plant, a scorpionaceae plant, a genus Ortonaceae, and an asteraceae plant. The natural enemy insect carrying and breeding apparatus according to claim 9. 11. The natural enemy insect according to claim 10, wherein the spawning plant is one or more selected from the group consisting of Echeveria, Kagetsu, Nijinotama, Kalanchoe, Colmnea, Porturaca, Otonakapensis, and Geranium. Carrying and breeding device.

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