JP2006220476A - Surveying target and method of surveying - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surveying target which can correctly detect a measuring point, by surveying with a laser scanner, and can accurately and moreover, carry out the unifying work of the surveying target by a worker in a short time and with ease. <P>SOLUTION: The surveying target 1 includes a support 5 which a lower end section is driven in near the measuring point 3, and is erected in a perpendicular state, a cylindrical reflector (reflector) 7 provided integrally in the upper end section of the support 5, and a centripetalism means 9 for performing positioning in the horizontal direction and in the vertical direction to the measuring point 3 of the reflector 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a surveying target and surveying method used for electronic surveying using a laser scanner, a light wave rangefinder, or the like.

Traditionally, in traverse surveying (polygonal surveying), workers set up a target bar (staff) on the survey point, visually inspecting the staff from the transit and checking the angle, and the distance is a tape measure such as a direct tape measure. The method of measuring with is known.
In such a method, at least 2 to 3 workers are required, and it is troublesome to perform point-by-point surveying, and it takes time and labor, and it cannot be denied that work efficiency is low.
Further, it is difficult to accurately set up the stick (staff) on the measuring point, that is, to accurately perform the centripetal work, and the worker needs skill.

In order to cope with such problems, in recent years, surveying targets having reflectors that reflect light are installed at each survey point, and the surveying device emits light to each survey target and receives the reflected light. Electronic surveying is performed to process and analyze the acquired data.
As this type of surveying instrument, for example, a total station is used which has an integrated lightwave distance measuring function for measuring distance and a transit function for measuring angle.
However, surveying with a light wave range finder requires observation at each point, which takes time.

JP 2004-205413 A JP 2003-240548 A

In recent years, laser scanners have been developed and marketed. This laser scanner receives reflected light of a laser beam while rotating in the horizontal direction and measures the position of the reflection point, and is used to measure terrain changes and the like.
If this laser scanner is used for surveying, it is not necessary to perform point-by-point surveying as in the case of traverse surveying, so that work efficiency can be improved and overall work time can be shortened.
However, since the laser scanner receives all the reflected light in the horizontal direction, it cannot be used as it is for the surveying to be measured by detecting only the measuring points.

An object of the present invention is to provide a surveying target that can accurately detect a survey point even in surveying with a laser scanner and enables highly accurate surveying.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a surveying target that can perform centripetal work accurately and easily in a short time, and enables highly accurate surveying.
Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a surveying target capable of improving the surveying work efficiency and shortening the entire work time.
In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a surveying method using a laser scanner, a light wave range finder or the like.

  The invention described in claim 1 is a surveying target having a reflector that is installed at a surveying point and reflects light emitted from a surveying instrument, and a support that supports the reflector, and the support that is integrated with the support The surveying target is provided with centripetal means for positioning the reflector with respect to the measurement point.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the surveying target according to the first aspect, the centripetal means is a linear body hung from the lower surface side central portion of the reflector, and is suspended from the linear body. A surveying target having a weight.

  The invention described in claim 3 is the surveying target according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflector has a reflecting surface capable of reflecting light in a range of approximately 360 ° in a horizontal plane. Surveying target.

  In the invention according to claim 4, a surveying target is installed at a survey point, light is emitted from the surveying device toward the surveying target, and reflected light from the surveying target is received to acquire data. In the surveying method for performing surveying, a laser scanner is used as the surveying device.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the surveying method according to claim 4, wherein the surveying target according to claim 1, 2 or 3 is used as the surveying target.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, a surveying target is installed at a survey point, light is emitted toward the surveying target from a surveying instrument having a light wave rangefinder, and reflected light from the surveying target is received. In the surveying method for acquiring data and performing surveying, the surveying target according to claim 1, 2 or 3 is used as the surveying target.

According to the invention described in claim 1 or 2, the laser scanner can accurately detect the measurement point even in the surveying by the laser scanner. In addition, the operator can perform the centripetal operation of the surveying target accurately and easily in a short time.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the reflector has no directivity in the horizontal plane, it is possible to reliably reflect a laser beam or the like from any direction as long as it is horizontal. Therefore, installation on the measuring point is further facilitated.

According to invention of Claim 4, a laser scanner can detect a measurement point correctly and can obtain a highly accurate survey result. Since the laser scanner can measure multiple measuring points with a single rotation, work efficiency can be improved and overall work time can be shortened.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the operator can perform the centripetal operation of the surveying target accurately and easily in a short time, and the use of a laser scanner with high work efficiency enables the work efficiency to be improved. The overall work time can be significantly shortened.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the worker can accurately perform the centripetal operation of the surveying target in a short time. Therefore, the work efficiency can be increased and the overall work time can be shortened.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
FIG. 1 shows an installation state of a surveying target 1 in the present embodiment. The survey target 1 is driven at the lower end by a hammer or the like not shown in the vicinity of the survey point 3 formed of a material such as concrete or plastic provided on the ground of the survey target region, or by a worker's hand. The support 5 inserted in a vertical state by a vertical position, a cylindrical reflector (reflector) 7 integrally provided at the upper end of the support 5, and the horizontal and vertical directions of the reflector 7 with respect to the measuring point 3 It has a centripetal means 9 for positioning in the direction.

The support 5 includes a rod-shaped support column 11 with a sharpened lower end, a support arm 13 that is provided integrally with the upper end of the support 11 and extends substantially horizontally, and an end of the support arm 13 from the center of the support 11. The reflector holding portion 15 is fixed substantially vertically (substantially parallel to the support column 11) with a gap in the horizontal direction. The support column 11 and the support arm 13 are formed of different diameter reinforcing bars, and it is difficult for the support column 11 to come out after being stabbed into the ground, and it can be prevented from wobbling.
As shown in the enlarged partial view, the reflector holding portion 15 is formed in a columnar shape as a whole by fitting a vinyl chloride pipe 19 on a shaft 17 fixed substantially vertically to the end of the support arm 13.
In addition, the support | pillar 11 and the support arm 13 do not necessarily need to be formed with a different diameter reinforcing bar, for example, may be formed with what is comprised with another metal material and does not have an unevenness | corrugation. In addition, at present, it is assumed that a metal material is used from the viewpoint of strength. However, if there is no problem in relation to strength, the support 5 may be partly or integrally molded with plastic. Good.

The reflector 7 has a cylindrical base 21 that is fixed by being fitted into the reflector holding portion 15, and a reflection layer 23 as a reflection surface provided on the surface of the base 21. The reflective layer 23 is formed of Scotchlite (registered trademark) in which an infinite number of microlenses are attached to a fabric, and an excellent reflective function can be obtained even at night. The material of the reflective layer 23 is not limited to this, and various materials can be adopted.
Since the reflector 7 is cylindrical, light can be reflected in a range of approximately 360 ° on the horizontal plane.
The centripetal means 9 includes a hook 25 fixed to the lower surface of the support arm 13, a synthetic resin thread 27 as a linear body hung from the hook 25 from a position corresponding to the lower surface side central portion of the reflector 7, A conical weight 29 having a vertex at the bottom is suspended from the lower end of the thread 27. That is, it has a lowering configuration.
The hook 25 may be integrally formed with the support 5, or the upper end of the thread 27 may be directly fixed to the support arm 13 without providing the hook 25.

As described above, the support arm 13 has a function of separating the reflector 7 from the support column 11, whereby the reflector 7 can be positioned above the measurement point 3 and independent of the support column 11 in space. it can. In other words, the reflector 7 can be positioned on the measuring point 3 without driving the column 11 into the measuring point 3.
When the surveying target 1 is installed, first, the position of the column 11 is determined so that the apex of the weight 29 coincides with the center of the cross mark of the measurement point 3, that is, the centripetal operation is performed, and then driven and fixed.
Although the position may be shifted in the middle of driving, it may be corrected as appropriate while changing the inclination of the column 11.
Since the reflector 7 has no directionality in the horizontal plane, the striking position of the support column 11 may be any position over the entire periphery of the measuring point 3, and if there is a hard place and it is difficult to drive, the position can be changed. Good.
The height of the reflector 7, that is, the height of the support 11 is appropriately set within a range in which the reflector 7 can be collimated from a surveying device to be described later after driving. Moreover, the driving amount of the support | pillar 11 is a grade which does not fall down or move by the light vibration etc. by passage of a wind, a motor vehicle, etc.
In the present embodiment, the support body 5 is fixed by driving one strut 11, but the reflector 7 may be supported by three or more legs. In this case, the driving work is not necessary.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a system configuration of a surveying method using the surveying target 1.
In this survey case, there are four survey points 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, and the survey target 1 described above is installed at each survey point 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d.
A laser scanner 31 as a surveying instrument is installed in an appropriate part (for example, the central part) of the area surrounded by the respective measurement points 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d.
The laser scanner 31 includes a tripod 33 installed on the ground, a support base (manual mount) 35 provided on the upper surface of the tripod 33, a laser scanner main body 37 supported on the support base 35, and an upper surface of the laser scanner main body 37. And a personal computer (notebook PC) 41 as a control means for performing data processing, analysis, control, and the like.
As shown in FIG. 3, the scanning angle of the laser scanner 31 in the present embodiment is 80 ° in the line scan (up and down) direction and 360 ° in the frame scan (left and right) direction.

In response to the measurement command signal from the personal computer 41, the laser scanner body 37 starts scanning while rotating in the horizontal direction at a predetermined scan step angle (here, 0.12 °) as shown in FIG. . Laser light is emitted toward the reflector 7 of each surveying target 1 with a predetermined pulse width, and the reflected light is received to acquire data such as distance and angle.
A plurality of reflected lights are obtained from the cylindrical reflector 7 over a certain range in the horizontal direction, and the center position (measurement point) of the reflector 7 is calculated based on the data group.
Even if there are many measuring points 3 around the laser scanner 31, the measurement (data acquisition) is completed by one rotation of the laser scanner main body 37.
When the reflector 7 has a height difference (vertical angle) with respect to the laser scanner main body 37, the laser scanner main body 37 is controlled to rotate in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. Opposite to.

In the surveying method according to the present embodiment, the laser scanner 31 is used as the surveying device. However, a well-known optical wave rangefinder or a total station may be used.
Moreover, as a reflector, you may use the conventional flat thing and the other shape (for example, semi-cylindrical shape or spherical shape).

It is a perspective view which shows the use condition of the surveying target in one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the system configuration | structure of a surveying method. It is the schematic which shows the scanning operation | movement of a laser scanner.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Target for surveying 3 Measuring point 5 Support body 7 Reflector 9 Centering means 23 Reflective layer as a reflecting surface 27 Thread as linear body 29 Weight 31 Laser scanner as surveying instrument

Claims (6)

In the survey target that has a reflector that reflects the light emitted from the surveying instrument, installed at the survey point,
A surveying target, comprising: a support for supporting the reflector; and a centripetal means provided integrally with the support for positioning the reflector with respect to the measurement point. The surveying target according to claim 1,
A surveying target, wherein the centripetal means has a linear body hung from the lower surface side central portion of the reflector, and a weight suspended from the linear body. In the surveying target according to claim 1 or 2,
A surveying target, wherein the reflector has a reflective surface capable of reflecting light in a range of approximately 360 ° on a horizontal plane. In a surveying method in which a surveying target is installed at a survey point, light is emitted from the surveying instrument toward the surveying target, reflected light from the surveying target is received to obtain data, and surveying is performed.
A surveying method using a laser scanner as the surveying device. The surveying method according to claim 4,
A surveying method using the survey target according to claim 1, 2 or 3 as the survey target. A surveying target is installed at the survey point, light is emitted from the surveying device having a light wave range finder toward the surveying target, reflected light from the surveying target is received, data is acquired, and surveying is performed. In the surveying method to be performed,
A surveying method using the survey target according to claim 1, 2 or 3 as the survey target.

Images