JP2006033493A - Imaging apparatus - Google Patents

Imaging apparatus Download PDF

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JP2006033493A
JP2006033493A JP2004210326A JP2004210326A JP2006033493A JP 2006033493 A JP2006033493 A JP 2006033493A JP 2004210326 A JP2004210326 A JP 2004210326A JP 2004210326 A JP2004210326 A JP 2004210326A JP 2006033493 A JP2006033493 A JP 2006033493A
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color filter
plane
filter array
imaging device
color
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Takayuki Hayashi
孝行 林
Michihiro Yamagata
道弘 山形
Kazutake Boku
一武 朴
Yasuhiro Tanaka
康弘 田中
Kenichi Hayashi
謙一 林
Yoshimasa Fushimi
吉正 伏見
Shigeki Murata
茂樹 村田
Hiroaki Okayama
裕昭 岡山
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inexpensive imaging apparatus where crosstalk is suppressed and the number of components and mandays are reduced. <P>SOLUTION: Respective microlenses 21 in a microlens array 20 form subject images in a plurality of pixels 11 of an imaging device 10. A first color filter array 31 is arranged on a subject side compared with the imaging device 10, and a second color filter array 32 is arranged between the first color filter array 31 and the imaging device 10. The first and second color filter arrays 31 and 32 are provided with at least 2 kinds of color filters of the same arrangement. The color filters provided in the first and second color filter arrays 31 and 32 and the microlenses 10 correspond to each other by one to one. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は撮像装置に関する。特に、多数の画素を有する固体撮像素子の被写体側の平面内に複数の微小レンズを配列した微小レンズアレイを配置した撮像装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus. In particular, the present invention relates to an imaging apparatus in which a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses are arranged in a plane on the subject side of a solid-state imaging device having a large number of pixels is arranged.

近年市場規模が大きくなりつつあるデジタルスチルカメラの市場においては、より携帯性に優れた小型・薄型のカメラに対するニーズが高まってきている。信号処理を担うＬＳＩ等の回路部品は、配線パターンの微細化などにより高機能で小型化が進んでいる。また、記録メディアも小型・大容量のものが廉価にて入手できるようになってきている。しかしながら、レンズとＣＣＤやＣＭＯＳなどの固体撮像素子とで構成される撮像系の小型化は未だ十分とは言えず、より携帯性に優れたカメラを実現するためにも小型の撮像系の開発が要望されている。   In the market of digital still cameras whose market scale has been increasing in recent years, there is an increasing need for small and thin cameras with superior portability. Circuit components such as LSIs that are responsible for signal processing are highly functional and miniaturized due to miniaturization of wiring patterns. In addition, recording media having a small size and a large capacity are becoming available at a low price. However, the downsizing of an imaging system composed of a lens and a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD or CMOS is still not sufficient, and the development of a small imaging system has been developed in order to realize a more portable camera. It is requested.

撮像系の小型化を実現するための構成として、平面上に複数の微小レンズを配列したレンズアレイ光学系を用いた撮像装置が知られている。従来の光軸上に複数のレンズを並べた光学系は、光軸方向に長くなるため体積が増大し、またレンズ径が大きいため収差が大きくなるという問題を有していた。これに対して、レンズアレイ光学系は、光軸方向に薄くでき、かつ個々の微小レンズ径が小さいため収差を比較的小さく抑えることが可能である。   As a configuration for realizing downsizing of an imaging system, an imaging apparatus using a lens array optical system in which a plurality of minute lenses are arranged on a plane is known. A conventional optical system in which a plurality of lenses are arranged on the optical axis has a problem that the volume increases because the lens becomes long in the optical axis direction, and the aberration increases because the lens diameter is large. On the other hand, the lens array optical system can be made thin in the optical axis direction, and each microlens diameter is small, so that the aberration can be kept relatively small.

このようなレンズアレイを用いた撮像装置が特許文献１に開示されている。この撮像装置は、図６に示すように、被写体側から順に、複数の微小レンズ１１１ａが同一平面内に配列された微小レンズアレイ１１１と、各微小レンズ１１１ａからの光信号が互いに混信しないように分離するための格子枠状の隔壁１１２ａからなる隔壁層１１２と、多数の光電変換素子１１３ａが同一平面内に配置された受光素子アレイ１１３とを備える。１つの微小レンズ１１１ａと、これに対応する、隔壁１１２ａによって分離された１つの空間と、複数の光電変換素子１１３ａとが、１つの結像ユニット１１５を構成する。個々の結像ユニット１１５において、微小レンズ１１１ａが、対応する複数の光電変換素子１１３ａ上に被写体像を結像する。これにより、結像ユニット１１５ごとに撮影画像が得られる。この撮影画像の解像度は１つの結像ユニット１１５を構成する光電変換素子１１３ａの数（画素数）に依存する。被写体に対する個々の微小レンズ１１１ａの相対的位置が異なることにより、複数の光電変換素子１１３ａ上に形成される被写体像の結像位置が結像ユニット１１５ごとに異なる。その結果、得られる撮影画像は結像ユニット１１５ごとに異なる。この互いに異なる複数の撮影画像を信号処理することにより、一つの画像を得ることができる。   An imaging apparatus using such a lens array is disclosed in Patent Document 1. As shown in FIG. 6, in this imaging apparatus, a microlens array 111 in which a plurality of microlenses 111a are arranged in the same plane in order from the subject side, and optical signals from the microlenses 111a do not interfere with each other. A partition layer 112 including a grid frame partition 112a for separation and a light receiving element array 113 in which a large number of photoelectric conversion elements 113a are arranged in the same plane are provided. One microlens 111a, the corresponding one space separated by the partition 112a, and the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 113a constitute one imaging unit 115. In each imaging unit 115, the micro lens 111a forms an object image on the corresponding plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 113a. As a result, a captured image is obtained for each imaging unit 115. The resolution of the captured image depends on the number of photoelectric conversion elements 113a (the number of pixels) constituting one imaging unit 115. Since the relative positions of the individual microlenses 111a with respect to the subject are different, the imaging positions of the subject images formed on the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 113a are different for each imaging unit 115. As a result, the obtained captured image is different for each imaging unit 115. One image can be obtained by performing signal processing on a plurality of different captured images.

この撮像装置では、個々の結像ユニット１１５を構成する画素数は少ないため、個々の結像ユニット１１５から得られる撮影画像の画質は低いが、複数の結像ユニット１１５においてそれぞれ得られる少しずつずれた撮影画像を用いて信号処理して画像を再構築することにより、多数の光電変換素子で撮影した場合と同様の画質の映像を得ることができる。   In this imaging apparatus, since the number of pixels constituting each image forming unit 115 is small, the image quality of the captured image obtained from each image forming unit 115 is low, but the image obtained in each of the plurality of image forming units 115 is slightly shifted. By reconstructing the image by performing signal processing using the captured image, it is possible to obtain a video image having the same image quality as that obtained by capturing with a large number of photoelectric conversion elements.

図６の撮像装置では、微小レンズ１１１ａからの光がこの微小レンズ１１１ａと対応しない隣の結像ユニット１１５の光電変換素子１１３ａに入射する（この現象を「クロストーク」と呼ぶ）と、高画質の画像を再構築できなかったり、迷光が発生して画質が劣化したり、光損失を生じたりする。従って、クロストークを防止するために、隔壁層１１２が用いられている。特許文献１では、これと同様の効果は、隔壁層１１２に代えて、結像ユニット１１５ごとに偏向方向が直交するように偏向透過フィルタを配置した偏向フィルタアレイを微小レンズアレイ１１１面及び受光素子アレイ１１３面にそれぞれ配置しても得られると記載されている。
特開２００１−６１１０９号公報 In the image pickup apparatus of FIG. 6, when light from the minute lens 111a is incident on the photoelectric conversion element 113a of the adjacent imaging unit 115 that does not correspond to the minute lens 111a (this phenomenon is referred to as “crosstalk”), high image quality is obtained. The image cannot be reconstructed, stray light is generated and the image quality is deteriorated, or light loss is caused. Therefore, the partition layer 112 is used to prevent crosstalk. In Patent Document 1, the same effect is obtained by replacing the partition layer 112 with a deflection filter array in which a deflection transmission filter is disposed so that the deflection direction is orthogonal to each imaging unit 115 and the surface of the micro lens array 111 and the light receiving element. It is described that it can also be obtained by arranging each on the surface of the array 113.
JP 2001-61109 A

しかしながら、上記の図６の撮像装置に使用される隔壁層１１２は、各結像ユニット１１５に対応する隔壁１１２ａを形成するために、ステンレス鋼などを微細加工して高精度に組み立てられて作成される。従って、工程が煩雑で、コスト高となる。また、得られた隔壁層１１２と微小レンズアレイ１１１及び受光素子アレイ１１３とを相対的位置を厳密に管理しながら組み立てる必要があり、組立作業が煩雑となる。   However, the partition wall layer 112 used in the above-described imaging device of FIG. 6 is formed by finely assembling stainless steel or the like with high precision in order to form the partition walls 112a corresponding to the imaging units 115. The Therefore, the process is complicated and the cost is increased. Further, it is necessary to assemble the obtained partition wall layer 112, the microlens array 111, and the light receiving element array 113 while strictly managing the relative positions, and the assembling work becomes complicated.

また、隔壁層１１２の代わりに使用される偏向フィルタアレイは、回折格子や屈折型光学素子を用いて作成されるため、部品点数や組み立て工数が増加する。   In addition, since the deflection filter array used instead of the partition wall layer 112 is formed using a diffraction grating or a refractive optical element, the number of parts and the number of assembly steps increase.

本発明は、従来の上記の撮像装置が有する問題を解決し、クロストークが抑制でき、且つ部品点数や工数が低減された安価な撮像装置を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the conventional imaging apparatus described above, and to provide an inexpensive imaging apparatus that can suppress crosstalk and reduce the number of parts and man-hours.

本発明の撮像装置は、第１平面内に配置された光電変換機能を有する多数の画素を備える固体撮像素子と、第２平面内に配置された複数の微小レンズを備える微小レンズアレイとを有する。１つの前記微小レンズに対して複数の前記画素が対応し、それぞれの前記微小レンズが対応する複数の前記画素に被写体像を結像する。   The imaging device of the present invention includes a solid-state imaging device including a large number of pixels having a photoelectric conversion function arranged in a first plane, and a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses arranged in a second plane. . A plurality of pixels correspond to one minute lens, and a subject image is formed on the plurality of pixels corresponding to each minute lens.

本発明の撮像装置は、更に、前記第１平面に対して被写体側の第３平面内に配置された少なくとも２種以上のカラーフィルタを備える第１カラーフィルタアレイと、前記第１カラーフィルタアレイのカラーフィルタと同じ配置で前記第３平面と前記第１平面との間に位置する第４平面内に配置された少なくとも２種以上のカラーフィルタを備える第２カラーフィルタアレイとを有し、前記第１カラーフィルタアレイの前記カラーフィルタと前記微小レンズ、及び前記第２カラーフィルタアレイの前記カラーフィルタと前記微小レンズとは、いずれも一対一に対応している。   The imaging apparatus of the present invention further includes a first color filter array including at least two or more color filters arranged in a third plane on the subject side with respect to the first plane, and the first color filter array. A second color filter array comprising at least two or more kinds of color filters arranged in a fourth plane located between the third plane and the first plane in the same arrangement as the color filter, The color filter and the micro lens of one color filter array and the color filter and the micro lens of the second color filter array all correspond one to one.

本発明によれば、同じカラーフィルタ配置を有する第１カラーフィルタアレイと第２カラーフィルタアレイとを備えるので、従来の撮像装置において必須であった隔壁層や偏光フィルタアレイを用いることなく、クロストークの発生を抑制できる。   According to the present invention, since the first color filter array and the second color filter array having the same color filter arrangement are provided, the crosstalk can be achieved without using the partition layer and the polarization filter array that are essential in the conventional imaging device. Can be suppressed.

クロストークを抑制できるので、画質劣化を少なくできること、また、迷光の発生を抑えることができることなどにより、高画質画像を撮影できる。   Since crosstalk can be suppressed, image quality deterioration can be reduced, and generation of stray light can be suppressed.

また、隔壁層や偏光フィルタアレイが不要であるので、組立作業を簡素化でき、また部品点数を削減できるので、安価な撮像装置を提供できる。更に、部品精度や組立精度を向上できるので、高品質の撮像装置を提供できる。   Further, since the partition layer and the polarizing filter array are unnecessary, the assembling work can be simplified and the number of parts can be reduced, so that an inexpensive imaging device can be provided. Furthermore, since the component accuracy and assembly accuracy can be improved, a high-quality imaging device can be provided.

本発明の上記撮像装置において、前記第１カラーフィルタアレイ及び前記第２カラーフィルタアレイは、赤色光を透過するカラーフィルタと、緑色光を透過するカラーフィルタと、青色光を透過するカラーフィルタとを含むことが好ましい。これにより、カラー撮影を行うことができる。   In the imaging device of the present invention, the first color filter array and the second color filter array include a color filter that transmits red light, a color filter that transmits green light, and a color filter that transmits blue light. It is preferable to include. Thereby, color photography can be performed.

また、前記第１カラーフィルタアレイ及び前記第２カラーフィルタアレイにおいて、同種のカラーフィルタが相互に隣り合わないように、前記２種以上のカラーフィルタが市松模様状に配置されていることが好ましい。これにより、クロストークを低減できる。   In the first color filter array and the second color filter array, it is preferable that the two or more types of color filters are arranged in a checkered pattern so that the same type of color filters are not adjacent to each other. Thereby, crosstalk can be reduced.

また、前記第３平面は、前記第２平面に対して被写体側に位置することが好ましい。これにより、撮像装置の全体の厚みを薄くしながら、第１カラーフィルタアレイと第２カラーフィルタアレイとの間の間隔を比較的大きく確保できるので、クロストークの低減効果が向上する。   The third plane is preferably located on the subject side with respect to the second plane. As a result, a relatively large distance between the first color filter array and the second color filter array can be ensured while reducing the overall thickness of the imaging device, thereby improving the crosstalk reduction effect.

あるいは、前記第３平面は、前記第２平面と前記第４平面との間に位置し、前記第３平面と前記第４平面とが離間していることが好ましい。この構成でも、第１カラーフィルタアレイと第２カラーフィルタアレイとの間の間隔を確保することによりクロストークを低減することができる。   Alternatively, it is preferable that the third plane is located between the second plane and the fourth plane, and the third plane and the fourth plane are separated from each other. Even in this configuration, it is possible to reduce crosstalk by securing a space between the first color filter array and the second color filter array.

また、前記第２カラーフィルタアレイは、固体撮像素子の入射面に近接して、又は前記入射面上に配置されていることが好ましい。これにより、第２カラーフィルタアレイと固体撮像素子との間でのクロストークを低減できる。   Further, it is preferable that the second color filter array is disposed in the vicinity of or on the incident surface of the solid-state imaging device. Thereby, the crosstalk between the second color filter array and the solid-state imaging device can be reduced.

また、前記第１カラーフィルタアレイ及び前記第２カラーフィルタアレイは、赤外光を透過するカラーフィルタ及び／又は紫外光を透過するカラーフィルタを含んでいても良い。これにより、赤外線及び／又は紫外線による撮影が可能となる。   The first color filter array and the second color filter array may include a color filter that transmits infrared light and / or a color filter that transmits ultraviolet light. Thereby, photographing with infrared rays and / or ultraviolet rays can be performed.

また、前記固体撮像素子の多数の前記画素からの信号のうち、同種の前記カラーフィルタに対応する前記画素からの信号のみを選択的に抽出する抽出回路を更に備えていても良い。これにより、所望する特定の波長帯の光のみを選択して撮影することが可能となる。   An extraction circuit may be further provided that selectively extracts only signals from the pixels corresponding to the same type of color filter from among the signals from many pixels of the solid-state imaging device. As a result, it is possible to select and shoot only light in a specific wavelength band desired.

前記固体撮像素子は、ＣＣＤであっても良い。あるいは、ＣＭＯＳであっても良い。   The solid-state image sensor may be a CCD. Alternatively, it may be a CMOS.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

（実施の形態１）
図１は、本発明の実施の形態１の撮像装置の概略構成を示した斜視図である。図２は、本発明の実施の形態１の撮像装置の、微小レンズの光軸を含む面での部分断面図である。図３（Ａ）は、本発明の実施の形態１の撮像装置において、固体撮像素子からの信号の処理の概略を示した図である。図３（Ｂ）は、本発明の実施の形態１の撮像装置において、１つの結像ユニットを構成する受光部を示した斜視図である。 (Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention on the plane including the optical axis of the microlens. FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an outline of processing of signals from the solid-state imaging device in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 3B is a perspective view showing a light receiving unit constituting one imaging unit in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

図１から図３において、１０は第１平面内に縦横方向に配列された多数の画素１１を備える固体撮像素子（例えば、ＣＣＤやＣＭＯＳ）、２０は、第１平面と平行で且つ離間した第２平面内に縦横方向に配列された複数の微小レンズ２１を備える微小レンズアレイである。   1 to 3, reference numeral 10 denotes a solid-state imaging device (for example, CCD or CMOS) having a large number of pixels 11 arranged in the first plane in the vertical and horizontal directions, and 20 denotes a first parallel and spaced apart from the first plane. The microlens array includes a plurality of microlenses 21 arranged in two planes in the vertical and horizontal directions.

３１は、第１平面と平行で、且つ第１平面よりも被写体側の第３平面内に縦横方向に配列された複数のカラーフィルタを備える第１カラーフィルタアレイである。３２は、第１平面と平行で、且つ第３平面と第１平面との間に位置する第４平面内に縦横方向に配列された複数のカラーフィルタを備える第２カラーフィルタアレイである。本実施の形態では、第１及び第２カラーフィルタアレイ３１，３２は、赤色光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタＲと、緑色光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタＧと、青色光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタＢとを備え、これらが格子枠状に区分された各領域内に市松模様状に配置されている。第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１と第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２とは、カラーフィルタＲ，Ｇ，Ｂの配置に関して同一である。   A first color filter array 31 includes a plurality of color filters that are parallel to the first plane and arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions in a third plane closer to the subject than the first plane. Reference numeral 32 denotes a second color filter array including a plurality of color filters arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions in a fourth plane that is parallel to the first plane and located between the third plane and the first plane. In the present embodiment, the first and second color filter arrays 31 and 32 selectively select a color filter R that selectively transmits red light, a color filter G that selectively transmits green light, and blue light. And a color filter B that is transparent to each other, and these are arranged in a checkered pattern in each region divided into a lattice frame shape. The first color filter array 31 and the second color filter array 32 are the same with respect to the arrangement of the color filters R, G, and B.

１つの微小レンズ２１に対して、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１を構成する赤・緑・青のうちの何れか一色のカラーフィルタ、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２を構成する赤・緑・青のうちの何れか一色のカラーフィルタ、及び複数の画素１１が対応し、これらによって１つの結像ユニット４０が構成される。同じ結像ユニット４０を構成する第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１のカラーフィルタの色と第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２のカラーフィルタの色とは一致する。   For one minute lens 21, one of the red, green, and blue color filters constituting the first color filter array 31 and the red, green, and blue constituting the second color filter array 32. Any one color filter and the plurality of pixels 11 correspond to each other, and one imaging unit 40 is configured by these. The color of the color filter of the first color filter array 31 and the color of the color filter of the second color filter array 32 constituting the same imaging unit 40 are the same.

被写体からの光束は、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１にて赤緑青の何れかの色光のみが選択されてこれを透過し、複数の微小レンズ２１に入射する。各微小レンズ２１は、対応する複数の画素１１上に被写体像を形成する。微小レンズ２１を出射した赤緑青の何れかの色光は、画素１１に達する前に、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２に入射する。第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２の各カラーフィルタは、入射光のうち、自身のカラーフィルタの色と同じ色光のみを透過させる。   For the light flux from the subject, only the red, green, and blue color light is selected by the first color filter array 31, passes therethrough, and enters the plurality of microlenses 21. Each microlens 21 forms a subject image on a plurality of corresponding pixels 11. Any of the red, green, and blue color light emitted from the minute lens 21 enters the second color filter array 32 before reaching the pixel 11. Each color filter of the second color filter array 32 transmits only the same color light as the color of its own color filter among the incident light.

本実施の形態の撮像装置は、上記の構成によりクロストークを防止できる。これを図２を用いて説明する。   The imaging device according to the present embodiment can prevent crosstalk with the above configuration. This will be described with reference to FIG.

例えば、被写体からの光線Ｒ１は、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１の赤色のカラーフィルタＲに入射して、赤色の波長帯の光のみがこれを通過し、微小レンズ２１を通過後、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２の赤色のカラーフィルタＲに入射する。この入射光は赤色の波長帯の光であるから、このカラーフィルタＲを通過することができ、画素１１上に赤色の被写体像を形成する。   For example, the light ray R1 from the subject enters the red color filter R of the first color filter array 31, and only the light in the red wavelength band passes through the second color filter after passing through the minute lens 21. The light enters the red color filter R of the array 32. Since this incident light is light in the red wavelength band, it can pass through this color filter R, and a red subject image is formed on the pixel 11.

一方、光線Ｒ１よりも大きな入射角で撮像装置に入射する被写体からの光線Ｒ２は、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１の赤色のカラーフィルタＲに入射して、赤色の波長帯の光のみがこれを通過し、微小レンズ２１を通過後、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２の隣の結像ユニットを構成する緑色のカラーフィルタＧに入射する。緑色のカラーフィルタＧはこの赤色の波長帯の入射光を通過させない。従って、光線Ｒ２を構成する如何なる波長帯の光も画素１１に達しない。   On the other hand, the light ray R2 from the subject incident on the imaging device at an incident angle larger than the light ray R1 is incident on the red color filter R of the first color filter array 31, and only light in the red wavelength band passes through it. After passing through the minute lens 21, the light enters the green color filter G constituting the imaging unit adjacent to the second color filter array 32. The green color filter G does not pass incident light in the red wavelength band. Therefore, light in any wavelength band constituting the light ray R2 does not reach the pixel 11.

このように、本発明の撮像装置は、各結像ユニット４０が同一色のカラーフィルタを光軸方向に２層備えている。更に、第１及び第２カラーフィルタアレイ３１，３２では色の異なるカラーフィルタＲ，Ｇ，Ｂが市松模様を構成するように配置されている。即ち、任意の１つのカラーフィルタの色と、このカラーフィルタの４つの辺を挟んで縦横方向に隣り合う４つのカラーフィルタの色とが異なるように、カラーフィルタＲ，Ｇ，Ｂが配置されている。この結果、上記光線Ｒ２のように、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１を通過後、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２に入射するまでの間に縦横方向に隣り合う結像ユニット４０間の境界を越える光線は第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２を通過することができない。従って、クロストークの発生を防止することができる。これにより、画質劣化を少なくでき、また、迷光の発生を抑えることができる。この結果、高画質画像を撮影することができる。   As described above, in the imaging apparatus of the present invention, each imaging unit 40 includes two layers of color filters of the same color in the optical axis direction. Further, in the first and second color filter arrays 31 and 32, the color filters R, G, and B having different colors are arranged so as to form a checkered pattern. That is, the color filters R, G, and B are arranged so that the color of an arbitrary color filter and the colors of four color filters adjacent in the vertical and horizontal directions across the four sides of the color filter are different. Yes. As a result, like the light ray R2, light rays that pass through the first color filter array 31 and enter the second color filter array 32 before exceeding the boundary between the imaging units 40 adjacent in the vertical and horizontal directions It cannot pass through the two-color filter array 32. Therefore, occurrence of crosstalk can be prevented. As a result, image quality deterioration can be reduced and the occurrence of stray light can be suppressed. As a result, a high quality image can be taken.

更に、ＣＣＤや液晶表示素子に使用されるカラーフィルタにおいて汎用されているカラーフィルタアレイと同様にして、例えば第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１を微小レンズアレイ２０上に、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２を固体撮像素子１０上に、それぞれ形成すれば良く、上述した従来の撮像装置の隔壁や偏向フィルタアレイに比べて製造を格段に簡単化でき、また、部品点数も削減できる。更に、第１及び第２カラーフィルタアレイ３１，３２自身の精度や微小レンズアレイ２０及び固体撮像素子１０に対する精度も従来に比べて向上できるので、品質が向上し且つ安定する。   Further, in the same manner as a color filter array that is widely used in color filters used for CCDs and liquid crystal display elements, for example, the first color filter array 31 is placed on the microlens array 20 and the second color filter array 32 is solid-state imaged. They may be formed on the element 10 respectively, and the manufacturing can be greatly simplified and the number of components can be reduced as compared with the partition walls and the deflection filter array of the conventional imaging device described above. Furthermore, the accuracy of the first and second color filter arrays 31 and 32 themselves and the accuracy of the microlens array 20 and the solid-state imaging device 10 can be improved as compared with the prior art, so the quality is improved and stabilized.

上記の実施の形態では、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１は微小レンズアレイ２０よりも被写体側に、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２は微小レンズアレイ２０と固体撮像素子１０との間に配置されているが、第１及び第２カラーフィルタアレイ３１，３２の配置は、クロストークの発生が抑制できればこれに限定されない。例えば、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１及び第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２を微小レンズアレイ２０と固体撮像素子１０との間に配置しても良い。この場合、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１と第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２とは光軸方向に所定の距離だけ離間させることが好ましい。両者が近接していると、入射角が大きな光線は隣り合う結像ユニット４０間の境界を越えてしまうので、２枚のカラーフィルタアレイ３１，３２を用いたことが実質的に無意味となる。   In the above embodiment, the first color filter array 31 is disposed closer to the subject than the minute lens array 20, and the second color filter array 32 is disposed between the minute lens array 20 and the solid-state imaging device 10. The arrangement of the first and second color filter arrays 31 and 32 is not limited to this as long as the occurrence of crosstalk can be suppressed. For example, the first color filter array 31 and the second color filter array 32 may be disposed between the minute lens array 20 and the solid-state imaging device 10. In this case, the first color filter array 31 and the second color filter array 32 are preferably separated by a predetermined distance in the optical axis direction. If the two are close to each other, a light beam having a large incident angle exceeds the boundary between the adjacent imaging units 40, so that it is substantially meaningless to use the two color filter arrays 31 and 32. .

但し、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２、及び微小レンズアレイ２０の配置順序にかかわらず、第１カラーフィルタアレイ３１よりも固体撮像素子１０寄りに配置される第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２は、固体撮像素子１０の入射面に近接して、又は固体撮像素子１０の入射面上に配置されていることが好ましい。これにより、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２を通過した光線が、隣り合う結像ユニット４０間の境界を越えた後、固体撮像素子１０に入射するのを低減することができる。即ち、第２カラーフィルタアレイ３２と固体撮像素子１０との間でのクロストークの発生を低減できる。   However, regardless of the arrangement order of the first color filter array 31, the second color filter array 32, and the micro lens array 20, the second color filter array arranged closer to the solid-state imaging device 10 than the first color filter array 31. 32 is preferably disposed in the vicinity of the incident surface of the solid-state image sensor 10 or on the incident surface of the solid-state image sensor 10. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the incidence of the light beam that has passed through the second color filter array 32 after exceeding the boundary between the adjacent imaging units 40 to the solid-state imaging device 10. That is, the occurrence of crosstalk between the second color filter array 32 and the solid-state imaging device 10 can be reduced.

次に、固体撮像素子１０の各受光部１１に入射した光束から画像を得る方法を図３（Ａ）及び図３（Ｂ）を用いて説明する。   Next, a method for obtaining an image from a light beam incident on each light receiving portion 11 of the solid-state imaging device 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B).

図３（Ａ）に示すように、結像ユニット４０ごとに、微小レンズアレイ２０の微小レンズ２１は、被写体９０の像９１を固体撮像素子１０上に結像する。固体撮像素子１０の各受光部（画素）１１は入射した光束を光電変換する。ここで、固体撮像素子１０の水平軸をｘ軸、垂直軸をｙ軸とし、位置（ｘ，ｙ）にある受光部１１からの信号をＩ（ｘ，ｙ）とすると、固体撮像素子１０に含まれる全ての受光部１１についての信号Ｉ（ｘ，ｙ）が読み出される（ステップ１０１）。   As shown in FIG. 3A, the micro lens 21 of the micro lens array 20 forms an image 91 of the subject 90 on the solid-state image sensor 10 for each imaging unit 40. Each light receiving unit (pixel) 11 of the solid-state image sensor 10 photoelectrically converts an incident light beam. Here, assuming that the horizontal axis of the solid-state imaging device 10 is the x-axis, the vertical axis is the y-axis, and the signal from the light receiving unit 11 at the position (x, y) is I (x, y), the solid-state imaging device 10 Signals I (x, y) for all included light receiving units 11 are read (step 101).

次に、この各受光部１１からの信号Ｉ（ｘ，ｙ）を結像ユニット４０ごとに分割する。即ち、図３（Ｂ）に示すように、受光部１１がｍ列×ｎ行に配置された結像ユニット４０内の第ｉ列、第ｋ行の位置にある受光部１１の位置を（ｉ，ｋ）(m,n)とし、この受光部１１からの信号をＩ（ｉ，ｋ）(m,n)とすると、上記各信号Ｉ（ｘ，ｙ）を結像ユニット４０内における信号Ｉ（ｉ，ｋ）(m,n)として取り扱う。この結果、結像ユニット４０ごとにｍ列×ｎ行の画素からなる画像が再構成される（ステップ１０３）。 Next, the signal I (x, y) from each light receiving unit 11 is divided for each imaging unit 40. That is, as shown in FIG. 3B, the position of the light receiving unit 11 at the position of the i th column and the k th row in the imaging unit 40 in which the light receiving units 11 are arranged in m columns × n rows is represented by (i , K) (m, n), and I (i, k) (m, n) as the signal from the light receiving section 11, the signals I (x, y) are the signals I in the imaging unit 40. (I, k) Handled as (m, n) . As a result, an image composed of pixels of m columns × n rows is reconstructed for each imaging unit 40 (step 103).

その後、異なる結像ユニット４０間において、信号Ｉ（ｉ，ｋ）(m,n)を処理して１枚の画像を再構築する（ステップ１０５）。この信号処理としては、上記特許文献１に記載された方法を用いることができ、その詳細説明を省略する。結像ユニット４０内における被写体像９１の形成位置が結像ユニット４０ごとに異なるために、位置（ｉ，ｋ）が同じ受光部１１からの信号Ｉ（ｉ，ｋ）(m,n)は結像ユニット４０ごとに異なる。従って、１つの結像ユニット４０に含まれる受光部１１の数（ｍ×ｎ個）を遙かに超えた高解像度の画像が得られる。 Thereafter, the signal I (i, k) (m, n) is processed between different image forming units 40 to reconstruct one image (step 105). As this signal processing, the method described in Patent Document 1 can be used, and detailed description thereof is omitted. Since the formation position of the subject image 91 in the imaging unit 40 is different for each imaging unit 40, the signal I (i, k) (m, n) from the light receiving unit 11 having the same position (i, k ) is connected. Different for each image unit 40. Therefore, a high-resolution image far exceeding the number (m × n) of the light receiving parts 11 included in one imaging unit 40 is obtained.

（実施の形態２）
図４は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る撮像装置に搭載される第１，第２カラーフィルタアレイ７１，７２のカラーフィルタの配置を示した正面図である。図５は、本発明の実施の形態２に係る撮像装置において固体撮像素子からの信号の処理の流れを示したブロック図である
本実施の形態の撮像装置は、実施の形態１で示した３種のカラーフィルタＲ，Ｇ，Ｂを備える第１，第２カラーフィルタアレイ３１，３２に代えて、図４に示す第１，第２カラーフィルタアレイ７１，７２が使用される。この第１，第２カラーフィルタアレイ７１，７２は、実施の形態１で示した第１，第２カラーフィルタアレイ３１，３２と同様に、赤色光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタＲ、緑色光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタＧ、及び青色光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタＢに加えて、更に赤外光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタＩＲを備える。この４種のカラーフィルタＲ，Ｇ，Ｂ，ＩＲが、結像ユニット４０に対応して格子枠状に区分された各領域内に市松模様状に配置されている。実施の形態１と同様に、隣り合うカラーフィルタの色は同一ではない。これにより、実施の形態１で説明したのと同様に、第１カラーフィルタアレイ７１を通過後、第２カラーフィルタアレイ７２に入射するまでの間に隣り合う結像ユニット４０間の境界を越える光線は第２カラーフィルタアレイ７２を通過することができない。従って、クロストークの発生を防止することができる。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 4 is a front view showing the arrangement of the color filters of the first and second color filter arrays 71 and 72 mounted on the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a flow of processing of signals from the solid-state imaging device in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The imaging apparatus of this embodiment is the same as that shown in 3 of Embodiment 1. Instead of the first and second color filter arrays 31 and 32 having the color filters R, G, and B, the first and second color filter arrays 71 and 72 shown in FIG. 4 are used. Similar to the first and second color filter arrays 31 and 32 shown in the first embodiment, the first and second color filter arrays 71 and 72 are color filters R and green light that selectively transmit red light. In addition to a color filter G that selectively transmits blue light and a color filter B that selectively transmits blue light, a color filter IR that selectively transmits infrared light is further provided. The four types of color filters R, G, B, and IR are arranged in a checkered pattern in each region divided into a lattice frame corresponding to the imaging unit 40. As in the first embodiment, the colors of adjacent color filters are not the same. Thus, as described in the first embodiment, the light beam that passes through the first color filter array 71 and passes the boundary between the adjacent imaging units 40 before entering the second color filter array 72. Cannot pass through the second color filter array 72. Therefore, occurrence of crosstalk can be prevented.

更に、本実施の形態２では、このような撮像装置からの出力信号は図５に示す映像回路５０により以下のように処理される。即ち、固体撮像素子１０の各受光部１１は被写体９０の光信号を光電変換し、出力する。映像回路５０内の抽出回路５１は、固体撮像素子１０からの信号のうち、カラーフィルタの色が同一である結像ユニット４０に含まれる受光部１１からの信号を選択的に抽出する。加算回路５２は、抽出回路５１で抽出された単色の信号に対して図３（Ａ）及び図３（Ｂ）で説明した処理を行い単色の高解像度の画像を再構築する。   Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the output signal from such an imaging apparatus is processed as follows by the video circuit 50 shown in FIG. That is, each light receiving unit 11 of the solid-state imaging device 10 photoelectrically converts the optical signal of the subject 90 and outputs it. An extraction circuit 51 in the video circuit 50 selectively extracts a signal from the light receiving unit 11 included in the imaging unit 40 having the same color of the color filter from the signals from the solid-state imaging device 10. The adder circuit 52 performs the processing described in FIGS. 3A and 3B on the monochrome signal extracted by the extraction circuit 51 to reconstruct a monochrome high-resolution image.

例えば、抽出回路５１が、固体撮像素子１０からの信号のうち、赤、緑、青の３色のカラーフィルタＲ，Ｇ，Ｂに対応する結像ユニット４０からの信号を抽出すると、加算回路５２は、赤、緑、青の３色の画像を再構築する。この３色の画像を合成すれば、表示装置６０にカラー画像を表示することができる。   For example, when the extraction circuit 51 extracts signals from the imaging unit 40 corresponding to the three color filters R, G, and B of red, green, and blue from the signals from the solid-state imaging device 10, the addition circuit 52. Reconstructs a three-color image of red, green and blue. If these three color images are combined, a color image can be displayed on the display device 60.

また、抽出回路５１が、固体撮像素子１０からの信号のうち、赤外光のカラーフィルタＩＲに対応する結像ユニット４０からの信号のみを抽出すると、加算回路５２は、赤外光の画像を再構築する。従って、表示装置６０に赤外線撮影画像を表示することができる。   When the extraction circuit 51 extracts only the signal from the imaging unit 40 corresponding to the infrared light color filter IR from the signals from the solid-state imaging device 10, the addition circuit 52 extracts the infrared light image. Rebuild. Therefore, an infrared image can be displayed on the display device 60.

このように、本実施の形態によれば、第１，第２カラーフィルタアレイ７１，７２がカラーフィルタＲ，Ｇ，Ｂに加えてカラーフィルタＩＲを備えているために、実施の形態１と同様にカラー撮影を行うことができるのはもちろん、夜間などの肉眼では視認できない暗闇での赤外線撮影も行うことができる。   Thus, according to the present embodiment, since the first and second color filter arrays 71 and 72 include the color filter IR in addition to the color filters R, G, and B, the same as in the first embodiment. In addition to being able to perform color photography, it is also possible to perform infrared photography in the dark that cannot be seen with the naked eye, such as at night.

もちろん、抽出回路５１が、赤、緑、青の３色のうちの任意の１色又は２色に対応する結像ユニット４０からの信号のみを抽出して、所望する色の画像を得ることも可能である。   Of course, the extraction circuit 51 may extract only signals from the imaging unit 40 corresponding to any one or two of the three colors of red, green, and blue to obtain an image of a desired color. Is possible.

本実施の形態２では、第１，第２カラーフィルタアレイ７１，７２が赤外光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタＩＲを備えていたが、カラーフィルタＩＲに代えて、又はこれに加えて紫外光を選択的に透過するカラーフィルタを備えていても良い。また、赤外光や紫外光以外の特定の波長帯の光のみを透過させるカラーフィルタを備えていても良い。   In the second embodiment, the first and second color filter arrays 71 and 72 include the color filter IR that selectively transmits infrared light. However, instead of or in addition to the color filter IR, the ultraviolet filter is used. A color filter that selectively transmits light may be provided. Moreover, you may provide the color filter which permeate | transmits only the light of specific wavelength bands other than infrared light and ultraviolet light.

本発明の撮像装置の利用分野は特に制限はないが、小型・薄型でありながら高解像度画像を得ることができるので、例えばデジタルスチルカメラ、携帯電話、ノート型パソコン、ＰＤＡなどの各種携帯型情報端末などに利用することができる。   The field of application of the image pickup apparatus of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it can obtain a high-resolution image while being small and thin. For example, various portable information such as a digital still camera, a mobile phone, a notebook computer, and a PDA. It can be used for terminals.

図１は、本発明の実施の形態１の撮像装置の概略構成を示した分解斜視図である。FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a schematic configuration of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 図２は、本発明の実施の形態１の撮像装置の、微小レンズの光軸を含む面での断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention on a plane including the optical axis of the microlens. 図３（Ａ）は、本発明の実施の形態１の撮像装置において、固体撮像素子からの信号の処理の概略を示した図である。図３（Ｂ）は、本発明の実施の形態１の撮像装置において、１つの結像ユニットを構成する受光部を示した斜視図である。FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an outline of processing of signals from the solid-state imaging device in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 3B is a perspective view showing a light receiving unit constituting one imaging unit in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 図４は、本発明の実施の形態２の撮像装置におけるカラーフィルタアレイを示した正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view showing a color filter array in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 図５は、本発明の実施の形態２の撮像装置において固体撮像素子からの信号の処理の概略を示したブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an outline of processing of signals from the solid-state imaging device in the imaging apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 図６は、従来の撮像装置の概略構成を示した分解斜視図である。FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a conventional imaging apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ 固体撮像素子
１１ 画素
２０ 微小レンズアレイ
２１ 微小レンズ
３１，７１ 第１カラーフィルタアレイ
３２，７２ 第２カラーフィルタアレイ
４０ 結像ユニット
５０ 映像回路
５１ 抽出回路
５２ 加算回路
６０ 表示装置
９０ 被写体 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Solid-state image sensor 11 Pixel 20 Micro lens array 21 Micro lens 31, 71 1st color filter array 32, 72 2nd color filter array 40 Imaging unit 50 Video circuit 51 Extraction circuit 52 Addition circuit 60 Display apparatus 90 Subject

Claims (10)

第１平面内に配置された光電変換機能を有する多数の画素を備える固体撮像素子と、第２平面内に配置された複数の微小レンズを備える微小レンズアレイとを有し、１つの前記微小レンズに対して複数の前記画素が対応し、それぞれの前記微小レンズが対応する複数の前記画素に被写体像を結像する撮像装置であって、
更に、前記第１平面に対して被写体側の第３平面内に配置された少なくとも２種以上のカラーフィルタを備える第１カラーフィルタアレイと、前記第１カラーフィルタアレイのカラーフィルタと同じ配置で前記第３平面と前記第１平面との間に位置する第４平面内に配置された少なくとも２種以上のカラーフィルタを備える第２カラーフィルタアレイとを有し、
前記第１カラーフィルタアレイの前記カラーフィルタと前記微小レンズ、及び前記第２カラーフィルタアレイの前記カラーフィルタと前記微小レンズとは、いずれも一対一に対応していることを特徴とする撮像装置。 One said micro lens which has a solid-state image sensor provided with many pixels which have the photoelectric conversion function arrange | positioned in a 1st plane, and a micro lens array provided with several micro lens arrange | positioned in a 2nd plane A plurality of the pixels corresponding to each other, and each of the microlenses corresponds to a plurality of the pixels that form an image of a subject,
A first color filter array including at least two or more color filters disposed in a third plane on the subject side with respect to the first plane; and the same arrangement as the color filters of the first color filter array. A second color filter array comprising at least two or more color filters disposed in a fourth plane located between the third plane and the first plane;
The image pickup apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the color filter and the minute lens of the first color filter array and the color filter and the minute lens of the second color filter array all correspond one to one. 前記第１カラーフィルタアレイ及び前記第２カラーフィルタアレイは、赤色光を透過するカラーフィルタと、緑色光を透過するカラーフィルタと、青色光を透過するカラーフィルタとを含む請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   2. The imaging according to claim 1, wherein the first color filter array and the second color filter array include a color filter that transmits red light, a color filter that transmits green light, and a color filter that transmits blue light. apparatus. 前記第１カラーフィルタアレイ及び前記第２カラーフィルタアレイにおいて、同種のカラーフィルタが相互に隣り合わないように、前記２種以上のカラーフィルタが市松模様状に配置されている請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   2. The two or more types of color filters are arranged in a checkered pattern in the first color filter array and the second color filter array so that the same type of color filters are not adjacent to each other. Imaging device. 前記第３平面は、前記第２平面に対して被写体側に位置する請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the third plane is located on a subject side with respect to the second plane. 前記第３平面は、前記第２平面と前記第４平面との間に位置し、前記第３平面と前記第４平面とが離間している請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the third plane is located between the second plane and the fourth plane, and the third plane and the fourth plane are separated from each other. 前記第２カラーフィルタアレイは、固体撮像素子の入射面に近接して、又は前記入射面上に配置されている請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the second color filter array is disposed in proximity to or on the incident surface of a solid-state imaging element. 前記第１カラーフィルタアレイ及び前記第２カラーフィルタアレイは、赤外光を透過するカラーフィルタ及び／又は紫外光を透過するカラーフィルタを含む請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first color filter array and the second color filter array include a color filter that transmits infrared light and / or a color filter that transmits ultraviolet light. 前記固体撮像素子の多数の前記画素からの信号のうち、同種の前記カラーフィルタに対応する前記画素からの信号のみを選択的に抽出する抽出回路を更に備える請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: an extraction circuit that selectively extracts only signals from the pixels corresponding to the color filters of the same type from among a number of signals from the pixels of the solid-state imaging device. 前記固体撮像素子がＣＣＤである請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the solid-state imaging device is a CCD. 前記固体撮像素子がＣＭＯＳである請求項１に記載の撮像装置。   The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the solid-state imaging device is a CMOS.
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