JP2005333701A - Operation scheduling method, system and program of distributed energy community system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce calculation load at the time of operation control of a distributed energy community system. <P>SOLUTION: An initial operation scheduling section 35a determines a fuel cell of constant output by receiving information from respective sections 31-34, and makes out an initial operation schedule such that the difference between the power demand of each consumer and the sum of the constant output of the fuel cell and the electric energy of a battery is provided from remaining fuel cells, batteries and a power system 2. An operation schedule altering section 35b makes out an operation schedule by correcting the initial operation schedule using a technique of solving optimization problem to minimize the running cost, i.e. the sum of the fuel cost for generating power from the fuel cell while satisfying the power demand with power supply from the fuel cell, battery and power system, and the system power cost which is the integrated amount of money obtained by selling/purchasing the power at the power price of the power system, and alters the operation schedule when thermoelectric demand changes subsequently. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a control method and a control device for a distributed energy community system, each of which has an energy generation device and an energy storage device, and is composed of a large number of consumers connected to an electric power system.

As a method for performing low-cost operation control by effectively using the energy of a plurality of distributed power supply systems, there is a “distributed energy community system and its control method” described in Patent Document 1. This is because the control center receives data on the power generation amount of the fuel cell, the energy storage amount of the storage battery, and the power consumption amount of the load from the control device of the distributed power source system via the communication line, and the generated power is sent to each distributed power source system. This is a system for commanding a value and a received / transmitted power value and complementarily controlling power supply and demand through a power line between a plurality of distributed power systems having different daily load characteristics of power demand.
JP 2002-44870 A

  However, in the above system, the search area increases as the constraints for determining the control range of the energy generator and the energy storage facility become more complex and the number of controlled objects increases. There is a problem that the accuracy of the optimum solution of the operation plan obtained within a given calculation time becomes worse.

  Moreover, in the said system, when the change of an operation plan is needed for reasons, such as a fluctuation | variation of the demand amount which is load, the efficient search for a short time is needed.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an operation plan creation method and apparatus for a distributed energy community system that can reduce a calculation load and can efficiently perform a search in a short time.

In order to achieve the above object, an operation plan creation method for a distributed energy community system according to the present invention includes:
The output of one or a plurality of energy generators and / or energy storage devices is made constant throughout the system, the power demand required by the consumer, and the energy generator and / or energy storage device of the constant output An initial operation plan creation step of creating an initial operation plan for each consumer so that a difference in the amount of electric power can be covered by power from the remaining energy generation device and / or energy storage device and power system;
While the amount of power supplied from the energy generation device, the energy storage device, and the power system satisfies the power demand, the fuel cost, which is the cost that the energy generation device takes to generate power, and the power An operation plan for correcting the initial operation plan by using a method for solving an optimization problem so as to minimize a running cost which is a sum of a grid power cost which is an integrated value of the amount of money bought and sold at the power price of the power grid. A correction step.

The present invention makes the output of one or a plurality of energy generators and / or energy storage devices constant throughout the entire system when creating an optimal operation plan for a distributed energy community system, An initial operation plan is created so that the difference between the two can be covered by the power from the remaining energy generators and the power system, and the running cost is corrected using a method for solving the optimization problem. Thereby, calculation load can be reduced.
By adjusting the operation time and the number of startups of the energy generator, it is possible to unify the renewal timing of equipment and reduce the operating cost during maintenance.
Or, when the load power amount is different from the actual value and the predicted value and it is necessary to change the operation plan, it is possible to generate the necessary amount of heat at the time when the customer uses heat by performing constant output operation. In addition, it is possible to operate with high power generation efficiency even in the case of the heat main power operation.

  According to the present invention, an operation plan that reduces an energy supply cost by using a method for solving a combination optimization problem after creating an operation plan in which outputs of a predetermined number of energy generation devices and / or energy storage devices are made constant. The search can be efficiently performed in a short time while reducing the calculation load.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a distributed energy community system including a distributed energy community system operation plan creation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, this decentralized energy community system is operated by multiple customers such as customer 1 ₁ , customer 1 ₂ ,..., Customer 1 _n , power system 2, and distributed energy community system operation. It consists of a plan creation device 3. Each consumer ₁ 1 to 1 _n the fuel cell 11 as the energy generating device, a storage battery 12, the hot water storage tank 13 as an energy storage device, power load 14 as an energy load, provided with a thermal load 15, the customers ₁ 1 to 1 _n of the fuel cell 11 and the battery 12 and the power load 14 is connected to the power system 2 in the power line 21 shown by a thin line in the figure, the heat load 15 and the hot water storage tank 13 is connected with the heat pipe 22 shown by a bold line in FIG. Yes. Here, the presence / absence and type of energy generators and energy storage devices installed in each of the consumers 1 ₁ to 1 _n and the form of accommodation are arbitrary. For example, there are a plurality of energy generators and energy storage devices, and excess power. A variety of consumer forms are acceptable, such as a customer who has flexibility, a customer who owns only an electric power load and a heat load, and a customer who owns a gas turbine or a nickel metal hydride battery. Also, decentralized energy community system operation plan creating apparatus 3 to control the fuel cell 11 and the battery 12 at each consumer 1 ₁ to 1 _n, the customers 1 ₁ to 1 by a communication line 23 shown by a dotted line in FIG. _n is connected to the fuel cell 11 and the storage battery 12, and the consumers 1 ₁ to 1 _n send the usage time zone of the heat load 15 from the reporting device 16 to the distributed energy community system operation plan creation device 3 via the communication line 23. Declared.

As shown in FIG. 2, the distributed energy community system operation plan creation device 3 includes a prediction unit 31, an equipment data storage unit 32, a report information reception unit 33, a price information reception unit 34, and an operation plan unit 35. The prediction unit 31 includes a power demand prediction unit 31a and a heat demand prediction unit 31b. The power demand prediction unit 31a performs power demand prediction, and the heat demand prediction unit 31b performs heat demand prediction. The facility data storage unit 32 captures and stores facility data of devices such as the fuel cell 11 and the storage battery 12 from the outside. The reporting information receiving unit 33 receives reporting information transmitted from the reporting device 16 in each customer 1 ₁ to 1 _n . The price information receiving unit 34 receives price information of power and gas from the outside. The operation plan unit 35 includes an initial operation plan unit 35a and an operation plan change unit 35b, and creates an operation plan for each of the consumers 1 ₁ to 1 _n . The initial operation planning unit 35a inputs information from the above-described units 31 to 34, determines a fuel cell 11 having a constant output among the fuel cells 11 of the entire system, and determines the power demand amount and fuel required by each consumer. An initial operation plan is created so that the difference between the constant output of the battery 11 and the amount of power of the storage battery 12 added can be covered by the remaining fuel cell 11, storage battery 12, and power system 2. The operation plan changing unit 35b includes a fuel cost that is an expense required when the fuel cell 11 generates power while the amount of power supplied from the fuel cell 11, the storage battery 11, and the power system 2 satisfies the power demand. In order to minimize the running cost that is the sum of the grid power cost that is the integrated value of the amount of money sold and sold at the power price of the grid 2, the initial operation plan is The operation plan is created after correction, and the operation plan is changed when the demand for thermoelectric power changes. Note that when power is sold, the power cost is negative, and when power is bought, the power cost is positive.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining the overall operation of the distributed energy community system operation plan creation device 3 shown in FIG. Process of Figure 3 is performed in parallel for each consumer 1 ₁ to 1 _n. As shown in the figure, the price of power and gas (gas is used for the fuel cell 11) in the distributed energy community is first received by the price information receiving unit 34 (step 101), and reported by the customer. The use time zone information of the thermal load 15 is received by the report information receiving unit 33 (step 102). The consumer transmits an operation plan that the consumer declares to the distributed energy community system operation plan creation device 3 via the communication line 23 from the reporting device 16 installed in the consumer of FIG. By this declaration, for example, it is possible to respond to a declaration from the customer that they do not want to generate power in the middle of the night for noise countermeasures or a declaration that the fuel cell 11 is to be used as an emergency power source and wants to operate constantly. Subsequently, the prediction unit 31 predicts the demand for power and heat by the thermoelectric demand prediction method (step 103). Next, the fuel cell 11 that performs constant output operation is determined so that the operation plan is created based on the declaration of the consumer and the predicted power demand in the initial operation planning unit 35a (step 104). Next, in the power amount obtained by subtracting the power amount of the fuel cell 11 that performs a constant output operation from the demand power amount in the operation plan change unit 35b, However, the running cost is minimized by using a method for solving an optimization problem such as a genetic algorithm or a tabu search for the electric energy in the time zone other than the time zone where the constant output operation is desired, the electric energy of the storage battery 12 and the system electric energy (steps). 106). In a genetic algorithm, an operation plan is compared to a gene sequence. In nature, good individuals (driving plans) survive and bad ones are deceived (natural selection). There are several different individuals in the same generation, and a good individual is selected by natural selection. The best individual is left in the next generation, and then the optimal solution is obtained by a genetic algorithm such as creating a new individual with reference to the good individual or creating a good individual by mutation. Specifically, first, a plurality of operation plans are created, and the running cost of each operation plan is calculated. Therefore, an operation plan with a low running cost is regarded as a good individual, and a roulette is set with a high probability that the operation plan with a low running cost will survive the next generation. The roulette is rotated by the number of individuals remaining in the next generation, and multiple operation plans to be left in the next generation are selected from the current operation plans by natural selection. The multiple operation plans left for the next generation will change to new operation plans due to crossovers and mutations, and will enter natural selection again. These series of operations are repeated. At this time, the number of units operating at a constant output should be as small as possible. Here, a convergence determination is made (step 107), and if the minimum value of the running cost is not updated for a certain period of time or more, the operation plan is determined as having converged, and the operation plan is determined even if it is continuously updated ( Step 109) Assuming that the fuel cell 11 has not converged, it is assumed that the number of fuel cells 11 in constant output operation at the time of the next operation plan change is increased (step 108). Thereafter, when the actual measurement value of the load demand is different from the predicted value, the operation plan is changed as needed (steps 110 and 111). Thereafter, the demand for electric power and heat is predicted (step 112).

  Then, the determination method of the fuel cell which performs the fixed output operation determined by the distributed energy community system operation plan preparation apparatus 3 as mentioned above is demonstrated.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an example of adjusting the operation time and the number of activations. As shown in FIG. 4, after the thermoelectric demand is predicted (step 103), a past operation history database such as the operation time and the number of activations of each fuel cell 11 is read from the equipment data storage unit 32 shown in FIG. 2 (step 113). ). Here, for example, an operation plan is prepared such that the fuel cell 11 having a long operation time does not start for a certain period of time, or an operation plan for reducing the number of activations by operating the fuel cell 11 having a large number of activations at a constant output ( Step 115), an initial operation plan is determined (Step 105). After the operation plan is determined (steps 106 to 109), the fuel cell 11 is operated based on the determined operation plan (step 116). The operation history is recorded in the equipment data storage unit 32 at any time via the communication line 23 of FIG. 1 (steps 117 and 118). By using the operation history database as described above, when the operation time and the number of activations are different for each fuel cell 11 as shown in FIG. 5, the operation time is created as shown in FIG. It is possible to equalize the number of startups and the number of startups, unify the maintenance time and equipment renewal time, and reduce the operating costs during maintenance.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an example in which the operation output and time of the fuel cell 11 are determined so as to generate in advance the amount of heat at time t when the customer uses heat. As shown in FIG. 7, the heat demand prediction unit 31 b predicts the amount of heat required by the start time t and the start time t of heat use for each customer by predicting the thermoelectric demand. The amount of heat predicted here is based on the declaration of the customer or the result of the heat demand prediction. Among the predicted heat amounts, the heat amount to be covered by the constant output operation is determined by preferentially selecting the heat amount of the consumer that tends to have a high probability of heat use at time t, and the fuel cell 11 that performs the constant output operation is determined. (Steps 120 and 121). Here, the constant output operation time and the power generation output of the fuel cell 11 are determined so as to generate and accumulate necessary heat by time t as shown in FIG. 8 (step 122). Here, the power generation output is an output that maximizes the power generation efficiency, and the amount of heat generated per unit time at the time of the power generation output is calculated (steps 123 and 124). Further, the constant output operation time is calculated by the equation (1) (step 124). It should be noted that the amount of heat required at time t in equation (1) includes heat dissipation loss that occurs until time t.

Constant output operation time = amount of heat required at time t / amount of heat generated per unit time at maximum power generation efficiency (1)
By calculating as described above and generating the predicted heat demand by constant output operation, it is possible to reliably generate the heat amount by constant output operation even if the operation plan is changed. It can respond to declarations such as wanting to take a bath.

FIG. 9 shows an operation plan of the distributed energy community system operation plan creation device 3 when a certain number of fuel cells 11 are operated at a constant output as described above. Here, it is predicted that the customer 1 ₁ has a heat demand at 12:00, and the customer 1 ₂ has a heat demand declaration at 24:00. Therefore, in order to generate each amount of heat by the time required for each customer, the fuel cell 11 constant power operation, respectively, customer 1 ₃ by a predetermined operation at all times by declaration by the consumer of using the fuel cell 11 as an emergency, the customer 1 _4, 1 ₅ the method for solving optimization problems The operation plan that was searched for, and the customer ₁₅ has made a declaration that he does not want to operate the fuel cell at midnight. In addition, the lowest level of FIG. 9 shows the grid power amount, and the line graph shows the demand power amount. When the amount of power demand as shown in FIG. 9 exists, the search range can be reduced by setting a certain number of fuel cells to a constant output from the search range by the conventional method, and an efficient search becomes possible.

  In the above embodiment, the output of only the fuel cell 11 is constant, but the output of the storage battery 12 or both the fuel cell 11 and the storage battery 12 may be constant.

  In addition to the function of the distributed energy community system operation plan creation device realized by dedicated hardware, a program for realizing the function is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and this recording medium The program recorded on the computer may be read into a computer system and executed. The computer-readable recording medium refers to a recording medium such as a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, or a storage device such as a hard disk device built in the computer system. Furthermore, a computer-readable recording medium is a server that dynamically holds a program (transmission medium or transmission wave) for a short period of time, as in the case of transmitting a program via the Internet, and a server in that case. Some of them hold programs for a certain period of time, such as volatile memory inside computer systems.

It is a block diagram of the distributed energy community system of this invention. It is a block diagram of the distributed energy community system operation plan preparation apparatus in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the whole operation | movement of the distributed energy community system operation plan preparation apparatus of FIG. It is a flowchart of the example which adjusts driving time and the frequency | count of starting. An example in which the operation time and the number of activations differ depending on each fuel cell is shown. The example which unified the driving | running time and the frequency | count of starting of FIG. 5 is shown. FIG. 7 is a flowchart of an example of determining the operation output and time of the fuel cell so that the heat demand amount at time t is generated in advance. It is a figure which shows the driving | operation plan which makes a fuel cell operate | move at a fixed output so that the amount of demand heat may be generated by time t. It is a figure which shows the operation plan of the decentralized energy community system operation plan preparation apparatus at the time of carrying out the fixed output operation of a certain fixed number of fuel cells.

Explanation of symbols

1 ₁ to 1 _n Consumer 2 Power system 3 Operation plan creation device 11 Fuel cell 12 Storage battery 13 Hot water storage tank 14 Electric power load 15 Thermal load 16 Declaration device 21 Power line 22 Thermal piping 23 Communication line 31 Prediction unit 31a Power demand prediction unit 31b Heat Demand prediction unit 32 Equipment data storage unit 33 Report information receiving unit 34 Price information receiving unit 35 Operation planning unit 35a Initial operation planning unit 35b Operation plan changing unit 101-124 steps

Claims (7)

In a method for creating an operation plan of a distributed energy community system comprising an energy generator, an energy storage device, and an energy load, and comprising a large number of consumers connected to an electric power system,
The output of one or a plurality of energy generators and / or energy storage devices is made constant throughout the system, the power demand required by the consumer, and the energy generator and / or energy storage device of the constant output An initial operation plan creation step of creating an initial operation plan for each consumer so that a difference in the amount of electric power can be covered by power from the remaining energy generation device and / or energy storage device and power system;
While the amount of power supplied from the energy generation device, the energy storage device, and the power system satisfies the power demand, the fuel cost, which is the cost that the energy generation device takes to generate power, and the power An operation plan for correcting the initial operation plan by using a method for solving an optimization problem so as to minimize a running cost which is a sum of a grid power cost which is an integrated value of the amount of money bought and sold at the power price of the power grid. A method for preparing an operation plan for a distributed energy community system, comprising: a correction step.   The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the initial operation plan creation step, an energy generator that operates at a constant output is selected from those having high energy conversion efficiency.   2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the initial operation plan creation step, the operation time and the number of activations of the energy generation device are recorded in an operation history database, and the initial operation plan is created based on the record of the operation history database. .   In the initial operation plan creation step, an initial operation plan for operating the energy generator at a constant output is created so as to generate and store in advance a heat amount sufficient to supply the customer's predicted heat demand. The method of claim 1.   In the initial operation plan creation step, an initial operation plan is created based on the energy generation device and energy storage device that have been reported to the constant output operation from the consumer via communication means, and the operation time zone in which the constant output is performed. The method of claim 1. An operation plan creation device for a distributed energy community system comprising an energy generator, an energy storage device, an energy load, and a large number of consumers connected to a power system,
Predicting means for performing power prediction of the electric power and heat of each consumer,
Price information receiving means for receiving power and gas price information;
The output of one or a plurality of energy generators and / or energy storage devices in the entire system is made constant, and the electricity demand amount predicted by the prediction means required by the consumer and the energy generation of the constant output Initial operation plan creation means for creating an initial operation plan for each consumer so that a difference in the amount of power of the device and / or the energy storage device can be covered by power from the remaining energy generation device and / or energy storage device and the power system; ,
Fuel that is the cost required when the energy generating device generates power based on the price information while the amount of power supplied from the energy generating device, the energy storage device, and the power grid satisfies the power demand amount Using the method for solving the optimization problem, the initial operation is performed so as to minimize the running cost that is the sum of the cost and the grid power cost that is an integrated value of the amount of power sold and sold at the power price of the power grid. A distributed energy community system operation plan creation device comprising: an operation plan correction means for correcting a plan.   A program for executing the operation plan creation method for a distributed energy community system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 by a computer.

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