JP2005211189A - Blood collecting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a subject or a patient himself/herself to surely and easily perform a blood test and to repeatedly collect blood without burdens for the patient of diabetes or the like from whom the blood needs to be collected frequently by surely, and more preferably, automatically collecting the blood painlessly. <P>SOLUTION: A blood collecting apparatus is composed of a blood collecting part and a pressurizing part for pressurizing a living body, and the blood collecting part is provided at least in a living body end part direction to the pressurizing part. Thus, after pressurizing a vein by pressurizing the pressurizing part arranged at a region in a heart direction and storing the blood beforehand, puncture by a puncturing means is performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

The present invention relates to a blood collection apparatus that can be easily used.

The increase in blood-related diseases such as hepatitis B and AIDS, and the increase in lifestyle-related diseases resulting from changes in stress and eating habits, at the same time, point out the necessity of frequent blood tests.
Among them, diabetes requiring observation of changes in blood glucose level and administration of insulin in a timely manner often requires blood collection for blood glucose level measurement.
Diabetes is also increasing in young people, and it is not anything other than pain for children to puncture the skin with a puncture tool to monitor blood sugar levels. It is illustrated. This is the same for adults as well as children.
There are also many people who may have diabetes, and many people want to know their blood sugar regularly. The demand for regular blood tests not only for diabetes but for in-vivo information is increasing year by year.
Blood tests are performed by going to a hospital or medical institution, but for those that always need to measure blood sugar, the lancet pops out momentarily, inserts the fingertip, and hurts the blood. And a set of simple measuring instruments that can measure the glucose level by spotting the obtained blood are prepared for home use.
A blood collection device for collecting blood is a device in which a sharp, sharp blade is momentarily collided with the skin to expose the blood to the surface of the skin. The lancet has a structure that suppresses the amount of protrusion, and the wound is shallow, and blood often does not appear on the skin surface.
Further, in order to obtain more painlessness, the one disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-346781 automatically punctures the puncture member into the skin, further sucks the blood, and the blood expressed on the skin surface is automatically detected by the sensor. Devices that automatically collect blood and measure components, such as measuring blood pressure, have been proposed.

  The automatic blood sampling component measuring device only needs to press the puncture suction part against the upper arm, and the pain is suppressed by the suction force etc., but such a device also suppresses the insertion width of the lancet as much as possible. It is not always enough to get enough blood.

  Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-63506 discloses that the skin is not actively punctured with a needle, but the skin is punctured simply by sucking the skin and blood is taken out from the skin surface. There has been disclosed a blood collection device that eliminates the psychological fear caused by the collision of the puncture means with the skin, the pain caused by this fear, and the pain caused by suction, and is virtually painless.

JP-T-2001-346781 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-63506

In all of the above-mentioned known techniques, efforts are made to reduce the scar by suppressing damage to the skin as much as possible, however, blood extraction is insufficient or not expressed at all depending on the individual or the situation. It became unstable, and it was not always possible to obtain the necessary blood.
In particular, with regard to blood collection using the upper arm, avoiding the fingertips that are more painful, it is difficult to quantitatively collect blood. Further, the amount of collision also tends to be suppressed at the fingertip, and it is required to secure necessary blood while making the scar smaller.

The present invention has been made as a result of earnest research in view of the above, and includes a blood collection unit and a pressurization unit that pressurizes the living body, and the blood collection unit is provided at least toward the end of the living body with respect to the pressurization unit. Thus, a temporary blood pool (reservoir) is provided in the vein leading to the capillaries, and the pool is punctured by the puncturing means, so that the blood can be reliably taken out.
That is, the blood pressure of the venous blood reservoir (by constricting the blood to be returned by blocking the blood to be returned by a configuration in which the pressurizing member is disposed in the direction of the heart of the living body and the blood collecting unit is disposed in the direction of the end of the living body In addition to the pool portion) state, a blood collection device is disposed at the pool portion, that is, preferably at a portion adjacent to the pressurizing member, thereby enabling reliable blood collection.

The blood collection unit in the present invention is preferably a self-collection type that can be handled by a patient or a general person. For example, the above-described prior art blood collection device is preferably used.
Specifically, the following examples are shown.
In addition, it is provided with at least a puncture means, and has a configuration for causing this to collide with the skin, and a configuration for sucking a damaged part after the collision,
A structure in which the skin is aspirated locally, and the raised skin is punctured by contact with the fixed puncture means, a structure in which the skin is aspirated, and the puncture means is positively collided with the swelled skin and then aspirated Configuration etc. can take.
There may be a case where a known blood collection device using a lancet with a smaller amount of protrusion may be used.

The pressurizing member in the present invention is used so as to surround the living body, such as a so-called cuff for a sphygmomanometer, in addition to the part of the skin where blood is to be collected, that is, in a direction close to the heart, It may be the one that only presses the area necessary for forming the pool.
The pressurizing member and the blood collection unit are adjacent to each other as long as they do not overlap at least, and an integrated configuration is preferable, but there may be cases where they are separated from each other (up to several tens of mm). is there.

  The site that contacts the blood collection unit may be at any location as long as a vein pool is temporarily provided by pressing the site in the heart direction, and may be either the lower limb or the upper limb. The upper arm is preferable because it has few pain points and is an easy-to-collect blood part.

  According to the present invention, a small amount of blood can be collected by quantification in a self-collecting blood vessel that is required to be painless, and daily blood collection can be performed with a simple operation even in a state where the burden is small. Furthermore, since the skin is pressurized and blood is collected, it is possible to make it more painless.

The present invention exemplifies a configuration including an integrated pressure member having a blood collection unit in the direction of the end of the living body and adjacent to the blood collection unit.
The living body end direction is a direction with respect to the pressurizing unit. For example, when the pressurizing unit is attached to the upper arm, the blood collection unit indicates a hand direction. If it is a finger | toe, a fingertip direction is shown with respect to a pressurization part.
Therefore, the pressurizing part is placed above the blood collecting part, that is, in a direction close to the heart.
The pressurizing unit may be any one of manual and automatic, and a cuff band for pressurizing a human body with a predetermined positive pressure air pressure is preferable.
The human body is pressurized by the pressurization unit, and after a predetermined time, a sufficient pool is formed in the vein, and then the pool unit is punctured by the puncture means of the blood collection unit.
Since the pool portion is formed in a certain range as long as it is in the direction from the pressurizing portion to the living body end portion, the blood collection portion can be in a state of being moved or separated somewhat.
The puncture means may be anything other than a needle as long as it can be punctured, such as a blade, and a fine hollow needle having a recent μ-order diameter can also be used.
In the present invention, it is not always necessary to be a hollow needle, but there is a case where the tip is wide and sharp, and in that case, the hollow needle is preferably used. In addition, when needles are pierced to the deep part of the living body to collect blood or the like, a hollow needle may be used.

The present invention preferably uses a member that sucks skin.
That is, coagulation can be avoided by aspirating the skin and positively exuding blood from the capillary tube. In some cases, an anticoagulant such as heparin may be applied to the puncture needle, puncture site, or the like.
The suction is performed before and after the puncture, but it is preferable that the puncture needle is separated from the skin after the puncture.
As an operation example of the present invention, first, the cuff is wound so that the blood collection part comes in the hand direction of the living body upper arm part, and the blood collection part is brought into contact with the skin.
1. The cuff pressure constituting the pressurizing unit is set to about 25 mHg to 75 mHg (preferably around 50 mHg), and the venous capillary is made congested. The time is exemplified by 15 seconds to 45 seconds (preferably around 30 seconds).
2. The skin is punctured by the puncturing means in the blood collection unit. In this case, the blood collection unit may be transparent so that the blood expression status can be confirmed.
After that, the blood is automatically moved to various biosensors such as enzyme electrode sensors, the blood is impregnated and held by the porous impregnated member, and the blood cell and the serum are separated by the centrifugal separation means or expressed to the skin. The quantified blood may be distributed and transferred to a plurality of coloring reaction reagents to develop the color of the reagent and measure the amount of color development.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a blood collection unit, 11 is a pressurization unit, and 12 is a drive unit for forming and controlling air pressure to be output to the pressurization unit 11 and the blood collection unit 10.
In addition, the size of the blood collection unit 10 and the pressurization unit 11 are made larger in order to facilitate explanation. In addition, the relationship between the sizes of the pressurizing unit 11 and the blood collecting unit 10 is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected depending on whether the blood collecting unit 10 is larger or the pressurizing unit 11 is larger. .
Moreover, in order to make it more compact and simple, the width of the cuff may be reduced, or the cuff may be in contact with the arm instead of being wound around.
The size of the blood collection part 10 of the present embodiment is exemplified by a substantially cylindrical body having a height of 25 mm, a bottom width of 25 mm, and an upper width of about 15 mm.

In the blood collection unit 10,
Reference numeral 101 denotes a suction part, which is formed of a transparent plastic capsule or the like, and is a cylindrical body having a contact part 101a extending in the outer circumferential direction with a certain width on the contact surface with the skin. It is the part that forms the bulge of the skin when sucked into the skin.
The contact portion 101a may be provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive or an adhesive layer for preventing slipping on the skin.
Reference numeral 102 denotes a sliding path through which the puncture unit slides, and is a portion where the puncture unit is repaired up and down by external pressure. Reference numeral 103 denotes a puncture needle, for example, around the 31st needle.
Reference numeral 104 denotes a disk-like support body that is connected to the puncture needle and receives the external pressure to slide the puncture needle up and down. The inner surface of the sliding path 102 and the outer edge of the support body are airtight. Connect to contact.

The support 104 is preferably mounted on the outer periphery with an airtight material such as plastic or rubber.
The diameter of the sliding path 102 is exemplified as about 0.5 mm, and a wider diameter is preferable because the negative pressure amount and the positive pressure amount are small.
In combination with the support for receiving the puncture needle and air pressure, moving the puncture needle toward the skin, or pulling it away from the skin by external force, the diameter of the passage through which the support slides while making contact with the side surface portion is more The wider one requires less air pressure.
Reference numeral 105 denotes a transmission section upper chamber that applies a positive pressure or a negative pressure to the support body 104 and also has a sliding path for the support body 104. After the support body 104 moves to the upper surface of the transmission section upper chamber 105, the skin It is formed so as to have a diameter larger than the diameter of the sliding path 102 so that the negative pressure for sucking can be transmitted to the suction part 101.
Although the space seems to be formed wider than the sliding path 102, a guide body or the like for attaching the support body 104 linearly up and down is attached (not shown). ).
Reference numeral 106 denotes a pressure transmission path, which is a non-deformable and lightweight tube.
Reference numeral 107 denotes a branch conduit for transmitting the air pressure toward the switching valve 111.

In the pressurizing part 11, 108 is a cuff belt, and a plurality or a single air bag that can surround the upper arm part is connected. 108a is preferably fixed to the upper surface of the cuff and preferably non-deformable. The pressure member 11 and the blood collection unit 10 are connected to each other. The cover member 108 a connects the pressurizing unit 11 and the blood collecting unit 10 and has a configuration in which the blood collecting unit 10 is abutted and fixed to the skin surface by mounting the pressurizing unit 11.
Reference numeral 109 denotes a pneumatic inlet, which is provided with a valve body to which an external air pressure is injected and preferably temporarily opens and closes.
This may be a plug that is manually closed in addition to an electromagnetic valve.

In the drive unit 12,
Reference numeral 110 denotes a pressurizing conduit for connecting the switching valve 111 and the pneumatic inlet 109 of the cuff belt 108.
Reference numeral 112 denotes a merging conduit, which is a portion where negative pressure and positive pressure air pressure merge. This portion may simply have a structure in which conduits are joined, or may be provided with a switching valve-like controller.
Reference numeral 113 denotes a conduit, which is composed of a non-deformable tube for transmitting air pressure for suction and pressurization.
Reference numerals 114 and 115 are switching valves, which are mainly formed by electromagnetic valves, and are used to perform an opening / closing operation by an external electric signal.
The switching valve 114 performs an opening / closing operation by an electrical signal sent through the conducting wire 134, and the switching valve 115 performs an opening / closing operation by an electrical signal sent through the conducting wire 127.

Reference numeral 116 denotes a pressurizing air pressure storage unit, which is a tank that temporarily stores the air pressure sent from the pump 122.
Reference numeral 117 denotes a suction air pressure storage unit, which is a tank that temporarily stores the suction decompression force sent from the pump 122.
Reference numeral 118 denotes a sensor for monitoring the amount of pressurization inside the pressurizing air pressure storage unit 116, which is configured by a so-called pressure sensor or the like, and transmits data to the control circuit 125 via the lead wire 133.
Reference numeral 119 denotes a sensor for monitoring the amount of suction inside the suction air pressure storage unit 117, which includes a so-called pressure sensor and transmits data to the control circuit 125 via the lead wire 128.
Reference numeral 120 denotes an adjustment valve, which performs an opening / closing operation by an external electric signal sent via the conducting wire 132.
Reference numeral 121 denotes a regulating valve, which performs an opening / closing operation by an external electric signal sent via the conducting wire 129.

Reference numeral 122 denotes a pump, which is configured by, for example, a combination of a motor and a one-way drive valve, and forms air pressure for pressurization and suction. One pump 122 is sufficient, but a plurality of pumps 122 may be combined.
The pump 122 is preferably an electric type, but may be a manual air pressure generator.
Reference numeral 123 denotes an adjustment valve, which performs an opening / closing operation by an external electric signal sent via the conducting wire 131.
Reference numeral 124 denotes an adjustment valve, which performs an opening / closing operation by an external electric signal sent via the conducting wire 130.
The ends of the regulating valve 123 and the regulating valve 124 are connected to the outside through a conduit 113 and have intake and exhaust ports.
The drive unit 12 is an example of a configuration for generating air pressure for suction and pressurization centered on a pump and sending it to each part, and enables electric control. If it is relatively slow, a manual air pressure generator such as a piston used in a syringe may be used.
Reference numeral 125 denotes a control circuit, which is a control means for outputting air pressure in a timely manner, and may include a microcomputer, a memory, other logic ICs, and the like.

Next, the operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
The cuff band 108 is wound around the upper arm, and the blood collection unit 10 is used in the hand direction WB, and the upstream unit (the one closer to the heart) WA is used as the pressurization unit 11. The control circuit 125 outputs a command to connect the pressurizing conduit 110 and the junction conduit 112 to the switching valve 111 via the conductive wire 126.
The control circuit 125 further activates the pump 122, opens the regulating valves 120 and 121, and outputs the positive pressure and the negative pressure to the air pressure storage units 116 and 117, respectively.
Further, the control circuit 125 opens the switching valve 114 with the switching valve 115 closed, and converts the positive pressure air pressure of the pressurizing air pressure storage section 116 into the conduit 113, the merging conduit 112, the branch conduit 107, the switching valve 111, and the pressurizing conduit 110. The cuff belt 108 is supplied via
The cuff belt 108 expands by the positive pressure and tightens the arm. By this tightening, the vein is closed. On the other hand, since the artery 2B is not affected, the blood in the vein 2A forms a congested state and becomes a storage state (pool) 2C. In addition, the vein 2A is drawn extremely for easy explanation.

This storage state 2C gradually increases, and the capillaries are inflated by storing the blood.
(Fig. 2 (a))
The air pressure to the cuff belt 108 is maintained as it is, and the state where the upper arm portion is pressurized is continued.
About 30 seconds after the expansion of the cuff belt, the control circuit outputs a signal via the conductor 126 so that the switching valve 111 is connected to the merging conduit 112 and the pressure transmission path 106.
The positive pressure air pressure of the pressurized air pressure storage unit 116 is supplied to the transmission unit upper chamber 105 via the pressure transmission path 106 and pushes the support 104 toward the skin. The pressurization amount in this case is exemplified by about 100 to 200 mmHg.

When the support body 104 is pushed, the puncture needle 103 collides with the skin and punctures the skin (FIG. 2B). The depth of damage is exemplified by ˜5 mm.
When the puncture needle 103 punctures the skin, the internal capillaries are damaged and the stored blood tends to be exposed. Next, the control circuit 125 outputs an electric signal for closing the switching valve 114 via the conducting wire 134 and outputs a signal to the switching valve 115 via the conducting wire 127 so as to open.
By this output, the negative pressure in the suction air pressure storage unit 117 is transmitted to the transmission unit upper chamber 105 via the switching valve 115, the conduit 113, the merging conduit 112, and the pressure transmission path 106, and the support body 104 moves upward. At the same time, the puncture needle 103 is pulled out of the skin, the damaged part of the skin surface is exposed, and the suction air pressure is transmitted to the suction part 101 via the transmission part upper chamber 105 and the sliding path 102, and the skin Suction is performed while rising (FIG. 2 (c)). The negative pressure is exemplified by -100 to 200 mmHg.
By sucking the skin around the damaged part 2D, the blood 2E is exposed from the damaged part 2D. The exposed blood 2E is collected and analyzed.
The amount of blood to be expressed is exemplified by about 0.1 ml, but can be adjusted by the suction amount or the like.

  Further, when abnormal positive pressure or negative pressure is generated in each of the air pressure storage portions 116 and 117, an abnormality occurs based on the pressure information transmitted from the sensors 118 and 119 to the control circuit 125 via the conductors 133 and 129. The control circuit 125 outputs a signal that opens to either or both of the regulating valve 123 and the regulating valve 124, and the pressures in the pressurizing air pressure storage unit 116 and the suction air pressure storing unit 117 are released to the outside. Is done. The transmission of air pressure to the blood collection unit in the cuff belt 108 is released and returns to atmospheric pressure.

  As described above, according to the present invention, after pressure is automatically applied in the direction of the heart of the upper arm, blood is collected by the blood collection unit in the direction of the human body end, but at least above the skin (heart After pressurizing (direction), blood collection may be performed in the direction of the human body end, and a manual configuration may be adopted.

  Since the present invention can perform simple blood collection preferably by painless puncture more reliably, blood collection can be performed without causing an excessive burden on patients and blood collectors, and blood tests in home medical care can be spread. And

It is a figure which shows one Example of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Blood collection part 11 Pressurization part 12 Drive part 101 Suction part
102 Sliding path
103 Puncture needle
104 Support body 105 Transmitter upper chamber 106 Pressure transmission path 107 Branch conduit 108 Cuff band 109 Pneumatic inlet 110 Pressurizing conduit 111 Switching valve 112 Merge conduit 113 Condensation 114, 115 Switching valve 116 Pressurizing air pressure reservoir 117 Suction air pressure reservoir Part 118,119 sensor 120,121,123,124 regulating valve 122 pump 125 control circuit

Claims (4)

A blood collection apparatus comprising a blood collection unit and a pressurization unit that pressurizes a living body, and comprising the blood collection unit at least toward the end of the living body with respect to the pressurization unit. The blood collection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blood collection unit includes puncture means composed of puncture or incision means for the skin, and blood is extracted from the skin so as to be collected by the puncture means. The blood collection device according to claim 1, wherein the pressurizing member pressurizes all or a part of the pressurization site in a tightening direction. The blood collection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the blood collection unit and the pressure unit are integrally configured.

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