JP2005111736A - Plastic waste fractionating and washing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plastic waste fractionating and washing apparatus capable of fractionating plastic waste into a plastic and forein matter at the time of recycling of plastic waste of every kind and capable of continuously washing the fractionated plastic. <P>SOLUTION: This plastic waste fractionating and washing apparatus 100 has a water tank 20 having a hopper 30 being a plastic waste charging port at one end thereof and a takeout port for taking out the plastic waste at the other end thereof, the feed screw 70 almost horizontally arranged toward the takeout port from the charging port of the water tank 20, the discharge screw 41 arranged so as to rise upward from the takeout port of the feed screw 70 and a discharge chute 50 being the treated plastic waste discharge port arranged to the terminal end of the feed route of the discharge screw 41. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a plastic waste processing apparatus for performing plastic waste sorting and cleaning in a processing step when recycling various plastic wastes.

  In recent years, the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law has been enacted, and packaging materials such as plastic bags and styrofoam containers have become obliged to be recycled as resource materials. In addition, it is required to collect recyclable parts of industrial waste such as discarded home appliances, to recycle them as resource materials.

  However, packaging materials containing garbage from food leftovers, etc., generated at home and convenience stores, etc., cannot be converted into resource materials as they are, and it is necessary to separate the garbage from the packaging materials. . Further, in other waste plastic products, it is necessary to separate foreign materials such as metal parts from plastic.

  For this reason, plastic waste, such as packaging materials containing raw garbage or discarded plastic products, is put into a large water tank filled with water and separated into plastic and foreign materials based on the difference in specific gravity with water. It has been broken. The plastic separated by this method is put into a large water tank or the like. And the thrown-in plastic is wash | cleaned by means, such as stirring.

  These methods are carried out with two to three people, but the cleaning effect is not good compared to the required cost. In addition, the cleaning method that relies on humans is difficult to work with these processing devices when performing plastic waste separation processing, which is the previous processing step, and dehydration processing, which is the subsequent processing step, with a machine. Processing could not be done.

  For this reason, as a plastic waste sorting device, Patent Document 1 below discloses a hopper that temporarily stores a waste plastic product to be thrown in and drops it from a hopper port that is sequentially provided at the lower end as required. Wet plastic product dropped from the plant, crushed while sprinkling, converted into a large number of small crushed materials, discharged to the lower part of the waste crushing means, disposed in the lower part of the wet crushing means, from the crushing means Receiving small crushed material, the storage tank that floats and settles according to the difference in specific gravity with the liquid stored here, and the small crushed material that is placed in this liquid tank and separated and floated individually And a disposal device for waste plastic products, characterized in that it comprises an unloading means.

Moreover, in the following Patent Document 2, after separating the packaging material and garbage from the garbage with packaging material, the separated packaging material is subjected to a primary pulverization step, a washing step, a drying step, a melt-solidification step, and In the processing method of the garbage with a packaging material characterized in that the raw garbage separated and converted into a resource material through a secondary pulverization process is composted or made into feed through a fermentation process for fermentation while performing a deodorizing process. In the washing step, the pulverized product of the packaging material is immersed in water, the precipitate is removed, the suspended matter is recovered, and the separated pulverized product is mixed with water, and centrifugal dehydration is performed. Is disclosed.
JP-A-8-99318 JP 2002-166242 A

  The processing apparatus according to the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 creates a wave on the water surface of a liquid storage tank of the processing apparatus, and carries the sorted plastic that has floated on the water surface to the predetermined part on the wave. However, this method has the disadvantage that the sorted plastics are indirectly conveyed via waves, so that the conveying speed is slow and the processing takes time. Further, in the above method, the waste plastic product is washed only when crushing, and the fractionated plastic that has floated on the water surface is not washed.

  Moreover, as for the apparatus used for the processing method of the garbage which concerns on the said patent document 2, a separation process and a washing | cleaning process are each performed by a separate processing apparatus. For this reason, the packaging material, which is plastic waste that has been subjected to the sorting process, must be transported to a cleaning processing device by a conveyor, which requires extra processing time.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to reduce the number and time of plastic waste separation and cleaning processes, improve the cleaning effect, and cooperate with the front and rear processing apparatuses. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for separating and cleaning plastic waste which can be made smooth.

  In order to achieve the above object, a plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention has a water tank having an inlet for introducing plastic waste at one end and an outlet for taking out the plastic waste at the other end. A feed screw disposed substantially horizontally from the inlet of the water tank toward the outlet, a discharge screw disposed to rise upward from the outlet of the feed screw, and the discharge And a treated plastic waste outlet disposed at the end of the screw conveying path.

  According to the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus of the present invention, when plastic waste is introduced into the water tank from the input port, the feed screw rotates, so that the plastic waste is agitated in the water tank and is taken out. It is transported in the direction. On the way, the fractionated plastic having a specific gravity lighter than water in the plastic waste floats on the water surface, and foreign substances such as glass and metal having a specific gravity heavier than water settle on the bottom of the water tank. The floated plastic is transported to the take-out port by the feed screw. The conveyed sorted plastic is transported upward while being dehydrated by a discharge screw arranged so as to rise upward from the take-out port, and is discharged from the discharge port.

  As described above, according to the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, the plastic and the foreign matter in the plastic waste components are separated, and further, the separation that floats on the water surface using the feed screw. Since the plastic is transported, the transport speed is fast, and the processing time of the plastic waste can be shortened. Moreover, since the discharge screw is disposed from the outlet of the feed screw and the discharge port is further installed, the plastic waste can be continuously processed.

  Further, the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention surrounds both sides and the lower surface of the feed screw from the middle of the feed screw to the end portion on the outlet side, and around the start end of the discharge screw. It is preferable that a surrounding porous plate is provided.

  According to this, the perforated plate surrounding the bottom surface is not provided around the start end portion of the feed screw. For this reason, the foreign matter that has been stirred and separated by the rotation of the feed screw and that has gradually settled in the water can be precipitated at the bottom of the water tank. And only the classification plastics sorted from the plastic waste can be conveyed with a feed screw.

  Further, since no foreign matter remains around the feed screw, the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention can be operated continuously for a long period of time. In addition, since foreign matter is precipitated at the bottom of the water tank, it is possible to easily remove the foreign matter after the plastic waste separation cleaning process is completed.

  In the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that a water supply nozzle is installed substantially horizontally above the feed screw from the inlet to the outlet of the water tank.

  According to this, the classification plastic which floated on the water surface is wash | cleaned with the wash water sprayed from the water supply nozzle provided above the feed screw. Therefore, it is possible to process continuously and efficiently by minimizing the time lag between the separation process of separating separated plastic and foreign materials and the washing process of washing separated plastic when processing plastic waste. Become.

  In the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that a stirring blade is provided at an end portion of the feed screw, and a start end portion of the discharge screw is disposed adjacent to the stirring blade.

  According to this, the stirring blade provided in the terminal part of the feed screw rotates and stirs the fractionated plastic conveyed to the terminal part of the feed screw. For this reason, the sorted plastic is cleaned by the stirring blade in addition to the cleaning by the water supply nozzle described above. As described above, since the cleaning process is performed twice, it is possible to obtain a clean sorted plastic suitable for recycling.

  Further, in the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, the discharge screw may rise substantially vertically from the outlet of the water tank, and a discharge chute may be disposed at an end portion facing obliquely downward.

  According to this, since the discharge screw is provided to rise substantially vertically from the outlet of the water tank, the installation space can be reduced.

  Moreover, the discharge chute is provided in the terminal part of the discharge screw toward diagonally downward. At this time, the installation height of the sorting plastic carry-in port of the apparatus used for the next process such as dehydration is set lower than that of the discharge chute. Accordingly, it is possible to easily cooperate with the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, and it is possible to continuously process plastic waste.

  As described above, according to the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, the plastic can be separated from the plastic in the plastic waste, and the plastic can be washed almost simultaneously. The object can be processed continuously, and the processing time can be further shortened. And since it is washed twice, a plastic suitable for recycling can be obtained. Furthermore, the installation space can be further reduced, and continuous processing with the front and rear processing apparatuses can be performed.

  In the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention, plastic waste is conveyed as described below as a pre-stage when plastic waste is processed.

  First, plastic waste containing foreign matters such as metal is roughly separated into plastic waste and foreign matters such as metal on a belt conveyor. The sorted plastic waste is put into a crusher and crushed. The crushed plastic waste is transported to the cyclone through the duct by the air from the transport blower. The plastic waste containing air conveyed to the cyclone is separated into plastic waste and air by the cyclone. Then, the plastic waste is put into the plastic waste sorting and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a plastic waste sorting and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the plastic waste sorting and cleaning apparatus 100 includes a base 10 and a water tank 20 installed on the base 10.

  The base 10 is installed substantially horizontally with respect to the installation surface 1. Furthermore, wheels 11 are attached to the base 10 so that the place of installation can be moved. Moreover, the water tank 20 has a hopper 30 that serves as an inlet for plastic waste. The hopper 30 has a cylindrical shape in which an opening is widened toward the upper part in order to make it easier to put plastic waste.

  A feed screw 70 is provided inside the water tank 20. One end of the feed screw 70 is located below the hopper 30 and the other end is located below a centrifugal dewatering tank 40 described later. As will be described later, an outlet chute 50 serving as an outlet for separately-washed plastic waste is connected to the upper portion of the centrifugal dewatering tank 40. Accordingly, the feed screw 70 is disposed so as to be conveyed from the plastic waste inlet to the outlet. The feed screw 70 has a rotating shaft 72 rotated by a motor 71 and a spiral blade 73 attached to the outer periphery thereof. Water is filled in the water tank 20, and when the feed screw 70 is rotated, the plastic waste thrown in is moved while being stirred, and at the same time is subjected to specific gravity separation.

  Above the feed screw 70, a water supply pipe 22 is disposed substantially horizontally along the moving direction of the feed screw 70. The water supply pipe 22 has a plurality of water supply nozzles 22a along the longitudinal direction. Arranged at intervals. As shown in FIG. 2, an overflow port 23 is provided in the upper portion of the side wall of the water tank 20, and the overflowed water is discharged from the overflow port 23 through a pipe (not shown).

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, perforated plates 60 a and 60 b are arranged around the feed screw 70. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the porous plate 60a is arrange | positioned at the both sides of the feed screw 70 from the start end part of the feed screw 70 to the middle part, and the bottom part is open | released. Further, from the middle of the feed screw 70 to the end portion, the feed screw 70 is surrounded by the porous plate 60a disposed on both sides of the feed screw 70 and the porous plate 60b disposed on the bottom.

  The perforated plates 60a and 60b suppress the dispersion of the sorted plastic A in the water tank 20 while transporting the sorted plastic A to the terminal portion of the feed screw 70, and enable the transport of the sorted plastic A together. . The diameter of the holes provided in the porous plate 60a is preferably 10 to 15 mm. With holes of this size, fine foreign materials that could not be separated in the above-described sorting process can be discharged while the feed screw is being transported, and only plastic that is suitable for recycling can be transported. It becomes.

  The perforated plates 60a and 60b allow the water around the feed screw 70 in the water tank 20 and the water outside the perforated plates 60a and 60b to flow smoothly with each other, thereby being used for cleaning. The sewage water can be quickly discharged from the periphery of the feed screw 70.

  Further, the perforated plate 60b disposed at the bottom of the feed screw 70 is installed only at the end of the feed screw 70, and the bottom is open from the start to the middle of the feed screw 70. For this reason, it is possible to precipitate the foreign matter B having a specific gravity heavier than that of the water in the plastic waste at the bottom of the water tank 20 in the path from the start end of the feed screw 70 to the portion where the porous plate 60b is disposed. Become. It is preferable that the length at which the bottom porous plate 60b on the start end side of the feed screw 70 is not disposed is 2 to 3 m. By opening the bottom with this length, almost all foreign matter B can be deposited on the bottom of the water tank 20 while the plastic waste is being conveyed by the feed screw 70.

  A cleaning port 21 is provided at the bottom of the water tank 20. The cleaning port 21 is for taking out the foreign matter B collected at the bottom of the water tank 20 after the plastic waste separation cleaning process is completed.

  A stirring blade 74 is provided at the end of the feed screw 70. The sorted plastic A conveyed to the end of the feed screw 70 is stirred by the stirring blade 41. And it sends out to the discharge screw 41 mentioned later. Therefore, since the sorted plastic A washed by the water supply nozzle 22 is further washed by the stirring blade 74, a clean plastic suitable for recycling can be obtained.

  The centrifugal dewatering tank 40 is erected so as to rise substantially vertically from the side of the end portion of the feed screw 70. The centrifugal dewatering tank 40 includes a casing 43 that has a cylindrical shape, and a discharge screw 41 that is disposed inside the casing 43. The discharge screw 41 has a rotating shaft 44 rotated by a motor 42 installed at the upper end of the centrifugal dehydration tank 40 and a spiral blade 45 attached to the outer periphery thereof. The terminal portion of the feed screw 70 is disposed adjacent to the side of the stirring blade 74.

  A perforated plate 60 c is provided so as to surround the discharge screw 41 inserted into the water tank 20. The perforated plate 60c is connected to the perforated plates 60a and 60b provided on both sides and the lower surface of the feed screw 70, and the region surrounded by the perforated plate 60c is surrounded by the perforated plates 60a and 60b. Communicate with the area.

  Therefore, after the separation plastic A conveyed by the feed screw 70 is agitated by the stirring blade 41 of the feed screw 70, it is conveyed upward in the centrifugal dehydration tank 40 by the discharge screw 41 and attached to the upper part of the centrifugal dehydration tank 40. The exit chute 50 is taken out.

  The outlet chute 50 is provided obliquely downward from the upper part of the centrifugal dewatering tank 40, and has a cylindrical shape like the centrifugal dewatering tank 40. Then, the sorted plastic A conveyed upward by the discharge screw 41 is taken out from the outlet chute 50 and put into the next processing apparatus. At this time, by setting the outlet chute 50 higher than the plastic charging port of the processing apparatus used in the next step, it can be directly transferred from the outlet chute 50 to the next processing apparatus. Plastic waste can be processed continuously.

  Next, a method for treating plastic waste using the plastic waste sorting and cleaning apparatus 100 will be described.

  First, plastic waste is put into the hopper 30 and immersed in the water tank 20. The plastic waste is conveyed while being stirred by the rotation of the feed screw 70 disposed in the water tank 20, and the separated plastic A having a specific gravity smaller than that of water, such as polyethylene and polypropylene, floats on the surface of the water, and is a metal having a higher specific gravity than water. The foreign substance B such as glass settles in the lower part of the water tank 20. In this case, there is no perforated plate 60b surrounding the bottom from the starting end of the feed screw 70 to the middle, and the bottom is open, so that the foreign matter B settles on the bottom of the water tank 20 and is taken out from the cleaning port 21. Can do.

  The separated plastic A that has floated is conveyed toward the end of the feed screw 70 while being stirred by the rotation of the feed screw 70. At this time, the sorted plastic A is washed by the water ejected from the water supply nozzle 22 disposed on the upper part of the feed screw 70. Thus, the sorted plastic A conveyed to the end portion of the feed screw 70 is further strongly agitated by the stirring blade 74 provided at the end portion of the feed screw 70 and is more thoroughly cleaned.

  The separated plastic A thus washed is fed into the centrifugal dewatering tank 40 by the discharge screw 41 disposed on the side of the terminal end of the feed screw 70. And it spin-dry | dehydrates, conveying the inside of the centrifugal dehydration tank 40 upwards. Further, it is taken out through a discharge chute 50 provided in the vicinity of the upper end of the centrifugal dewatering tank 40 and conveyed to a processing apparatus for the next step.

  As described above, when the plastic separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention is used, the steps of separation and cleaning can be performed continuously.

  Next, a plastic waste treatment process using the plastic separate cleaning apparatus according to the present invention as a part of the treatment process will be described. FIG. 4 shows a flowchart thereof. First, in the collecting step S1, the collected plastic waste is roughly separated into plastic and foreign substances such as metal on the sorting belt conveyor S2. The sorted plastic is put into the crusher S3, and is conveyed to the cyclone S6 through the duct S5 by the air from the conveying blower S4. Then, it is separated into plastic waste and air by the cyclone S5, and is put into a screw type washer (a part of the water tank 20 and the feed screw 70 in the plastic waste separation cleaning device 100 according to the present invention) S7.

  As described above, the plastic waste is separated and washed by the screw type washing machine S7, and then the collected separated plastic is conveyed to a dehydrator (a part of the centrifugal dewatering tank 40) S8. The separated plastic dehydrated by the dehydrator S8 is transported to the cyclone S11 through the duct S10 by the air from the transport blower S9. Then, the separated plastic and air are separated by the cyclone S11, and the collected separated plastic is sent to the packing machine or the melting machine S12, and packed or melted before shipment.

  As described above, since the plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention is incorporated into the plastic waste processing step, all the steps are performed continuously. The number of personnel will be reduced and the labor saving of the factory will be promoted.

  The plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention can be suitably used when plastic waste is separated and washed in a processing step when various plastic wastes are recycled.

1 is a front sectional view of a plastic waste sorting and cleaning apparatus according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing along the AA arrow line of FIG. It is sectional drawing along the BB arrow line of FIG. It is a flowchart figure of the washing | cleaning recycle system of a plastic waste using the same plastic waste separate cleaning apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 Water tank 22 Water supply nozzle 30 Hopper 41 Discharge screw 50 Discharge chute 60a, 60b, 60c Perforated plate 70 Feed screw 74 Stirring blade 100 Separation washing apparatus of plastic waste

Claims (5)

  A water tank having an inlet for introducing plastic waste at one end and an outlet for taking out the plastic waste at the other end, and disposed substantially horizontally from the inlet of the water tank toward the outlet A feed screw, a discharge screw arranged to rise upward from the outlet of the feed screw, and a treated plastic waste outlet arranged at the end of the delivery path of the discharge screw An apparatus for separating and cleaning plastic waste, comprising:   A perforated plate that surrounds both sides and the lower surface of the feed screw from the middle of the feed screw to a terminal portion on the outlet side and that surrounds the periphery of the start end of the discharge screw is provided. The apparatus for separating and cleaning plastic waste according to 1.   The plastic waste separation and cleaning apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a water supply nozzle is installed substantially horizontally above the feed screw from the inlet to the outlet of the water tank.   The plastic blade according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a stirring blade is provided at an end portion of the feed screw, and a starting end portion of the discharge screw is disposed adjacent to the stirring blade. Waste cleaning equipment. The plastic according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the discharge screw rises substantially vertically from an outlet of the water tank, and a discharge chute is disposed obliquely downward at a terminal portion. Waste cleaning equipment.

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