JP2004319364A - Lighting system and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Lighting system and liquid crystal display device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004319364A
JP2004319364A JP2003114087A JP2003114087A JP2004319364A JP 2004319364 A JP2004319364 A JP 2004319364A JP 2003114087 A JP2003114087 A JP 2003114087A JP 2003114087 A JP2003114087 A JP 2003114087A JP 2004319364 A JP2004319364 A JP 2004319364A
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Prior art keywords
light
fresnel lens
guide plate
light guide
lighting device
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JP2003114087A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Mitsuo Oizumi
満夫 大泉
Yuzo Hayashi
祐三 林
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Alps Alpine Co Ltd
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Alps Electric Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003114087A priority Critical patent/JP2004319364A/en
Publication of JP2004319364A publication Critical patent/JP2004319364A/en
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  • Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lighting system and a liquid crystal display device capable of performing a surface emission of uniform luminance with a simple structure. <P>SOLUTION: The light emitted from a light source 13 that is substantially a spot light source is gradually extended in width toward a Fresnel lens surface 12c. The Fresnel lens surface 12c reflects the light extended in substantially a triangular shape toward an incident surface 12a so as to form uniform parallel lights over the whole width of a light guide plate. The light emitted from the substantially spot-like light source 13 can be extended at an uniform luminance over the whole surface of the light guide plate. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、面発光を実現する照明装置、及びこれを用いた液晶表示装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
例えば、液晶表示パネルを背面から照らし出す照明装置は、液晶表示パネル全体の視認性を良好に保つために、広い照射面を輝度ムラがないように均一に照明することが求められる。このような面発光を実現する照明装置として、例えば、表面に多数の溝や突条を形成した略平板状の導光板を用いて、この導光板の一面を均一な照度で面発光させる照明装置が知られている。(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−243822号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記特許文献1のような導光板を備えた照明装置は、導光板の出射面全体を均一な輝度で発光させるために、導光板の入射面全域に光源からの光をムラなく入射させる必要がある。このため、従来の導光板を備えた照明装置は、導光板の入射面に向き合い、点光源であるLED素子の光を導光板の入射面の幅まで均一に広げる棒状の導光体などを設ける必要があった。
【0005】
しかしながら、このような点光源と導光板との間に、光源の光を広げる別な導光体を設ける従来の照明装置は、構成部材が多く複雑になるため製造コストがかかり、照明装置のローコスト化の妨げになっていた。また、導光板を備えた照明装置の小型軽量化の障害にもなっていた。
【0006】
本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、簡易な構成で均一な輝度の面発光が可能な照明装置および液晶表示装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために、本発明においては、1つ以上の光源と、一方の側端面が前記光源の光を内部に導入する入射面を成すとともに、上面または下面に前記光を出射および反射させる微細な突条を多数配列した凹凸面を有する略平板状の導光板とを備え、前記導光板の前記入射面と向き合う他方の側端面にフレネルレンズ面を備えたことを特徴とする照明装置が提供される。
【0008】
このような照明装置では、光源として点光源を用いても、フレネルレンズ面によって点光源からの光を導光板全体に均一な輝度で広げることが可能になる。これによって、均一な輝度でムラのない光を照明装置から出射することができる。そして、このような照明装置では、導光板と光源との間に点光源である光源の光を広げてから導光板に入射させる別な中間導光体を設ける必要がなく、照明装置のローコスト化、および小型軽量化に大きく寄与する。
【0009】
前記フレネルレンズ面は、前記導光板の他方の側端面に一体成型されていてもよく、また、前記フレネルレンズ面は、フレネルレンズ形状を備えたレンズシートを前記導光板の他方の側端面に貼り付けて形成してもよい。こうしたフレネルレンズ形状を前記導光板の他方の側端面に一体成型したり、前記導光板の他方の側端面に貼り付けて形成することによって、導光板にフレネルレンズ面を容易に形成することが可能になる。
【0010】
前記導光板の前記上面または下面に対面して拡散反射板を更に備えてもよく、また、前記導光板および前記拡散反射板は、内面が拡散反射性の筐体に収納されていてもよい。前記拡散反射板は微細な凹凸を表面に形成したものから構成されればよい。こうした拡散反射板や内面が拡散反射性の筐体は、照明光として寄与しない漏れ光を低減し、輝度を高めることができる。
【0011】
前記導光板の出射面の表面には更に防反射層を更に備えていてもよく、こうした防反射層は前記導光板に入射する光や前記導光板から入射する光の乱反射を防止して、光の利用効率を高めることができる。
【0012】
前記フレネルレンズ面を構成するフレネルレンズの焦点距離を前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離は略同じに設定されればよい。フレネルレンズの焦点距離と前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離とをほぼ同じに設定することで、光源から照射された略点光源の光を、最も効率よく導光板の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広げることが可能になる。
【0013】
前記フレネルレンズ面に対面して更に反射層を形成してもよい。この時、前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離を前記フレネルレンズ面を構成するフレネルレンズの焦点距離の略2倍に設定することが好ましい。フレネルレンズ面に更に反射層を備えることで導光板の光利用効率が更によくなり、また、前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離を前記フレネルレンズ面を構成するフレネルレンズの焦点距離の略2倍に設定することで、前記フレネルレンズ面に対面して更に反射層を形成した場合において、光源から照射された略点光源の光を、最も効率よく導光板の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広げることが可能になる。
【0014】
以上のような照明装置と、液晶表示パネルとを備えた液晶表示装置によれば、均一な輝度でムラのない視認性に優れた液晶表示装置を提供することができる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明の照明装置を備えた液晶表示装置を示す断面図であり、図2は照明装置を示す外観斜視図である。液晶表示装置9は、バックライト(照明装置)10と、その上面側(観察側)に配設された液晶表示パネル20と、下面側に配設された拡散反射板30と、これら各部を収容する筐体40とを備えて構成されている。
【0016】
バックライト(照明装置)10は、図1および図2に示すように、略平板状の透明の導光板12と、その一方の側端面(以下、入射面と称する)12aの中央部分に接して設けられた点状の光源13とを備えて構成されている。導光板12の拡散反射板30側の面は、導光板12の入射面12aと略平行に延在する複数の突条14が配列形成された、断面略鋸刃状の凹凸面19とされている。また、導光板12の他方の側端面(以下、フレネルレンズ面と称する)12cは、表面にフレネルレンズが形成されたフレネルレンズ面12cとされている。導光板12の液晶表示パネル20側の面は、平面に形成された出射面12bとされている。
【0017】
液晶表示パネル20は透過型、または半透過型の液晶表示パネルであり、表示領域内に図示略の画素がマトリクス状に形成されている。液晶表示パネル20はバックライト(照明装置)10によって裏面側20aから照明され、外光が得られない暗所でも鮮明に液晶表示パネル20を観察することができる。
【0018】
拡散反射板30は、導光板12の凹凸面19から出射された光を再び導光板12に向けて反射させるためのアルミニウムや銀などの高反射率の金属薄膜からなる反射膜を備えるものである。この拡散反射板30は、特定の方向で反射光が強くなり液晶表示装置の視認性が低下するのを防止するための光散乱手段である微細な凹凸30aが多数形成されている。なお、この光散乱手段としては、反射膜に凹凸形状を付与したもの以外にも、樹脂膜中に樹脂膜を構成する材料と異なる屈折率の樹脂ビーズを分散させた散乱膜等を用いることもできる。筐体40は、例えば金属板から形成され、その内面全体が拡散反射性を備えた反射面に仕上げられている。
【0019】
バックライト(照明装置)10を構成する導光板12は、液晶表示パネル20の裏面側20aに配置されて光源13から出射された光を出射面12b側から液晶表示パネル20に向けて出射する平板状の部材であり、例えば透明なアクリル樹脂などから構成されている。導光板12の下面側には、複数の突条14が互いに平行に平面視ストライプ状に形成されてプリズム形状を成している。
【0020】
図3は突条14の部分拡大図である。図3に示すように、凹凸面19を構成する突条14は、凹凸面19の水平基準面zに対して傾斜して形成された一対の斜面部により構成された縦断面くさび状のもので、これらの斜面部の一方が緩斜面部14aとされ、他方がこの緩斜面部14aよりも急な傾斜角度に形成された急斜面部(斜面部)14bとされている。
【0021】
前記緩斜面部14aは、水平基準面zに対して傾斜角θ1を有して形成され、急斜面部14bは傾斜角θ2を有して形成されており、両者の傾斜方向は水平基準面zの法線に対して同一方向とされている。そして、導光板12内部を図3では左側(光源13側)から右側へ伝搬する光を、凹凸面19の急斜面部14bにより凹凸面19の外側へ反射する。
【0022】
ここで、図3及び図4を参照して前記急斜面部14bによる伝搬光の反射作用について説明する。図4は、図3に示す急斜面部14bを拡大して示す部分断面構成図である。本実施形態に係るバックライト(照明装置)10では、図4に示すように、導光板12内部から急斜面部14bに入射する伝搬光Linと、急斜面部14bによる前記伝搬光Linの反射光Loutとの成す角度θ4が、鈍角となるように、傾斜角θ2を有して前記急斜面部14bが形成されている。すなわち、この急斜面部14b(突条14)が形成された位置において伝搬光Linが急斜面部14bに対して45°を越える入射角で入射するようしている。これにより、急斜面部14bに入射した伝搬光Linが透過されるのを最大限防止することが可能になり、その結果急斜面部14bで反射される光量が増加し、バックライト10の輝度が向上する。
【0023】
バックライト10では、図3に示す緩斜面部14aの傾斜角θ1は、水平基準面zに対して0.5°以上5°以下の範囲とされ、急斜面部14bの傾斜角θ2は40°以上60°以下の範囲とされることが好ましい。このような範囲とするならば、導光板12面内を伝搬する光を効率よく拡散反射板30に向けて出射させることができる。
【0024】
緩斜面部14aの傾斜角θ1の範囲が、0.5°未満では、バックライト10の平均輝度が低下し、5°を越える場合には、導光板12面内での出射光量を均一化することができなくなる。また、急斜面部14bの傾斜角度θ2が、40°未満の場合、及び45°を越える場合には、急斜面部14bを透過して漏れ出る光量が多くなり出射面12bからの出射光量(すなわちバックライト10の輝度)が低下するため好ましくない。
【0025】
また、本実施形態のバックライト10では突条14のピッチP(突条14の頂点部の間隔、あるいは底頂部の間隔)は、導光板12の凹凸面19面内で一定とされており、液晶表示パネル20の画素ピッチをpとすると、P=0.6p〜0.8pの範囲に設定されるのが好ましい。さらに、本実施形態のバックライト10の場合は突条14の高さh(水平基準面zと、突条14の底頂部との距離)も出射面12bの面内で一定とされている。尚、突条14のピッチP及び高さhは、必ずしも凹凸面19の面内で一定とする必要はなく、これらを変化させて突条14を形成しても本発明の技術範囲を超えるものではない。例えば、光源側でピッチPが粗く、光源から遠ざかるにつれてピッチPが細かくなるようにしてもよい。また、それぞれの突条14の傾斜角度θ1及びθ2を変化させて突条14を形成しても本発明の技術範囲を超えるものではない。
【0026】
本実施形態においては、バックライト10の凹凸面19を拡散反射板30と対向する下面側向けて形成されているので、取り付け作業時に突条14が破損するおそれが無い。また、液晶表示パネル20側の上面がフラットな面となっているため、液晶表示パネル20の安定な設置が可能になるというメリットもある。こうした表面に防反射層が形成されることにより、光ロスの防止がはかれるので、例えば多層膜の防反射層を形成しても良い。
【0027】
なお、凹凸面19を構成する突条14の表面には、更に防反射層が形成されていてもよい。この場合には、防反射層の材料として、導光板材料の屈折率よりも屈折率が小さなものが選択される必要がある。
【0028】
導光板12の入射面12aの中央部分に設けられた光源13は略点光源であるLED素子からなる。光源13を構成するLED素子は1つ以上複数個あってもよく、例えば、R,G,Bの三色のLEDから白色光が得られるようにしてもよい。
【0029】
導光板12のフレネルレンズ面12cは、フレネルレンズが導光板12の表面に一体に形成されている。フレネルレンズは、小レンズを輪帯状に配列した略平面状のレンズであり、導光板12の他方の側端面に設定された焦点距離に応じて所定の角度で細かい輪帯状の溝を形成したものであり、フレネルレンズ面12c全体で1つのレンズを構成する。
【0030】
このようなフレネルレンズ面12cの焦点距離F1と、光源13の発光面とフレネルレンズ面12cとの距離L1は、ほぼ同じに設定するのが好ましく、最大でも±15%程度の範囲内に収めるのがよい。
【0031】
図5に示すように、略点光源である光源13から照射された光は、入射面12a付近では導光板12の略中央部分しか照らさない。そして、入射面12aの中央部分から入射した光はフレネルレンズ面12cに向けて徐々に幅を広げていく。フレネルレンズ面12cは光源13から略三角形状に広がる光を導光板12の全幅に渡って均一な平行光となるように、入射面12aに向けて反射させる。その結果、略点光源である光源13から照射された光は、くり返し反射が行われることにより、図5の如く導光板12の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広がることができる。この時、前述した焦点距離F1と距離L1とをほぼ同じに設定することで、光源13から照射された略点光源の光を、最も効率よく導光板12の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広げることができる。
【0032】
こうして、フレネルレンズ面12cによって導光板12の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広げられた光は、図3に示すように凹凸面19を構成する突条14によって拡散反射板30に向けて出射する。そして、拡散反射板30で再び導光板12に向けて反射された光は、導光板12内を透過して出射面12b全体から均一な輝度で出射する。導光板12から出射した光は液晶表示パネル20の表示面全体をムラなく均一な輝度で裏面側20aから照明する。これによって、本発明の液晶表示装置9は、外光が得られない暗所でもムラなく均一な輝度で照らし出された液晶表示パネル20を観察することができる。
【0033】
以上のように、本発明の照明装置10では、導光板12の側端面にフレネルレンズ面12cを形成することによって、導光板12の入射面12aに入射する光として点光源を光源13として用いても、フレネルレンズ面12cによって点光源の光は導光板12の全域に渡って均一な輝度で広げられる。従って、入射面12aに入射する光を予め入射面12a全体に均一に広げておく必要がないので、点光源であるLED素子などの光を導光板の入射面の幅まで均一に広げるための棒状の導光体など、導光板12とは別な導光体が不要になる。よって、導光板12の入射面にLED素子などの略点光源を直接取り付けることができ、構成部材を少なくして照明装置のローコストに大いに寄与する。また、導光板12とは別な導光体が不要になるので、照明装置の小型軽量化にも役立つ。
【0034】
図6は本発明の液晶表示装置の別な実施形態を示す断面図である。この実施形態においては、バックライト(照明装置)50を構成する導光板52は、液晶表示パネル53に対面する上面側に凹凸面54が形成されている。この凹凸面54は、多数の突条55が配列された縦断面略三角形状のもので、これらの斜面部の一方が緩斜面部55aとされ、他方がこの緩斜面部55aよりも急な傾斜角度に形成された急斜面部(斜面部)55bとされている。
【0035】
また、前記緩斜面部55aは水平基準面zに対して傾斜角θ7を有して形成され、急斜面部55bは傾斜角θ8を有して形成されており、両者の傾斜方向は水平基準面zの法線に対して互いに逆方向に傾斜している。このうち、緩斜面部55aは導光板52内の光の伝搬に寄与し、急斜面部55bは光の反射に寄与する反射面としての役割を果たす。このような緩斜面部55aの傾斜角θ7は、水平基準面zに対して1.0°以上2.5°以下、好ましくは1.0°以上2.0°以下の範囲とされ、急斜面部55bの傾斜角θ8は41°以上46°以下、好ましくは42°以上45°以下の範囲とされる。
【0036】
緩斜面部55aの傾斜角θ7の範囲が、1.0°未満では、バックライト(照明装置)50の平均輝度が低下し、2.5°を越える場合には、導光板52面内での出射光量を均一化することができなくなる。また、急斜面部55bの傾斜角度θ2が、41°未満の場合、及び46°を越える場合には、急斜面部55bを透過して漏れ出る光量が多くなり、輝度ムラの原因となるため好ましくない。
【0037】
図7は図6の液晶表示装置を構成するバックライト(照明装置)50を示す斜視図である。この実施形態における導光板52の一方の側端部(以下、入射面と称する)52aは入射面とされ、中央部分に略点光源であるLED素子を備えた光源59が取り付けられる。導光板52の他方の側端部52bには、フレネルレンズ面56aが形成されたフレネルレンズシート56が貼り付けられる。さらに、このフレネルレンズシート56の表面には反射層57aを備えた反射シート57が貼り付けられる。
【0038】
このように、導光板52の一方の側端部52aにフレネルレンズシート56を貼り付けることで、導光板52の側端部に容易にフレネルレンズ面56aを形成することが可能になる。このようなフレネルレンズ面56aは、第1の実施形態と同様に、略点光源である光源59から照射された光を導光板52の全幅に渡って均一な平行光となるように、入射面52aに向けて反射させる。これにより、略点光源である光源59から照射された光は、導光板52の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広がることができる。
【0039】
この第2実施形態では、フレネルレンズ面56aの裏面側に更に反射シート57を備えることによって、フレネルレンズ面56aでの光源59から照射された光の反射率を更に高めている。これにより、フレネルレンズ面56aでの漏れ光を極めて低く抑えることが可能になり、バックライト(照明装置)50の輝度を更に高めることできる。なお、こうした反射シート57は、アルミニウムシートなど鏡面状の金属膜から構成されれば良い。
【0040】
この第2実施形態の如く、フレネルレンズ面56aの裏面側に反射シート57を備える場合には、光源59の発光面とフレネルレンズ面56aとの距離L2をフレネルレンズ面56aの焦点距離F2の2倍程度に設定するのが好ましい。 距離L2を焦点距離F2のほぼ2倍に設定することで、光源59から照射された略点光源の光を、最も効率よく導光板52の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広げることができる。反射シート57を設けることでフレネルレンズ面56aを構成する溝の深さを浅くすることができ、フレネルレンズシート56の成型を容易にする。
【0041】
再び図6を参照して、導光板52の下面52cには、表面に微細な凹凸61aが多数形成された拡散反射板61が形成され、導光板52の下面52cから出射された光を拡散させつつ再び導光板52に向けて反射させる。そして、導光板52を透過した光は液晶表示パネル53を裏面側から均一な輝度でムラなく照明する。なお、液晶表示パネル53の裏面側には低拡散性シート62が貼着されている。このような低拡散性シート62は、導光板52の凹凸面54から出射された光を効率よく液晶表示パネル53に導入する役割を果たす。
【0042】
なお、このような第2実施形態の液晶表示装置65においても、バックライト(照明装置)50や液晶表示パネル53は、内面全体が拡散反射性を備えた反射面に仕上げられている筐体64に収納されればよい。これによって、液晶表示パネル53以外からの漏れ光を防止して、液晶表示装置65の視認性を高めることができる。なお、本実施形態ではフレネルレンズ面56aをシートによって形成した例を挙げたが、導光板52の端面を成型法によってフレネルレンズ面にしてもよい。
【0043】
第1実施形態や第2実施形態における拡散反射板30,61を構成する微細な凹凸30a,61aは、左右対称の凹み以外にも、例えば、図8に示すような形状のものが採用されても良い。拡散反射板71を構成する凹部72は、縦断面Xにおける内面形状が凹部72の中心Oに対して非対称に形成されている。一方、凹部72の縦断面Yにおける内面形状は、凹部72の中心Oに対してほぼ左右均等の形状を成している。
【0044】
上述した形状の凹部72を持つ拡散反射板71によれば、図8に示すように、縦断面Xにおける総合的な反射特性としては、正反射方向の反射率を十分に確保しつつ、特定の方向に反射光を適度に集中させた反射特性とすることができる。図9は、上記のような凹部72が複数形成された拡散反射板71に、基材表面の法線方向よりも上記x方向寄りの方向から入射角30°で光を照射し、視角を基材表面に対する正反射の方向である30°を中心として、垂線位置(0°)から60°まで連続的に変化させた場合の視角(θ°)と明るさ(反射率高さ)との関係を示したものである。このグラフで表される反射特性は、正反射の角度30゜より小さい反射角度範囲の反射率の積分値が、正反射の角度より大きい反射角度範囲の反射率の積分値より大きくなっており、反射方向が正反射方向よりも法線側にシフトする傾向にある。
【0045】
上述した形状の凹部72を持つ拡散反射板71を液晶表示装置9,65に採用すれば、拡散反射板71で反射される反射光は、特定の方向において反射率が高くなるという指向性を有しているので、特定の出射角度において出射効率を高くすることができる。また、上述したように特定方向への反射率が高いという指向性が得られるので、これにより、特定の視角範囲において、例えば液晶表示面を通常観察する角度方向に合わせることにより、液晶表示面の輝度がより高くなるように制御することが可能である。
【0046】
なお、上記各実施の形態では、本発明に係る照明装置をバックライトとして用いた場合について説明したが、液晶表示パネルの上面に配設して用いるフロントライトとしても本発明の照明装置は好適に用いることができる。その場合には、前記突条が形成された導光板面を液晶表示パネルの上面(観察面)上に配置すれば良く、また、下方に置かれた拡散反射面を除いた構成とすることができる。この構成によっても、従来のフロントライトに比して高輝度の照明光が得られ、明るい表示の液晶表示装置を提供することができる。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明の照明装置によれば、光源として点光源を用いても、フレネルレンズ面によって点光源からの光を導光板全体に均一な輝度で広げることが可能になる。これによって、均一な輝度でムラのない光を照明装置から出射することができる。そして、このような照明装置では、導光板と光源との間に点光源である光源の光を広げてから導光板に入射させる別なち中間導光体を設ける必要がなく、照明装置のローコスト化、および小型軽量化に大きく寄与する。
【0048】
前記フレネルレンズ面は、前記導光板の他方の側端面に一体成型されていてもよく、また、前記フレネルレンズ面は、フレネルレンズ形状を備えたレンズシートを前記導光板の他方の側端面に貼り付けて形成してもよい。こうしたフレネルレンズ形状を前記導光板の他方の側端面に一体成型したり、前記導光板の他方の側端面に貼り付けて形成することによって、導光板にフレネルレンズ面を容易に形成することが可能になる。
【0049】
前記導光板の前記上面または下面に対面して拡散反射板を更に備えてもよく、また、前記導光板および前記拡散反射板は、内面が拡散反射性の筐体に収納されていてもよい。前記拡散反射板は微細な凹凸を表面に形成したものから構成されればよい。こうした拡散反射板や内面が拡散反射性の筐体は、照明光として寄与しない漏れ光を低減し、輝度を高めることができる。前記凹凸面の表面には更に防反射層を更に備えていてもよい。
【0050】
前記フレネルレンズ面を構成するフレネルレンズの焦点距離を前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離は略同じに設定されればよい。フレネルレンズの焦点距離と前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離とをほぼ同じに設定することで、光源から照射された略点光源の光を、最も効率よく導光板の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広げることが可能になる。
【0051】
前記フレネルレンズ面に対面して更に反射層を形成してもよい。この時、前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離を前記フレネルレンズ面を構成するフレネルレンズの焦点距離の略2倍に設定することが好ましい。フレネルレンズ面に更に反射層を備えることで導光板の光利用効率が更によくなり、また、前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離を前記フレネルレンズ面を構成するフレネルレンズの焦点距離の略2倍に設定することで、前記フレネルレンズ面に対面して更に反射層を形成した場合において、光源から照射された略点光源の光を、最も効率よく導光板の全体に渡って均一な輝度で広げることが可能になる。
【0052】
以上のような照明装置と、液晶表示パネルとを備えた液晶表示装置によれば、均一な輝度でムラのない視認性に優れた液晶表示装置を低起用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、本発明の照明装置を備えた液晶表示装置を示す断面図である。
【図2】図2は、図1に示す照明装置の外観斜視図である。
【図3】図3は、導光板の突条の様子を拡大して示す部分斜視図である。
【図4】図4は、導光板の導光状態を説明するための部分断面図である。
【図5】図5は、フレネルレンズ面の作用を説明するための説明図である。
【図6】図6は、第2の実施形態における照明装置を備えた液晶表示装置を示す断面図である。
【図7】図7は、図6に示す照明装置の分解斜視図である。
【図8】図8は、拡散反射板の他の実施形態を示す拡大斜視図である。
【図9】図9は、図8に示す拡散反射板の反射特性を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
9 液晶表示装置
10 バックライト(照明装置)
12 導光板
12a 入射面(一方の側端面)
12b 出射面
12c フレネルレンズ面(他方の側端面)
13 バー導光体(光源)
14 突条
14a 第1斜面(緩斜面部)
14b 第2斜面(急斜面部)
19 凹凸面
20 液晶表示パネル
30 拡散反射板
30a 凹凸
40 筐体
57a 反射層
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lighting device for realizing surface light emission and a liquid crystal display device using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, an illumination device that illuminates a liquid crystal display panel from the back needs to uniformly illuminate a wide irradiation surface without luminance unevenness in order to maintain good visibility of the entire liquid crystal display panel. As an illumination device that realizes such surface emission, for example, an illumination device that emits surface light with uniform illuminance on one surface of this light guide plate by using a substantially flat light guide plate having a large number of grooves and protrusions formed on the surface. It has been known. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-243822
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the lighting device provided with the light guide plate as described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to make the light from the light source uniformly enter the entire light incident surface of the light guide plate so that the entire light exit surface of the light guide plate emits light with uniform luminance. is there. For this reason, a lighting device having a conventional light guide plate is provided with a rod-shaped light guide or the like that faces the incident surface of the light guide plate and spreads the light of the LED element, which is a point light source, uniformly to the width of the incident surface of the light guide plate. Needed.
[0005]
However, the conventional lighting device in which another light guide for expanding the light of the light source is provided between the point light source and the light guide plate has a large number of components and is complicated, so that the manufacturing cost is high, and the low cost of the lighting device is low. Had been hindered. Further, this has been an obstacle to downsizing and reducing the size of the lighting device provided with the light guide plate.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a lighting device and a liquid crystal display device capable of emitting a surface light with uniform luminance with a simple configuration.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, one or more light sources and one side end surface form an incident surface for introducing the light of the light source into the inside, and emit the light to the upper surface or the lower surface. A light guide plate having a substantially flat plate shape having an uneven surface on which a number of fine projections to be reflected are arranged, and a Fresnel lens surface provided on the other side end surface of the light guide plate facing the incident surface. An apparatus is provided.
[0008]
In such a lighting device, even if a point light source is used as the light source, the light from the point light source can be spread over the entire light guide plate with uniform luminance by the Fresnel lens surface. Accordingly, light with uniform brightness and no unevenness can be emitted from the lighting device. In such a lighting device, there is no need to provide another intermediate light guide between the light guide plate and the light source, which spreads the light of the light source, which is a point light source, and then enters the light guide plate. And greatly contributes to reduction in size and weight.
[0009]
The Fresnel lens surface may be integrally molded with the other side end surface of the light guide plate, and the Fresnel lens surface may be formed by attaching a lens sheet having a Fresnel lens shape to the other side end surface of the light guide plate. It may be formed by attaching. The Fresnel lens surface can be easily formed on the light guide plate by integrally molding such a Fresnel lens shape on the other side end surface of the light guide plate, or by pasting the Fresnel lens shape on the other side end surface of the light guide plate. become.
[0010]
The light guide plate may further include a diffuse reflection plate facing the upper surface or the lower surface, and the light guide plate and the diffusion reflection plate may be housed in a diffusely reflective casing. The diffuse reflection plate may be formed of fine irregularities formed on the surface. Such a diffuse reflection plate or a casing whose inner surface is diffusely reflective can reduce leakage light that does not contribute as illumination light and increase luminance.
[0011]
The light guide plate may further include an anti-reflection layer on the surface of the light-exiting surface.The anti-reflection layer may prevent light incident on the light guide plate or light from the light guide plate from being irregularly reflected. Can improve the efficiency of use.
[0012]
The focal length of the Fresnel lens forming the Fresnel lens surface may be set to be substantially the same as the distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface. By setting the focal length of the Fresnel lens and the distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface to be substantially the same, the light of the substantially point light source emitted from the light source can be transmitted most efficiently over the entire light guide plate. It is possible to spread with uniform brightness.
[0013]
A reflection layer may be further formed to face the Fresnel lens surface. At this time, it is preferable that the distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface is set to approximately twice the focal length of the Fresnel lens constituting the Fresnel lens surface. By further providing a reflection layer on the Fresnel lens surface, the light use efficiency of the light guide plate is further improved, and the distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface is determined by the focal length of the Fresnel lens constituting the Fresnel lens surface. By setting it to approximately twice, when a reflective layer is further formed facing the Fresnel lens surface, the light of the substantially point light source emitted from the light source can be distributed most efficiently over the entire light guide plate. It becomes possible to widen with brightness.
[0014]
According to the liquid crystal display device including the above-described lighting device and the liquid crystal display panel, it is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device having uniform luminance and excellent visibility without unevenness.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device provided with the lighting device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an external perspective view showing the lighting device. The liquid crystal display device 9 houses a backlight (illumination device) 10, a liquid crystal display panel 20 disposed on the upper surface side (observation side), a diffuse reflection plate 30 disposed on the lower surface side, and these components. And a housing 40 to be provided.
[0016]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the backlight (illumination device) 10 is in contact with a substantially flat transparent light guide plate 12 and a central portion of one side end surface (hereinafter, referred to as an incident surface) 12a. And a point light source 13 provided. The surface of the light guide plate 12 on the side of the diffuse reflection plate 30 is an uneven surface 19 having a substantially saw-tooth cross section in which a plurality of ridges 14 extending substantially in parallel with the incident surface 12a of the light guide plate 12 are formed. I have. The other side end surface (hereinafter, referred to as a Fresnel lens surface) 12c of the light guide plate 12 is a Fresnel lens surface 12c having a Fresnel lens formed on the surface. The surface of the light guide plate 12 on the side of the liquid crystal display panel 20 is an emission surface 12b formed in a plane.
[0017]
The liquid crystal display panel 20 is a transmissive or transflective liquid crystal display panel in which pixels (not shown) are formed in a matrix in a display area. The liquid crystal display panel 20 is illuminated from the back side 20a by the backlight (illumination device) 10, so that the liquid crystal display panel 20 can be clearly observed even in a dark place where external light cannot be obtained.
[0018]
The diffuse reflection plate 30 includes a reflection film made of a high-reflectance metal thin film such as aluminum or silver for reflecting light emitted from the uneven surface 19 of the light guide plate 12 toward the light guide plate 12 again. . The diffuse reflection plate 30 has a large number of fine irregularities 30a serving as light scattering means for preventing the reflected light from becoming strong in a specific direction and preventing the visibility of the liquid crystal display device from being lowered. In addition, as the light scattering means, in addition to the reflection film having a concave and convex shape, a scattering film or the like in which resin beads having a different refractive index from the material forming the resin film in the resin film may be used. it can. The housing 40 is formed of, for example, a metal plate, and the entire inner surface thereof is finished to a reflective surface having diffuse reflection properties.
[0019]
The light guide plate 12 constituting the backlight (illumination device) 10 is a flat plate that is disposed on the back surface side 20 a of the liquid crystal display panel 20 and emits light emitted from the light source 13 toward the liquid crystal display panel 20 from the emission surface 12 b side. And is made of, for example, a transparent acrylic resin. On the lower surface side of the light guide plate 12, a plurality of ridges 14 are formed in a stripe shape in a plan view in parallel with each other to form a prism shape.
[0020]
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the ridge 14. As shown in FIG. 3, the ridges 14 forming the uneven surface 19 are wedge-shaped in longitudinal section formed by a pair of slopes formed to be inclined with respect to the horizontal reference plane z of the uneven surface 19. One of these slope portions is a gentle slope portion 14a, and the other is a steep slope portion (slope portion) 14b formed at a steeper inclination angle than the gentle slope portion 14a.
[0021]
The gentle slope portion 14a is formed to have an inclination angle θ1 with respect to the horizontal reference plane z, and the steep slope portion 14b is formed to have an inclination angle θ2. The direction is the same as the normal. In FIG. 3, the light propagating from the left side (the light source 13 side) to the right side in the light guide plate 12 is reflected to the outside of the uneven surface 19 by the steep slope portion 14 b of the uneven surface 19.
[0022]
Here, the reflection of the propagating light by the steep slope 14b will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional configuration diagram showing the steep slope portion 14b shown in FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner. In the backlight (illumination device) 10 according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the propagation light Lin that enters the steep slope 14 b from the inside of the light guide plate 12 and the reflected light Lout of the propagation light Lin by the steep slope 14 b. The steep slope portion 14b is formed so as to have an inclination angle θ2 such that the angle θ4 formed by the above becomes an obtuse angle. That is, at the position where the steep slope 14b (the ridge 14) is formed, the propagation light Lin is incident on the steep slope 14b at an incident angle exceeding 45 °. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the propagation light Lin that has entered the steep slope portion 14b from being transmitted to the maximum, and as a result, the amount of light reflected by the steep slope portion 14b increases, and the brightness of the backlight 10 improves. .
[0023]
In the backlight 10, the inclination angle θ1 of the gentle slope portion 14a shown in FIG. 3 is in the range of 0.5 ° to 5 ° with respect to the horizontal reference plane z, and the inclination angle θ2 of the steep slope portion 14b is 40 ° or more. It is preferable that the angle be in the range of 60 ° or less. Within such a range, light propagating in the plane of the light guide plate 12 can be efficiently emitted toward the diffuse reflection plate 30.
[0024]
If the range of the inclination angle θ1 of the gentle slope portion 14a is less than 0.5 °, the average brightness of the backlight 10 decreases, and if it exceeds 5 °, the amount of light emitted from the light guide plate 12 is made uniform. You can't do that. When the inclination angle θ2 of the steep slope portion 14b is less than 40 ° or more than 45 °, the amount of light passing through the steep slope portion 14b and leaking increases, and the amount of light emitted from the emission surface 12b (ie, the backlight) 10) is not preferred.
[0025]
Further, in the backlight 10 of the present embodiment, the pitch P of the protrusions 14 (the interval between the apexes of the protrusions 14 or the interval between the bottoms of the protrusions 14) is constant within the uneven surface 19 of the light guide plate 12, and Assuming that the pixel pitch of the liquid crystal display panel 20 is p, it is preferable that P = 0.6p to 0.8p. Further, in the case of the backlight 10 of the present embodiment, the height h (the distance between the horizontal reference plane z and the bottom top of the ridge 14) of the ridge 14 is also constant in the plane of the emission surface 12b. Note that the pitch P and the height h of the ridges 14 do not necessarily need to be constant in the surface of the uneven surface 19, and even if these are changed to form the ridges 14, they exceed the technical scope of the present invention. is not. For example, the pitch P may be coarse on the light source side, and may be finer as the distance from the light source increases. Further, even if the ridges 14 are formed by changing the inclination angles θ1 and θ2 of the respective ridges 14, they do not exceed the technical scope of the present invention.
[0026]
In the present embodiment, since the uneven surface 19 of the backlight 10 is formed so as to face the lower surface side facing the diffuse reflection plate 30, there is no possibility that the ridge 14 will be damaged during the mounting operation. Further, since the upper surface on the liquid crystal display panel 20 side is a flat surface, there is an advantage that the liquid crystal display panel 20 can be stably installed. By forming an anti-reflection layer on such a surface, light loss can be prevented. For example, a multi-layer anti-reflection layer may be formed.
[0027]
In addition, an antireflection layer may be further formed on the surface of the protrusions 14 that form the uneven surface 19. In this case, it is necessary to select a material having a smaller refractive index than that of the light guide plate material as the material of the antireflection layer.
[0028]
The light source 13 provided at the center of the light incident surface 12a of the light guide plate 12 is formed of an LED element which is a substantially point light source. The light source 13 may include one or more LED elements. For example, white light may be obtained from three colors of R, G, and B LEDs.
[0029]
The Fresnel lens surface 12 c of the light guide plate 12 has a Fresnel lens formed integrally with the surface of the light guide plate 12. The Fresnel lens is a substantially planar lens in which small lenses are arranged in an annular shape, and has fine annular annular grooves formed at a predetermined angle according to the focal length set on the other side end surface of the light guide plate 12. And the entire Fresnel lens surface 12c constitutes one lens.
[0030]
It is preferable that such a focal length F1 of the Fresnel lens surface 12c and a distance L1 between the light emitting surface of the light source 13 and the Fresnel lens surface 12c be set to be substantially the same, and within a range of about ± 15% at the maximum. Is good.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 5, light emitted from the light source 13, which is a substantially point light source, illuminates only the substantially central portion of the light guide plate 12 near the incident surface 12a. The light incident from the central portion of the incident surface 12a gradually widens toward the Fresnel lens surface 12c. The Fresnel lens surface 12c reflects the light spread from the light source 13 in a substantially triangular shape toward the incident surface 12a so as to be uniform parallel light over the entire width of the light guide plate 12. As a result, the light emitted from the light source 13, which is a substantially point light source, can be spread with uniform brightness over the entire light guide plate 12 as shown in FIG. At this time, by setting the focal length F1 and the distance L1 to be substantially the same, the light of the substantially point light source emitted from the light source 13 is spread most efficiently with uniform brightness over the entire light guide plate 12. be able to.
[0032]
In this manner, the light spread with uniform brightness over the entire light guide plate 12 by the Fresnel lens surface 12c is emitted toward the diffuse reflection plate 30 by the ridges 14 forming the uneven surface 19 as shown in FIG. . Then, the light reflected by the diffuse reflection plate 30 again toward the light guide plate 12 passes through the light guide plate 12 and exits with uniform brightness from the entire exit surface 12b. The light emitted from the light guide plate 12 illuminates the entire display surface of the liquid crystal display panel 20 from the rear surface 20a with uniform brightness without unevenness. Thus, the liquid crystal display device 9 of the present invention can observe the liquid crystal display panel 20 illuminated with uniform luminance even in a dark place where external light cannot be obtained.
[0033]
As described above, in the lighting device 10 of the present invention, by forming the Fresnel lens surface 12c on the side end surface of the light guide plate 12, a point light source is used as the light source 13 as light incident on the incident surface 12a of the light guide plate 12. Also, the light of the point light source is spread with uniform brightness over the entire area of the light guide plate 12 by the Fresnel lens surface 12c. Therefore, since it is not necessary to spread the light incident on the incident surface 12a uniformly over the entire incident surface 12a in advance, a rod-shaped light source for uniformly spreading light from an LED element or the like, which is a point light source, to the width of the incident surface of the light guide plate. A light guide different from the light guide plate 12, such as the light guide of the above, becomes unnecessary. Therefore, a substantially point light source such as an LED element can be directly attached to the incident surface of the light guide plate 12, and the number of constituent members is reduced, which greatly contributes to the low cost of the lighting device. In addition, since a light guide different from the light guide plate 12 is not required, it is also useful for reducing the size and weight of the lighting device.
[0034]
FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. In this embodiment, the light guide plate 52 constituting the backlight (illumination device) 50 has an uneven surface 54 on the upper surface side facing the liquid crystal display panel 53. The uneven surface 54 has a substantially triangular longitudinal cross section in which a number of ridges 55 are arranged. One of these slopes is a gentle slope 55a, and the other is a steeper slope than the gentle slope 55a. It is a steep slope portion (slope portion) 55b formed at an angle.
[0035]
The gentle slope portion 55a has an inclination angle θ7 with respect to the horizontal reference plane z, and the steep slope portion 55b has an inclination angle θ8. Are inclined in opposite directions to each other. Of these, the gentle slope portion 55a contributes to the propagation of light in the light guide plate 52, and the steep slope portion 55b serves as a reflection surface that contributes to light reflection. The inclination angle θ7 of such a gentle slope portion 55a is in the range of 1.0 ° or more and 2.5 ° or less, preferably 1.0 ° or more and 2.0 ° or less with respect to the horizontal reference plane z. The inclination angle θ8 of 55b is in the range of 41 ° to 46 °, preferably 42 ° to 45 °.
[0036]
When the range of the inclination angle θ7 of the gentle slope portion 55a is less than 1.0 °, the average luminance of the backlight (illumination device) 50 decreases, and when it exceeds 2.5 °, the average brightness in the plane of the light guide plate 52 is reduced. The amount of emitted light cannot be made uniform. Further, when the inclination angle θ2 of the steep slope portion 55b is less than 41 ° or more than 46 °, the amount of light that leaks through the steep slope portion 55b increases, which is not preferable because it causes brightness unevenness.
[0037]
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a backlight (illumination device) 50 included in the liquid crystal display device of FIG. One side end (hereinafter, referred to as an incident surface) 52a of the light guide plate 52 in this embodiment is an incident surface, and a light source 59 having an LED element, which is a substantially point light source, is attached to a central portion. A Fresnel lens sheet 56 on which a Fresnel lens surface 56a is formed is attached to the other side end 52b of the light guide plate 52. Further, a reflection sheet 57 having a reflection layer 57a is attached to the surface of the Fresnel lens sheet 56.
[0038]
Thus, by attaching the Fresnel lens sheet 56 to one side end 52a of the light guide plate 52, the Fresnel lens surface 56a can be easily formed at the side end of the light guide plate 52. Like the first embodiment, the Fresnel lens surface 56a has an incident surface such that the light emitted from the light source 59, which is a substantially point light source, becomes uniform parallel light over the entire width of the light guide plate 52. The light is reflected toward 52a. Thus, light emitted from the light source 59, which is a substantially point light source, can spread with uniform luminance over the entire light guide plate 52.
[0039]
In the second embodiment, the reflectance of the light emitted from the light source 59 on the Fresnel lens surface 56a is further increased by further providing the reflection sheet 57 on the back surface side of the Fresnel lens surface 56a. This makes it possible to minimize the amount of light leaking from the Fresnel lens surface 56a, and further increase the luminance of the backlight (illumination device) 50. The reflection sheet 57 may be formed of a mirror-like metal film such as an aluminum sheet.
[0040]
When the reflection sheet 57 is provided on the back surface side of the Fresnel lens surface 56a as in the second embodiment, the distance L2 between the light emitting surface of the light source 59 and the Fresnel lens surface 56a is set to the focal length F2 of the Fresnel lens surface 56a. It is preferable to set about twice. By setting the distance L2 to be approximately twice the focal length F2, the light of the substantially point light source emitted from the light source 59 can be spread most efficiently with uniform luminance over the entire light guide plate 52. By providing the reflection sheet 57, the depth of the groove constituting the Fresnel lens surface 56a can be reduced, and the molding of the Fresnel lens sheet 56 is facilitated.
[0041]
Referring again to FIG. 6, on lower surface 52 c of light guide plate 52, diffuse reflection plate 61 having a large number of fine irregularities 61 a formed on the surface is formed to diffuse light emitted from lower surface 52 c of light guide plate 52. The light is reflected again toward the light guide plate 52. Then, the light transmitted through the light guide plate 52 illuminates the liquid crystal display panel 53 from the back side with uniform luminance and without unevenness. Note that a low-diffusion sheet 62 is adhered to the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel 53. Such a low diffusion sheet 62 plays a role in efficiently introducing the light emitted from the uneven surface 54 of the light guide plate 52 into the liquid crystal display panel 53.
[0042]
In the liquid crystal display device 65 according to the second embodiment, the backlight (illumination device) 50 and the liquid crystal display panel 53 also have a case 64 in which the entire inner surface is finished as a reflective surface having diffuse reflection properties. It should just be stored in. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent light leaking from a portion other than the liquid crystal display panel 53, and to enhance the visibility of the liquid crystal display device 65. In the present embodiment, the example in which the Fresnel lens surface 56a is formed by a sheet is described, but the end surface of the light guide plate 52 may be formed into a Fresnel lens surface by a molding method.
[0043]
The fine irregularities 30a and 61a constituting the diffuse reflection plates 30 and 61 in the first and second embodiments have, for example, a shape as shown in FIG. Is also good. The recess 72 constituting the diffuse reflection plate 71 has an inner surface shape in the longitudinal section X that is asymmetric with respect to the center O of the recess 72. On the other hand, the inner surface shape of the concave section 72 in the longitudinal section Y is substantially equal to the center O of the concave section 72.
[0044]
According to the diffuse reflection plate 71 having the concave portion 72 having the above-described shape, as shown in FIG. 8, as a total reflection characteristic in the longitudinal section X, a specific reflectance while sufficiently securing the reflectance in the regular reflection direction is obtained. Reflection characteristics in which reflected light is appropriately concentrated in the direction can be obtained. FIG. 9 shows that the diffuse reflection plate 71 in which a plurality of the concave portions 72 are formed is irradiated with light at an incident angle of 30 ° from the direction closer to the x direction than the normal direction of the surface of the base material, and based on the visual angle. Relationship between viewing angle (θ °) and brightness (reflectance height) when continuously changing from perpendicular position (0 °) to 60 ° centering on 30 ° which is the direction of regular reflection on the material surface It is shown. In the reflection characteristic represented by this graph, the integral value of the reflectance in the reflection angle range smaller than the regular reflection angle of 30 ° is larger than the integral value of the reflectance in the reflection angle range larger than the regular reflection angle. The reflection direction tends to shift to the normal side from the regular reflection direction.
[0045]
When the diffuse reflection plate 71 having the concave portion 72 having the above-described shape is employed in the liquid crystal display devices 9 and 65, the light reflected by the diffusion reflection plate 71 has a directivity of increasing the reflectance in a specific direction. As a result, the emission efficiency can be increased at a specific emission angle. In addition, since the directivity of high reflectance in a specific direction is obtained as described above, the liquid crystal display surface can be adjusted in a specific viewing angle range, for example, by adjusting the liquid crystal display surface to the normal viewing angle direction. It is possible to control the brightness to be higher.
[0046]
In each of the above embodiments, the case where the lighting device according to the present invention is used as a backlight has been described. However, the lighting device according to the present invention is preferably used as a front light that is disposed on the upper surface of a liquid crystal display panel. Can be used. In that case, the light guide plate surface on which the ridges are formed may be disposed on the upper surface (observation surface) of the liquid crystal display panel, and the configuration may be such that the diffuse reflection surface placed below is removed. it can. According to this configuration, illumination light having higher luminance than that of the conventional front light can be obtained, and a liquid crystal display device having a bright display can be provided.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the lighting device of the present invention, even if a point light source is used as the light source, the light from the point light source can be spread over the entire light guide plate with uniform luminance by the Fresnel lens surface. Become. Accordingly, light with uniform brightness and no unevenness can be emitted from the lighting device. In such a lighting device, there is no need to provide an intermediate light guide between the light guide plate and the light source to spread the light of the light source, which is a point light source, and then enter the light guide plate. It greatly contributes to miniaturization and reduction in size and weight.
[0048]
The Fresnel lens surface may be integrally molded with the other side end surface of the light guide plate, and the Fresnel lens surface may be formed by attaching a lens sheet having a Fresnel lens shape to the other side end surface of the light guide plate. It may be formed by attaching. The Fresnel lens surface can be easily formed on the light guide plate by integrally molding such a Fresnel lens shape on the other side end surface of the light guide plate, or by pasting the Fresnel lens shape on the other side end surface of the light guide plate. become.
[0049]
The light guide plate may further include a diffuse reflection plate facing the upper surface or the lower surface, and the light guide plate and the diffusion reflection plate may be housed in a diffusely reflective casing. The diffuse reflection plate may be formed of fine irregularities formed on the surface. Such a diffuse reflection plate or a casing whose inner surface is diffusely reflective can reduce leakage light that does not contribute as illumination light and increase luminance. The surface of the uneven surface may further include an anti-reflection layer.
[0050]
The focal length of the Fresnel lens forming the Fresnel lens surface may be set to be substantially the same as the distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface. By setting the focal length of the Fresnel lens and the distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface to be substantially the same, the light of the substantially point light source emitted from the light source can be transmitted most efficiently over the entire light guide plate. It is possible to spread with uniform brightness.
[0051]
A reflection layer may be further formed to face the Fresnel lens surface. At this time, it is preferable that the distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface is set to approximately twice the focal length of the Fresnel lens constituting the Fresnel lens surface. By further providing a reflection layer on the Fresnel lens surface, the light use efficiency of the light guide plate is further improved, and the distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface is determined by the focal length of the Fresnel lens constituting the Fresnel lens surface. By setting it to approximately twice, when a reflective layer is further formed facing the Fresnel lens surface, the light of the substantially point light source emitted from the light source can be distributed most efficiently over the entire light guide plate. It becomes possible to widen with brightness.
[0052]
According to the liquid crystal display device including the lighting device and the liquid crystal display panel as described above, a liquid crystal display device having uniform luminance, excellent uniformity, and excellent visibility can be used at a low level.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device provided with the lighting device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of the lighting device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view showing an enlarged view of a ridge of a light guide plate.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining a light guiding state of the light guide plate.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an operation of a Fresnel lens surface.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal display device including a lighting device according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the lighting device shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view showing another embodiment of the diffuse reflection plate.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing reflection characteristics of the diffuse reflection plate shown in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
9 Liquid crystal display device 10 Backlight (illumination device)
12 Light guide plate 12a Incident surface (one side end surface)
12b Outgoing surface 12c Fresnel lens surface (the other side end surface)
13 Bar light guide (light source)
14 ridge 14a 1st slope (slow slope)
14b 2nd slope (steep slope)
19 Uneven Surface 20 Liquid Crystal Display Panel 30 Diffuse Reflecting Plate 30a Uneven Surface 40 Case 57a Reflective Layer

Claims (11)

1つ以上の光源と、一方の側端面が前記光源の光を内部に導入する入射面を成すとともに、上面または下面に前記光を出射および反射させる微細な突条を多数配列した凹凸面を有する略平板状の導光板とを備え、
前記導光板の前記入射面と向き合う他方の側端面にフレネルレンズ面を備えたことを特徴とする照明装置。
One or more light sources, and one side end surface forms an incident surface for introducing the light of the light source into the inside, and has an uneven surface on which a large number of fine protrusions for emitting and reflecting the light are arranged on an upper surface or a lower surface. With a substantially flat light guide plate,
A lighting device, comprising a Fresnel lens surface on the other end surface of the light guide plate facing the incident surface.
前記フレネルレンズ面は、前記導光板の他方の側端面に一体成型されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the Fresnel lens surface is formed integrally with the other side end surface of the light guide plate. 前記フレネルレンズ面は、フレネルレンズ形状を備えたレンズシートを前記導光板の他方の側端面に貼り付けて形成したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the Fresnel lens surface is formed by attaching a lens sheet having a Fresnel lens shape to the other side end surface of the light guide plate. 前記導光板の前記上面または下面に対面して拡散反射板を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to claim 1, further comprising a diffuse reflection plate facing the upper surface or the lower surface of the light guide plate. 前記導光板および前記拡散反射板は、内面が拡散反射性の筐体に収納されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to claim 4, wherein the light guide plate and the diffuse reflection plate are housed in a casing having a diffuse reflection inner surface. 前記拡散反射板は微細な凹凸を表面に形成したものからなることを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to claim 4, wherein the diffuse reflection plate has fine irregularities formed on a surface thereof. 前記導光板の出射面の表面に防反射層を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to claim 1, further comprising an anti-reflection layer on a surface of an emission surface of the light guide plate. 前記フレネルレンズ面を構成するフレネルレンズの焦点距離を前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離と略同じに設定したことを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の照明装置。The illumination according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a focal length of a Fresnel lens constituting the Fresnel lens surface is set substantially equal to a distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface. apparatus. 前記フレネルレンズ面に対面して更に反射層を形成したことを特徴とする請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a reflection layer is further formed to face the Fresnel lens surface. 前記光源と前記フレネルレンズ面との間の距離を前記フレネルレンズ面を構成するフレネルレンズの焦点距離の略2倍に設定したことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の照明装置。The lighting device according to claim 9, wherein a distance between the light source and the Fresnel lens surface is set to be approximately twice a focal length of a Fresnel lens forming the Fresnel lens surface. 請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の照明装置と、液晶表示パネルとを備えたことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。A liquid crystal display device comprising: the lighting device according to claim 1; and a liquid crystal display panel.
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