JP2004304659A - Antenna with a plurality of primary radiators - Google Patents

Antenna with a plurality of primary radiators Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004304659A
JP2004304659A JP2003097212A JP2003097212A JP2004304659A JP 2004304659 A JP2004304659 A JP 2004304659A JP 2003097212 A JP2003097212 A JP 2003097212A JP 2003097212 A JP2003097212 A JP 2003097212A JP 2004304659 A JP2004304659 A JP 2004304659A
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antenna
eccentric
dielectric
dielectric antenna
radio wave
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JP2003097212A
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JP4125984B2 (en
Inventor
Tetsuo Tsugawa
哲雄 津川
Yoshihiko Sugio
嘉彦 杉尾
Fumio Suzuki
文雄 鈴木
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ABEL SYSTEMS Inc
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ABEL SYSTEMS Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve gain of antenna, by making the whole body compact and preventing interference of primary radiators arranged adjacently. <P>SOLUTION: The antenna includes an electric wave convergence part 2 for converging an incident electric wave from different directions to a plurality of focal points, and a plurality of primary radiators 1 arranged at the plurality of the focal points of the electric wave convergence part 2. The primary radiator 1 has a dielectric antenna 4 and receives the electric wave focused on the focal point of the electric wave convergence part 2 by using the dielectric antenna 4.In addition, the dielectric antenna 4 is an eccentric dielectric antenna 4, of which a phase center of received electric wave is capable of shifting to a direction crossing with the propagation direction. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is arranged at a focal point of the electric wave convergence part and receives the electric wave converged at the focal point of the electric wave convergence part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、互いに異なる方向の電波を受信するアンテナに関し、とくに二つ以上の接近する人工衛星、たとえば東経１２８度と１２４度の上空に位置する、ＪＣＳＡＴ−３号とＪＣＳＡＴ−４号等が発信する電波を複数の一次放射器で有効に受信するのに最適なアンテナに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
複数の衛星から発振される電波を受信するために、複数の一次放射器を配置しているアンテナは開発されている。（特許文献１参照）
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特開平１０−１６３７３０号公報
【０００４】
この公報には、球面状のルーネベルグレンズの焦点位置に複数の一次放射器を備えたルーネベルグ型アンテナが記載される。この構造のルーネベルグレンズアンテナは、図１に示すように、互いに接近する方向から入射される電波を受信するためには、一次放射器１を互いに接近して配置する必要がある。互いに接近する焦点に一次放射器１を配置するからである。また、図２に示すようにパラボラアンテナも、電波を集束させる反射器の焦点に一次放射器１を配置する。このため、互いに接近する方向から入射する電波を受信すると、焦点が接近するので一次放射器１を近くに配置する必要がある。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
互いに接近して配置される一次放射器同士は、干渉が生じてアンテナとしての感度が低下し、また混信する等の問題がある。また、互いに接近して配置される一次放射器は、大きさに制約を受ける。大きい一次放射器では接近して配置できないからである。一次放射器が小さくなることも、アンテナの利得を低下させる。この欠点は、ルーネベルグレンズやパラボラの反射器を大きくして解消できる。ルーネベルグレンズやパラボラの反射器を大きくして、焦点の間隔も広くできるからである。ただ、これ等を大きくすることは、製造コストが高くなるばかりでなく、広い設置場所を必要とする等の欠点がある。
【０００６】
本発明は、このような欠点を解決することを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、全体をコンパクトにしながら、隣接して配置される一次放射器の干渉を防止し、アンテナとしての利得を向上できる複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナを提供することにある。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のアンテナは、互いに異なる方向から入射する電波を複数の焦点に集合する電波集束部２と、この電波集束部２の複数の焦点に配置している複数の一次放射器１とを備える。一次放射器１は、誘電体アンテナ４を備えており、この誘電体アンテナ４でもって電波集束部２の焦点に集束される電波を受信する。さらに誘電体アンテナ４は、受信する電波の位相中心を、伝搬方向と交差する方向にずらせる偏心誘電体アンテナ４である。偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、電波集束部の焦点に配置されて、電波集束部で焦点に集束される電波を受信する。
【０００８】
一次放射器１は、導波管３の先端に偏心誘電体アンテナ４を装荷して、偏心誘電体アンテナ４で受信した電波を、導波管３に給電することができる。
【０００９】
偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、先端を傾斜面４ａとして位相中心を導波管３の中心軸から横方向にずらせることができる。また、偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、先端部に高誘電体層４Ａを設け、この高誘電体層４Ａの先端面を傾斜面４ａとして誘電体アンテナ４の位相中心を導波管３の中心軸からずらせることもできる。さらにまた、偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、中心軸を導波管３の中心軸に対して折曲させる形状として、偏心誘電体アンテナ４の位相中心を導波管３の中心軸からずらせることもできる。偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、たとえば比誘電率を１．５〜３．５、好ましくは２〜３とするプラスチック等で製作される。アンテナの電波集束部２は、ルーネベルグレンズやパラボラアンテナの反射器とすることができる。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するためのアンテナを例示するものであって、本発明はアンテナを下記のものに特定しない。
【００１１】
さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を理解し易いように、実施例に示される部材に対応する番号を、「特許請求の範囲の欄」、および「課題を解決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記している。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。
【００１２】
図３と図４のアンテナは、互いに異なる方向から入射する電波を複数の焦点に集合する電波集束部２と、この電波集束部２の複数の焦点に配置している複数の一次放射器１とを備える。図３は、電波集束部２をルーネベルグレンズとするルーネベルグレンズアンテナを示している。ルーネベルグレンズは誘電体を球形にしてなるレンズである。図４は、電波集束部２をパラボラアンテナの反射器とするパラボラアンテナを示している。電波集束部２は、受信する電波を反射器で反射し、あるいはレンズ等に透過させて焦点に集束できる構造とすることができる。図のアンテナは、電波集束部２の焦点に２組の一次放射器１を配置しているが、３組以上の一次放射器を設けて、３方向よりも多数の方向から入射する電波を受信することもできる。
【００１３】
図５に示す一次放射器１は、誘電体アンテナ４を備える。誘電体アンテナ４は、受信する電波の位相中心を伝搬方向と交差する方向にずらせる偏心誘電体アンテナ４である。偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、電波集束部２の焦点に配置されて、電波集束部２で焦点に集束される電波を受信する。この図の一次放射器１は、導波管３の先端に偏心誘電体アンテナ４を装荷している。図の一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４を円柱状として、導波管３を円筒状とするので、偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、位相中心を伝搬方向に交差する方向にずらせている。図の一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４の中心軸が導波管３の中心軸に対して直線状となるように配置している。図５の偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、先端面を中心軸に直交する面に対して傾斜する傾斜面４ａとして、位相中心を伝搬方向と交差する方向、すなわち導波管３の中心軸から横方向にずらせるようにしている。
【００１４】
図５に示す構造の偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、比誘電率を２〜３とするプラスチック等の誘電体で製作される。この偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、以下の動作原理で、位相中心が中心軸がずれる。この図において、電波は、ａｂの経路とｃｄの経路から入射して、中心軸のｏ点で交差するとする。電波は、誘電体の内部を通過するときに、誘電体の誘電率が空気よりも大きいので、空気中に比較して速度が遅くなる。ａｂの経路とｃｄの経路とでは、誘電体内を通過する経路ｄｏがｂｏより長いので、ａｂの経路に比べてｃｄの経路の電波の位相が遅れる。このため、ａｂの経路とｃｄの経路の電波の位相が揃う位相中心がｏ点からｏ’点にずれる。偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、ｏからずれた位相中心であるｏ’点が、電波集束部２の焦点に位置させるように配置される。すなわち、偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、入射される電波を、電波の伝搬方向（図において上下方向）と交差する横方向に位相中心をずらせる誘電体アンテナである。
【００１５】
偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、図６に示す構造とすることもできる。この偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、先端部に高誘電体層４Ａを設けて、高誘電体層４Ａの先端面を傾斜面４ａとしている。この偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、アンテナ本体部４Ｂの先端に高誘電体層４Ａを積層している。高誘電体層４Ａは、その誘電率がアンテナ本体部４Ｂの誘電率よりも高い。この偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、高誘電体層４Ａとアンテナ本体部４Ｂの両方を、比誘電率を１．５〜３．５とする誘電体で製作している。この偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、図５の偏心誘電体アンテナ４と同じ原理で、高誘電体層４Ａが位相中心を偏心させる。
【００１６】
さらに、偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、図７に示すように、導波管３の中心軸に対して全体を傾斜させる姿勢として先端を傾斜面４ａとすることもできる。
【００１７】
また、偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、先端を必ずしも傾斜面４ａとする必要はない。図８に示す偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、先端面に傾斜高誘電体層４Ｃを設けて、傾斜高誘電体層４Ｃとアンテナ本体部４Ｂとの境界面を傾斜面４ａとしている。この偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、傾斜高誘電体層４Ｃの誘電率をアンテナ本体部４Ｂの誘電率より高くしている。この偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、傾斜高誘電体層４Ｃとアンテナ本体部４Ｂの両方を、比誘電率を１．５〜３．５とする誘電体で製作する。この偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、傾斜高誘電体層４Ｃとアンテナ本体部４Ｂとで反対方向に位相中心が偏心される。ただ、アンテナ本体部４Ｂの誘電率が低いので、アンテナ本体部４Ｂにおける位相中心のずれが小さく、偏心誘電体アンテナ４としては傾斜高誘電体層４Ｃの偏心方向に位相中心がずれる。
【００１８】
さらに、図示しないが、偏心誘電体アンテナは、先端を傾斜面とすることなく、中心軸に直交する面として、中心軸に直交する方向に次第に誘電率を変化させて、位相中心を横方向にずらせる構造とすることもできる。
【００１９】
一次放射器１は、図９と図１０に示す構造で、偏心誘電体アンテナ４を導波管３に連結する。これ等の図に示す一次放射器１の偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、導波管３の先端開口部に挿入するテーパー部４ｂを設けている。テーパー部４ｂは、偏心誘電体アンテナ４と導波管３とを整合する形状とする。このテーパー部４ｂで偏心誘電体アンテナ４と導波管３とを整合させる一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４から導波管３に反射しないように能率よく電波を給電できる。さらに、図９と図１０の一次放射器１は、導波管３の開口縁を中心に向かって下り勾配のテーパー面５としている。偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、導波管３の開口縁に当接する面を、導波管３のテーパー面５に沿う形状とし、さらに導波管３の内部には整合用のテーパー部４ｂを設けている。この一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４を導波管３にしっかりと固定して、電波が外部に漏れるを防止できる。
【００２０】
以上の一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４を円柱状として、導波管３を円筒状としているが、本発明のアンテナは、偏心誘電体アンテナを角柱状として、導波管を角筒状とすることもできる。偏心誘電体アンテナは、プラスチック等の誘電体で製作されるが、プラスチック以外の誘電体、たとえば無機の誘電体で製作することもできる。
【００２１】
偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、入射される電波を、伝搬方向に交差する方向に位相中心をずらせるので、互いに接近して配置される一次放射器１の位置を、図１１に示す従来のアンテナに比較すると、図１２に示すように、互いに離して配置できる。それは、図１２の一点鎖線で示すように、電波集束部２の焦点に集束される電波を、偏心誘電体アンテナ４で横方向にずらせて、導波管３に給電できるからである。たとえば、図５に示す偏心誘電体アンテナ４は、位相中心を右にずらせるので、電波集束部２の焦点を導波管３の中心軸から左に位置させて、焦点に集束される電波を導波管３の中心に給電できる。すなわち、図５において、一次放射器１を右方向にシフトして配置できる。したがって、アンテナは図３と図４に示すように、一次放射器１を互いに離して配置できる。また、離して配置しない構造にあっては、一次放射器１を太くできる。
【００２２】
本発明のアンテナは、一次放射器１を、偏心誘電体アンテナ４を導波管３に連結する構造に特定しない。図１３ないし図１５に示す一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４を、パッチアンテナ６Ａやスパイラルアンテナ６Ｂ等の平面アンテナ６に連結している。この一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４で受信した電波を、パッチアンテナ６Ａやスパイラルアンテナ６Ｂ等の平面アンテナ６に給電する。図１３と図１４に示すパッチアンテナ６Ａは、偏心誘電体アンテナ４の外形にほぼ等しい外形の絶縁基板７の裏面に導体層を、表面には四角形のパッチ導体８を設けている。図１５のスパイラルアンテナ６Ｂは、偏心誘電体アンテナ４の外形にほぼ等しい外形の絶縁基板７の裏面に導体層を、表面にはスパイラル導体９を設けている。
【００２３】
これ等の一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４と平面アンテナ６との距離Ｇが０〜λ／４となるように、偏心誘電体アンテナ４を平面アンテナ６の表面側に配置している。この構造一次放射器１は、平面アンテナ６に同軸ケーブル（図示せず）を接続し、受信した電波を同軸ケーブルで受信機に伝送する。同軸ケーブルは、芯線をパッチ導体８やスパイラル導体９に接続し、外皮導体を絶縁基板７の裏面の導体層に接続する。
【００２４】
以上のように、平面アンテナ６の表面に偏心誘電体アンテナ４を配置している一次放射器１は、偏心誘電体アンテナ４を導波管３に連結している一次放射器１と同じように、電波集束部２の焦点に偏心誘電体アンテナ４を配置して、電波集束部２で焦点に集束した電波を偏心誘電体アンテナ４で受信し、偏心誘電体アンテナ４から平面アンテナ６に給電する。
【００２５】
【発明の効果】
本発明の複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナは、全体をコンパクトにしながら、隣接して配置される一次放射器の干渉を防止しながら、アンテナとしての利得を向上できる特長がある。それは、電波集束部の焦点に配置している一次放射器の偏心誘電体アンテナが、受信する電波の位相中心を伝搬方向と交差する方向にずらせるからである。位相中心を伝搬方向からずらせる偏心誘電体アンテナは、隣接する一次放射器の偏心誘電体アンテナとの間隔を広くして、電波集束部の焦点に集束される電波を有効に受信する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】従来のルーネベルグレンズアンテナを示す概略断面図
【図２】従来のパラボラアンテナを示す概略断面図
【図３】本発明の実施例にかかるルーネベルグレンズアンテナの概略断面図
【図４】本発明の実施例にかかるパラボラアンテナの概略断面図
【図５】本発明のアンテナの偏心誘電体アンテナが位相中心をずらせる動作原理を示す斜視図
【図６】本発明の他の実施例の一次放射器を示す斜視図
【図７】さらに本発明の他の実施例の一次放射器を示す斜視図
【図８】さらにまた本発明の他の実施例の一次放射器を示す斜視図
【図９】本発明の実施例のアンテナの一次放射器を示す斜視図
【図１０】図９に示す一次放射器の断面図
【図１１】従来のアンテナの一次放射器の配置を示す斜視図
【図１２】本発明の実施例にかかるアンテナの一次放射器の配置を示す斜視図
【図１３】本発明の他の実施例の一次放射器を示す斜視図
【図１４】さらに本発明の他の実施例の一次放射器を示す斜視図
【図１５】さらにまた本発明の他の実施例の一次放射器を示す斜視図
【符号の説明】
１…一次放射器
２…電波集束部
３…導波管
４…誘電体アンテナ ４ａ…傾斜面 ４ｂ…テーパー部
４Ａ…高誘電体層 ４Ｂ…アンテナ本体部
４Ｃ…低誘電体層
５…テーパー面
６…平面アンテナ ６Ａ…パッチアンテナ ６Ｂ…スパイラルアンテナ
７…絶縁基板
８…パッチ導体
９…スパイラル導体[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antenna for receiving radio waves in directions different from each other, in particular, transmitting two or more approaching artificial satellites, for example, JCSAT-3 and JCSAT-4, which are located above 128 ° and 124 ° E. The present invention relates to an antenna that is most suitable for effectively receiving an incoming radio wave with a plurality of primary radiators.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Antennas having a plurality of primary radiators arranged to receive radio waves oscillated from a plurality of satellites have been developed. (See Patent Document 1)
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 10-163730 A
This publication describes a Luneberg antenna having a plurality of primary radiators at the focal position of a spherical Luneberg lens. In the Luneberg lens antenna having this structure, as shown in FIG. 1, in order to receive radio waves incident from directions approaching each other, it is necessary to arrange the primary radiators 1 close to each other. This is because the primary radiators 1 are arranged at focal points approaching each other. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the parabolic antenna also has the primary radiator 1 disposed at the focal point of a reflector that focuses radio waves. For this reason, when radio waves incident from directions approaching each other are received, the focal point approaches and the primary radiator 1 needs to be arranged close.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The primary radiators arranged close to each other have a problem that interference occurs, the sensitivity as an antenna is reduced, and interference occurs. Also, primary radiators arranged close to each other are limited in size. This is because a large primary radiator cannot be placed closely. Smaller primary radiators also reduce antenna gain. This disadvantage can be eliminated by increasing the size of the Luneberg lens or the parabolic reflector. This is because the Luneberg lens and the reflector of the parabola can be enlarged, and the interval between the focal points can be widened. However, increasing these factors not only increases the manufacturing cost but also has disadvantages such as requiring a large installation space.
[0006]
The present invention has been developed to solve such disadvantages. An important object of the present invention is to provide an antenna having a plurality of primary radiators capable of improving the gain as an antenna while preventing the interference of the primary radiators arranged adjacently while keeping the whole compact. .
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The antenna according to the present invention includes a radio wave converging unit 2 for collecting radio waves incident from different directions at a plurality of focal points, and a plurality of primary radiators 1 arranged at a plurality of focal points of the radio wave converging unit 2. The primary radiator 1 is provided with a dielectric antenna 4, and receives a radio wave focused on the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit 2 by the dielectric antenna 4. Further, the dielectric antenna 4 is an eccentric dielectric antenna 4 that shifts the phase center of a received radio wave in a direction intersecting the propagation direction. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is disposed at the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit, and receives the radio wave focused at the focal point by the radio wave focusing unit.
[0008]
The primary radiator 1 can load an electric wave received by the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 to the waveguide 3 by loading the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 at the tip of the waveguide 3.
[0009]
The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 can shift the phase center in the lateral direction from the center axis of the waveguide 3 with the tip as the inclined surface 4a. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is provided with a high dielectric layer 4A at the tip, and the tip of the high dielectric layer 4A is used as an inclined surface 4a to shift the phase center of the dielectric antenna 4 from the center axis of the waveguide 3. It can be shifted. Furthermore, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 may have a shape whose central axis is bent with respect to the central axis of the waveguide 3 so that the phase center of the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is shifted from the central axis of the waveguide 3. it can. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is made of, for example, plastic having a relative dielectric constant of 1.5 to 3.5, preferably 2 to 3. The radio wave focusing unit 2 of the antenna can be a Luneberg lens or a reflector of a parabolic antenna.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below exemplify an antenna for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the antenna as follows.
[0011]
Further, in this specification, in order to make it easy to understand the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments are referred to as "claims" and "means for solving the problem". Are added to the members indicated by "." However, the members described in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiments.
[0012]
The antenna shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 includes a radio wave converging unit 2 for collecting radio waves incident from different directions at a plurality of focal points, and a plurality of primary radiators 1 arranged at a plurality of focal points of the radio wave converging unit 2. Is provided. FIG. 3 shows a Luneberg lens antenna using the radio wave focusing unit 2 as a Luneberg lens. The Luneberg lens is a lens made of a dielectric material having a spherical shape. FIG. 4 shows a parabolic antenna in which the radio wave focusing unit 2 is a reflector of the parabolic antenna. The radio wave focusing unit 2 may have a structure in which a received radio wave is reflected by a reflector or transmitted through a lens or the like so as to be focused at a focal point. In the antenna shown in the figure, two sets of primary radiators 1 are arranged at the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit 2. However, three or more sets of primary radiators are provided to receive radio waves incident from more than three directions. You can also.
[0013]
The primary radiator 1 shown in FIG. The dielectric antenna 4 is an eccentric dielectric antenna 4 that shifts the phase center of a received radio wave in a direction intersecting the propagation direction. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is arranged at the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit 2 and receives a radio wave focused at the focal point by the radio wave focusing unit 2. The primary radiator 1 in this figure has an eccentric dielectric antenna 4 mounted at the tip of a waveguide 3. In the primary radiator 1 in the figure, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 has a cylindrical shape, and the waveguide 3 has a cylindrical shape. Therefore, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 shifts the phase center in a direction intersecting the propagation direction. The primary radiator 1 is arranged such that the central axis of the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is linear with respect to the central axis of the waveguide 3. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 shown in FIG. 5 has an inclined surface 4a having a distal end surface inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the central axis, and has a phase center in a direction intersecting the propagation direction, that is, a lateral direction from the central axis of the waveguide 3. I try to shift.
[0014]
The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 having the structure shown in FIG. 5 is made of a dielectric such as plastic having a relative dielectric constant of 2 to 3. In the eccentric dielectric antenna 4, the center of phase is shifted from the center axis by the following operation principle. In this figure, it is assumed that a radio wave enters from the path ab and the path cd and intersects at point o on the central axis. When a radio wave passes through the inside of a dielectric, the speed of the radio wave is lower than that in the air because the dielectric constant of the dielectric is larger than that of the air. Since the path do passing through the dielectric is longer than bo between the path ab and the path cd, the phase of the radio wave of the path cd is delayed as compared with the path ab. For this reason, the phase center at which the phases of the radio waves on the path ab and the path cd are aligned is shifted from the point o to the point o '. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is arranged such that the point o ′, which is the phase center shifted from o, is located at the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit 2. That is, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is a dielectric antenna that shifts the phase center of the incoming radio wave in the horizontal direction that intersects the propagation direction of the radio wave (vertical direction in the figure).
[0015]
The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 may have the structure shown in FIG. This eccentric dielectric antenna 4 has a high dielectric layer 4A provided at the distal end, and the distal end surface of the high dielectric layer 4A is an inclined surface 4a. This eccentric dielectric antenna 4 has a high dielectric layer 4A laminated on the tip of an antenna body 4B. The dielectric constant of the high dielectric layer 4A is higher than the dielectric constant of the antenna body 4B. In the eccentric dielectric antenna 4, both the high dielectric layer 4A and the antenna body 4B are made of a dielectric material having a relative dielectric constant of 1.5 to 3.5. In this eccentric dielectric antenna 4, the high dielectric layer 4A decenters the phase center on the same principle as the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 of FIG.
[0016]
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 may have an inclined surface 4a at the tip as a posture of inclining the whole with respect to the central axis of the waveguide 3.
[0017]
Further, the tip of the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 does not necessarily have to be the inclined surface 4a. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 shown in FIG. 8 has an inclined high dielectric layer 4C provided on the tip end surface, and a boundary surface between the inclined high dielectric layer 4C and the antenna body 4B is an inclined surface 4a. In the eccentric dielectric antenna 4, the dielectric constant of the inclined high dielectric layer 4C is higher than the dielectric constant of the antenna body 4B. In the eccentric dielectric antenna 4, both the inclined high dielectric layer 4C and the antenna body 4B are made of a dielectric material having a relative dielectric constant of 1.5 to 3.5. In the eccentric dielectric antenna 4, the phase center is eccentric in opposite directions by the inclined high dielectric layer 4C and the antenna main body 4B. However, since the dielectric constant of the antenna main body 4B is low, the shift of the phase center in the antenna main body 4B is small, and the phase center of the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is shifted in the eccentric direction of the inclined high dielectric layer 4C.
[0018]
Further, although not shown, the eccentric dielectric antenna does not have an inclined surface at the tip, but as a plane perpendicular to the central axis, gradually changes the dielectric constant in a direction perpendicular to the central axis, and moves the phase center in the lateral direction. The structure can be shifted.
[0019]
The primary radiator 1 has a structure shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 and connects an eccentric dielectric antenna 4 to a waveguide 3. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 of the primary radiator 1 shown in these figures has a tapered portion 4b to be inserted into the opening at the tip of the waveguide 3. The tapered portion 4 b has a shape that matches the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 and the waveguide 3. The primary radiator 1 that matches the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 and the waveguide 3 with the tapered portion 4b can efficiently supply radio waves so that the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 does not reflect the waveguide 3. Further, the primary radiator 1 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 has a tapered surface 5 having a downward slope toward the center of the opening edge of the waveguide 3. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 has a surface in contact with the opening edge of the waveguide 3 along the tapered surface 5 of the waveguide 3, and a tapered portion 4 b for matching is provided inside the waveguide 3. ing. In the primary radiator 1, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is firmly fixed to the waveguide 3, so that radio waves can be prevented from leaking to the outside.
[0020]
The primary radiator 1 has the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 in a cylindrical shape and the waveguide 3 in a cylindrical shape. However, the antenna of the present invention has an eccentric dielectric antenna in a prismatic shape and a waveguide in a rectangular tube. It can also be in the form. The eccentric dielectric antenna is made of a dielectric such as plastic, but may be made of a dielectric other than plastic, for example, an inorganic dielectric.
[0021]
Since the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 shifts the phase center of the incoming radio wave in a direction intersecting the propagation direction, the positions of the primary radiators 1 arranged close to each other are different from those of the conventional antenna shown in FIG. For comparison, as shown in FIG. 12, they can be arranged apart from each other. This is because, as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 12, the radio wave focused at the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit 2 can be laterally shifted by the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 and fed to the waveguide 3. For example, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 shown in FIG. 5 shifts the phase center to the right, so that the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit 2 is located to the left from the central axis of the waveguide 3, and the radio wave focused at the focal point is Power can be supplied to the center of the waveguide 3. That is, in FIG. 5, the primary radiator 1 can be arranged shifted to the right. Accordingly, the antenna can place the primary radiators 1 apart from each other, as shown in FIGS. In a structure in which the primary radiators 1 are not arranged separately, the primary radiator 1 can be made thick.
[0022]
The antenna of the present invention does not limit the primary radiator 1 to a structure that connects the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 to the waveguide 3. In the primary radiator 1 shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is connected to a planar antenna 6 such as a patch antenna 6A or a spiral antenna 6B. The primary radiator 1 feeds a radio wave received by the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 to a planar antenna 6 such as a patch antenna 6A or a spiral antenna 6B. In the patch antenna 6A shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, a conductor layer is provided on the back surface of an insulating substrate 7 having an outer shape substantially equal to the outer shape of the eccentric dielectric antenna 4, and a rectangular patch conductor 8 is provided on the front surface. The spiral antenna 6B shown in FIG. 15 has a conductor layer on the back surface of an insulating substrate 7 having an outer shape substantially equal to the outer shape of the eccentric dielectric antenna 4, and a spiral conductor 9 on the front surface.
[0023]
In these primary radiators 1, the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is arranged on the surface side of the planar antenna 6 such that the distance G between the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 and the planar antenna 6 is 0 to λ / 4. . The primary radiator 1 of this structure connects a coaxial cable (not shown) to the planar antenna 6 and transmits a received radio wave to the receiver using the coaxial cable. In the coaxial cable, the core wire is connected to the patch conductor 8 and the spiral conductor 9, and the outer conductor is connected to the conductor layer on the back surface of the insulating substrate 7.
[0024]
As described above, the primary radiator 1 in which the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is arranged on the surface of the planar antenna 6 is similar to the primary radiator 1 in which the eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is connected to the waveguide 3. The eccentric dielectric antenna 4 is arranged at the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit 2, the radio wave focused at the focal point by the radio wave focusing unit 2 is received by the eccentric dielectric antenna 4, and the planar antenna 6 is fed from the eccentric dielectric antenna 4. .
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
The antenna having a plurality of primary radiators according to the present invention has a feature that the gain as an antenna can be improved while preventing the interference of the primary radiators arranged adjacently while making the whole compact. This is because the eccentric dielectric antenna of the primary radiator disposed at the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit shifts the phase center of the received radio wave in a direction intersecting the propagation direction. An eccentric dielectric antenna that shifts the phase center from the propagation direction widens the interval between the eccentric dielectric antenna of the adjacent primary radiator and effectively receives a radio wave focused at the focal point of the radio wave focusing unit.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a conventional Luneberg lens antenna. FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing a conventional parabolic antenna. FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a Luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a parabolic antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the principle of operation of the eccentric dielectric antenna of the antenna of the present invention for shifting the phase center. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a primary radiator of another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a primary radiator of still another embodiment of the present invention. 9 is a perspective view showing a primary radiator of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the primary radiator shown in FIG. 9; FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of a primary radiator of a conventional antenna; FIG. 12 is an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing an arrangement of a primary radiator. FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a primary radiator of another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a primary radiator of another embodiment of the present invention. 15 is a perspective view showing a primary radiator according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Primary radiator 2 ... Radio wave focusing part 3 ... Waveguide 4 ... Dielectric antenna 4a ... Inclined surface 4b ... Tapered part 4A ... High dielectric layer 4B ... Antenna body part 4C ... Low dielectric layer 5 ... Tapered surface 6 ... Planar antenna 6A ... Patch antenna 6B ... Spiral antenna 7 ... Insulating substrate 8 ... Patch conductor 9 ... Spiral conductor

Claims (9)

互いに異なる方向から入射する電波を複数の焦点に集合する電波集束部（２）と、この電波集束部（２）の複数の焦点に配置している複数の一次放射器（１）とを備えており、
各一次放射器（１）が誘電体アンテナ（４）を備え、この誘電体アンテナ（４）は受信する電波の位相中心を伝搬方向と交差する方向にずらせる偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）で、この偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）を電波集束部（２）の焦点に配置して、電波集束部（２）で焦点に集束される電波を受信するようにしてなる複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。A radio wave focusing unit (2) for collecting radio waves incident from different directions into a plurality of focal points, and a plurality of primary radiators (1) arranged at a plurality of focal points of the radio wave focusing unit (2) are provided. Yes,
Each primary radiator (1) includes a dielectric antenna (4), which is an eccentric dielectric antenna (4) that shifts the phase center of a received radio wave in a direction intersecting the propagation direction. An antenna having a plurality of primary radiators in which the eccentric dielectric antenna (4) is arranged at the focal point of the radio wave focusing section (2) so as to receive radio waves focused at the focal point by the radio wave focusing section (2). . 一次放射器（１）が、導波管（３）の先端に偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）を装荷しており、偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）で電波集束部（２）の焦点に集束された電波を導波管（３）に給電する請求項１に記載される複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。A primary radiator (1) is loaded with an eccentric dielectric antenna (4) at the tip of a waveguide (3), and is focused on a focal point of a radio wave focusing unit (2) by the eccentric dielectric antenna (4). An antenna having a plurality of primary radiators according to claim 1, for feeding radio waves to the waveguide (3). 偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）が先端面を傾斜面として位相中心を導波管（３）の中心軸からずらせている請求項１に記載される複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。The antenna having a plurality of primary radiators according to claim 1, wherein the eccentric dielectric antenna (4) has a phase center shifted from the center axis of the waveguide (3) with the tip end surface being an inclined surface. 偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）が、先端部に高誘電体層（４Ａ）を設けており、この高誘電体層（４Ａ）の先端面を傾斜面（４ａ）として誘電体アンテナ（４）の位相中心を導波管（３）の中心軸からずらせている請求項１に記載される複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。An eccentric dielectric antenna (4) is provided with a high dielectric layer (4A) at the tip, and the tip of the high dielectric layer (4A) is inclined (4a) so that the phase of the dielectric antenna (4) is 2. Antenna with a plurality of primary radiators according to claim 1, wherein the center is offset from the central axis of the waveguide (3). 偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）が、中心軸を導波管（３）の中心軸に対して折曲させる形状として、偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）の位相中心を導波管（３）の中心軸からずらせている請求項１に記載される複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。The eccentric dielectric antenna (4) has a shape in which the central axis is bent with respect to the central axis of the waveguide (3), and the phase center of the eccentric dielectric antenna (4) is adjusted to the central axis of the waveguide (3). An antenna having a plurality of primary radiators according to claim 1 that are deflected. 偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）の比誘電率が２〜３である請求項１に記載される複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。The antenna having a plurality of primary radiators according to claim 1, wherein the relative permittivity of the eccentric dielectric antenna (4) is 2-3. 偏心誘電体アンテナ（４）がプラスチックである請求項１に記載される複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。An antenna having a plurality of primary radiators according to claim 1, wherein the eccentric dielectric antenna (4) is plastic. 電波集束部（２）がルーネベルグレンズである請求項１に記載される複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。The antenna having a plurality of primary radiators according to claim 1, wherein the radio wave focusing section (2) is a Luneberg lens. 電波集束部（２）がパラボラアンテナの反射器である請求項１に記載される複数の一次放射器を有するアンテナ。An antenna having a plurality of primary radiators according to claim 1, wherein the radio wave focusing part (2) is a reflector of a parabolic antenna.
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