JP2004294615A - Map information system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To generate a simple three-dimensional house map with two-dimensional map data. <P>SOLUTION: A map information system, equipped with a storage means 10 which stores topographical map data 13 including road data and building data 14 including two-dimensional house shape data, an arithmetic means 20 having a means 21 of extracting an object part 12 to be displayed from the road data and house shape data and a means 23 of generating display data 24 on a house map including road figures and building figures based upon the extracted data 22, and a display means 30 which displays the house map on a screen, is provided with a 1st stereoscopy processing means (23) of generating three-dimensional building shape data by carrying out an operation of raising a two-dimensional shape that the house shape data represent as the base along the height direction when display data on a building figure are generated. Consequently, a three-dimensional building figure is artificially generated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a map information system (Geographic Information System), and more particularly, to a map information system for displaying a house map on a screen.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is known that map data is divided into a plurality of layers such as terrain, administrative boundaries, houses, buildings, rivers, roads, railways, etc., and that maps include a wide area map and a house map (for example, see Patent Document 1). 1).
A technique for smoothly scrolling by alternately drawing in both image areas is also known (for example, see Patent Document 2).
There is also known a map information display system in which a program using map data is subdivided and transmitted and received via a network (for example, see Patent Document 3).
[0003]
There is also known a map display system in which the lower layer of the map data is drawn while scrolling is continued, and the drawing of the upper layer is omitted to smoothly scroll the map data (for example, see Patent Document 4).
There is also known a distribution service that distributes map-related data to the Internet, and stores additional information unique to a user such as a customer name on the distribution provider side for reuse (for example, see Patent Document 5).
[0004]
By the way, when drawing a map using digitized map data, a wide-area map has contour line data in addition to topographic map data, so if these are used, a three-dimensional map can be drawn. On the other hand, in the house map, two-dimensional house shape data on houses and buildings are completely prepared, but since three-dimensional house shape data is hardly maintained, roads and roads are A two-dimensional map in which railroad tracks and houses and buildings are arranged was drawn.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-338344 (pages 6-8, FIGS. 3, 7, 14)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-11-338456 (page 1)
[Patent Document 3]
JP 11-339003 A (page 1)
[Patent Document 4]
JP 2000-181344 A (page 1)
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2001-216235 A (Page 2, FIG. 10)
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there is a strong demand and demand for a three-dimensional house map because a three-dimensional house map is more intuitive than a two-dimensional house map. Nevertheless, unlike two-dimensional house shape data that is prepared based on the vast amount of data accumulated in government agencies, three-dimensional house shape data must measure individual houses and buildings, or Unless such private data is provided, neither collection nor accumulation is possible, so it is not easy to maintain both quantitatively and qualitatively. Therefore, apart from special local areas where large amounts of money and time are required to acquire three-dimensional house shape data, it is not possible to draw and provide an accurate three-dimensional house map for any area. difficult.
[0007]
However, some applications do not require strict accuracy. For example, in the navigation field where it is easy to understand the route guidance to reach the destination, or in the amusement field where you can experience a virtual trip to a city you do not know, the display information is the same as the two-dimensional housing map. It suffices to emphasize that the display mode is three-dimensional and that it can be easily used.
Therefore, a new method capable of simple display is devised so that a three-dimensional house map can be simulated by using general-purpose products used for drawing a two-dimensional house map as map data and tools. This is a technical issue.
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and has as its object to realize a map information system that generates a three-dimensional simple house map from two-dimensional map data.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The configuration, operation and effect of the first to fifth solving means invented to solve such a problem will be described below.
[0009]
[First Solution]
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a map information system, comprising: a storage unit for storing topographic map data including road data and building data including two-dimensional house shape data, as described in claim 1 at the time of filing the application; Calculating means for extracting a display target portion from the road data and the house shape data and generating display data of a house map including a road figure and a building figure based on the extracted data; and a display for displaying the house map on a screen And a map information system comprising means for generating three-dimensional building shape data by performing an operation of extruding the two-dimensional shape indicated by the house shape data in the height direction as a bottom surface when generating the display data of the building graphic. Is provided.
Here, the “building” in the “building data” and the “building figure” corresponds to both the house and the building mentioned in the conventional column.
[0010]
In the map information system of the first solving means, a display target portion is extracted by the arithmetic means from the road data and the house shape data held in the storing means, and further based on the extracted data. Thus, display data of the house map is generated, and the display means displays the house map on the screen. The house map includes a road figure and a building figure. Conventionally, house figures are drawn in two dimensions because the house figure data is two-dimensional with respect to the building figures, that is, figures of houses and buildings. In the present invention, however, a first three-dimensional means is newly provided. By calculation, three-dimensional building shape data is generated at the time of generating the display data of the building graphic.
[0011]
Since the content of the operation is to extrude the two-dimensional shape indicated by the house shape data in the height direction with the bottom as the bottom surface, it can be executed if there is two-dimensional house shape data. Moreover, the resulting three-dimensional architectural figures, though not perfect, approximate at a fairly high rate, reminiscent of the appearance of existing houses and buildings.
This makes it possible to use a three-dimensional house map which is almost as easy as a two-dimensional house map and has a similar amount of information but is simulated but easier to see than a two-dimensional house map.
Therefore, according to the present invention, a map information system that generates a three-dimensional simplified house map from two-dimensional map data can be realized.
[0012]
[Second Solution]
The map information system of the second solution is the map information system of the first solution, wherein the building data corresponds to each of the house shape data. The building type data is included, and the standard value data of the three-dimensional building shape is set corresponding to the possible value of the building type data, and the house shape is used when generating the display data of the building figure. A second three-dimensional means for generating three-dimensional building shape data based on the data and the standard value data is provided.
[0013]
In addition, as described in claim 3 at the beginning of the application, the first three-dimensional unit and the second three-dimensional unit are arranged before and after the display position for each of the building figures, It is also selectively applied based on
Further, in addition to the above, as described in claim 4 at the time of filing the application, the building data includes building floor number data corresponding to each of the house shape data, and the first three-dimensional unit and the second The building floor number data is also used as a selection criterion with the two-dimensionalization means.
[0014]
In such a map information system of the second solution, the degree of approximation is not significantly impaired in three-dimensional rendering of individual houses and buildings by using standard value data in addition to house shape data. In this way, the amount of calculation can be reduced.
In addition, by selectively applying the first and second three-dimensional means having a reciprocal relationship between the degree of approximation and the amount of calculation, the three-dimensional drawing of the entire building to be displayed is prevented from deteriorating the denseness of the building figure While reducing the amount of calculation.
[0015]
Furthermore, when building floor number data is available, it is not limited to direct use such as reflecting it on the height of a house or building, but is also used as a selection criterion. Even when the second three-dimensionalization means is selected, the deterioration of the density of the building figure can be reduced.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a map information system that generates a three-dimensional simple house map from two-dimensional map data with a small amount of calculation.
[0016]
[Third Solution]
The map information system of the third solution means is the map information system of the first and second solution means as described in claim 5 at the beginning of the application, wherein the map information system includes the building graphic among the road graphics. Transparent display means for displaying the hidden part in a different manner from the non-hidden part is provided.
[0017]
In a two-dimensional house map, roads were not hidden by houses and buildings, but when buildings were made three-dimensional, roads were sometimes hidden by buildings. In this case, visibility may be impaired, for example, when searching for or confirming directions. On the other hand, in the map information system according to the third solving means, the part which is hidden by the architectural figure among the road figures is not drawn but is still drawn by the transparent display means. In addition, since it is displayed in a different mode from the non-hidden part, it is displayed so as to be visible even if it is hidden.
As a result, the visibility of the road that has been damaged by the three-dimensional drawing of the building is restored.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a map information system that generates a three-dimensional simple house map from two-dimensional map data that is easy to see not only buildings but also roads.
[0018]
[Fourth Solution]
The fourth aspect of the present invention is a map information system according to the first to third aspects, wherein the map information system cooperates by communicating through a telecommunication line. A server and a client, wherein the storage means is provided on the server side, a part of the arithmetic means for extracting data is provided on the server side, and a part of the arithmetic means for generating display data Is provided on one or both of the server and the client, and the display means is provided on the client side.
[0019]
In the map information system according to the fourth solution, if a distribution facility functioning as a server is installed, a client can use a communication infrastructure such as the Internet without investing a huge amount of equipment. It is possible to cause many terminals that function as a computer to draw a three-dimensional simple house map.
As a result, an easy-to-use three-dimensional simple house map distribution service can be provided to a wide range of users.
Therefore, according to the present invention, a map information system for generating a three-dimensional simple house map from two-dimensional map data can be used for a wide range of uses.
[0020]
[Fifth Solution]
The map information system according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the map information system according to the fourth aspect, wherein the non-two-dimensional data such as a wall color of the building graphic is provided. Means for inputting and transmitting to the server is provided on the client side, and means for including or adding to the corresponding building data when receiving the non-two-dimensional data is provided on the server side. That is.
[0021]
In the map information system of the fifth solution, the user who receives the distribution of the three-dimensional simple house map to the terminal is difficult to draw accurately because the two-dimensional house shape data lacks information. When the user wants to correct the color of the wall or the like, the user inputs such non-two-dimensional data into the terminal and instructs the terminal to transmit the data, and the data is stored in the server. Moreover, at that time, the non-two-dimensional data is not associated with the user or is not limited to the user, but is associated with the corresponding data in the building data. As a result, data added by a certain user is provided to many users.
[0022]
In addition, it is difficult to collect non-two-dimensional data such as wall color on the distribution service provider side, but if it is a person who uses a map distribution service locally and only information on buildings that can be seen locally, , Easy to get. Although the addition of non-two-dimensional data obtained from a single user in this way is only a small amount, by collecting data from many users via the Internet etc. and continuing to accumulate it, map data can be added. It is possible to transform from two-dimensional to three-dimensional by enriching and expanding.
Therefore, according to the present invention, a map information system that generates a three-dimensional simple house map from two-dimensional map data can be provided for widespread use while growing.
[0023]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Specific embodiments for implementing the map information system of the present invention achieved by such a solution will be described with reference to the following first to fifth embodiments.
The first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 embodies the first solution (the first claim 1), and the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 implements the second solution. (Initial Claims 2 to 4) are embodied. Further, the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3 embodies the third solution means (claim 5 initially). Further, the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 4 embodies the fourth and fifth solving means (initially claims 6 and 7), and the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. This is a modified example.
[0024]
[First embodiment]
A specific configuration of the first embodiment of the map information system of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1A is a system configuration diagram, FIG. 1B is a data structure diagram, and FIGS. 1C to 1E are screen display examples of a single building.
[0025]
The hardware employed in this example (see FIG. 1A) is a basic computer system having a stand-alone configuration, which includes a hard disk 10 as storage means, a computer main body 20 as arithmetic means, and a CRT (cathode ray). The display 30 includes a display 30 as a display unit having a screen such as a tube or a liquid crystal panel, and a mouse 31 as an operation input unit. Although illustration is omitted, a keyboard, a printer, a CD-drive, and the like are usually provided.
[0026]
The hard disk 10 stores digitized map data 11. The map data 11 is divided into multiple layers based on the data type so that desired items can be selected and displayed easily (for example, see Patent Document 1), or divided into blocks for easy reading (for example, see Patent Document 2). Are stored in a searchable manner. For example, it covers an area such as the whole of Japan or the whole area of Kanto in correspondence with the drawing service range, and when searching by the address such as the address code of the display target location, the display target portion 12 of the predetermined range including the address corresponding location is found. It is to be read.
[0027]
The map data 11 including the display target portion 12 (see FIG. 1B) includes at least topographic map data 13 and building data 14, of which at least road data is included in the topographic map data 13. In addition to the information, for example, railroad data to be displayed on the house map is also included. The road data defines the shape of the road edge for each type of national road or general road, and is stored in a so-called line data format in which the coordinate positions of each bending point of a folding line on a two-dimensional plane are listed. Such road data is stored in a searchable manner in various layers.
[0028]
The building data 14 of the map data 11 includes at least house shape data. The house shape data defines a two-dimensional polygon corresponding to an outer peripheral shape of a base of a house or a building, and is stored in a so-called polygon data format in which coordinate positions of each corner are arranged. The building data 14 includes, in addition to the house shape data, appropriate additional information such as an address code, an address name, and a building name. These data are grouped by a so-called linking method. There is one set for each building.
[0029]
A data extraction routine 21, a display data generation routine 23, and a screen display routine 25 are installed as programs in the computer main body 20, and areas of the extraction data 22 and the display data 24 are allocated to the data memory. The data extraction routine 21 selects a display target portion 12 from the map data 11 by a search or the like, reads it from the hard disk 10, extracts desired data including at least road data and house shape data, and extracts the extracted data. 22. Note that the map data 11 and the extracted data 22 handled by this are original data of polygon data and line data (the map data 11 in FIG. 1A and the display target portion 12 on the left side in FIG. Although it is illustrated by a picture so that it is easy to grasp, it is stored in the data structure of the topographic map data 13 and the building data 14 on the right side of FIG. .
[0030]
The display data generation routine 23 prepares display data 24 based on the extracted data 22. The display data 24 stores data obtained by converting a house map into a bit pattern, that is, drawing data of a picture pattern. The house map includes at least a road graphic and a building graphic to be displayed. Among them, the road figure is converted into a two-dimensional plane figure by a conventionally known method based on the road data, and then subjected to an operation such as a coordinate conversion using a simple linear expression or a somewhat complicated nonlinear expression. It is a perspective view. Such a ground surface such as a road is efficiently drawn by using a texture mapping technique of a color and a pattern predetermined according to an application purpose.
On the other hand, the architectural figure is once converted into a two-dimensional polygonal figure based on the house shape data by a conventionally known method (see FIG. 1C), and then the same conversion formula as the road figure is used. Although a calculation such as coordinate conversion is performed to obtain a perspective view (see FIG. 1 (d)), the processing is not limited to this, and a three-dimensional processing is further performed (see FIG. 1 (e)).
[0031]
More specifically (first three-dimensional unit), the polygon after the coordinate transformation is adopted as the bottom surface, and then the height is determined based on the polygon. For example, the height of the building is determined by adopting the longest side or diagonal line or multiplying the average value or area of each side by a predetermined coefficient. Then, a parallelogram is drawn with the lower side of each side of the bottom surface that comes to the front side of the screen and the upper side taken as a straight line that is moved upward by the height. These become the walls with the interior painted. Further, a plane of a peripheral polygon in which the bottom surface is moved upward by the height is drawn. This will be the roof. In addition, coloring is appropriately performed according to the application purpose. For example, in the case of navigation, vertical roads are colored red, horizontal roads are colored blue, and architectural walls and roofs are gray. In addition, in the case of amusement, it is interesting that the scenery changes each time it is visited, so that it is colored randomly using random numbers.
[0032]
The display data generation routine 23 performs such an operation of the first three-dimensional structure means, that is, performs an operation of extruding the two-dimensional shape indicated by the house shape data in the height direction with the bottom as the bottom surface, thereby performing the three-dimensional building. By generating the object shape data and overwriting it with a two-dimensional road figure on a perspective view, the display data 24 is adjusted to be drawable.
The screen display routine 25 performs processing such as transferring the display data 24 to a predetermined area of the video RAM at an appropriate timing, and displays the image of the display data 24, that is, the three-dimensional simple house map on the screen of the display 30. It has become.
[0033]
The usage and operation of the map information system of the first embodiment will be described.
[0034]
When the user designates an address or address to be displayed by operating the mouse 31 or designates scrolling, the next display target portion 12 is determined in the computer main body 20 which has input the designation information. The display target portion 12 is extracted from the map data 11 and stored in the extracted data 22. At this stage, the polygon data and the line data still remain. Then, for all the topographic map data 13 included in the display target portion 12, a perspective view of the ground surface such as a road figure is generated. At this time, the road graphic or the like is in a two-dimensional state, and is drawn straight into a bit pattern corresponding to the screen in the display data 24.
[0035]
Further, for all the building data 14 included in the display target portion 12, a perspective view of a house, a building, or the like is generated. Since these architectural figures are three-dimensionalized, they are converted into a bit pattern corresponding to a screen by projecting a three-dimensional shape, and overwritten on the display data 24. Then, the display data 24 is transferred to a video RAM or the like, and a three-dimensional simple house map is displayed on the display 30. If a mode that also displays names, etc., is selected in the display mode setting menu of the optional function, items that accompany the two-dimensional figure, such as road names, are overwritten on the non-hidden road figures. Items that are attached to the three-dimensional figure, such as the building name, are overwritten and added to the easy-to-see parts of the building figure, such as the front wall, that were created by three-dimensionalization. You.
[0036]
In this way, a pseudo three-dimensional simple house map is generated from the general-purpose two-dimensional map data 11 and displayed on the screen. When the user sees it and again specifies another address or specifies scrolling by operating the mouse 31 or the like, the above-described processing is repeated in the computer main body 20, and the new address / address is displayed on the display 30. Is displayed.
In this way, in this map information system, despite the fact that there is no actual data of the three-dimensional house map, three-dimensional simple house maps of desired addresses are successively generated as if they existed. It is drawn at high speed. For this reason, users of this map information system can easily enjoy a virtual experience as if they had visited the land simply by performing operations such as scrolling the screen along the road of an appropriately selected place. Can be.
[0037]
[Second embodiment]
A second embodiment of the map information system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 2A is a system configuration diagram, FIG. 2B is a data structure diagram, and FIGS. 2C and 2D are screen display examples of a building.
[0038]
This map information system is different from that of the first embodiment (see FIG. 2A) in that standard value data 15 is stored in the hard disk 10 in addition to the map data 11, The point is that the operation of the second stereoscopic means is added to the generation routine. In addition, (see FIG. 2B), each set of data in the building data 14 includes, in addition to the above-described house shape data, building type data and building floor number data relating to the building represented by the house shape data. I have.
[0039]
When a certain set of data of the building data 14 is the house data 14a, for example, data indicating "general building (individual)" or "general building (business establishment)" is set in the building type data. . Further, when a certain set of data of the building data 14 is the building data 14b, for example, data indicating “tall tower”, “ward office”, “school”, and the like are set as the building type data. Such various types of data are stored in the hard disk 10 in appropriate layers and in cooperation with house shape data and address data.
[0040]
In the standard value data 15, standard value data of a typical three-dimensional building shape is set for each building type, that is, corresponding to possible values of the building type data. For example, when the building type is “general building (individual)”, data defining a house in which a gable roof is combined with a cubic main body is set (see FIG. 2C), and the building type is “high”. In the case of a "tower", data defining a pyramid-shaped building that makes the image of a tower is set (see FIG. 2D). In addition, a typical height per floor is set for each building type.
[0041]
In the display data generation routine 23 (see FIG. 2A), the above-described subroutine of the first three-dimensional unit is left, and a new subroutine of the second three-dimensional unit is added. The calculation of the first three-dimensional unit and the calculation of the second three-dimensional unit are performed every time when a building figure is generated from the building data of the extracted data 22 and stored in the display data 24, each building figure is generated. Is selected and applied to figure generation. Specifically, when the display position of the target building is in front of the front row or the like, when the building type is a target, and when the number of floors is, for example, 5 or more, the calculation of the first three-dimensional unit is performed. Selected. At other times, i.e., when the display position of the target building graphic is behind another building graphic, when the value of the building type data is a general house, or when the building floor number data indicates a lower floor , The operation of the second three-dimensional means is selected.
[0042]
The content of the operation of the second three-dimensionalization means is to generate display data of a building figure using the standard value data 15 in addition to the house shape data of the target building data 14. At that time, use of the house shape data is refrained as much as possible. For example, it is used only for selecting a quadrilateral or a circle close to the polygon indicated by the house shape data. Then, the quadrilateral or the circle is set as the bottom of the building figure, and thereafter, from the standard value data 15, data on the building shape corresponding to the building type in the target building data 14 is obtained. By applying a deformation to match the bottom surfaces, typical three-dimensional building shape display data is generated. For example, in the case of a “general building (individual)” having two floors (see FIG. 2C), a perspective view of a square house having a gabled roof and a total of two floors is drawn. Typical windows and entrances are also added. When the building is a “tall tower” (see FIG. 2D), a perspective view of a tower-like building that rises sharply is drawn.
[0043]
Also in this case, the three-dimensional simple house map relating to the area designated by the user is displayed on the display 30 in the same manner as in the first embodiment described above. The objects and high-rise buildings are drawn relatively carefully by the extrusion operation in the height direction that is faithful to the house shape data, as in the first embodiment, whereas other buildings that are hidden behind them and are more likely to win Is simply drawn by a light load operation using the standard value data 15.
In this way, the drawing can be performed at a higher speed without significantly impairing the fineness of the architectural figure, so that the system can be used lightly.
[0044]
[Third embodiment]
A third embodiment of the map information system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 3A to 3D are display examples of a house map.
[0045]
The difference of this map information system from that of the second embodiment is that the function of the display data generation routine 23 is extended and some of the display states of the three-dimensional simple house map can be variably set or switched. The point is that the display mode can be selected. Specifically, a standard mode and a reduced mode are provided for the height of a building figure, a standard mode and a transparent mode are provided for displaying a road figure, and a bird's-eye view mode and a line-of-sight mode are provided for displaying both figures. Have been.
[0046]
In the bird's-eye view mode, as described above, both the road figure and the building figure are displayed in a perspective view projected in parallel from obliquely above. Is displayed. The height of the viewpoint can be changed.
In the building height standard mode, the height of the building figure is three-dimensionalized while the height of the building figure is the standard value / normal value as described above. Forced to be smaller than the standard / normal value. The reduction rate can be specified by a numerical value between “0” and “1”, and if not specified, it becomes “0.2”, for example.
[0047]
In the standard mode of road figure display, as described above, the building figure is overwritten on the road figure, so that the road behind the building is hidden and not displayed.
On the other hand, in the transmission mode, not only a road that is not shaded by a building is displayed, but also a road that is shadowed by a building. In addition, portions of the road graphic that are hidden by the architectural figure and those that are not hidden are displayed in different modes. Specifically, a road portion that is not hidden is clearly displayed with only the road figure as it is, whereas a hidden road part is displayed indistinctly with the building figure superimposed thereon.
[0048]
Therefore, when preparing the display data 24, the display data generation routine 23 finishes the preparation of the road figure and then the preparation of the building figure, and then makes a mode determination, and if it is the standard mode, ends the preparation. However, if the transmission mode is selected, the road figure is prepared again. However, in the re-preparation, unlike the first preparation, the overwriting of the road figure is intentionally made incomplete. For example, the shoulder line is changed from a solid line to a dashed line, or the road surface pattern is changed from a continuous surface to a dispersed and missing pattern such as a stripe pattern or hatching. As a result, the non-hidden road portion has no graphic change, and the hidden road portion is displayed by mixing the road figure and the building figure. In the transmission mode, whether to display only the broken line of the road shoulder, display only the scattered point of the road surface, or both of them can be selected by sub mode switching.
[0049]
In this case, for example, when the building height is set to the reduction mode, the other mode is set to the standard mode or the bird's-eye view mode, the address is specified, and the 3D simple house map of the target portion is displayed on the screen. A perspective view from above is displayed (see FIG. 3A). In this display, the two-dimensional road figure is displayed in a form corresponding to a perspective view, but the architectural figure is reduced in height and displayed. For this reason, the three-dimensional effect is sacrificed to some extent, but the confirmation of the route can be performed accurately and easily.
[0050]
If the height of the building is set to the standard mode after confirming the directions (see FIG. 3B), the height of the building is increased, and the three-dimensional appearance is enhanced. Instead, a part of the road is hidden behind buildings and cannot be seen.
Therefore, the display mode of the road figure is switched to the transparent mode (see FIG. 3C). Then, the hidden road portion also appears again, so that it is possible to accurately confirm the route again. Moreover, where the road reappears, the building is also superimposed and displayed, so that the stereoscopic effect is not impaired. Further, even if the display of the road in the superimposed display portion is not clear, it is possible to easily confirm the route based on the fact that the route is first in the first display and the continuity of the road.
[0051]
Then, when the bird's-eye view mode is switched to the eye-gaze mode (see FIG. 3D), the display is performed in a familiar manner, so that not only a three-dimensional effect but also a sense of reality is enhanced. Still, you can see the shadowy roads that you cannot actually see.
Therefore, it can be said that such a map information system is a very useful and convenient route guidance tool for those who are not good at remembering directions by looking at a map. Furthermore, the excitement obtained by the virtual experience is great.
[0052]
[Fourth embodiment]
A specific configuration of a fourth embodiment of the map information system of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 4A is a system configuration diagram, FIGS. 4B and 4C are display examples of a house map, and FIG. 4D is an explanatory diagram of a map data editing procedure.
[0053]
This map information system differs from that of the third embodiment in that a large number of users can use a drawing service of a three-dimensional simple house map by using a telecommunication line.
As the electric communication line, the Internet 50 is the easiest to use, but a WAN (Wide Area Network) (not shown) or a telephone line network can also be used.
With the Internet 50 interposed, the server and many clients cooperate by dynamically connecting and communicating.
[0054]
In this example (see FIG. 4A), the distribution server 41, the editing server 42, and the reception server 43, which are communicably and cooperatively connected to the server via the intranet 40 or a LAN (Local Area Network) not shown, are provided on the server side. Is installed. The client may be any information processing device that can be connected to the Internet 50 as a display terminal. For example, the client may be a personal computer 51 that is fixedly installed, a PDA 52 (portable information terminal) or a mobile phone 53 that is a mobile object, or a user. Once you have passed the registration verification, you can dynamically become a client.
[0055]
The hard disk (storage means) of the distribution server 41 stores and holds a master DB 44 (database) in which the map data 11 and the additional data added thereto are searchably stored. In addition to the installed data extraction routine 21 and display data generation routine 23, a distribution routine for subdividing and transmitting the screen display routine 25 to the client and transmitting the display data 24 is also installed. This distribution routine accesses a user list that defines the service contents and the like permitted for each registered user, and provides a screen display routine 25 to a client that is also permitted to download the display data generation routine 23. In addition, the display data generation routine 23 is also subdivided and transmitted, and the extracted data 22 is transmitted instead of the display data 24.
[0056]
The distribution server 41 further subdivides and transmits a program for uploading supplementary data from the client to the server to the client. When this upload program is executed on the client side, and when the user (user) inputs supplementary data to the client (terminal), whether the supplementary data is two-dimensional data such as the number of floors of a building, the wall color of a building figure, etc. Is transmitted to the server side. Downloading and execution of the upload program thus made is also permitted based on the registered contents of the user list. The technique of fragmented transmission used here, that is, the technique of fragmenting a program using map data and transmitting and receiving the same via a network may be embodied by a known method (for example, see Patent Document 3), or by another method. It may be embodied.
[0057]
An editing DB 46 (database) is held in the hard disk (storage means) of the reception server 43 that supports such uploading of the accompanying data, in which the received accompanying data is arranged in order and stored. In addition to the reception queue, the user list described above is also included. When receiving the supplementary data, the reception server 43 connects only the supplementary data relating to the permitted items based on the registered contents of the user list to the reception queue.
The editing server 42 creates a backup DB 45 by copying the master DB 44 to a working hard disk and then reflects each incidental data in the reception queue of the editing DB 46 on the backup DB 45 in order to improve data safety and processing efficiency. Then, after confirming that there is no abnormality, the contents of the backup DB 45 are copied to the master DB 44.
[0058]
In this case, for example, a registered user compares the visited local scenery with the three-dimensional simple house map displayed on the screen of the mobile phone 53, and determines the color of the wall of a certain building such as a visited house. Suppose that he is worried about the difference between the two and wants to eliminate that discomfort. At that time, the user operates the mobile phone 53 to move the cursor on the screen or the like to specify the building, and displays a list of incidental data that can be input by key operation or the like (FIG. 4 ( b)), and select the desired item wall color from the list. Then, when a color palette is displayed on the screen (see FIG. 4C), a desired color is selected with a cursor or the like, and further transmission is instructed.
[0059]
Then (see FIG. 4D), a communication message including the user ID for specifying the user, the address for specifying the building, and the wall color of the accompanying data is transmitted from the mobile phone 53 to the reception server 43. When the message is received by the reception server 43, it is determined whether the message can be updated based on the registered contents of the user list in the editing DB 46, and when the message is permitted, the message is linked to a reception queue of the editing DB 46. Then, when the editing server 42 is started, when the turn comes, it is read from the reception queue, and the corresponding item of the corresponding building data 14 of the map data 11 of the backup DB 45, that is, the item of the wall color, is included in the message. Wall color values are overwritten.
[0060]
Then, when the contents of the backup DB 45 are returned to the master DB 44, the update of the wall color is reflected on the distribution data. Thereafter, any user can display a three-dimensional simple house map of the corresponding area on the screen. For a building with an updated wall color, the wall is colored with a color that is similar to or similar to the actual thing.
In this way, if there are many users' requests and actions, data updates and data additions are accumulated on the server side, and in this map information system, the usage value grows as it is used. Increase.
[0061]
[Fifth embodiment]
As an example of a means of obtaining the user's active cooperation in the preparation of map data, points are given to the user according to the degree of contribution, and benefits such as usage fee discounts are given to the user according to the points earned and accumulated by the user. It is possible to adopt a management method such as giving The map information system of the present invention whose data structure diagram is shown in FIG. 5 supports such an operation, and is different from that of the fourth embodiment described above in that each set of the user list 47 The points of the acquisition points and the list start pointer storage items are added to the data, the list start pointer storage items are added to each set of data in the building data 14, and the accompanying data has a list structure. Is stored in the heap memory 48.
[0062]
Each list element in the heap memory 48 includes ancillary data such as a wall color and a roof, a user ID that uploaded the data, a flag indicating whether or not use of another user is permitted by “O” or “X”, Two pointer storage items are configured as one set. One of the pointers can trace a list of supplementary data uploaded by the same user, starting from any set of data in the user list 47. The other pointer can trace a list of incidental data related to the same building, starting from any set of data in the building data 14.
[0063]
In this case, when the supplementary data is uploaded, a list element including the supplementary data is additionally created in the heap memory 48, and a list of the user who uploaded the supplementary data, that is, the data of the corresponding set in the user list 47 is displayed. It is connected to where the pointer points. Also, if the upload does not allow the use of another user, the points gained by the user are slightly increased, for example, by “1”. The number of acquired points is increased by, for example, "3" points. The earned points are used for discounting usage fees, announcing rankings, expanding areas where maps can be used, and the like, so that users are motivated to contribute to the maintenance of map data.
[0064]
In addition, since the user ID is stored together with the accompanying data, when a plurality of users upload different values for the same item of the same building, for example, the wall color, all of them are stored in the heap memory 48. When generating a three-dimensional simple house map, the data value is adopted for the supplementary data whose user ID matches the user who is to display it, and the supplementary data of the same item having the same item but different values for the same building. It is not used. In addition, when there is ancillary data having the same item but different values for the same building, and there is no coincidence of user IDs, the average value is used for data having a property that can obtain an average value, and data that does not have the same value is used for the data. Adopted randomly.
Thus, with this map information system, the user who contributed to the map maintenance was able to enjoy as much satisfaction as possible while avoiding an excessive burden of checking the accuracy of the uploaded supplementary data. You can get it.
[0065]
[Other]
In each of the above-described embodiments, when converting a two-dimensional building figure into three dimensions, coordinate transformation for forming a perspective view precedes three-dimensional processing such as extrusion calculation, but the processing order is fixed. Therefore, coordinate conversion may be performed after three-dimensionalization.
In the above-described embodiment, the display target portion 12 and the region of the extracted data 22 are rectangular in order to make the description simple and easy to understand. In such a case, the original data of the area covering the visual field may be handled (see FIG. 6).
[0066]
Further, by incorporating a known scrolling method (for example, see Patent Documents 2 and 4), a three-dimensional simple house map can be smoothly scrolled. The screen may be automatically scrolled in conjunction with a positioning device such as a GPS.
Editing for reflecting incidental data is not limited to the batch method as described above, and may be performed in real time. The configuration of the servers is not limited to the above-described three-server distribution, and any configuration may be adopted as long as the required functions are performed.
[0067]
As the basic shape used for defining the shape in the standard value data 15, a prism, a truncated pyramid, a cylinder, a cone, a truncated cone, and the like may be used in addition to the above-described rectangular parallelepiped and pyramid. In addition to partial spheres, hemispheres and spheres are also good. In addition to the gable roof, the ridge roof is easy to use. A wall formed by extruding a polygonal bottom surface may be combined with a gable roof or a ridge roof of standard data.
The road data may include a highway, a tunnel, a sidewalk, and the like in addition to a national road and a general road. The coloring of the road figure may be changed based on the width of the road. For example, a wide wide road may be red and a thin road may be blue.
Topographic map data and ground surface data include road surface data, water surface data such as lakes, ponds, swamps, rivers, seas, pools, railway data such as JR lines, private railway lines, tunnels, pedestrian bridges, stone steps, Underground doorways, power lines, tunnels, parks, etc. may also be included.
In addition to topographic map data and building data, telephone poles, traffic lights, road signs, standing signs, street trees, and the like may be added to the map data.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
As is apparent from the above description, in the map information system according to the first solving means of the present invention, the three-dimensional building is extruded in the height direction by using the two-dimensional shape indicated by the house shape data as the bottom surface and extruding it in the height direction. Since the object figure is generated in a pseudo manner, there is an advantageous effect that a map information system for generating a three-dimensional simple house map from two-dimensional map data can be realized.
[0069]
Further, in the map information system according to the second solution of the present invention, the three-dimensional drawing of the building is performed by using other data in addition to the house shape data. There is an advantageous effect that a map information system that generates a three-dimensional simple house map from data with a small amount of calculation can be realized.
[0070]
Further, in the map information system according to the third solution of the present invention, the visibility of the road, which has been impaired by the three-dimensional drawing of the building, is restored by enabling the transparent display of the road. As a result, there is an advantageous effect that a map information system for generating a three-dimensional simple house map from two-dimensional map data that can easily see not only buildings but also roads can be realized.
[0071]
In the map information system according to the fourth solution of the present invention, the map information can be distributed using the Internet or the like, so that map information for generating a three-dimensional simple house map from two-dimensional map data can be obtained. There is an advantageous effect that the system can be used for a wide range of uses.
[0072]
Further, in the map information system according to the fifth solution of the present invention, the map data is made three-dimensional by cooperation of many users. There is an advantageous effect that the map information system for generating maps can be provided for widespread use while growing.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a system configuration diagram, FIG. 1B is a data structure diagram, and FIGS. 1C to 1E are screen display examples of buildings in a first embodiment of the map information system of the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B show a system configuration diagram, FIG. 2B shows a data structure diagram, and FIGS. 2C and 2D show examples of a screen display of a building in a second embodiment of the map information system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 (a) to (d) show examples of displaying a house map in the third embodiment of the map information system of the present invention.
FIG. 4A is a diagram showing a system configuration, FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C are display examples of a house map, and FIG. 4D is an explanatory diagram of a map data editing procedure in a fourth embodiment of the map information system of the present invention. It is.
FIG. 5 is a data structure diagram of a fifth embodiment of the map information system according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows regions of map data in a modification of the map information system of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... Hard disk (storage means)
11: map data, 12: display target part, 13: topographic map data,
14: Building data, 14a: House data, 14b: Building data,
15 ... Standard value data,
20 ... computer body (calculation means),
21 ... data extraction routine (first and second three-dimensionalization, selection, transparent display means)
22 ... extraction data, 23 ... display data generation routine,
24: display data, 25: screen display routine,
30 ... display (display means), 31 ... mouse (operation input means),
40 ... intranet (server side),
41 ... distribution server, 42 ... editing server, 43 ... reception server,
44: master DB, 45: backup DB, 46: editing DB,
47: user list, 48: heap memory,
50 ... Internet (telecommunication line),
51: personal computer, 52: PDA (personal digital assistant),
53… Mobile phone (client)

Claims (7)

Storage means for holding topographic map data including road data and building data including two-dimensional house shape data; a display target portion extracted from the road data and the house shape data; and a road based on the extracted data. In a map information system comprising: a calculation unit for generating display data of a house map including a figure and a building figure; and a display unit for displaying the house map on a screen, the house information may be generated when the display data of the building figure is generated. A first three-dimensional means for generating a three-dimensional building shape data by performing an operation of extruding the two-dimensional shape indicated by the shape data as a bottom surface in a height direction and providing three-dimensional building shape data; . The building data includes building type data corresponding to each of the house shape data, and standard value data of a three-dimensional building shape is set corresponding to possible values of the building type data. And a second three-dimensional means for generating three-dimensional building shape data based on the house shape data and the standard value data when generating the display data of the building graphic. Item 1. The map information system according to Item 1. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first three-dimensional unit and the second three-dimensional unit are selectively applied to each of the building figures based on a position before and after a display position and a value of the building type data. The described map information system. The building data includes building floor number data corresponding to each of the house shape data, and the building floor number data is also used as a selection criterion between the first three-dimensional unit and the second three-dimensional unit. 4. The map information system according to claim 3, wherein: The map according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a transparent display unit that displays a part of the road graphic hidden by the building graphic in a different form from a part that is not hidden. Information system. A server and a client that cooperate by communicating through a telecommunication line are provided; the storage unit is provided on the server side; a part of the arithmetic unit for extracting data is provided on the server side; 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the means for generating display data is provided in one or both of the server and the client, and the display means is provided on the client side. A map information system described in any of them. Means for inputting non-two-dimensional data such as the wall color of the building graphic and transmitting the data to the server is provided on the client side, and when the non-two-dimensional data is received, the building data is included in a corresponding one of the building data. 7. The map information system according to claim 6, wherein means for adding is provided on the server side.

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