JP2004258204A - Automatic music playing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an automatic music playing apparatus capable of playing a musical piece more accurately. <P>SOLUTION: This automatic music playing apparatus 2 is equipped with a sounding data gathering part 14 which gathers timing where one of a plurality of sounds constituting a musical piece is generated and a velocity indicating the intensity of generation of the one sound from a musical piece database 11, a delay time derivation part 15 which derives a delay time Δt<SB>d</SB>according to the velocity, and an output part 17 which outputs an electric signal indicating the one sound to a musical instrument 5 earlier than the timing by the delay time Δt<SB>d</SB>. The musical instrument 5 generates the one sound in response to the electric signal. This automatic music playing apparatus 2 makes the musical instrument 5 which varies in the delay time Δt<SB>d</SB>from the reception of the electric signal to the sound generation with the velocity generate the plurality of sounds constituting the musical piece respectively in accurate timing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an automatic performance device, and more particularly, to an automatic performance device used when playing a musical instrument that sounds in response to an electric signal.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art There is known an automatic performance system that automatically performs performance using an acoustic piano having a driving device. When the automatic performance system performs an ensemble using the acoustic piano and the electronic musical instrument, the pronunciation of the acoustic piano may be delayed, and the pronunciation of the acoustic piano and the pronunciation of the electronic musical instrument may not be synchronized. It is desired that the automatic musical ensemble performance between the electronic musical instrument and the acoustic piano synchronizes the sounding timing between the electronic musical instrument and the acoustic piano.
[0003]
The automatic performance system considers the delay in the pronunciation of the acoustic piano and uses the music data created so that the timing of the pronunciation of the electronic musical instrument and the acoustic piano is synchronized. Timing can be synchronized. Such music data is used only in an ensemble using the electronic musical instrument and the acoustic piano. For example, when the music data is used when two electronic musical sound generators are used, a difference in pronunciation occurs.
[0004]
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 62-229196 discloses a method of synchronizing (ensemble) performance by outputting performance data to be played on an acoustic piano as it is and outputting performance information to be reproduced by an electronic sound source with a delay of 500 ms in a delay buffer. An automatic performance system is disclosed. Such an automatic performance system can match the sounding timing of each musical instrument in an ensemble performance.
[0005]
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 10-116070 discloses a synchronized (ensemble) performance by outputting performance data to be sent to an acoustic piano earlier than performance information to be reproduced by an electronic sound source by 0.5 seconds (500 ms). I have. The music performance device can perform a synchronized performance without performance data dedicated to the external device.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-62-229196 [Patent Document 2]
JP 10-116070 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic performance device that plays music more accurately.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic performance device that plays a plurality of sounds constituting a music at accurate timings.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic performance device that more accurately synchronizes pronunciation and display of a musical instrument.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an automatic performance device that performs a plurality of musical instruments in more accurate synchronization.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide an automatic performance device that more accurately plays a musical piece using performance data created for general use.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Hereinafter, means for solving the problem will be described using the numbers and symbols used in [Embodiments of the invention] in parentheses. These numbers and symbols are added to clarify the correspondence between the description of [Claims] and the description of [Embodiments], and are described in [Claims]. It should not be used to interpret the technical scope of a given invention.
[0009]
An automatic performance device (2) according to the present invention collects, from a music database (11), a sounding timing at which one of a plurality of sounds constituting a music is sounded and a velocity indicating an intensity at which one sound is sounded. A sounding data collection unit (14), a delay time deriving unit (15) for deriving a sounding delay time (Δt ₃ ) based on velocity, and an electric signal indicating one sound to a musical instrument (5) for sounding delay from sounding timing. An output unit (17) for outputting the output earlier by the time (Δt ₃ ). The musical instrument (5) emits one sound in response to the electric signal.
[0010]
In a piano with a driving device for driving a keyboard, a sound generation delay time (Δt ₃ ) from when an electric signal is received to when a sound is generated changes with the velocity (keystroke strength). The automatic performance device (2) according to the present invention can, for example, when the musical instrument (5) is its piano, produce a plurality of sounds constituting a musical composition on the musical instrument (5) at accurate sounding timings. Can be played more accurately.
[0011]
The automatic performance device (2) according to the present invention further includes a function collection unit (13) for collecting the relationship between the velocity and the sound generation delay time (Δt ₃ ). The delay time deriving unit (15) derives a sound generation delay time (Δt ₃ ) based on the relationship. The relationship between the velocity and the sound generation delay time (Δt ₃ ) generally differs depending on the musical instrument (5). The automatic performance device (2) according to the present invention can change the relationship according to the musical instrument (5). The relationship is preferably a table that associates the velocity with the sound generation delay time (Δt ₃ ). The relationship is preferably a mathematical expression that associates velocity with the sound generation delay time (Δt ₃ ).
[0012]
The automatic performance device (2) according to the present invention further includes a timing display section (18) for outputting the display electric signal to the display device (3) earlier by a display delay time (Δt ₁ ) than the sounding timing. The display device (3) displays the sound generation timing in response to the display electric signal. The display delay time (Δt ₁ ) is substantially independent of velocity. The display delay time (Δt ₁ ) may be a constant 0. The automatic performance device (2) according to the present invention can play a musical instrument (5) in synchronism with sound generation and display.
[0013]
The automatic performance device (2) according to the present invention further includes another output unit (16). The pronunciation data collection unit (14) further outputs another sounding timing of another sound assigned to another instrument (4, 7) different from the instrument (5) of the plurality of sounds, and the intensity of the other sound. The other output section (16) collects another electric signal indicating another sound to another musical instrument (4, 7) for a predetermined time (Δt ₂ ) from another sounding timing. Output as soon as possible. Other instruments (4, 7) sound in response to other electrical signals. The predetermined time (Δt ₂ ) is substantially independent of velocity. The predetermined time (Δt ₂ ) may be a constant 0.
[0014]
In the electronic musical sound generating device, generally, a sound generation delay time (Δt ₂ ) from when an electric signal is received to when a sound is generated is independent with respect to velocity (strike strength). In general, a pipe organ provided with a drive device has a sound-delay time from receiving an electric signal to sounding, which is independent with respect to velocity. For example, when the other musical instrument (4, 7) is the electronic musical tone generating device or the pipe organ, the automatic performance device (2) according to the present invention converts a plurality of sounds constituting a musical piece to another at accurate sounding timing. A musical instrument (4, 7) can be pronounced, and another musical instrument (4, 7) can be played in synchronization with the musical instrument (5).
[0015]
The display device (3) displays a plurality of notes respectively indicating a plurality of sounds. At this time, the display device (3) displays the sounding timing by displaying one note representing one sound of the plurality of notes so as to be distinguishable from the other notes in response to the display electric signal. Is preferred.
[0016]
The display device (3) can display the sound generation timing by displaying a numerical value (number of measures, number of beats) indicating a temporal position at which one sound is arranged in the music in response to the display electric signal. preferable.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of an automatic performance device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The automatic performance device 2 is applied to an automatic performance system 1 as shown in FIG. The automatic performance system 1 further includes a display device 3, an electronic musical tone generator 4, a piano 5, and a pipe organ 7. The automatic performance device 2 is connected to the display device 3 and the electronic musical sound generation device 4 so that electric signals can be transmitted. The display device 3 displays information indicated by the electric signal in response to the electric signal input from the automatic performance device 2. The electronic musical tone generator 4 generates a sound indicated by the electric signal in response to the electric signal input from the automatic performance device 2.
[0018]
The piano 5 includes a driving device 6. The automatic performance device 2 is further connected so that an electric signal can be transmitted to the drive device 6. The piano 5 further includes a keyboard, a hammer, and strings (not shown). The driving device 6 includes a solenoid (electromagnet), and drives a key of the keyboard of the piano 5 indicated by the electric signal in response to an input electric signal. The keyboard is driven by the drive 6 or struck with the player's finger to mechanically transmit the movement to the hammer. The hammer strikes the string in response to movement of the keyboard. The strings vibrate and sound when struck. That is, in response to the input electric signal, the piano 5 emits a sound indicated by the electric signal. The piano 5 generally has a delay time from when a key is moved to when it is pronounced. The delay time varies with the strength of striking a key on the keyboard or the speed at which the key moves, that is, with the velocity (strike strength).
[0019]
The pipe organ 7 includes a driving device 8. The automatic performance device 2 is further connected so that an electric signal can be transmitted to the drive device 8. The pipe organ 7 further includes a keyboard and a pipe (not shown). The driving device 8 includes a solenoid, and drives a key indicated by the electric signal on the keyboard of the pipe organ 7 in response to the input electric signal. The keyboard is driven by the driving device 8 or struck by the player's finger to blow air into the pipe. The pipe vibrates and emits sound when air is blown into it. That is, the pipe organ 7 responds to the input electric signal and emits a sound indicated by the electric signal. Unlike the piano 5, the delay time of the pipe organ 7 from the time the key is moved to the time the sound is generated does not change with the velocity. The pipe organ 7 can be replaced by a lead organ in which the pipe is replaced by a lead.
[0020]
FIG. 2 shows music data representing music. The music data is a sequence (a set) of a plurality of pieces of sound data 20 each indicating a plurality of sounds constituting the music. One piece of tone generation data is composed of part data 21, timing data 22, note data 23, velocity data 24, and gate time data 25. The part data 21 indicates an instrument that produces the sound. The timing data 22 indicates the timing of generating the sound. The timing is represented by a time from an event (e.g., sound generation) executed immediately before the sound, or a time from the beginning of a bar to which the sound belongs. The time is represented by the number of clocks with 1 / 96th of a quarter note as one unit, and varies according to the tempo of the music being played. The note data 23 indicates the pitch of the sound. The velocity data 24 indicates the strength of sounding the sound with a musical instrument. The strength indicates the strength of striking the keyboard or the speed at which the key moves, that is, the velocity, when the instrument is a piano. The gate time data 25 indicates the length at which the sound is generated.
[0021]
The music data is in any format as long as the part data 21, the timing data 22, the note data 23, the velocity data 24, and the gate time data 25 corresponding to the sounds constituting the music are specified. Is also good. For example, the music data can be represented in a standard MIDI file (SMF) format.
[0022]
FIG. 3 shows the timing at which the display device 3 operates. Display device 3, the time t ₂ has elapsed delay time Delta] t ₁ from the automatic playing apparatus 2 from the time t ₁ in which the electrical signal is output, and displays the information indicated in the electrical signal. FIG. 3 further shows the timing at which the electronic musical sound generator 4 operates. Electronic musical tone generating apparatus 4, the time t ₄ when has elapsed since the automatic performance device 2 by the delay time from the time t ₃ when the electrical signal is output Delta] t _2, Could sound indicated in the electrical signal. FIG. 3 further shows the timing at which the piano 5 operates. Piano 5, at time t ₆ has elapsed by the delay time Delta] t ₃ from the automatic playing apparatus 2 from the time t ₅ the electrical signal is output, Could sound indicated in the electrical signal. Further, a time difference between the delay time Δt ₃ and the delay time Δt ₁ is defined as a delay time Δt _d .
[0023]
The delay time Δt ₁ and the delay time Δt ₂ are variables that are independent with respect to velocity or are constants. The delay time Δt ₃ is a function that simply decreases with respect to velocity, and is a function that is convex upward with respect to velocity or a function that is convex downward with respect to velocity. The pipe organ 7 emits a sound indicated by the electric signal when a certain delay time has elapsed from the time when the electric signal is output from the automatic performance device 2. The delay time is a variable that is independent with respect to velocity or is a constant.
[0024]
Generally, the delay time Δt ₁ is generally less than 1 ms. The delay time Δt ₂ is about 1 ms to 5 ms. The delay time Δt ₃ is approximately 200 ms to 600 ms. In other words, the delay time Δt ₁ and the delay time Δt ₂ are sufficiently smaller than the delay time Δt _3, and are short enough that a human cannot recognize it. Therefore, the delay time Δt ₁ and the delay time Δt ₂ can be approximated to zero.
[0025]
FIG. 4 shows the automatic performance device 2 in detail. The automatic performance apparatus 2 includes a music database 11, a delay time database 12, a function collection unit 13, a pronunciation data collection unit 14, a delay time derivation unit 15, an electronic sound source output unit 16, a piano output unit 17, and a timing display unit, which are computer programs. 18 is provided. The automatic performance device 2 further includes an input device (not shown). The automatic performance device 2 allows the user to collect operation contents on the input device. Examples of such an input device include an incrementer that rotates and outputs the amount of rotation, and a touch panel that is also used as the display device 3. The automatic performance device 2 can further collect information from a recording medium exemplified by a magnetic disk or a CD via the input device, or can collect information published on the Internet.
[0026]
The music database 11 records music data for playing music. That is, the music data is a set of a plurality of pieces of sound data 20 each indicating a plurality of sounds constituting the music. The music database 11 acquires and records the music data from the input device.
[0027]
The delay time database 12 records delay time data indicating a delay time from when the piano 5 receives an electric signal to when it generates a sound. The function collection unit 13 collects delay time data from the input device and records the data in the delay time database 12.
[0028]
The pronunciation data collection unit 14 collects the pronunciation data 20 from the music database 11 one by one. The delay time deriving unit 15 derives the delay time Δt ₃ based on the velocity indicated in the sound data 20 with reference to the delay time database 12. The electronic sound source output unit 16 outputs the electric signal indicating the sound data 20 to the electronic musical sound generator 4 earlier than the timing indicated by the sound data 20 by a delay time Δt ₁ . Alternatively, the electronic sound source output unit 16 outputs an electric signal indicating the sound generation data 20 to the electronic musical sound generation device 4 at a timing indicated by the sound generation data 20.
[0029]
Piano output unit 17 outputs the piano 5 at a timing earlier by the delay time Delta] t ₃ from the timing shown an electrical signal indicative of the sound data 20 to sound data 20. Further, the piano output unit 17 outputs an electric signal indicating the sounding data 20 to the pipe organ 7 at a timing earlier than the timing indicated by the sounding data 20 by a predetermined delay time. The delay time deriving unit 15 derives the delay time Δt _d based on the velocity indicated in the sound data 20, and the piano output unit 17 outputs the delay time Δt from the timing at which the electronic sound source output unit 16 outputs the electric signal. It can be output to the electronic musical tone generator 4 at a timing earlier by _d .
[0030]
Timing display unit 18, and outputs an electrical signal indicative of the sound data 20 in the delay time from the timing Delta] t ₂ as soon electronic musical tone generating apparatus 4 shown in sound data 20. Alternatively, the timing display unit 18 outputs an electric signal indicating the sounding data 20 to the electronic musical tone generator 4 at the timing indicated by the sounding data 20.
[0031]
FIG. 5 shows the delay time database 12. The delay time database 12 records delay time data in association with the musical instrument data 31. The musical instrument data 31 is information for identifying musical instruments from each other. That is, the delay time database 12 can record delay time data on a plurality of musical instruments. The delay time data indicates the delay time Δt _{3 of the} musical instrument indicated by the musical instrument data 31, and is represented by a table that associates the velocity 32 with the delay time 33. Note that the delay time data can be expressed by a mathematical algorithm (formula) for calculating the delay time Δt ₃ from the velocity 32.
[0032]
FIG. 6 shows a screen displayed on the display device 3 by the timing display unit 18. The screen 41 includes a tempo column 42, a bar number column 43, a beat number column 44, a clock number column 45, a song name column 46, a first part score column 47, a second part score column 48, and a third part score column 49. Have.
[0033]
In the tempo column 42, the tempo of the music played by the automatic performance system 1 is displayed. In the measure number column 43, a number indicating the measure of the music currently being played by the automatic performance system 1 is displayed. In the number of beats column 44, a number indicating the beat of the measure currently being played by the automatic performance system 1 is displayed. The clock number column 45 displays the clock number of the beat currently being played by the automatic performance system 1. The song title column 46 displays the title of the song played by the automatic performance system 1.
[0034]
In the first part score column 47, a part of the musical score of the first part of the music played by the automatic performance system 1 is displayed. The notes and colors are displayed differently. In the second part score column 48, a part of the score of the second part of the music played by the automatic performance system 1 is displayed. Is displayed in a different color from the note. The third part score column 49 displays a part of the music score of the third part of the music played by the automatic performance system 1, and the notes 51 indicating the sound currently being produced by the instrument of the third part are other notes 51. The notes and colors are displayed differently.
[0035]
The operation of the automatic performance system 1 includes an operation of recording music in the music database 11, an operation of recording delay time data in the delay database 12, and an operation of playing music. The operation of recording music in the music database 11 is performed by the user. The user inserts the recording medium on which the music data is recorded into the input device of the automatic performance device 2 and operates the input device to record the music data in the music database 11. Alternatively, the user operates the input device to record music data published on the Internet in the music database 11. The music data is data that faithfully describes the timing at which each sound constituting the music is produced, and is not data created in consideration of the delay time Δt ₃ for automatic performance by the piano 5.
[0036]
The operation of recording the delay time data in the delay time database 12 is executed by the user when the delay time data relating to the musical instrument connected to the automatic performance device 2 is not recorded in the delay time database 12. First, the user inserts a recording medium in which the delay time data unique to the piano 5 is recorded into the input device of the automatic performance device 2 and operates the input device to store the delay time data in the delay time database 12. Record. Alternatively, the user operates the input device to record the delay time data published on the Internet in the delay time database 12. The relationship between the velocity and the delay time Δt ₃ generally differs depending on the piano. For example, the relationship between an upright piano and a grand piano is different. The automatic performance device 2 can change the relationship according to the piano 5.
[0037]
The operation of playing the music is automatically executed by the automatic performance device 2 in response to a user operation, and outputs an electric signal to the display device 3 and outputs an electric signal to the electronic musical tone generating device 4. , An operation of outputting an electric signal to the piano 5 and an operation of outputting an electric signal to the pipe organ 7. The user further selects delay time data relating to the musical instrument connected to the automatic performance device 2 using the input device before performing the operation of playing the music.
[0038]
In the operation of outputting the electric signal to the display device 3, the automatic performance device 2 periodically outputs the electric signal indicating the timing (every beat) to the display device 3. The timing indicates the number of measures and the number of beats played by the electronic musical sound generator 4 and the piano 5, and the time from the beginning of the music. In response to the electric signal, the display device 3 displays the number of measures and the number of beats played by the electronic musical tone generating device 4 and the piano 5 and the time from the beginning of the music at substantially the same time.
[0039]
In the operation of outputting an electric signal to the electronic musical tone generating device 4, the automatic performance device 2 outputs an electric signal indicating a sound generated by the electronic musical sound generating device 4 to the electronic musical sound generating device 4 at a timing of generating the sound. . In response to the electric signal, the electronic musical sound generator 4 generates a sound indicated by the electric signal at the same time as the input of the electric signal.
[0040]
FIG. 7 shows an operation of outputting an electric signal to the piano 5. The automatic performance device 2 first derives a delay time Δt ₃ based on the velocity of the sound generated by the piano 5 (step S1). The automatic performance device 2 outputs an electric signal indicating the sound to the piano 5 earlier by the delay time Δt ₃ than the timing of generating the sound (step S2). Piano 5 in response to the electric signal, Could the sound is delayed by approximately the delay time Delta] t ₃ from the input of the electrical signal.
[0041]
At this time, the piano 5 can accurately generate two sounds that are temporally adjacent to each other and have different velocities at intervals indicated by the music data. As a result, the automatic performance system 1 can play the music more accurately using general-purpose performance data without using performance data dedicated to the piano 5. The automatic performance device 2 can further accurately synchronize the performance of the electronic musical sound generation device 4 with the performance of the piano 5. For example, when the electronic musical tone generating device 4 and the piano 5 simultaneously produce two sounds in a music piece, the automatic performance device 2 can simultaneously produce the two sounds.
[0042]
Further, the automatic performance device 2 can display the time signature on the display device 3 at the same time as the piano 5 emits the sound. At this time, the performer who ensemble using a musical instrument different from the automatic performance system 1 can synchronize more accurately while watching the display on the display device 3.
[0043]
In the operation of outputting the electric signal to the pipe organ 7, the automatic performance device 2 outputs the electric signal indicating the sound generated by the pipe organ 7 to the pipe organ 7 earlier by a predetermined delay time than the timing of generating the sound. . In response to the electric signal, the pipe organ 7 emits a sound indicated by the electric signal with a delay of the delay time when the electric signal is input.
[0044]
At this time, the pipe organ 7 can accurately sound at the timing indicated in the music data. As a result, the automatic performance device 2 can further synchronize the performances of the pipe organ 7 and the piano 5 more accurately. For example, when there are two sounds that the pipe organ 7 and the piano 5 sound simultaneously at the same time in the music, the automatic performance device 2 can sound the two sounds simultaneously.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
The automatic performance device according to the present invention can play music more accurately.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an automatic performance system.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating music data;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a delay time from when an electric signal is input to when each device operates.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an automatic performance device according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a delay time database;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a screen displayed on a display device.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of an operation of outputting an electric signal to a piano.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Automatic performance system 2: Automatic performance device 3: Display device 4: Electronic musical tone generator 5: Piano 6: Drive device 20: Sound generation data 21: Part data 22: Timing data 23: Note data 24: Velocity data 25: Gate Time data 11: music database 12: delay time database 13: function collection unit 14: pronunciation data collection unit 15: delay time derivation unit 16: electronic sound source output unit 17: piano output unit 18: timing display unit 31: musical instrument data 32: Velocity 33: Delay time 41: Screen 42: Tempo column 43: Bar number column 44: Beat count column 45: Clock count column 46: Song name column 47: First part score column 48: Second part score column 49: Third part Staff section 51: Note 52: Note 53: Note

Claims (8)

A pronunciation data collection unit that collects, from a music database, a sounding timing at which one of a plurality of sounds constituting the music is sounded and a velocity indicating an intensity at which the one sound is sounded;
A delay time deriving unit that derives a sound delay time based on the velocity,
An output unit that outputs the electric signal indicating the one sound to the musical instrument earlier than the sounding timing by the sounding delay time,
The automatic musical instrument, wherein the musical instrument produces the one sound in response to the electric signal. In claim 1,
A function collection unit that collects a relationship between the velocity and the sound generation delay time,
The automatic performance device, wherein the delay time deriving unit derives the sound generation delay time based on the relationship. In claim 2,
The automatic performance device is characterized in that the relationship is a table that associates the velocity with the sound generation delay time. In claim 2,
The automatic performance device is characterized in that the relationship is a mathematical expression that associates the velocity with the sound generation delay time. In any one of claims 1 to 4,
The display device further includes a timing display unit that outputs a display electric signal to the display device earlier than the sound generation timing by a display delay time,
The display device displays the sounding timing in response to the display electric signal,
The automatic performance device wherein the display delay time is substantially independent of the velocity. In claim 5,
Further comprising another output unit,
The pronunciation data collection unit further includes another sounding timing at which another sound assigned to another instrument different from the musical instrument of the plurality of sounds is pronounced, and another velocity indicating the intensity of the other sound. Collect,
The other output unit outputs another electric signal indicating the other sound to the other musical instrument a predetermined time earlier than the other sounding timing,
The other musical instrument sounds in response to the other electric signal,
The automatic performance device, wherein the predetermined time is substantially independent of the velocity. In claim 5,
The display device,
Displaying a plurality of notes respectively representing the plurality of sounds,
Displaying the sounding timing by displaying, in response to the display electric signal, one note indicating the one sound of the plurality of notes so as to be distinguishable from other notes. apparatus. In claim 5,
The display device,
In response to the display electrical signal,
An automatic performance device, wherein the sounding timing is displayed by displaying a numerical value indicating a temporal position at which the one sound is arranged in the music.

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