JP2004164055A - Microwave tag system - Google Patents

Microwave tag system Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004164055A
JP2004164055A JP2002326347A JP2002326347A JP2004164055A JP 2004164055 A JP2004164055 A JP 2004164055A JP 2002326347 A JP2002326347 A JP 2002326347A JP 2002326347 A JP2002326347 A JP 2002326347A JP 2004164055 A JP2004164055 A JP 2004164055A
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Prior art keywords
tag
interrogator
antenna
microwave
attached
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JP2002326347A
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JP3981322B2 (en
Inventor
Mamoru Yokota
護 横田
Kazunari Suzuki
一成 鈴木
Takuto Yoshida
卓斗 吉田
Atsushi Watanabe
淳 渡辺
Hitoshi Kamiya
仁 神谷
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Yokowo Co Ltd
Denso Wave Inc
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Yokowo Co Ltd
Denso Wave Inc
Yokowo Mfg Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07771Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card the record carrier comprising means for minimising adverse effects on the data communication capability of the record carrier, e.g. minimising Eddy currents induced in a proximate metal or otherwise electromagnetically interfering object

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a microwave tag system which makes a response at remarkably high speed and in which reception sensitivity is hardly degraded even if a tag is stuck to a metallic body. <P>SOLUTION: The system is provided with at least a microwave transmission/reception circuit, antennas, an information processor, and a memory. The antenna 21 of an interrogator 2 which is connected to an information input/output terminal machine 1 and transmits information from the information input/output terminal machine 1 and the antenna 31 of the tag 3 are arranged to face each other. When the tag 3 is stuck to the metallic body 4, it is stuck to the metallic body 4 so that a distance between an antenna face (strictly, a main plate 31c disposed at the rear side of the antenna element 31a via a dielectric 31b) of the tag 3 and the metallic body 4 is not less than 10mm across a spacer 5 formed of the dielectric. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、たとえば製品の製造段階での種々のデータを各製品ごとに記録して管理したり、物流の途中工程の状況を管理したりする場合などに用いるマイクロ波タグシステムに関する。さらに詳しくは、データの授受を高速(非常に短いパルス)で行う場合に、タグを金属板などに貼り付ける場合でも、受信電力が低下せず、質問器とタグとの距離が5m程度の遠距離で、確実に送受信することができるマイクロ波タグシステムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
たとえば自動車車体の組立ラインにおいて、各工程での作業内容の指示や検査結果を1台ごとに管理する場合に、たとえば図13に示されるように、主要な各工程の作業を行う場所に質問器2を設置し、組立品を載置する作業台6などにタグ3を貼り付けて、パーソナルコンピュータ(以下、パソコンという)1などにより質問器2に指示を与え、質問器2から質問器2内のアンテナを介してタグ3に情報を送り、必要な情報を各タグ3に記録し、各工程での作業履歴などを一括して管理する方法が用いられている。この情報の授受を高速で行い、各工程での作業効率を改善するため、情報伝達手段としてマイクロ波を用いたマイクロ波タグシステムが用いられている。従来のマイクロ波タグシステムは、主に2.45GHz帯のISMバンドが使用されており、50kbps以下の伝送レートで、たとえば図13に示されるように、2m程度の通信エリアを確保している。
【0003】
質問器から送信される電力は、特定小電力無線局移動体識別用無線設備標準規格(RCR STD−29)品であれば10mWに制限されており、それ以上に出力を上げることはできない。この規格品外にすれば、出力を上げることができるが、この規格品であれば無免許で設置することができるのに対し、この規格を外れると局内無線局の免許を取得する必要があることと、出力を余り大きくすると他のアンテナへの干渉が発生しやすくなること、という点から出力を大きくすることはベストな解決策にはならない。
【0004】
前述のように伝送速度の遅い通信状態で、タグの取付け状態によっては、質問器2とタグ3との距離が4m程度でも送受信することが可能であるが、取付け状態によっては、感度が低下し、2m程度が限度である。たとえば、前述の自動車ボディを乗せた非金属の作業台にタグを貼り付ける場合には、比較的安定した受信感度が得られるが、自動車のボディのような金属体に貼り付けると、質問器とタグとの距離により受信電力が図14に示されるように波を打ち、4dB程度の変動が生じ、極小状態での受信電力では前述の2m程度が限界となる。なお、図14中破線は金属板がないときの受信電力を示す。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
近年では、タクトタイムを極限まで短くし、作業効率の向上、きめ細かな情報伝達を達成するため、600kbps程度の高速アクセスが要求されると共に、5m程度の長距離でも送受信が可能なシステムが要求されてきている。しかし、高速アクセスにすると、CN比(キャリア/ノイズ)を大きくしないと正確に信号を受信することができず、また、タグの取付け状態によって感度が変動することを避け、常に一定な感度が得られることが必要となる。とくにタグを金属体表面に貼り付けると受信感度が距離により変動して極端に低下する場合(図14の極小点)があるという問題を解決する必要がある。
【0006】
本発明は、このような状況に鑑みてなされたもので、非常に高速で応答し、金属体にタグを貼り付けても、受信感度を殆ど低下させることのないマイクロ波タグシステムを提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、金属板にタグを貼り付けた場合に、質問器とタグとの距離により受信感度が周期的に変化し、極小点では2m程度の距離でしか受信することができないという問題を解決するため鋭意検討を重ねた結果、質問器から放射される送信波が、直接タグのアンテナに入射しようとする波と金属体により反射してタグのアンテナの前に戻ってきた波とが相互に干渉することにより、打消し合いや強め合うことにより生じていることを見出した。そして、タグのアンテナ面の位置を少なくとも10mm以上離すことにより、または、質問器のアンテナ面とタグのアンテナ面とを正対(真正面で向き合うこと)させないで、傾けた位置に配置することにより、相互干渉による受信感度の影響を減らすことができ、長距離での受信を安定して得ることができることを見出した。
【0008】
本発明によるマイクロ波タグシステムは、(1)情報入出力端末機と、(2)マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナおよび情報処理回路を少なくとも有し、前記情報入出力端末機に接続され、該情報入出力端末機からの情報を送信する質問器と、(3)マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナ、情報処理回路およびメモリを少なくとも有し、前記質問器からの情報が記録されると共に、被管理品に貼り付けられるタグとを有し、前記被管理品の履歴が前記タグに記録されるマイクロ波タグシステムであって、前記タグが金属体に貼り付けられる場合に、該タグのアンテナ面と金属体との距離が少なくとも10mm以上離れるように誘電体を介して金属体に貼り付けられている。
【0009】
ここに被管理品に貼り付けるとは、被管理品に直接貼り付ける場合のみならず、被管理品の台車や作業台など、被管理品と特定の関係にあり、被管理品を特定できる物体を含む意味である。
【0010】
この構成にすることにより、送信波と金属体により反射した反射波とがタグのアンテナ表面に到達しても、相互に干渉して打ち消し合う割合が小さく、極端な受信電力の減少という問題を引き起すことがない。その結果、非常に安定した受信感度を得ることができる。
【0011】
前記タグのアンテナ面と前記金属体との距離が、前記質問器との間で送受信されるマイクロ波のほぼ1/4波長±50%の距離になるように設定されることにより、反射波はほぼλ/2(180°)の位相がずれるため、反射波による符号の反転と相俟って強め合うことになり、より一層相互間の干渉を防ぐことができる。しかも、この関係は、金属体とアンテナ面との関係で決まるため、質問器のアンテナ面とタグのアンテナ面との距離に拘わらず、常に強め合うことになる。
【0012】
前記タグが貼り付けられる金属体の面と前記質問器のアンテナ面とが正対しないで、かつ、前記質問器からのマイクロ波の前記金属面による反射が前記タグ近傍で反射波による影響を生じさせないように、前記質問器のアンテナ面と前記金属体のタグ貼り付け面が傾いた位置に設定されてなることにより、反射波が送信波の方向に反射しないため、より干渉を防止することができて好ましい。
【0013】
本発明によるマイクロ波タグシステムの他の形態は、(1)情報入出力端末機と、(2)マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナおよび情報処理回路を少なくとも有し、前記情報入出力端末機に接続され、該情報入出力端末機からの情報を送信する質問器と、(3)マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナ、情報処理回路およびメモリを少なくとも有し、前記質問器からの情報が記録されると共に、被管理品に貼り付けられるタグとを有し、前記被管理品の履歴が前記タグに記録されるマイクロ波タグシステムであって、前記タグが金属体に貼り付けられる場合に、該タグが貼り付けられる金属体の面と前記質問器のアンテナ面とが正対しないで、かつ、前記質問器からのマイクロ波の前記金属面による反射が前記タグ近傍で反射波による影響を生じさせないように、前記質問器のアンテナ面と前記金属体のタグ貼り付け面が傾いた位置に設定されている。
【0014】
このような構成にしても、金属体による反射波は、タグを中心として左右で経路が異なるため、送信波との干渉を軽減することができる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
つぎに、図面を参照しながら本発明のマイクロ波タグシステムについて説明をする。本発明によるマイクロ波タグシステムは、図1(a)にその一実施形態の概略説明図が示されるように、マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナおよび情報処理回路を少なくとも有し、情報入出力端末機1に接続され、その情報入出力端末機1からの情報を送信する質問器2のアンテナ21とタグ3のアンテナ31とが対向するように設けられ、タグ3が金属体4に貼り付けられる場合に、タグ3のアンテナ面(厳密にはアンテナ素子31aの裏面側に誘電体31bを介して設けられる地板31c)と金属体4との距離dが少なくとも10mm以上離れるように誘電体からなるスペーサ5を介して金属体4に貼り付けられている。
【0016】
情報入出力端末機1は、たとえばパソコンなどの、質問器2との情報を授受する入出力機で、パソコンに限らず、携帯端末機などを用いることもできる。
【0017】
質問器2は、構成例の一例が図2にブロック図で示されるように、主として情報処理回路、送信回路、アンテナ21および受信回路からなり、送信回路にはマイクロ波を発生させるマイクロ波発振器と振幅変調(ASK)させてデジタル化するための変調器からなっている。変調されたマイクロ波は、サーキュレータCを介してアンテナ21よりタグ3に送信され、また、タグ3から送り返される情報を、サーキュレータを介して受信回路に送られ、受信回路では周波数変換器によりベースバンド信号に変換して、復調器により情報信号を取り出し、情報処理回路のデータ処理部で処理される構成になっている。この構成で、情報入出力端末機1から入力される情報をタグに伝達すると共に、必要な情報をタグに記録し、さらにタグからの情報を情報端末機1により読み出すことができるようになっている。なお、図示されていないが、入出力端末機やタグから送られてくる情報を記録したり、質問内容などをプログラム化したものを保存するメモリも設けられている。
【0018】
また、アンテナ21は、後述するタグ3のアンテナ31と同様に誘電体基板表面に形成された放射電極と裏面側に設けられる地板とからなる平板状のパッチアンテナなどが用いられる。
【0019】
タグ3は、質問器2との間で情報の授受を行うと共に、タグが貼り付けられた被管理物品に関する質問器2から送られる個別情報(たとえば自動車の車種、車体No、部品ロットNo、作業者名、検査結果のデータなど)や製造工程における履歴などが記録されるもので、図1(b)にその一例の配置図が示されるように、プリント基板32などの表面に銅箔などからなる放射電極31a、マイクロ波送受信回路33、情報処理回路(CPU)34およびメモリIC35などが設けられている。放射電極31aの裏面には、図1(a)に示されるように、誘電体基板31b(プリント基板32)を介して銅箔などからなる地板31cが設けられることにより、平板状のアンテナ31が構成されている。さらに地板31cの裏側には図示しないバッテリが設けられている。そして、送受信回路などの回路が形成された部分のプリント基板32の裏面には配線が設けられ、それぞれが接続されて樹脂で覆われている。
【0020】
このプリント基板32が図1(a)に示されるように、プラスティック製のケース36に収められ、プラスティックケース36の底面が被管理物品である所望の製品またはその付属物体に貼り付けられる。本発明では、このタグ3が、図1(a)に示されるように、誘電体からなるスペーサ5を介して金属体4に貼り付けられていることに特徴がある。なお、このスペーサ5は、後述するように、タグ3のアンテナ面と金属体4との距離dを一定間隔遠ざけるのが目的であり、タグ3のケース36の底面側を大きくして、ケース36の底面とアンテナ31との距離を、空間を介して大きくしておけば、スペーサ5がなくても直接タグ3を金属体4に貼り付けることができる。要は、タグ3のアンテナ面が誘電体を介して金属体4と離間しておればよい。
【0021】
前述のように、従来の図13に示される構成で、作業台などのタグ3が貼り付けられる物体6が金属体である場合に、質問器2とタグ3との距離により受信感度が周期的に変化し、極小点では2m程度の距離でしか受信することができないという問題を解決するため鋭意検討を重ねた結果、質問器2から放射される送信波が、直接タグ3のアンテナに入射しようとする波と金属体により反射してタグ3のアンテナの前に戻ってきた波とが相互に干渉することにより、打消し合いや強め合うことにより生じていることを見出した。
【0022】
すなわち、図6にタグが貼り付けられる金属板4近傍の説明図が示されるように、たとえば金属板4が質問器2のアンテナ面と平行な面とのなす角度をθとし、質問器2のアンテナからの送信波がほぼ平行に進むとし、質問器2のアンテナ面から垂直に進む直接波Cのタグ近傍のR点での干渉を検討する。質問器2のアンテナ面とR点との距離をL、直接波Cと平行な直接波Dが金属板4で反射する点PとR点との間の直接波Cと平行な方向の距離をτとし、P点とR点との直線距離をτとし、直接波Cと平行な直接波Eの金属板4で反射する点QとR点との間の直接波Cと平行な方向の距離をτ、Q点とR点との直線距離をτとする。また、PとQとの距離を2aとし、直接波Cはその中点に向う電波とし、R点と金属板4との直接波Cの方向に沿った間隔をdとする。
【0023】
R点における直接波CとP点で反射した反射波1との経路の差をΔLとすると、ΔL=τ+τ
ここで、τ=d+asinθ
τ=(acosθ+τ 1/2=(a+d+2dasinθ)1/2
経路差ΔLにより発生する到達する2つの波の位相差をφとすると、
φ=ΔL/λ×360° ここで、λは電波の波長
R点における直接波CとQ点で反射した反射波2との経路の差をΔLとすると、ΔL=τ+τ
ここで、τ=d−asinθ
τ=(acosθ+τ 1/2=(a+d−2dasinθ)1/2
経路差ΔLにより発生する到達する2つの波の位相差をφとすると、
φ=ΔL/λ×360°
ここでR点、すなわちタグのアンテナで受信する電波を直接波と反射波1、反射波2の合成であると考えると、合成波の振幅ベクトルTは式(1)で表せる。
【0024】
【数1】

Figure 2004164055
【0025】
ここで、ベクトルAは、直接波の振幅(1〜0の範囲)、ベクトルBは、反射波の振幅(−1〜0の範囲)を示す。
【0026】
ここで、タグ3は、前述の図13に示されるように、タグが貼り付けられる物体6(金属板)に対して波長と比較して充分に短い距離で取り付けられるとすると、質問器2に対して正対するような角度、すなわち、θ=0°を上記の式に挿入して計算すると、前述の図14に示されるような質問器との距離に対して、タグアンテナの受信電力が得られる。すなわち、従来の構造のマイクロ波タグシステムでは、金属板にタグを貼り付けると、図14に示されるような受信電力が質問器2との距離により変動することを避けることができない。なお、図14では、縦軸を受信電力として表しているが、前述の式(1)のベクトルTと同じものを指している。図14の波を打つ波形の極小点は、ほぼλ/2ごとに現れた。一方、図14に破線で示されるように、金属板がない場合には、質問器2との距離が遠ざかるにつれて若干低下するが、波を打つことなく、ほぼ一定の受信電力が得られ、金属板に貼り付ける場合には、その反射波と直接波との干渉により生じることが判明した。
【0027】
そして、図1に示されるように、タグ3と金属体4との間に発泡スチロールのような低誘電率のスペーサ5を介在させ、タグ3のアンテナ31面の位置を少なくとも金属体4から10mm以上離すことにより、相互干渉による受信感度の影響を減らすことができ、長距離での受信を安定して得ることができることを見出した。
【0028】
金属体4として、600mm×600mmの金属板を用い、このスペーサ5の厚さを種々変化させて、アンテナ31面と金属板4との間隔を変化させたときの受信電力の変化を調べた結果を、図3(a)および(b)に受信電力(dBm)と受信電力変動幅(dB)でそれぞれ示す。タグ3のアンテナ31面とケース36底面との間隔が5mm程度あるため、スペーサ5の厚さは図3に示される寸法から5mm程度差し引いた寸法になる。
【0029】
図3(a)から明らかなように、タグ3のアンテナ面と金属板4との間隔が15mm〜45mmの範囲で、非常に高感度の受信電力が得られ、少なくとも10mm以上離せば受信感度を向上させることができることを示している。また、図3(b)から、35mmのときに受信変動幅が最小になり、最も好ましい間隔であることが分る。この35mmは、使用するマイクロ波の周波数帯2.45GHzのλ/4(30.6mm)に近く、ほぼλ/4の距離にすることが望ましいことが分る。この最適値の距離は、金属板4の大きさを変化させると変動し、スペーサの誘電率やアンテナ裏面に電池が介在される場合など、周囲環境により異なり、λ/4の30.6mmとずれているのは、これら周囲の環境に基づいているものと考えられ、電気的にλ/4の近傍にするのが好ましいと考えられる。なお、近傍とは、前述の周囲環境に大きく依存するため、±50%程度、好ましくは±30%程度と考えられる。
【0030】
このように、ほぼλ/4の距離であれば、直接波の位相がどういう位相であれ(質問器とタグとの距離がいくつであれ)、直接波と反射波との位相がほぼ180°ずれることになり、反射波で向きが変っていることから、常にタグのアンテナ面で強め合って高い受信電力が得られるためと考えられる。
【0031】
また、図4(a)〜(c)に、金属板のない場合(a)と、金属板にタグを貼り付けた場合(b)と、図1に示される30mm厚のスペーサ5を挿入して(タグ3のアンテナ面との間隔は35mm程度)金属板4にタグ3を貼り付けた場合のビームパターンが示されている。図4から、従来構造のタグを金属板に貼り付けない状態では、ビームの中心が−20°の位置で、正面利得が1.97dBiあったものが、金属板に貼り付けるとビームの中心が+20°となりビームチルトが40°になると共に、正面利得は−0.24dBiに減少していた。これを本発明のスペーサ5を介して金属板4に貼り付けると、図4(c)に示されるように、ビームの中心が−20°程度と殆ど金属板のない状態と同じとなり、正面利得も1.54dBiとほぼ金属板のない状態に戻っていることが分る。
【0032】
タグ3のアンテナ面と金属板4との距離を35mmにしたとき(30mm厚のスペーサ5を挿入したとき)の質問器2とタグ3との距離を種々変更したときの受信電力の変化を測定した結果が、図5に示されている。図5から明らかなように、この場合でもほぼλ/2の周期で波を打ちながら距離が遠くなるにつれて受信電力が低下するが、この振幅は小さく、また、ほぼ極小のときの受信電力は金属板がないときの受信電力(破線で示す)とほぼ同程度で、どの距離でもほぼ金属板がない場合以上の受信電力が得られることが分る。
【0033】
前述のように、本発明者らがさらに鋭意検討を重ねた結果、図7に示されるように、質問器2のアンテナ面と金属板4に貼り付けられたタグ3のアンテナ面とを正対させないで、角度θだけ傾けて配置することによっても高い受信電力が得られることを見出した。以下に示す例では、質問器2の方向を一定としてタグ3を貼り付けた金属板4(大きさ600mm×600mm)の向きを傾けたが、質問器2のアンテナ面とタグ3のアンテナ面との相対的な傾きがあればよく、質問器2のアンテナ面を傾けても同様である。
【0034】
すなわち、質問器2のアンテナ面と平行な面に対して、金属板4の傾きが0、15°、30°のときの受信エリアを調べた図が図8〜10に示されている。なお、この図8〜10は、タグ3を、厚さ4mm程度の磁石で金属板4に貼り付けた状態で金属板4ごと傾けたもので、質問器2からタグに読出し命令を行い、その応答があるかどうかで受信できたか否かを検出したもので、x方向(質問器のアンテナ面の面内方向)およびy方向(質問器とタグの対向方向)を共に10mm間隔の点で、7500回づつ測定して、256パケット中の通信測定NGの頻度が0〜50回、51〜100回、101〜200回、201回以上に振り分け、NG頻度が0〜50回の点の範囲を囲んで測定エリア(斜線で示した部分)として示した図である。また、この測定においては、送信波の出力を落して測定しており、受信距離の絶対値を見るものではなく、角度を傾けたときの相対的な受信エリアを調べたものでy方向の距離(質問器とタグとの間隔)は実際より小さくしてある。
【0035】
図8〜10から明らかなように、傾きが0で質問器2と正対しているときは、受信し得る距離(質問器とタグとの距離)yが1750mmを越えるとyの位置により感知できたりできなかったりする(それより近い距離でも部分的にNG領域が発生する)が、15°傾けると図9に示されるように、yが1850mmまでは問題がなく、また、30°傾けた場合には、x方向によってはyが1900mm近傍で測定できない部分はあるものの、ほぼ2200mm程度でも問題がなく受信できる。すなわち、図11に示されるように、傾き角度θを大きくするほど受信エリアは広くなり、極小点の受信電力が大きくなることを示している。これは、傾けると送信電波のビームが傾くが、それ以上に金属板4による反射波により弱め合うという現象が小さくなるため、受信感度としては向上することを意味している。
【0036】
このように、質問器2のアンテナ面とタグ3のアンテナ面とを正対させないで、傾けることにより、受信エリアが広くなる理由は、金属体4による反射波が、タグ3の左右の経路長の違うものが干渉するため、タグ3の表面で直接波との干渉が起きにくくなるためと考えられる。
【0037】
なお、傾ける角度は、前述のように、少なくとも30°程度までは傾けるほど、受信エリアが広がるという効果があり、僅かでも傾ければその効果が生じる。最適な角度は、金属板の形状、大きさ、タグアンテナの特性により変化するが、傾ける角度が余り大きくなって、タグアンテナのビーム半値幅を超えると直接波自身の受信が弱まることにより、受信電力が低下する。したがって、傾ける角度は余り大きくしない方がよいが、前述のように、少なくとも30°程度まではできるだけ傾けた方が、受信エリアが広がり効果がある。なお、傾ける角度の最適値は、金属板の形状、大きさ、タグアンテナの特性などにより変化するため、一概には特定できない。
【0038】
また、この傾ける方向は、質問器2のアンテナ面に対して傾いていればよいが、製造工程などで隣接してマイクロ波タグシステムが稼動される場合には、隣接する質問器の方に反射波が向かって影響を与えないように、注意する必要がある。
【0039】
図12は、本発明の他の実施形態を示す図である。すなわち、前述のスペーサ5をタグ3と金属体4との間に挿入するのと、質問器2のアンテナ面とタグ3のアンテナ面とを正対させないで、傾けて配置する構造の両方を採用した構造である。このように両者を組み合せることにより、相乗的効果が得られる。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、マイクロ波タグシステムにおいて、タグを金属体に貼り付ける場合でも、その影響を殆ど受けない状態でシステムを稼動することができるので、たとえば自動車の製造工程で、各工程での管理を行う場合に、自動車ボディの屋根などに、タグを磁石などを用いて取り付けることができ、わざわざ金属以外のものにタグを取り付けなくても、非常に高速度の通信により管理することができる。しかも、受信感度が向上するため、たとえば前述の自動車ボディの屋根にタグを取り付ける場合、質問器を天井に取り付けても充分に送受信することができ、邪魔にならないで質問器などの配置をすることもできる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明によるマイクロ波タグシステムの概略説明図およびタグの一例の概略説明図である。
【図2】図1の質問器の概略構成を示すブロック図である。
【図3】図1に示される構成で、タグのアンテナ面と金属板との距離を変えたときの受信電力およびその変動幅の変化を示す図である。
【図4】図1に示される構成で、タグのアンテナ面と金属板との距離を35mmとしたときのビーム特性(c)を、金属板を設けない状態(a)と金属板に直接タグを貼り付けた状態(b)と比較して示したである。
【図5】図1に示される構成で、タグのアンテナ面と金属板との距離を35mmとしたときの質問器とタグとの距離を変えたときの受信電力の変化を示す図である。
【図6】金属板による反射波により干渉する影響を説明する図である。
【図7】本発明の他の実施形態を説明する構成説明図である。
【図8】タグを傾けた状態の受信エリアを比較するための金属板に直接タグを貼り付けて傾けないときの受信エリアを示す図である。
【図9】タグを15°傾けた状態の受信エリアを示す図である。
【図10】タグを30°傾けた状態の受信エリアを示す図である。
【図11】タグの傾き角度と受信感度との関係を示す概略図である。
【図12】本発明のさらに他の実施形態を示すタグシステムの構成図である。
【図13】従来のマイクロ波タグシステムの構成図である。
【図14】従来のタグシステムで、タグを直接金属板に貼り付けたときの質問器とタグとの距離に対する受信電力の関係を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 情報入出力端末機
2 質問器
3 タグ
4 金属体
5 スペーサ
21 アンテナ
31 アンテナ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a microwave tag system used, for example, for recording and managing various data in a product manufacturing stage for each product or managing the status of a process in the middle of distribution. More specifically, when data is exchanged at a high speed (very short pulse), even when the tag is attached to a metal plate or the like, the received power does not decrease and the distance between the interrogator and the tag is about 5 m. The present invention relates to a microwave tag system that can reliably transmit and receive data at a distance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, in the assembly line of an automobile body, when the instruction of the work content in each process and the inspection result are managed for each vehicle, for example, as shown in FIG. 2 and the tag 3 is attached to a work table 6 or the like on which the assembly is placed, and the personal computer (hereinafter referred to as a personal computer) 1 gives an instruction to the interrogator 2. A method is used in which information is transmitted to the tag 3 via an antenna of the type, necessary information is recorded in each tag 3, and work histories in each process are collectively managed. In order to transmit and receive information at high speed and to improve the work efficiency in each process, a microwave tag system using microwaves is used as information transmission means. The conventional microwave tag system mainly uses the 2.45 GHz band ISM band, and secures a communication area of about 2 m at a transmission rate of 50 kbps or less, for example, as shown in FIG.
[0003]
The power transmitted from the interrogator is limited to 10 mW if it is a radio equipment standard (RCR STD-29) product for identification of a specific low power radio station, and the output cannot be increased any more. If it is out of this standard product, the output can be increased, but if it is this standard product, it can be installed without a license, but if it deviates from this standard, it is necessary to obtain a license for the station radio station Increasing the output is not the best solution in that the output is too high and interference with other antennas is likely to occur.
[0004]
As described above, in the communication state where the transmission speed is low, it is possible to transmit and receive even if the distance between the interrogator 2 and the tag 3 is about 4 m depending on the attached state of the tag, but the sensitivity is reduced depending on the attached state. The limit is about 2 m. For example, if a tag is attached to a non-metal work table on which the above-described car body is mounted, relatively stable reception sensitivity can be obtained. However, if the tag is attached to a metal body such as a car body, the interrogator and the The received power oscillates as shown in FIG. 14 depending on the distance from the tag, and fluctuates by about 4 dB, and the above-mentioned about 2 m is the limit in the received power in the minimal state. Note that the broken line in FIG. 14 shows the received power when there is no metal plate.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, in order to minimize the tact time, improve work efficiency, and achieve detailed information transmission, a high-speed access of about 600 kbps is required, and a system capable of transmitting and receiving over a long distance of about 5 m is required. Is coming. However, if high-speed access is used, signals cannot be received accurately unless the CN ratio (carrier / noise) is increased, and sensitivity is not fluctuated depending on the attached state of the tag. Need to be done. In particular, when the tag is attached to the surface of the metal body, it is necessary to solve the problem that the reception sensitivity fluctuates depending on the distance and extremely decreases (the minimum point in FIG. 14).
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and provides a microwave tag system that responds at a very high speed and hardly lowers reception sensitivity even when a tag is attached to a metal body. With the goal.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have a problem that, when a tag is attached to a metal plate, the receiving sensitivity periodically changes depending on the distance between the interrogator and the tag, and a signal can be received only at a distance of about 2 m at the minimum point. As a result of intensive studies to solve the problem, the transmitted wave radiated from the interrogator is divided into the wave that is going to be directly incident on the tag antenna and the wave that is reflected by the metal body and returned before the tag antenna. They discovered that they interfered each other and caused each other by mutual interference. Then, by separating the position of the antenna surface of the tag by at least 10 mm or more, or by disposing the antenna surface of the interrogator and the antenna surface of the tag at an inclined position without facing them directly (facing directly), It has been found that the influence of reception sensitivity due to mutual interference can be reduced, and that reception over long distances can be stably obtained.
[0008]
A microwave tag system according to the present invention includes (1) an information input / output terminal, and (2) at least a microwave transmission / reception circuit, an antenna, and an information processing circuit. An interrogator for transmitting information from the output terminal; and (3) at least a microwave transmission / reception circuit, an antenna, an information processing circuit, and a memory. The information from the interrogator is recorded and attached to a managed product. A tag to be attached, and a microwave tag system in which the history of the managed article is recorded in the tag, wherein when the tag is attached to a metal body, the antenna surface of the tag and the metal body Are adhered to a metal body via a dielectric so that the distance of at least 10 mm or more.
[0009]
Affixing to the managed product here means not only attaching directly to the managed product, but also an object that has a specific relationship with the managed product and can identify the managed product, such as a trolley or workbench for the managed product. It is a meaning including.
[0010]
With this configuration, even if the transmission wave and the reflection wave reflected by the metal body reach the antenna surface of the tag, the ratio of mutual interference and cancellation is small, and the problem of an extreme decrease in reception power is caused. Never happen. As a result, very stable reception sensitivity can be obtained.
[0011]
By setting the distance between the antenna surface of the tag and the metal body to be a distance of approximately 1/4 wavelength ± 50% of the microwave transmitted and received between the interrogator, the reflected wave Since the phase is shifted by approximately λ / 2 (180 °), the phases are strengthened in combination with the reversal of the sign due to the reflected wave, and the mutual interference can be further prevented. In addition, since this relationship is determined by the relationship between the metal body and the antenna surface, the relationship is always strengthened regardless of the distance between the antenna surface of the interrogator and the antenna surface of the tag.
[0012]
The surface of the metal body to which the tag is attached and the antenna surface of the interrogator do not face each other, and the reflection of the microwave from the interrogator by the metal surface causes the influence of the reflected wave near the tag. In order not to allow the antenna surface of the interrogator and the tag attaching surface of the metal body to be set at inclined positions, the reflected wave does not reflect in the direction of the transmission wave, so that interference can be further prevented. It is possible and preferable.
[0013]
Another embodiment of the microwave tag system according to the present invention includes (1) an information input / output terminal, and (2) at least a microwave transmission / reception circuit, an antenna, and an information processing circuit, and is connected to the information input / output terminal. An interrogator for transmitting information from the information input / output terminal; and (3) at least a microwave transmission / reception circuit, an antenna, an information processing circuit, and a memory. A tag attached to a managed product, wherein the history of the managed product is recorded in the tag, wherein the tag is attached when the tag is attached to a metal body. The surface of the metal body to be measured and the antenna surface of the interrogator do not face each other, and the reflection of the microwave from the interrogator by the metal surface causes an influence by the reflected wave near the tag. In odd, it is set in the tag attachment surface is inclined position of the antenna surface and the metal body of the interrogator.
[0014]
Even with such a configuration, the reflected wave from the metal body has different paths on the left and right around the tag, so that interference with the transmitted wave can be reduced.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the microwave tag system of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The microwave tag system according to the present invention has at least a microwave transmitting / receiving circuit, an antenna and an information processing circuit as shown in FIG. Are provided so that the antenna 21 of the interrogator 2 for transmitting information from the information input / output terminal 1 and the antenna 31 of the tag 3 are opposed to each other. The spacer 5 made of a dielectric material is so arranged that the distance d between the antenna surface of the tag 3 (strictly speaking, a ground plane 31c provided on the back side of the antenna element 31a via the dielectric material 31b) and the metal body 4 is at least 10 mm or more. It is stuck on the metal body 4 through.
[0016]
The information input / output terminal 1 is an input / output device for exchanging information with the interrogator 2 such as a personal computer. The information input / output terminal 1 is not limited to a personal computer, but may be a portable terminal.
[0017]
The interrogator 2 mainly includes an information processing circuit, a transmission circuit, an antenna 21 and a reception circuit as shown in a block diagram in FIG. A modulator for amplitude modulation (ASK) for digitization. The modulated microwave is transmitted from the antenna 21 to the tag 3 via the circulator C, and the information transmitted from the tag 3 is transmitted to the receiving circuit via the circulator. The signal is converted into a signal, an information signal is extracted by a demodulator, and is processed by a data processing unit of the information processing circuit. With this configuration, information input from the information input / output terminal 1 is transmitted to the tag, necessary information is recorded on the tag, and information from the tag can be read by the information terminal 1. I have. Although not shown, a memory for recording information sent from an input / output terminal or a tag, and for storing a program of question contents and the like is also provided.
[0018]
As the antenna 21, a flat patch antenna composed of a radiation electrode formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate and a ground plate provided on the back side is used as in the case of the antenna 31 of the tag 3 described later.
[0019]
The tag 3 exchanges information with the interrogator 2, and also transmits individual information (for example, the type of the automobile, the body No., the part lot No., the work number) transmitted from the interrogator 2 regarding the article to be managed to which the tag is attached. 1) and the history of the manufacturing process are recorded. As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the layout of the printed circuit board 32 or the like is made of copper foil or the like. A radiation electrode 31a, a microwave transmission / reception circuit 33, an information processing circuit (CPU) 34, a memory IC 35, and the like are provided. As shown in FIG. 1A, a ground plate 31c made of copper foil or the like is provided on a back surface of the radiation electrode 31a via a dielectric substrate 31b (printed circuit board 32), so that the flat antenna 31 is formed. It is configured. Further, a battery (not shown) is provided on the back side of the main plate 31c. Then, wiring is provided on the back surface of the printed circuit board 32 where a circuit such as a transmission / reception circuit is formed, and each is connected and covered with resin.
[0020]
As shown in FIG. 1A, the printed circuit board 32 is housed in a plastic case 36, and the bottom surface of the plastic case 36 is attached to a desired product to be managed or its accessory. The present invention is characterized in that the tag 3 is attached to the metal body 4 via a spacer 5 made of a dielectric, as shown in FIG. The purpose of the spacer 5 is to increase the distance d between the antenna surface of the tag 3 and the metal body 4 by a predetermined distance, as will be described later. If the distance between the bottom of the antenna and the antenna 31 is increased through the space, the tag 3 can be directly attached to the metal body 4 without the spacer 5. The point is that the antenna surface of the tag 3 may be separated from the metal body 4 via the dielectric.
[0021]
As described above, in the conventional configuration shown in FIG. 13, when the object 6 such as a work table to which the tag 3 is attached is a metal body, the receiving sensitivity is periodically changed depending on the distance between the interrogator 2 and the tag 3. , And as a result of intensive studies to solve the problem that the signal can be received only at a distance of about 2 m at the minimum point, the transmission wave radiated from the interrogator 2 will directly enter the antenna of the tag 3 It has been found that the wave reflected by the metal body and the wave returned before the antenna of the tag 3 interfere with each other, thereby canceling out and strengthening each other.
[0022]
That is, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, the angle formed between the metal plate 4 and a plane parallel to the antenna surface of the interrogator 2 is θ, and the interrogator 2 Assuming that the transmission wave from the antenna travels substantially in parallel, the interference of the direct wave C traveling perpendicularly from the antenna surface of the interrogator 2 at the point R near the tag is examined. The distance between the antenna surface of the interrogator 2 and the point R is L, and the distance in the direction parallel to the direct wave C between the point P and the point R where the direct wave D parallel to the direct wave C is reflected by the metal plate 4 is τ1And the linear distance between point P and point R is τ2Τ is the distance in the direction parallel to the direct wave C between the point Q and the point R where the direct wave E parallel to the direct wave C is reflected by the metal plate 4.3, The linear distance between the Q point and the R point is τ4And The distance between P and Q is 2a, the direct wave C is a radio wave directed to the midpoint, and the distance between point R and the metal plate 4 along the direction of the direct wave C is d.
[0023]
The difference in path between the direct wave C at point R and the reflected wave 1 reflected at point P is ΔL1Then, ΔL1= Τ1+ Τ2
Where τ1= D + asinθ
τ2= (A2cos2θ + τ1 2)1/2= (A2+ D2+2 dasin θ)1/2
Path difference ΔL1Is the phase difference between the two arriving waves generated by1Then
φ1= ΔL1/ Λ × 360 ° where λ is the wavelength of the radio wave
The difference in path between the direct wave C at point R and the reflected wave 2 reflected at point Q is ΔL2Then, ΔL2= Τ3+ Τ4
Where τ3= D-asin θ
τ4= (A2cos2θ + τ3 2)1/2= (A2+ D2-2 dasin θ)1/2
Path difference ΔL2Is the phase difference between the two arriving waves generated by2Then
φ2= ΔL2/ Λ × 360 °
Here, assuming that the radio wave received by the point R, that is, the radio wave received by the tag antenna is a combination of the direct wave, the reflected wave 1 and the reflected wave 2, the amplitude vector T of the synthesized wave can be expressed by Expression (1).
[0024]
(Equation 1)
Figure 2004164055
[0025]
Here, vector A indicates the amplitude of the direct wave (range of 1 to 0), and vector B indicates the amplitude of the reflected wave (range of -1 to 0).
[0026]
Here, assuming that the tag 3 is attached to the object 6 (metal plate) to which the tag is to be attached at a sufficiently short distance compared to the wavelength, as shown in FIG. When an angle that is directly opposed to the interrogator, that is, θ = 0 °, is inserted into the above equation and calculated, the received power of the tag antenna is obtained with respect to the distance to the interrogator as shown in FIG. Can be That is, in the microwave tag system having the conventional structure, if the tag is attached to the metal plate, it is impossible to avoid that the reception power as shown in FIG. In FIG. 14, the vertical axis represents the received power, but indicates the same as the vector T in the above-described equation (1). The minimum point of the waving waveform in FIG. 14 appears approximately every λ / 2. On the other hand, as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 14, when there is no metal plate, although it decreases slightly as the distance to the interrogator 2 increases, almost constant reception power is obtained without hitting the wave, It has been found that when affixed to a plate, it is caused by interference between the reflected wave and the direct wave.
[0027]
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, a low dielectric constant spacer 5 such as styrene foam is interposed between the tag 3 and the metal body 4, and the position of the antenna 31 surface of the tag 3 is at least 10 mm from the metal body 4. It has been found that the separation can reduce the influence of the reception sensitivity due to the mutual interference, and that stable reception over long distances can be obtained.
[0028]
As a result of using a metal plate of 600 mm × 600 mm as the metal body 4 and changing the thickness of the spacer 5 to change the reception power when the space between the antenna 31 surface and the metal plate 4 is changed. 3A and 3B show the received power (dBm) and the received power fluctuation width (dB), respectively. Since the distance between the antenna 31 surface of the tag 3 and the bottom surface of the case 36 is about 5 mm, the thickness of the spacer 5 is a dimension obtained by subtracting about 5 mm from the dimension shown in FIG.
[0029]
As is clear from FIG. 3 (a), when the distance between the antenna surface of the tag 3 and the metal plate 4 is in the range of 15 mm to 45 mm, a very high-sensitivity receiving power can be obtained. It can be improved. Further, from FIG. 3B, it can be seen that the reception fluctuation width is the smallest at 35 mm, which is the most preferable interval. This 35 mm is close to λ / 4 (30.6 mm) in the microwave frequency band 2.45 GHz to be used, and it is understood that it is desirable to set the distance to approximately λ / 4. The distance of this optimum value varies when the size of the metal plate 4 is changed, and varies depending on the surrounding environment such as the dielectric constant of the spacer and the case where a battery is interposed on the back surface of the antenna, and is shifted from λ / 4 to 30.6 mm. Is considered to be based on these surrounding environments, and it is considered that it is preferable to electrically set the vicinity of λ / 4. Note that the vicinity is considered to be about ± 50%, and preferably about ± 30%, because it largely depends on the surrounding environment described above.
[0030]
Thus, if the distance is approximately λ / 4, the phase of the direct wave and the phase of the reflected wave are shifted by approximately 180 ° regardless of the phase of the direct wave (whatever the distance between the interrogator and the tag). That is, it is considered that since the direction is changed by the reflected wave, a high reception power is always obtained by strengthening the antenna surface of the tag.
[0031]
Also, in FIGS. 4A to 4C, the case where there is no metal plate (a), the case where a tag is attached to the metal plate (b), and the case where the 30 mm thick spacer 5 shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a beam pattern when the tag 3 is attached to the metal plate 4 (the distance from the antenna surface of the tag 3 is about 35 mm). As shown in FIG. 4, when the tag having the conventional structure is not attached to the metal plate, the beam center is at −20 ° and the front gain is 1.97 dBi. As the beam tilt became + 20 ° and the beam tilt became 40 °, the frontal gain was reduced to −0.24 dBi. When this is affixed to the metal plate 4 via the spacer 5 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4C, the center of the beam is about -20 °, which is the same as the state without the metal plate, and the front gain Also, it can be seen that 1.54 dBi is almost returned to the state without the metal plate.
[0032]
When the distance between the antenna surface of the tag 3 and the metal plate 4 is 35 mm (when the spacer 5 having a thickness of 30 mm is inserted), the change in the received power when the distance between the interrogator 2 and the tag 3 is variously changed is measured. The results obtained are shown in FIG. As is clear from FIG. 5, in this case as well, the received power decreases as the distance increases while hitting a wave with a period of approximately λ / 2. It can be seen that the received power is almost the same as the received power when there is no plate (shown by a broken line), and that the received power is almost equal to the case where there is no metal plate at any distance.
[0033]
As described above, as a result of further diligent studies by the present inventors, as shown in FIG. 7, the antenna surface of the interrogator 2 and the antenna surface of the tag 3 attached to the metal plate 4 face each other, as shown in FIG. It has been found that high reception power can be obtained by arranging the antennas at an angle θ without performing the above operation. In the example shown below, the direction of the interrogator 2 is fixed and the direction of the metal plate 4 (size: 600 mm × 600 mm) to which the tag 3 is attached is inclined, but the antenna surface of the interrogator 2 and the antenna surface of the tag 3 It is sufficient if there is a relative inclination, and the same is true even if the antenna surface of the interrogator 2 is inclined.
[0034]
That is, FIGS. 8 to 10 are diagrams illustrating reception areas when the inclination of the metal plate 4 is 0, 15 °, and 30 ° with respect to a plane parallel to the antenna surface of the interrogator 2. 8 to 10 show that the tag 3 is attached to the metal plate 4 with a magnet having a thickness of about 4 mm and is tilted together with the metal plate 4, and a reading command is issued from the interrogator 2 to the tag. It is detected whether or not there is a response, and whether or not the signal has been received is detected. Both the x direction (in-plane direction of the antenna surface of the interrogator) and the y direction (the opposing direction of the interrogator and the tag) are spaced at 10 mm intervals. The frequency of communication measurement NG in 256 packets is distributed to 0 to 50, 51 to 100, 101 to 200, and 201 times or more, and the range of NG frequency is 0 to 50 times. It is the figure shown as the measurement area (portion shown with oblique lines) surrounding. Also, in this measurement, the output of the transmission wave was dropped, and the measurement was performed. The absolute value of the reception distance was not observed, but the relative reception area when the angle was inclined was examined. (The distance between the interrogator and the tag) is made smaller than it actually is.
[0035]
As is clear from FIGS. 8 to 10, when the inclination is 0 and it is directly facing the interrogator 2, if the receivable distance (distance between the interrogator and the tag) y exceeds 1750 mm, it can be detected by the position of y. (Or an NG area partially occurs even at a distance shorter than that), but as shown in FIG. 9 when tilted by 15 °, there is no problem up to y of 1850 mm, and when tilted by 30 ° Although there is a portion where y cannot be measured in the vicinity of 1900 mm depending on the x direction, there is no problem even if the y is about 2200 mm. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the larger the tilt angle θ, the larger the receiving area becomes, and the higher the received power at the minimum point becomes. This means that, when tilted, the beam of the transmission radio wave is tilted, but the phenomenon that the beam is weakened by the reflected wave from the metal plate 4 is further reduced, so that the receiving sensitivity is improved.
[0036]
As described above, the reception area is widened by tilting the antenna surface of the interrogator 2 and the antenna surface of the tag 3 without directly facing each other because the reflected wave by the metal body 4 is caused by the length of the right and left paths of the tag 3. It is conceivable that interference with direct waves is unlikely to occur on the surface of the tag 3 because different ones interfere with each other.
[0037]
Note that, as described above, the tilting angle is at least up to about 30 °, so that there is an effect that the reception area is widened. The optimum angle varies depending on the shape and size of the metal plate, and the characteristics of the tag antenna.However, if the angle of inclination becomes too large and exceeds the half-width of the tag antenna beam, the reception of the direct wave itself will be weakened. The power drops. Therefore, it is better not to make the angle of inclination too large. However, as described above, it is more effective to incline at least up to about 30 ° to increase the reception area. Note that the optimum value of the tilt angle varies depending on the shape and size of the metal plate, the characteristics of the tag antenna, and the like, and thus cannot be specified unconditionally.
[0038]
The tilting direction may be inclined with respect to the antenna surface of the interrogator 2. However, when the microwave tag system is operated adjacently in a manufacturing process or the like, it is reflected toward the adjacent interrogator. Care must be taken to ensure that the waves do not affect the wave.
[0039]
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. That is, both the structure in which the spacer 5 is inserted between the tag 3 and the metal body 4 and the structure in which the antenna surface of the interrogator 2 and the antenna surface of the tag 3 are arranged in an inclined manner without facing each other are employed. It is the structure which did. By combining the two in this way, a synergistic effect can be obtained.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in a microwave tag system, even when a tag is attached to a metal body, the system can be operated in a state hardly affected by the tag. When performing management, tags can be attached to the roof of the car body using magnets, etc., and management can be performed by very high speed communication without attaching tags to anything other than metal. . In addition, since the reception sensitivity is improved, for example, when attaching the tag to the roof of the above-mentioned car body, it is possible to transmit and receive enough even if the interrogator is mounted on the ceiling, and arrange the interrogator etc. without disturbing You can also.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a microwave tag system according to the present invention and a schematic explanatory diagram of an example of a tag.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the interrogator of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in received power and a variation width thereof when the distance between the antenna surface of the tag and the metal plate is changed in the configuration shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows the beam characteristics (c) when the distance between the antenna surface of the tag and the metal plate is set to 35 mm in the configuration shown in FIG. Is shown in comparison with the state (b) in which is attached.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a change in received power when the distance between the interrogator and the tag is changed when the distance between the antenna surface of the tag and the metal plate is 35 mm in the configuration shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an influence of interference by a reflected wave from a metal plate.
FIG. 7 is a configuration explanatory diagram illustrating another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a reception area when a tag is directly attached to a metal plate for comparison with a reception area in a state where the tag is tilted and the tag is not tilted;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a reception area in a state where the tag is tilted by 15 °.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a reception area in a state where the tag is inclined by 30 °.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a tilt angle of a tag and reception sensitivity.
FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a tag system showing still another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of a conventional microwave tag system.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the relationship between the distance between an interrogator and a tag when the tag is directly attached to a metal plate in a conventional tag system, and the received power.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Information input / output terminal
2 Interrogator
3 tags
4 Metal body
5 Spacer
21 Antenna
31 antenna

Claims (4)

(1)情報入出力端末機と、
(2)マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナおよび情報処理回路を少なくとも有し、前記情報入出力端末機に接続され、該情報入出力端末機からの情報を送信する質問器と、
(3)マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナ、情報処理回路およびメモリを少なくとも有し、前記質問器からの情報が記録されると共に、被管理品に貼り付けられるタグ
とを有し、前記被管理品の履歴が前記タグに記録されるマイクロ波タグシステムであって、前記タグが金属体に貼り付けられる場合に、該タグのアンテナ面と金属体との距離が少なくとも10mm以上離れるように誘電体を介して金属体に貼り付けられてなるマイクロ波タグシステム。
(1) an information input / output terminal;
(2) an interrogator having at least a microwave transmitting / receiving circuit, an antenna, and an information processing circuit, connected to the information input / output terminal, and transmitting information from the information input / output terminal;
(3) at least a microwave transmission / reception circuit, an antenna, an information processing circuit, and a memory, and a tag on which information from the interrogator is recorded and which is attached to a managed product; A microwave tag system in which a history is recorded on the tag, wherein when the tag is attached to a metal body, a distance between an antenna surface of the tag and the metal body is at least 10 mm or more through a dielectric. Microwave tag system attached to a metal body.
前記タグのアンテナ面と前記金属体との距離が、前記質問器との間で送受信されるマイクロ波の1/4波長±50%の距離になるように設定されてなる請求項1記載のマイクロ波タグシステム。2. The micrometer according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the antenna surface of the tag and the metal body is set to be a distance of 1/4 wavelength of the microwave transmitted / received between the interrogator ± 50%. Wave tag system. 前記タグが貼り付けられる金属体の面と前記質問器のアンテナ面とが正対しないで、かつ、前記質問器からのマイクロ波の前記金属面による反射が前記タグ近傍で反射波による影響を生じさせないように、前記質問器のアンテナ面と前記金属体のタグ貼り付け面が傾いた位置に設定されてなる請求項1または2記載のマイクロ波タグシステム。The surface of the metal body to which the tag is attached and the antenna surface of the interrogator do not face each other, and the reflection of the microwave from the interrogator by the metal surface causes an influence by a reflected wave near the tag. The microwave tag system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the antenna surface of the interrogator and the tag attaching surface of the metal body are set at inclined positions so as not to cause the interrogation. (1)情報入出力端末機と、
(2)マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナおよび情報処理回路を少なくとも有し、前記情報入出力端末機に接続され、該情報入出力端末機からの情報を送信する質問器と、
(3)マイクロ波送受信回路、アンテナ、情報処理回路およびメモリを少なくとも有し、前記質問器からの情報が記録されると共に、被管理品に貼り付けられるタグとを有し、前記被管理品の履歴が前記タグに記録されるマイクロ波タグシステムであって、前記タグが金属体に貼り付けられる場合に、該タグが貼り付けられる金属体の面と前記質問器のアンテナ面とが正対しないで、かつ、前記質問器からのマイクロ波の前記金属面による反射が前記タグ近傍で反射波による影響を生じさせないように、前記質問器のアンテナ面と前記金属体のタグ貼り付け面が傾いた位置に設定されてなるマイクロ波タグシステム。
(1) an information input / output terminal;
(2) an interrogator having at least a microwave transmitting / receiving circuit, an antenna, and an information processing circuit, connected to the information input / output terminal, and transmitting information from the information input / output terminal;
(3) at least a microwave transmission / reception circuit, an antenna, an information processing circuit, and a memory, and a tag on which information from the interrogator is recorded and which is attached to a managed product; In a microwave tag system in which a history is recorded on the tag, when the tag is attached to a metal body, the surface of the metal body to which the tag is attached and the antenna surface of the interrogator do not face each other. And, the antenna surface of the interrogator and the tag attaching surface of the metal body are inclined so that the reflection of the microwave from the interrogator by the metal surface does not cause an influence by the reflected wave in the vicinity of the tag. A microwave tag system set at a location.
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