JP2004147604A - Egg with perforated zona pellucida of mammal and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Egg with perforated zona pellucida of mammal and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP2004147604A
JP2004147604A JP2002318788A JP2002318788A JP2004147604A JP 2004147604 A JP2004147604 A JP 2004147604A JP 2002318788 A JP2002318788 A JP 2002318788A JP 2002318788 A JP2002318788 A JP 2002318788A JP 2004147604 A JP2004147604 A JP 2004147604A
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egg
perforated
zona pellucida
mammal
perforation
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JP4138453B2 (en
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Naoki Nakagata
直己 中潟
Tatsuyuki Nakajima
竜之 中島
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ARK RESOURCE KK
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ARK RESOURCE KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an unfertilized and frozen egg with a perforated zona pellucida of a mammal, especially a gene-modified mouse, exhibiting a high external fertilization rate even by a sperm subjected to frozen preservation and thawing treatment and having reduced fertilizing capacity. <P>SOLUTION: The egg with the perforated zona pellucida of the mammal is obtained by forming a nearly circular perforation penetrating the zona pellucida and having 10-40 μm length of the diameter or the minor axis in the zona pellucida covering the periphery of an unfertilized egg collected from the mammal. The method for producing the egg with the perforated zona pellucida of the mammal comprises irradiating the zona pellucida covering the periphery of the unfertilized egg collected from the mammal with a laser beam under a perforation condition to form the perforation penetrating the zona pellucida. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、哺乳動物の卵透明帯に穿孔した卵子(本明細書において、「透明帯穿孔卵」という。)および透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、本発明は、凍結融解後の運動性の悪い精子に対しても、良好な体外受精を可能とする透明帯穿孔未受精卵および該透明帯穿孔未受精卵をレーザー光線を用いて作製する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
また、本発明は、透明帯穿孔卵の作製のためのレーザー穿孔装置を用いる穿孔システムを提供するものである。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
現在、ゲノム解析の進渉に伴ない、遺伝子の機能を解析・研究する必要性が強くなり、その目的のために、クローン化されたDNAのマウス生殖系列への導入などにより、膨大な数量および種類の遺伝子導入マウスまたは遺伝子破壊マウス等の遺伝子改変マウスが作製されている。
そこで、膨大に開発される遺伝子改変マウスの保存が極めて重要な課題となっている。
【0004】
しかしながら、何万種類もの極めて多種類の遺伝子改変マウスをすべて生体で維持することは不可能であり、受精卵および精子等の生殖細胞の凍結保存が経済的にもまた技術的にも有利なことからこれらの開発が急速に進められている。特に、受精卵に比較して精子が数の面でも多量に保存可能なため、マウス精子の凍結保存が注目されており、将来は精子の凍結保存が主流になるものと予測されている。
【0005】
ところが、遺伝子改変マウスのバックグラウンドに約70%以上も多用されているC57BL/6系統マウスの精子は、凍結後、融解すると、その運動性は比較的良好であるものの、受精能が極端に低下し、通常の体外受精が、見込めないという状況にある。その原因は、本発明者らの検討によれば、精子の頭部の膜が、凍結処理および融解処理により破壊され、卵透明帯を自力で通過できなくなる点にあることが把握された。すなわち、図3の電子顕微鏡写真で示す新鮮な精子に対し、図4に示すように凍結融解精子は、頭部の膜が破壊されていることが観察できる。
【0006】
かかる状況下において、従来、受精相手の未受精卵の透明帯の一部について研究者自ずからの手作業によるスリット状切開が実施されてきた(透明帯部分切開法(Partial Zona Pellucida Dissection) 以下、「PZD」と称する。)(例えば、非特許文献1参照。)。かかる操作で透明帯の一部を切開することにより、運動性の悪い精子でも卵細胞質へ侵入させ、受精率を向上させることが試みられてきた。
【0007】
また、非特許文献2には、圧電マイクロマニピュレーターを用いて透明帯の一部を切開する方法(Zona Pellucida Incision Using Piezo−micromanipulator)(以下、「ZIP」と称する。)が開示され、長さが約26μmの切開の事例が記載されている。
【0008】
しかしながら、かかるPZDおよびZIPの方法は、いずれも透明帯の一部をスリット状に切開するものであり、手作業によるものであるから切開にはかなりの熟練と労力を要するものであり、処理量には限度があった。また、切開寸法の大きさにバラツキが生じ、均一の寸法のものが連続的に得られないなど、作製効率が低く、その結果、体外受精率も低いものであった。
【0009】
【非特許文献1】
「BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION」(米国)57, 1050−1055(1997)
【非特許文献2】
「Journal of Mammalian( Ova Research)」(日本)19, 26−31(2002)
【非特許文献3】
「Journal of REPRODUCTION and fertility」(米国)87, 479−483(1989)
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の第一の課題は、前記の如き、斯界における開発状況に鑑み、凍結保存および融解処理後の運動性の低下した精子に対してもさらに体外受精率の高い未受精卵を提供することにある。
【0011】
また、本発明の第二の課題は、従来のPZDおよびZIPの手作業による卵透明帯の一部切開方法の難点を克服し、最も良好な穿孔サイズを均一に施した透明帯穿孔卵の効率的な作製方法を提供することにある。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者らは、前記課題を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねたところ、卵子を覆っている透明帯にレーザー光線を用いて穿孔を形成させる方法を採用することにより、ほぼ円形状で均一の大きさの穿孔を有し、体外受精率が90%にも達する良好な透明帯穿孔卵を実現できることができ、また、透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法として、例えば、一人一日当たり1000個以上もの高効率で処理することができ、しかも穿孔後の生存卵の割合が100%を達成できることに着目し、かかる知見に基づいて本発明の完成に至った。
【0013】
かくして、本発明によれば、
哺乳動物から採取された未受精卵の周囲を覆う透明帯に、該透明帯を貫通するほぼ円形状の穿孔であって、直径または短軸の長さが、10μm〜40μmの穿孔を形成させてなることを特徴とする哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵
が提供される。
【0014】
また、本発明によれば、
哺乳動物から採取した未受精卵の周囲を覆う透明帯に、レーザー光線を穿孔条件下において照射し、該透明帯を貫通する穿孔を形成させることを特徴とする哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法
が提供される。
【0015】
特に、前記レーザー光線の照射による穿孔位置が、前記未受精卵を細胞収縮処理に供し、該細胞質と透明帯との間の囲卵腔の容積が最大となる透明帯部位にある前記哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法
が提供される。
【0016】
本発明は、前記の如く哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵および該透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法を提供するものであるが、さらに、次に示す如き1)〜5)の好ましい実施の態様を包含する。
【0017】
1)前記哺乳動物が遺伝子改変マウスである前記哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵。
2)前記透明帯穿孔卵が、凍結保存された未受精凍結卵である前記哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵。
3)雌マウスから採取された未受精卵を細胞収縮処理に供し、該細胞質と透明帯との間の囲卵腔の容積が最大となる透明帯部位にレーザー光線を穿孔条件下において照射し、前記透明帯を貫通する直径または短軸の長さが10μm〜40μmの穿孔を形成させる前記透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法。
4)前記レーザー光線の穿孔条件が、波長:500nm〜2,000nm、出力:20mW〜200mW、パルス巾:0.1ms〜125msである前記透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法。
5)雌マウスから採取された未受精卵の周囲を覆う透明帯に、レーザー光線を波長:1,000nm〜1,800nm、出力:100mW〜200mW、パルス巾:3ms〜100msで照射し、該透明帯を貫通するほぼ円形状の穿孔であって、直径または短軸の長さが10μm〜20μmの穿孔を形成させた透明帯採光卵の作製方法。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、哺乳動物の卵透明帯に特定のほぼ円形状の穿孔をレーザー光線により形成させた透明帯穿孔卵および該透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法を提供するものである。
【0019】
本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法に用いられる未受精卵を提供する哺乳動物は、特に限定されるものではなく、牛、馬、ヤギ、ヒツジ、豚、ウサギ等の家畜およびマウス、ラット、モルモット、その他の実験動物等のあらゆる哺乳動物を対象とすることができるが、本発明によれば、マウス、ラット、特に遺伝子改変マウスに有用である。
【0020】
哺乳動物の卵透明帯は、卵細胞質の周囲を覆う透明な卵膜であり、糖タンパク質から成り、精子受容体活性および先体反応誘起活性を有することが知られている。その直近の外側は、濾泡細胞からなる放射冠があり、その外側は濾泡細胞からなる卵丘で囲まれている。通常、精子はアクロシン等により透明帯を溶かし囲卵腔に侵入するものと理解されている。
【0021】
受精に際しては、近傍に到来した精子は、透明帯に接触すると先体反応が生じ、頭部の先端にある先体が変化してヒアルロニダーゼ、アクロシン等の溶解素が放出され、これらの働きにより精子は透明帯を通過し、内部に存在する卵細胞に到達し、受精に到るが、前記した如く、凍結保存されたマウス、特にC57BL/6系統雄マウスの精子は、凍結処理および融解処理により損傷をうけ活力を低下し、透明帯を通過する力を欠いているものが多く、受精率が低いことに鑑み、精子が透明帯を通過できるように特定の大きさで、かつ最適な形状の穿孔を透明帯に形成させたものである。
【0022】
かかる透明帯に形成させた穿孔の形状は、図1の本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の電子顕微鏡写真で示すように、穿孔部分がほぼ円形状のものであり、透明帯を貫通したものである。かかる穿孔形状を有する透明帯穿孔卵は、体外受精率の向上に寄与する点が大きく、これは、円形状の穿孔構造が精子の通過を容易にしているものと推定されるのであり、スリット状の切開方法による場合と比較して穿孔した後の生存卵の割合(生存率)、体外受精率等の点において著しく顕著な効果を奏するものである。
【0023】
また、透明帯の穿孔の寸法は、その直径または楕円形の場合の短軸の長さが10μm〜40μm、好ましくは10μm〜20μmであり、かかる直径等の範囲において体外受精率を著しく向上させることができる。
【0024】
以下、本発明に係る哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法についてマウスを例に説明する。
すなわち、該透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法は、少なくとも次の工程を含む。
【0025】
1)未受精卵の採取
本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法において、哺乳動物、特にマウスからの未受精卵の採取に際しては、当該技術分野で実施されている前処理を採用することができる。すなわち、排卵誘発剤の投与により過排卵処理を行なった雌マウスを安楽死させ腹部を切開する。子宮、卵管、卵巣を体外に取り出した後、卵管のみを採取し、卵管膨大部より卵丘細胞に包まれた未受精卵を取り出す。具体的には、過排卵処理は、排卵誘発剤、例えば、卵胞刺激ホルモン性の性腺刺激ホルモンの卵胞成熟効果と、黄体形成ホルモン性の性腺刺激ホルモンの排卵効果とを組合せたものであり、具体的には、成熟雌マウスに所定濃度の妊馬血清性腺刺激ホルモン(PMS)とヒト絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン(hCG)を、例えば48時間間隔で腹腔内に投与(2.5〜7.5単位/匹)することにより過排卵処理を施すことができる。過排卵処理を施した雌マウスの卵管膨大部より未受精卵塊を採取する。
【0026】
2)卵丘細胞の除去
前記工程にて得られた未受精卵をヒアルロニダーゼ処理に供し、卵丘細胞を除去する。具体的には、未受精卵をヒアルロニダーゼを添加した体外受精用培地(HTF培地)に導入し、ヒアルロニダーゼで処理し、洗浄後、卵丘細胞が除去された未受精卵を得る。
【0027】
3)細胞質収縮処理
卵細胞収縮処理は、前記の如くして得られた未受精卵をレーザー光線による穿孔に供する前に、スクロース(Sucrose)溶液に導入するものである。すなわち、前記工程にて得られた未受精卵をスクロース溶液に導入することにより、細胞質を収縮させ、細胞質と透明帯の間の囲卵腔を拡大させる。スクロースの濃度としては、0.1M〜1Mのものが好ましい。スクロース処理により図2に示すように卵細胞質が収縮し、囲卵腔が拡大されるので、同図に示すようにレーザー光線の照射位置を最適化することができ、これにより、レーザーによる卵細胞質へのダメージを回避することができる。
【0028】
4)レーザー光線による穿孔
前記工程にて得られた未受精卵の囲卵腔の最大スペースの透明帯部位(図2参照。)に透明帯穿孔卵作製用レーザー穿孔装置(図5)を用いてモニター画面を見ながらボタン操作とピント調整によりレーザー光線を穿孔条件下において照射する。レーザー光線の照射による透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法について図5を参照して具体的に説明する。レーザー光線により得られた透明帯穿孔卵の電子顕微鏡写真を図1に示す。
【0029】
透明帯穿孔卵の作製に用いられるレーザー穿孔装置を図5に示す。該穿孔装置は、透明帯に照射するレーザー光線を発生させるレーザー装置1、レーザー装置1から出力されたレーザー光線(ビーム)aaを照射する未受精卵を保有するシャーレ6を具備する倒立顕微鏡2、モニター3およびリモコン4から構成されたものである。倒立顕微鏡2は、ケーブルaおよびbによりレーザー装置1およびモニター3に接続され、倒立顕微鏡2の映像は、ケーブルbを経てモニター3に映し出される。レーザー装置1の設定およびレーザー照射は、すべてリモコン4により操作される。リモコン4からの信号によりレーザー装置1から出力されたレーザー光線aaは線aを経て倒立顕微鏡2に入り、ステージ5上に置かれたシャーレ6内の未受精卵に下から照射され、透明帯の所定部位が穿孔される。
【0030】
次に、穿孔の操作について説明する。
本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵は、前記レーザー穿孔装置を用いることにより効率よく作製することができ、透明帯卵作製方法によれば、次の操作手順を採用することができる。
【0031】
倒立顕微鏡2のステージ5に卵丘細胞を除去した所定数量の未受精卵を装入したシャーレ4を載置する。倒立顕微鏡2を覗いて視野の中央に未受精卵を移動させる。モニター3の画面にも所定操作により顕微鏡と同じ画像が映し出されるように制御する。レーザー装置1とケーブルCにより接続しているリモコン4で穿孔の大きさを設定する。ついで、ステージ5を移動させて、モニター3画面上の照射ポイントに未受精卵の穿孔部位とピントを合わせた後、リモコン4のスイッチ4を押し、レーザー光線をケーブルaを経て倒立顕微鏡2のステージ5上のシャーレ6内の未受精卵に照射し穿孔する。
【0032】
穿孔を確認後、ステージ5を移動させ、次に未受精卵を前記と同様にモニター3画面上の照射ポイントに合わせ、リモコン4を操作してレーザー装置1からレーザー光線をシャーレ6内の未受精卵に照射し穿孔する。
【0033】
かかる操作により、すべての未受精卵の穿孔が終了した後、倒立顕微鏡ステージ5からシャーレ6を脱着し、新たなシャーレを設置する。この操作を繰り返すことにより、穿孔作業を連続的に行なうことができる。
【0034】
前記レーザー装置は、誘導放出を利用した光の増巾器または発振器であるが、レーザー媒質の種類により、気体レーザー、固体レーザー、半導体レーザー等各種の型が開発されている。気体レーザーとしては、HeとNeとの混合ガスを用いたHe−Neレーザー、アルゴンイオンの励起準位を利用したアルゴンレーザー、炭酸ガスを用いる炭酸ガスレーザーのほか、銅蒸気レーザー等を、また固体レーザーとしては、ネオジウムイオン(Nd3+)をドープしたYAG(イットリウム・アルミニウム・ガーネット結晶)を用いるNd:YAGレーザー、ガラスにネオジウムイオンをドープしたガラスレーザー、ルピーにクロムイオンをドープしたルピーレーザー等を挙げることができる。本発明の透明帯穿孔卵の作製には、レーザー光線の波長、出力およびパルス巾等の穿孔条件を設定・制御できるものであれば、特に限定するものではなく、市販品を使用することができる。
【0035】
本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法において、用いられるレーザー光線は、波長(λ)として500nm〜2000nmの範囲のものを選択することができるが、特に、1000nm〜1800nmの範囲のものが好ましい。出力としては、20mW〜200mW、好ましくは100mW〜200mWの範囲のものを採用することができる。また、パルス巾としては0.1ms〜125ms、好ましくは、3ms〜100msの範囲のものを選択して採用することができる。
【0036】
レーザー光線による穿孔条件は、前記の各条件を適宜選択して組合せることができるが、波長が500nmに達しないと穿孔が十分形成できず、一方、2000nmを超えると細胞破壊の弊害が生ずる。また、出力が20mWに達しないと、穿孔が不十分であり容易に貫通孔が得られない。一方、200mWを超えると細胞破壊のおそれが生じ、効率よく穿孔処理ができないという難点がある。また、パルス巾についても0.1msに満たないと穿孔不十分のおそれがあり、一方、125msを超えると細胞破壊が生ずるという難点を包蔵する。
【0037】
5)穿孔卵の凍結保存
前記工程にて得られた透明帯穿孔卵は、通常、凍結保存に供される。
凍結方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、中尾・中潟式簡易ガラス化法、緩慢法、二段階法等をはじめ各種方法を任意に選択して用いることができる。中尾・中潟式簡易ガラス化方法によれば、非特許文献3に示すように、透明帯穿孔未受精卵を5μlの1Mジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)と共にクライオチューブ内に移し、5分間静置する。次に簡易ガラス化保存用液(DAP213;2Mジメチルスルホキシド、1Mアセトアミドおよび3Mプロピレングリコールを含むリン酸緩衝液)を45μl添加し、5分後液体窒素中に浸漬し、未受精卵を凍結保存する方法が採用されている。
【0038】
なお、本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法に供される未受精卵は、当然のことながら凍結保存後、融解処理したものも用いることができる。前記方法による凍結保存は、透明帯穿孔卵のほか、未穿孔卵、穿孔受精卵についても同様に適用することができる。
【0039】
ここでマウスについて、本発明に係るレーザー光線を用いる透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法と従来から実施されているPZD法との各評価項目に対する評価結果をまとめると表1に示す通りである。
【0040】
【表1】

Figure 2004147604
【0041】
表中、作業性を示す「作業時間」は、穿孔または切開から洗浄までの時間であり、レーザーおよびPZDにはあまり相違がないが、「労力」、「熟練度」については本発明に係るレーザーによれば、ヒトへの負担は小さいため軽く、また、レーザー装置は操作が容易なため熟練度は不必要である。
【0042】
また、「作業量」については、本発明の方法では一人一日当たり1000個以上の穿孔卵の作製が可能であるが、PZDでは手作業のため約300個が限界とされる。また、穿孔卵の品質・性能については、穿孔卵の生存率がPZDでは手作業による操作ミスのため90%にとどまるのに対し、本発明では100%の結果であり、全量安全に確保することができる。
【0043】
さらに、「体外受精率」が、本発明の場合90%と高水準に達するのに対し、PZDでは高々60%程度のものであり、本発明の効果が如実に現われている。
かくして、本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法によれば、前記した如く、従来から実施されているPZD法に比較して、作業性において効率上極めて優れており、また、得られる透明帯穿孔卵の生存率、体外受精率が著しく高いことから、効率よく高品質の透明帯穿孔卵の作製を実現することができる。
【0044】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について、実施例および比較例を以ってさらに具体的に説明する。もっとも、本発明は、実施例等により何ら限定されるものではない。
【0045】
なお、実施例等において用いた供試動物、透明帯穿孔用レーザー装置および穿孔システムは次の通りである。
(1)供試動物
C57BL/6系統雌マウス(日本クレア社)
(2)使用機器
レーザー装置、倒立顕微鏡、テレビモニターの各市販品
【0046】
実施例1
成熟した前記C57BL/6系統雌マウス30匹に妊馬血清性腺刺激ホルモン(PMS)を腹腔内に投与し、その48時間後にヒト絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン(hCG)を腹腔内に1匹あたり2.5〜7.5単位を投与し、過排卵処理を行なった。
ヒト絨毛性性腺刺激ホルモン(hCG)の投与15時間後に過排卵処理した雌マウスを屠殺し、卵管膨大部より未受精卵を取り出し、体外受精用培地(HTF)に導入した。未受精卵を導入したHTF培地に0.1%ヒアルロニダーゼを添加し、3分間インキュベーター内に静置した。その後、3回洗浄を行ない、卵丘細胞を除去した。
卵丘細胞を除去した未受精卵は、クラス3Bレーザー装置を用いる透明帯への穿孔に供した。すなわち、該未受精卵をレーザーによる卵細胞質へのダメージを避けるため0.1M〜1M sucrose溶液に導入し、図2に示すように卵の細胞質を収縮させた。次に、レーザー光線を下記の操作により卵細胞質と透明帯の間、すなわち囲卵腔のスペースが最も広いところ1ケ所に照射し直径10μm〜40μmの穿孔を形成させた。
透明帯の穿孔は、図5に示す透明帯穿孔卵作製レーザー穿孔装置を用いて次の操作手順により行なった。
【0047】
1.先ず、レーザー装置1、倒立顕微鏡2およびモニター3を稼働状態とした後、倒立顕微鏡2のステージ中央にプラスティックシャーレ4を載置した。プラスティックシャーレ4には卵丘細胞を除去した未受精卵を数十個入れておいた。
2.倒立顕微鏡を覗いて、視野の中央に未受精卵を移動させた。
3.モニター画面にも顕微鏡と同一の画像が映し出されることを確認した。
4.レーザー装置本体1からケーブルで結合しているリモコンで穿孔する穴の大きさを設定した。
5.倒立顕微鏡2のステージを移動させモニター画面上の照射ポイントに未受精卵の穿孔部位とピントを合わせた。
6.リモコン4のスイッチを押し、レーザーを照射し穿孔した。
7.穿孔を確認後、ステージを移動させ、次の未受精卵をモニター画面上の照射ポイントに合わせ、レーザー光線aaを照射した。
8.すべての未受精卵の穿孔の終了後、倒立顕微鏡ステージ5からプラスティックシャーレ6を下ろし、新たなシャーレと交換した。
【0048】
前記穿孔操作においてレーザー光線による透明帯穿孔の条件は次の通りとした。
波長;1.480nm
出力;165〜200mW
パルス巾;0.1〜7.0ms
前記の如くして透明帯への穿孔が終了した透明帯穿孔未受精卵をHTF培地で3回洗浄し、その後、体外受精に供した。
【0049】
(精子の融解)
凍結保存していたC57BL/6系統雄マウスの精子を液体窒素中から取り出し、37℃の温水中に浸漬した。15分間放置後融解した精子を100μlの体外受精用培地(HTF)に懸濁させた。凍結融解後の精子は、図3に示す新鮮精子と比較して図4に示すように頭部に損傷を有するものであった。
【0050】
(体外受精)
前記の受精用培地(HTF)に懸濁させた精子の濃度を500〜700精子/mlに調整し、その一部を前記透明帯穿孔未受精卵の培地に導入した。3時間後に該透明帯穿孔卵を新鮮な培養液(HTF)で洗浄し、2細胞期へ発生した胚および未受精卵を回収し、それらの数を計測し、体外受精率を次の式で求めたところ90%であった。
体外受精率(%)=(2細胞期胚の数)/(2細胞期胚の数+未受精卵の数)×100
【0051】
実施例2
実施例1と同一の操作により得られた透明帯穿孔未受精卵を中尾・中潟式簡易ガラス化方法を用いて凍結した。
すなわち、透明帯に穿孔した未受精卵を5μlの1M DMSO と共にクライオチューブ内に移し、5分間静止した。次に、簡易ガラス化保存用液DAP213を45μl添加し、5分間液体窒素中に浸漬し、凍結保存に供した。
凍結保存後、凍結された透明帯穿孔未受精卵を融解処理に供した後、実施例1に記載の体外受精方法と同一条件・操作の体外受精方法に供したところ、体外受精率70%であった。
*2M DMSO、1Mアセトアミドおよび3M プロピレングリコールを含むリン酸緩衝液
【0052】
実施例3
レーザー光線による透明帯穿孔卵作製において、透明帯に穿孔した穴の数が1個〜5個となるように、レーザー光線の照射条件を制御して穿孔を行なった。それら透明帯穿孔卵は実施例1と同一の操作おび条件による体外受精に供した。その結果、穿孔数による大きな影響は認められず、穿孔後の生存率は90%〜100%、体外受精率は70%〜90%であった。
【0053】
比較例1
卵丘細胞を除去した未受精卵のレーザー光線による透明帯の穿孔の代わりにPZDにより透明帯を切開した。
すなわち、過排卵処理した雌マウスから未受精卵を採取し、0.1%ヒアルロニダーゼを添加することにより卵丘細胞の除去を行なった。卵丘細胞を除去した未受精卵は、0.3M sucrose溶液に導入し、卵の細胞質を収縮させ、プラスティックシャーレの底に卵を固定させた。次に顕微鏡下で30ゲージの注射針を用いて1個1個手作業によって長さ50〜100μmの切り込みを入れ、透明帯に切開を行なった。切開後、透明帯切開卵はHTF培地で3回洗浄し、その体外受精に供した。なお、透明帯切開以外は、すべて実施例1の操作と同一の操作により体外受精に供した。この方法による生存率は90%、体外受精率は60%であった。
【0054】
【表2】
Figure 2004147604
【0055】
【発明の効果】
レーザー光線を用いる透明帯穿孔卵の作製は、従来のPZDに比較して、連続的な作業が可能であり、熟練を要することがないので、例えば、一人1日当たりPZDでは300個が限界であるのに対し、本発明では、1000個以上可能であり、操作ミスが小さいため、穿孔卵の生存率も100%に達する。
また、レーザー穿孔により体外受精率が90%にも達するなど高品質の透明帯穿孔卵を提供することができる。
さらに、透明帯穿孔卵作製用レーザー穿孔装置によれば、正確で安定した穿孔が可能であり、高効率の透明帯穿孔卵の作製に寄与することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の電子顕微鏡写真(倍率;1500倍である。
【図2】本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の穿孔位置を示す断面写真である。
【図3】C57BL/6系統マウスの新鮮精子の電子顕微鏡写真である。
【図4】C57BL/6系統マウスの凍結融解精子の電子顕微鏡写真である。
【図5】本発明に係る透明帯穿孔卵の作製に用いるレーザー穿孔装置の構成を示すブロック図である。
【符号の説明】
1 レーザー装置
2 倒立顕微鏡
3 テレビモニター
4 リモートコントローラー[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an egg perforated in a zona pellucida of a mammal (herein referred to as “perforated zona pellucida”) and a method for producing a perforated ova of a zona pellucida. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing a zona pellucida unfertilized egg and a zona pellucida non-fertilized egg using a laser beam, which enables good in vitro fertilization, even for sperm having poor motility after freeze-thawing. How to do it.
[0002]
The present invention also provides a perforation system using a laser perforation apparatus for producing a perforated egg of a zona pellucida.
[0003]
[Prior art]
At present, with the progress of genome analysis, the necessity of analyzing and studying the function of genes has become stronger, and for that purpose, introduction of cloned DNA into mouse germ line Various types of transgenic mice or transgenic mice such as transgenic mice have been produced.
Thus, preservation of a vast amount of genetically modified mice has become a very important issue.
[0004]
However, it is impossible to maintain all tens of thousands of genetically modified mice in vivo, and cryopreservation of germ cells such as fertilized eggs and sperm is economically and technically advantageous. Are rapidly developing these. In particular, cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa is attracting attention because spermatozoa can be stored in a large amount in terms of number as compared with fertilized eggs, and it is predicted that cryopreservation of sperm will become mainstream in the future.
[0005]
However, spermatozoa of the C57BL / 6 strain mouse, which is heavily used in the background of the genetically modified mouse by about 70% or more, when frozen and thawed, their motility is relatively good, but their fertility is extremely reduced. However, normal in vitro fertilization cannot be expected. According to the investigations of the present inventors, it has been found that the cause is that the membrane of the head of sperm is destroyed by freezing and thawing, and cannot pass through the zona pellucida by itself. That is, it can be observed that the membrane of the head of the frozen and thawed sperm is destroyed as shown in FIG. 4 with respect to the fresh sperm shown in the electron micrograph of FIG.
[0006]
Under such circumstances, a slit-shaped incision has been conventionally performed manually on the part of the zona pellucida of the unfertilized egg of the fertilized partner (partial incision of the zona pellucida (Partial Zona Pellucida Dissection)). PZD ”) (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). By incising a part of the zona pellucida by such an operation, even sperm with poor motility has been attempted to penetrate into the egg cytoplasm to improve the fertilization rate.
[0007]
Non-Patent Document 2 discloses a method of incising a part of a transparent zone using a piezoelectric micromanipulator (Zona Pellucida Incision Using Piezo-micromanipulator) (hereinafter, referred to as “ZIP”), and its length is disclosed. An approximately 26 μm incision case is described.
[0008]
However, both of the PZD and ZIP methods involve incising a part of the transparent band in a slit shape and are performed by hand, so that the incision requires considerable skill and labor, and the throughput is high. Had a limit. In addition, the incision size varies, and a uniform size cannot be obtained continuously. For example, the production efficiency is low, and as a result, the in vitro fertilization rate is low.
[0009]
[Non-patent document 1]
"BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION" (USA)57, 1050-1055 (1997).
[Non-patent document 2]
"Journal of Mammarian (Ova Research)" (Japan)19, 26-31 (2002).
[Non-Patent Document 3]
"Journal of REPRODUCTION and fertility" (USA)87, 479-483 (1989).
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to provide an unfertilized egg having a higher in vitro fertilization rate even for sperm having reduced motility after cryopreservation and thawing in view of the development situation in the art as described above. Is to do.
[0011]
A second object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional manual incision of the zona pellucida by PZD and ZIP, and to improve the efficiency of the zona pellucida perforated with the best perforation size evenly. It is to provide an efficient production method.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above problems, and by adopting a method of forming a perforation using a laser beam in a transparent band covering an egg, a substantially circular and uniform shape is adopted. It is possible to realize a good perforated egg with a perforation of size 90 mm and a fertilization rate as high as 90% in vitro, and as a method for producing a perforated egg with a transparent band, for example, 1000 or more per day per person Focusing on the fact that processing can be performed with high efficiency and that the percentage of live eggs after perforation can achieve 100%, the present invention has been completed based on such findings.
[0013]
Thus, according to the present invention,
A substantially circular perforation penetrating the transparent zone, which has a diameter or short axis length of 10 μm to 40 μm, is formed in a transparent zone covering the periphery of an unfertilized egg collected from a mammal. A zona perforated egg of a mammal, comprising:
Is provided.
[0014]
According to the present invention,
A method for producing a perforated egg of a mammalian zona pellucida, comprising irradiating a laser beam to a transparent zone covering the periphery of an unfertilized egg collected from a mammal under perforation conditions to form a perforation penetrating the transparent zone.
Is provided.
[0015]
In particular, the position of the perforation by the laser beam irradiation, the unfertilized egg subjected to the cell contraction treatment, the transparency of the mammal in the zona pellucida region where the volume of the perivitelline between the cytoplasm and zona pellucida is maximized Method of making perforated egg
Is provided.
[0016]
The present invention provides a perforated egg of a mammalian zona pellucida as described above and a method for producing the perforated egg of a zona pellucida, and further includes preferred embodiments of the following 1) to 5). .
[0017]
1) A zona pellucida egg of the mammal, wherein the mammal is a genetically modified mouse.
2) The perforated egg of the mammal, wherein the perforated egg of the zona pellucida is a cryopreserved unfertilized frozen egg.
3) subjecting an unfertilized egg collected from a female mouse to a cell contraction treatment, and irradiating a laser beam under a perforation condition to a zona pellucida site where the volume of the perivitelline between the cytoplasm and the zona pellucida is maximized, The method for producing a perforated egg with a transparent zone, wherein a hole having a diameter or a short axis of 10 μm to 40 μm penetrating the transparent zone is formed.
4) The method for producing a perforated egg with a transparent zone in which the laser beam is perforated under the following conditions: wavelength: 500 nm to 2,000 nm, output: 20 mW to 200 mW, pulse width: 0.1 ms to 125 ms.
5) The transparent zone covering the unfertilized egg collected from the female mouse is irradiated with a laser beam at a wavelength of 1,000 nm to 1,800 nm, an output of 100 mW to 200 mW, and a pulse width of 3 ms to 100 ms. A method for producing a transparent-zone light-collecting egg in which a hole having a diameter or a short axis of 10 μm to 20 μm is formed, which is a substantially circular hole that penetrates through.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a perforated egg having a specific substantially circular perforation formed in a zona pellucida of a mammal by a laser beam, and a method for producing the perforated egg.
[0019]
Mammals that provide unfertilized eggs used in the method for producing zona pellucida perforated eggs according to the present invention are not particularly limited, and include livestock such as cows, horses, goats, sheep, pigs, rabbits, and mice and rats. , Guinea pigs, and other experimental animals, but the present invention is useful for mice, rats, and particularly genetically modified mice.
[0020]
The mammalian zona pellucida is a transparent egg membrane that covers the periphery of the egg cytoplasm, is composed of glycoproteins, and is known to have sperm receptor activity and acrosome reaction-inducing activity. Immediately outside it is a radiant crown of follicular cells, and the outside is surrounded by a cumulus of follicular cells. It is generally understood that spermatozoa dissolve the zona pellucida with acrosin or the like and penetrate into the perivitelline space.
[0021]
At the time of fertilization, the sperm arriving in the vicinity causes an acrosome reaction when it comes into contact with the zona pellucida, changes the acrosome at the tip of the head, and releases lysins such as hyaluronidase and acrosin. Passes through the zona pellucida, reaches the eggs present inside, and reaches fertilization. As described above, the cryopreserved mice, especially the spermatozoa of the C57BL / 6 male mouse, are damaged by the freezing and thawing treatments. Perforation of specific size and optimal shape to allow sperm to pass through the zona pellucida Is formed in a transparent band.
[0022]
The shape of the perforations formed in such a transparent zone is, as shown in the electron micrograph of the perforated egg of the transparent zone according to the present invention in FIG. 1, where the perforated portion has a substantially circular shape and penetrates the transparent zone. is there. The perforated egg having such a perforated shape has a large point that contributes to the improvement of the rate of in vitro fertilization, which is presumed to have a circular perforated structure facilitating the passage of sperm, and has a slit-like shape. It has a remarkable effect in terms of the percentage of surviving eggs after perforation (survival rate), the rate of in vitro fertilization, and the like, as compared with the incision method described above.
[0023]
The size of the perforation of the transparent zone is such that the diameter or the length of the minor axis in the case of an elliptical shape is from 10 μm to 40 μm, preferably from 10 μm to 20 μm. Can be.
[0024]
Hereinafter, the method for producing a perforated egg of a mammalian zona pellucida according to the present invention will be described using a mouse as an example.
That is, the method for preparing the perforated egg of zona pellucida includes at least the following steps.
[0025]
1) Collection of unfertilized eggs
In the method for producing a perforated egg of the zona pellucida according to the present invention, a pretreatment carried out in the technical field can be employed when collecting an unfertilized egg from a mammal, particularly a mouse. That is, a female mouse that has undergone superovulation treatment by administration of an ovulation inducer is euthanized and the abdomen is incised. After removing the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries from the body, only the fallopian tubes are collected, and unfertilized eggs wrapped in cumulus cells are removed from the fallopian tube. Specifically, the superovulation treatment is a combination of an ovulation inducer, for example, the follicle maturation effect of follicle stimulating gonadotropin and the ovulation effect of luteinizing gonadotropin, Specifically, predetermined concentrations of pregnant horse serum gonadotropin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are intraperitoneally administered to adult female mice at intervals of, for example, 48 hours (2.5 to 7.5 units) / Animal) to perform a superovulation treatment. An unfertilized egg mass is collected from the oviduct ampulla of the superovulated female mouse.
[0026]
2) Removal of cumulus cells
The unfertilized egg obtained in the above step is subjected to a hyaluronidase treatment to remove cumulus cells. Specifically, an unfertilized egg is introduced into an in vitro fertilization medium (HTF medium) to which hyaluronidase has been added, treated with hyaluronidase, washed, and an unfertilized egg from which cumulus cells have been removed is obtained.
[0027]
3) Cytoplasmic contraction treatment
In the egg cell contraction treatment, the unfertilized egg obtained as described above is introduced into a sucrose solution before being subjected to perforation by a laser beam. That is, by introducing the unfertilized egg obtained in the above step into a sucrose solution, the cytoplasm is contracted, and the perivitelline space between the cytoplasm and the zona pellucida is enlarged. The concentration of sucrose is preferably from 0.1M to 1M. Since the sucrose treatment shrinks the egg cytoplasm and expands the perivitelline as shown in FIG. 2, the irradiation position of the laser beam can be optimized as shown in FIG. Damage can be avoided.
[0028]
4) Perforation by laser beam
Using a laser perforation device (Fig. 5) for making a perforated egg with a transparent band at the transparent band site (see Fig. 2) in the maximum space of the perivitelline space of the unfertilized egg obtained in the above step, press the button while looking at the monitor screen. The laser beam is irradiated under drilling conditions by operation and focus adjustment. A method of producing a perforated egg with a transparent zone by irradiation with a laser beam will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows an electron micrograph of a perforated egg of the zona pellucida obtained by a laser beam.
[0029]
FIG. 5 shows a laser perforation apparatus used for producing a perforated egg with a zona pellucida. The perforation apparatus includes an inverted microscope 2 having a laser device 1 for generating a laser beam for irradiating the transparent zone, a petri dish 6 holding unfertilized eggs for irradiating the laser beam (beam) aa output from the laser device 1, and a monitor 3 And a remote controller 4. The inverted microscope 2 is connected to the laser device 1 and the monitor 3 by cables a and b, and an image of the inverted microscope 2 is displayed on the monitor 3 via the cable b. The setting of the laser device 1 and the laser irradiation are all operated by the remote controller 4. The laser beam aa output from the laser device 1 by a signal from the remote controller 4 enters the inverted microscope 2 via the line a, and is irradiated from below onto the unfertilized eggs in the petri dish 6 placed on the stage 5 so that a predetermined transparent band is formed. The site is perforated.
[0030]
Next, the punching operation will be described.
The transparent-perforated egg according to the present invention can be efficiently produced by using the laser perforation apparatus. According to the method for producing a transparent-pervious egg, the following operation procedure can be adopted.
[0031]
On a stage 5 of the inverted microscope 2, a petri dish 4 loaded with a predetermined number of unfertilized eggs from which cumulus cells have been removed is placed. The unfertilized egg is moved to the center of the visual field by looking into the inverted microscope 2. Control is performed by a predetermined operation on the screen of the monitor 3 so that the same image as the microscope is displayed. The size of the hole is set by the remote controller 4 connected to the laser device 1 by the cable C. Then, the stage 5 is moved so that the perforated portion of the unfertilized egg is focused on the irradiation point on the screen of the monitor 3, and then the switch 4 of the remote controller 4 is pressed, and the laser beam is transmitted through the cable a through the stage 5 of the inverted microscope 2. The non-fertilized eggs in the upper petri dish 6 are irradiated and perforated.
[0032]
After confirming the perforation, the stage 5 is moved, then the unfertilized egg is adjusted to the irradiation point on the monitor 3 screen in the same manner as described above, and the remote controller 4 is operated to apply the laser beam from the laser device 1 to the unfertilized egg in the petri dish 6. Irradiate and perforate.
[0033]
After the perforation of all unfertilized eggs is completed by this operation, the petri dish 6 is detached from the inverted microscope stage 5, and a new petri dish is set. By repeating this operation, the drilling operation can be performed continuously.
[0034]
The laser device is a light amplifier or an oscillator using stimulated emission. Depending on the type of laser medium, various types such as a gas laser, a solid laser, and a semiconductor laser have been developed. Examples of the gas laser include a He-Ne laser using a mixed gas of He and Ne, an argon laser using an excitation level of argon ions, a carbon dioxide laser using carbon dioxide, a copper vapor laser, and the like. Neodymium ions (Nd3+) -Doped YAG (yttrium-aluminum-garnet crystal), a glass laser doped with neodymium ions in glass, a rupee laser doped with chromium ions, and the like. The preparation of the perforated egg of the zona pellucida of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the perforation conditions such as the wavelength, output and pulse width of the laser beam can be set and controlled, and commercially available products can be used.
[0035]
In the method for producing a perforated egg of the zona pellucida according to the present invention, the laser beam used may have a wavelength (λ) in the range of 500 nm to 2000 nm, but is preferably in the range of 1000 nm to 1800 nm. As the output, a power in the range of 20 mW to 200 mW, preferably 100 mW to 200 mW can be adopted. The pulse width can be selected from a range of 0.1 ms to 125 ms, preferably 3 ms to 100 ms.
[0036]
The conditions for perforation by a laser beam can be appropriately selected from the above conditions and combined, but if the wavelength does not reach 500 nm, perforations cannot be formed sufficiently. On the other hand, if the wavelength exceeds 2000 nm, the detrimental effect of cell destruction occurs. If the output does not reach 20 mW, the perforation is insufficient and a through-hole cannot be easily obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 200 mW, there is a risk that cells may be destroyed, and it is not possible to efficiently perform the perforation treatment. In addition, if the pulse width is less than 0.1 ms, there is a risk of insufficient perforation. On the other hand, if the pulse width exceeds 125 ms, there is a disadvantage that cell destruction occurs.
[0037]
5) Cryopreservation of perforated eggs
The perforated egg of the zona pellucida obtained in the above step is usually subjected to cryopreservation.
The freezing method is not particularly limited, and various methods including, for example, a Nakao-Nakagata simple vitrification method, a slow method, a two-stage method and the like can be arbitrarily selected and used. According to the Nakao-Nakagata simple vitrification method, as shown in Non-Patent Document 3, an unfertilized egg perforated with a zona pellucida is transferred into a cryotube together with 5 μl of 1M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and left to stand for 5 minutes. Next, 45 μl of a simple vitrification storage solution (DAP213; a phosphate buffer solution containing 2 M dimethyl sulfoxide, 1 M acetamide and 3 M propylene glycol) was added, and after 5 minutes, immersed in liquid nitrogen to freeze and store unfertilized eggs. The method has been adopted.
[0038]
The unfertilized egg to be used in the method for producing a perforated egg of the zona pellucida according to the present invention may, of course, be used after cryopreservation and thawing. The cryopreservation by the above method can be similarly applied to unperforated eggs and perforated fertilized eggs in addition to perforated eggs with zona pellucida.
[0039]
Table 1 summarizes the evaluation results for each evaluation item of the mouse using the laser beam according to the present invention for producing a perforated egg of the zona pellucida and the conventionally performed PZD method.
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004147604
[0041]
In the table, "working time" indicating workability is the time from perforation or incision to washing, and there is not much difference between laser and PZD, but "labor" and "skill" are the lasers according to the present invention. According to the method, the burden on humans is small because it is light, and the laser device is easy to operate and does not require skill.
[0042]
As for the "work volume", the method of the present invention can produce 1,000 or more perforated eggs per person per day, but PZD has a limit of about 300 eggs due to manual work. In addition, regarding the quality and performance of perforated eggs, the survival rate of perforated eggs is only 90% due to a manual operation error in PZD, but is 100% in the present invention. Can be.
[0043]
Further, while the "in vitro fertilization rate" reaches a high level of 90% in the case of the present invention, it is at most about 60% in PZD, and the effects of the present invention are clearly shown.
Thus, according to the method for producing a perforated egg of the zona pellucida according to the present invention, as described above, the workability is extremely excellent in comparison with the conventionally performed PZD method, and the obtained zona pellucida is obtained. Since the survival rate and the in vitro fertilization rate of the perforated egg are remarkably high, it is possible to efficiently produce a high-quality perforated egg with a transparent zone.
[0044]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the examples and the like.
[0045]
The test animals, the laser device for perforating the transparent zone, and the perforating system used in the examples and the like are as follows.
(1) Test animals
C57BL / 6 strain female mouse (CLEA Japan)
(2) Equipment used
Commercially available products such as laser equipment, inverted microscope, and TV monitor
[0046]
Example 1
Serum gonadotropin (PMS) was administered intraperitoneally to 30 mature C57BL / 6 strain female mice, and 48 hours later, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered intraperitoneally per mouse. 5 to 7.5 units were administered for superovulation.
Fifteen hours after the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the superovulated female mouse was sacrificed, an unfertilized egg was taken out from the tubal ampulla, and introduced into an in vitro fertilization medium (HTF). 0.1% hyaluronidase was added to the HTF medium into which unfertilized eggs had been introduced, and the mixture was allowed to stand in an incubator for 3 minutes. Thereafter, washing was performed three times to remove cumulus cells.
Unfertilized eggs from which cumulus cells were removed were subjected to perforation of the zona pellucida using a class 3B laser device. That is, the unfertilized egg was introduced into a 0.1 M to 1 M sucrose solution to avoid damage to the egg cytoplasm by the laser, and the egg cytoplasm was contracted as shown in FIG. Next, a laser beam was applied to the space between the egg cytoplasm and the zona pellucida, that is, one place where the space of the perivitelline was the widest by the following operation to form a perforation having a diameter of 10 μm to 40 μm.
The perforation of the zona pellucida was performed by the following operation procedure using a laser piercing device for making an ovum perforated ovum shown in FIG.
[0047]
1. First, after the laser device 1, the inverted microscope 2, and the monitor 3 were put into operation, the plastic petri dish 4 was placed at the center of the stage of the inverted microscope 2. Dozens of unfertilized eggs from which cumulus cells were removed were placed in the plastic petri dish 4.
2. Looking at the inverted microscope, the unfertilized egg was moved to the center of the visual field.
3. It was confirmed that the same image as the microscope was displayed on the monitor screen.
4. The size of a hole to be drilled by a remote controller connected by a cable from the laser device main body 1 was set.
5. The stage of the inverted microscope 2 was moved, and the perforated portion of the unfertilized egg was focused on the irradiation point on the monitor screen.
6. The switch of the remote controller 4 was pressed, and laser irradiation was performed to pierce the hole.
7. After confirming the perforation, the stage was moved, the next unfertilized egg was adjusted to the irradiation point on the monitor screen, and the laser beam aa was irradiated.
8. After the perforation of all unfertilized eggs was completed, the plastic petri dish 6 was lowered from the inverted microscope stage 5 and replaced with a new petri dish.
[0048]
The conditions for perforating the transparent band with a laser beam in the perforating operation were as follows.
Wavelength; 1.480 nm
Output: 165-200mW
Pulse width: 0.1 to 7.0 ms
The zona pellucida non-fertilized eggs which had been pierced into the zona pellucida as described above were washed three times with an HTF medium, and then subjected to in vitro fertilization.
[0049]
(Sperm melting)
The spermatozoa of the C57BL / 6 strain male mouse that had been cryopreserved were removed from liquid nitrogen and immersed in warm water at 37 ° C. After standing for 15 minutes, the thawed spermatozoa were suspended in 100 μl of an in vitro fertilization medium (HTF). The sperm after freeze-thawing had a damaged head as shown in FIG. 4 as compared with the fresh sperm shown in FIG.
[0050]
(In vitro fertilization)
The concentration of spermatozoa suspended in the fertilization medium (HTF) was adjusted to 500 to 700 sperm / ml, and a part of the sperm was introduced into the culture medium for unpertilized zona pellucida. After 3 hours, the zona pellucida perforated egg is washed with fresh culture solution (HTF), and embryos and unfertilized eggs that have developed to the 2-cell stage are collected, their numbers are counted, and the in vitro fertilization rate is calculated by the following equation. The calculated value was 90%.
In vitro fertilization rate (%) = (number of 2-cell stage embryos) / (number of 2-cell stage embryos + number of unfertilized eggs) × 100
[0051]
Example 2
The non-fertilized egg perforated with a zona pellucida obtained by the same operation as in Example 1 was frozen using the Nakao-Nakagata simple vitrification method.
That is, an unfertilized egg perforated in the zona pellucida was transferred into a cryotube together with 5 μl of 1 M DMSO, and was left still for 5 minutes. Next, a simple vitrification storage solution DAP213*Was added thereto, immersed in liquid nitrogen for 5 minutes, and subjected to cryopreservation.
After cryopreservation, the frozen zona pellucida unfertilized egg was subjected to thawing treatment, and then subjected to the in vitro fertilization method under the same conditions and operation as the in vitro fertilization method described in Example 1. As a result, the in vitro fertilization rate was 70%. there were.
* Phosphate buffer containing 2M DMSO, 1M acetamide and 3M propylene glycol
[0052]
Example 3
In the production of a perforated egg with a laser beam, perforation was performed by controlling the irradiation conditions of the laser beam so that the number of holes perforated in the transparent zone was 1 to 5. The perforated eggs of the zona pellucida were subjected to in vitro fertilization under the same operation and conditions as in Example 1. As a result, no significant influence by the number of perforations was observed, the survival rate after perforation was 90% to 100%, and the in vitro fertilization rate was 70% to 90%.
[0053]
Comparative Example 1
The zona pellucida was incised by PZD instead of laser beam perforation of the zona pellucida of the unfertilized eggs from which the cumulus cells had been removed.
That is, unfertilized eggs were collected from the superovulated female mice, and cumulus cells were removed by adding 0.1% hyaluronidase. The unfertilized eggs from which the cumulus cells were removed were introduced into a 0.3 M sucrose solution to shrink the cytoplasm of the eggs and fix the eggs on the bottom of a plastic petri dish. Next, under a microscope, a cut of 50 to 100 μm in length was made manually using a 30-gauge injection needle, and an incision was made in the transparent zone. After incision, the zona pellucida was washed three times with HTF medium and subjected to in vitro fertilization. In addition, except for the incision of the zona pellucida, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed for in vitro fertilization. The survival rate by this method was 90% and the in vitro fertilization rate was 60%.
[0054]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004147604
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
The production of a perforated egg using a laser beam, compared to conventional PZD, allows continuous work and does not require skill, so for example, the limit is 300 per person per day for PZD. On the other hand, in the present invention, 1000 or more pieces are possible, and the operation error is small, so that the survival rate of perforated eggs reaches 100%.
In addition, it is possible to provide a perforated egg of high quality, such as an in vitro fertilization rate of 90% by laser perforation.
Furthermore, according to the laser perforation apparatus for producing a perforated egg with a transparent zone, accurate and stable perforation is possible, which can contribute to the production of a highly perforated egg with a transparent zone.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph (magnification: 1500 ×) of a perforated egg of the zona pellucida according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional photograph showing a perforated position of a perforated egg of the transparent zone according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of fresh sperm of a C57BL / 6 strain mouse.
FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of frozen-thawed sperm of a C57BL / 6 strain mouse.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a laser perforation apparatus used for producing a perforated egg with a transparent zone according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Laser device
2 Inverted microscope
3 TV monitor
4 Remote controller

Claims (8)

哺乳動物から採取された未受精卵の周囲を覆う透明帯に、該透明帯を貫通するほぼ円形状の穿孔であって、直径または短軸の長さが10μm〜40μmの穿孔を形成させてなることを特徴とする哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵。A substantially circular perforation that penetrates the transparent zone and that has a diameter or short axis of 10 μm to 40 μm is formed in a transparent zone covering the periphery of an unfertilized egg collected from a mammal. A perforated egg of a mammalian zona pellucida, characterized in that: 前記哺乳動物が、マウスである請求項1に記載の哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵。The perforated ova of a mammal according to claim 1, wherein the mammal is a mouse. 前記透明帯穿孔卵が、凍結保存および融解処理に供された精子に対しても体外受精が可能な未受精卵である請求項1または2に記載の哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵。3. The perforated egg of a mammalian zona pellucida according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the perforated zona pellucida is an unfertilized egg capable of in vitro fertilization even for sperm subjected to cryopreservation and thawing. 哺乳動物から採取された未受精卵の周囲を覆う透明帯に、レーザー光線を穿孔条件下において照射し、該透明帯を貫通する穿孔を形成させることを特徴とする哺乳動物の透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法。Producing a transparent zone perforated egg of a mammal, comprising irradiating a laser beam to a transparent zone covering the periphery of an unfertilized egg collected from a mammal under perforation conditions to form a perforation penetrating the transparent zone. Method. 前記レーザー光線の照射による穿孔位置が、前記未受精卵を細胞収縮処理に供し、該細胞質と透明帯との間の囲卵腔の容積が最大となる透明帯部位である請求項4に記載の透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法。The transparent position according to claim 4, wherein the perforation position by the irradiation of the laser beam is a transparent zone part where the unfertilized egg is subjected to cell contraction treatment and the volume of the perivitelline space between the cytoplasm and the zona pellucida is maximized. A method for producing a perforated egg. 前記哺乳動物が、マウスである請求項4または5に記載の透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法。The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the mammal is a mouse. 前記レーザー光線の穿孔条件が、波長;500nm〜2000nmにおいて、出力;20mW〜200mWである請求項4ないし6のいずれかの1項に記載の透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法。The method for producing a perforated transparent zone egg according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the laser beam is perforated at a wavelength of 500 nm to 2000 nm and an output of 20 mW to 200 mW. 前記レーザー光線の穿孔条件が、パルス巾0.1ms〜125msである請求項4ないし7のいずれかの1項に記載の透明帯穿孔卵の作製方法。The method for producing a perforated egg with a zona pellucida according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein the perforation condition of the laser beam is a pulse width of 0.1 ms to 125 ms.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009096101A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-08-06 Central Institute For Experimental Animals Method for introducing foreign gene into early embryo of primate animal, and method for production of transgenic primate animal comprising the introduction method
US9453242B2 (en) 2010-09-13 2016-09-27 National Univeristy Corporation Kumamoto University Method and culture medium for preparing mammalian ovum or embryo in which zona pellucida has been thinned or eliminated, and method for fertilization using mammalian ovum prepared by same method
CN114686423A (en) * 2022-04-29 2022-07-01 南京优而生物科技发展有限公司 Preparation method of HTF culture solution for improving sperm motility of mice

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009096101A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-08-06 Central Institute For Experimental Animals Method for introducing foreign gene into early embryo of primate animal, and method for production of transgenic primate animal comprising the introduction method
US8592643B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2013-11-26 Central Institute For Experimental Animals Methods for introducing a human gene into a marmoset embryo for making a transgenic marmoset
US9453242B2 (en) 2010-09-13 2016-09-27 National Univeristy Corporation Kumamoto University Method and culture medium for preparing mammalian ovum or embryo in which zona pellucida has been thinned or eliminated, and method for fertilization using mammalian ovum prepared by same method
US9994868B2 (en) 2010-09-13 2018-06-12 National University Corporation Kumamoto University Method and culture medium for preparing mammalian ovum or embryo in which zona pellucida has been thinned or eliminated, and method for fertilization using mammalian ovum prepared by same method
CN114686423A (en) * 2022-04-29 2022-07-01 南京优而生物科技发展有限公司 Preparation method of HTF culture solution for improving sperm motility of mice

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