JP2004091062A - Method of detecting swing angle of crane - Google Patents

Method of detecting swing angle of crane Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004091062A
JP2004091062A JP2002251167A JP2002251167A JP2004091062A JP 2004091062 A JP2004091062 A JP 2004091062A JP 2002251167 A JP2002251167 A JP 2002251167A JP 2002251167 A JP2002251167 A JP 2002251167A JP 2004091062 A JP2004091062 A JP 2004091062A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
spreader
rope
crane
swing angle
angle
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JP2002251167A
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JP2004091062A5 (en
JP4174659B2 (en
Inventor
Toshinori Kanetani
金谷 利憲
Naoki Fujioka
藤岡 直樹
Hidemasa Yoshihara
吉原 秀政
Sun Ki Suru
スル スン キ
Yon Saku Kim
キム ヨン サク
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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Priority to JP2002251167A priority Critical patent/JP4174659B2/en
Priority to CNB031559026A priority patent/CN1298609C/en
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Publication of JP2004091062A5 publication Critical patent/JP2004091062A5/ja
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of detecting the swing angle of a crane by use of an inexpensive and simple inclinometer. <P>SOLUTION: The method of detecting the swing angle of a crane is for detecting the swing angle of the rope of a container crane or the like that hoists cargo using a wire rope 7 to transport it. Electric power and signal lines can be supplied to a spreader 4. An inclinometer 3 is installed at the spreader and a head block to detect the horizontal inclination of the spreader. If the rope does not sag while the spreader is swinging, the swing angle of the spreader is calculated based on the detected inclination angle of the spreader. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、コンテナクレーンの吊り荷の振れ角の検出方法に関するもので、特に振れ角検出精度を持ちかつクレーンシステムのコストダウンに寄与する吊り荷の振れ角検出方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来のコンテナクレーンは、吊り荷となるコンテナを海上運送から陸上運送、陸上運送から海上運送、もしくは陸上運送から陸上運送するためにコンテナの積み下ろし作業を行うクレーンである。こうしたコンテナクレーンが積み下ろし作業を行う際に、吊り荷に振れが生じるとコンテナ運搬作業の時間的効率が非常に悪くなり、人件費が嵩み、物流全体に対しても時間がかかる結果となる。
このようなコンテナクレーンの吊り荷の振れに対しては、例えば、トロリー台車にCCDカメラ等のビジョンセンサを設置して、撮影した画像をコンピュータにより画像処理して直接スプレッダ(又はその下に取付けるヘッドブロック)の振れ角を検出する等の方法により、吊り荷の振れを抑制していた(例えば、特開2000−143147号公報(図2))。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、ビジョンセンサシステムは価格、耐久性、メンテナンスの面を考慮すると非常にコストのかかるシステムであり、近年のクレーンシステムのコストダウンに対し徐々に適さないシステムとなっているという問題があった。
従って、本発明の目的は、スプレッダの振れ止めを行うシステムに対してビジョンセンサシステムと同程度の吊り荷の振れ角検出精度を持ち、クレーンシステムのコストダウンに適用した吊り荷の振れ角検出方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載のクレーンの振れ角検出方法の発明は、ワイヤロープで荷物を吊り上げて運搬するコンテナクレーン等のロープ振れ角を検出するクレーンの振れ角検出方法において、スプレッダに電力及び信号線の供給を可能とし、スプレッダ及びヘッドブロックに傾斜計を設置して、スプレッダの水平方向の傾斜を検出し、前記スプレッダに振れがある場合にロープが弛まないとすれば、スプレッダ傾斜の検出角度よりスプレッダの振れ角を算出することを特徴としている。
このクレーンの振れ角検出方法によれば、スプレッダに傾斜計が設置できる場合には、傾斜計をスプレッダに設置して直接傾斜角δを検出し、その場合のスプレッダ吊りロープ先端の軌跡から簡単な三角関数の演算により、振れ角θを求めることができる。
また、請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載のクレーンの振れ角検出方法において、トロリー横行方向に対して前後に一つずつの傾斜計をそれぞれロープに設置することによりロープの振れ角を検出して、前記ロープの振れ角から演算によりスプレッダの振れ角を算出することを特徴としている。
このクレーンの振れ角検出方法によれば、スプレッダに電力線、信号線が供給できない状況で傾斜計が設置できないケースでも、前後のロープに傾斜計をそれぞれ設置して、簡単な三角関数演算により振れ角θを求めることができる。
【0005】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明の第1の実施の形態について図を参照して詳しく説明する。
図1は本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る振れ角を検出するクレーンの斜視図である。
図2は図1に示すロープに懸吊されるスプレッダの正面図である。
図3は図2に示すスプレッダの振れ角検出法の説明図である。
図1において、1はレール5上を横行可能なトロリーであり、巻上用ドラム6によりワイヤロープ7を巻上げ、繰出すことで、懸吊しているスプレッダ4を昇降可能としている。2は後述の第3の実施の形態で使用されるロープに設置される傾斜計であり、3が本実施の形態で使用されるスプレッダ4上に設置された傾斜計である。傾斜計3には、ひずみゲージ式、差動トランス式、サーボ式、電磁センサ式などが実用化されているので、それを用いればよい。
【0006】
つぎに動作について説明する。
図2はトロリー1の横行方向正面から見たスプレッダ4の正面図であり、スプレッダ4は上方2個のドラム6によりワイヤロープ7を介して懸吊されている状態を示している。
この図2のようなスプレッダ4の吊り方の場合は、傾斜計3の検出値から図3に示すように、スプレッダ振れ角θはスプレッダ4の水平方向との傾き角δ(傾斜計の検出角)と、トロリー1上のロープ間隔(ドラム間隔)a、スプレッダ4上のロープ間隔(ドラム間隔)bを用いて、次のように求めることができる。
先ず、図3に示すように、図2に対応するロープ間隔をa、その中点のxy座標を(0,0)として両端のxy座標を(−a/2,0)、(+a/2、0)、スプレッダ4のロープ間隔をb、xy座標を(x1、y1)、(x2、y2)、ロープ長をl、傾斜計3の検出角δ、求めるスプレッダ振れ角θとすると、
スプレッダ4の軌跡を定式化すれば、(x1、y1)、(x2、y2)点の軌跡は、それぞれ点線で示す半径lとする円軌跡となるので、次のような連立式が得られる。
【0007】
【数1】

Figure 2004091062
次に、スプレッダ4が傾斜して傾斜計3の検出値δの場合、その角δ、斜辺をbとする三角形を想定すれば、三角関数の性質から次式が成立する。
【0008】
【数2】
Figure 2004091062
【0009】
スプレッダ吊りロープ先端の軌跡より、
【数3】
Figure 2004091062
【0010】
以上の式(1)〜(4)より、スプレッダ4の振れ角θは、
【数4】
Figure 2004091062
この求めたスプレッダ4の振れ角θをフィードバックして、振れ角θが0になるようにトロリー速度等を制御する。
【0011】
次に、本発明の第2の実施の形態について図を参照して説明する。
図4は本発明の第2の実施の形態に係るロープに懸吊されるスプレッダの正面図である。
図5は図4に示すスプレッダの振れ角検出法の説明図である。
第1と第2の実施の形態は、共に、請求項1に相当するものであるが、第2の実施の形態は図4に示すようにドラム8を増設して、より安定にスプレッダ4を保持するようにしたものであり、図5に示すように、ドラム6間の間隔を2a、ドラム8径は2cとなるので、この場合の座標は、それぞれ(−a、0)、(+a,0)に、(−c,0)、(+c,0)が加わり、ワイヤー長はl1、l2となる。
また、y軸の方向が図3とは逆になっている。その他の前実施の形態と同一構成には同一符号を付して重複する説明は省略する。
前実施の形態と同様に、スプレッダ4の軌跡を定式化すると、
【数5】
Figure 2004091062
【0012】
更に、傾斜計3による検出角δで形成され斜辺bとする三角形に着目すると、次式が成立する。
【数6】
Figure 2004091062
【0013】
スプレッダ4の吊りロープ先端の軌跡より、
【数7】
Figure 2004091062
【0014】
以上の(6)〜(10)式より、スプレッダの振れ角は、
【数8】
Figure 2004091062
この求めたスプレッダ4の振れ角θをフィードバックして、振れ角θが0になるようにトロリー速度等を制御する。
【0015】
次に、本発明の第3の実施の形態について図を参照して説明する。
図6は本発明の第3の実施の形態に係るスプレッダの振れ角検出法の説明図である。
図6に示す第3の実施の形態は請求項2に相当し、スプレッダ4上に電力線、信号出力線が配置できない状況で、スプレッダ4上に傾斜計が配置できない場合であって、図1に示すように傾斜計2a、2bを、所定のロープ位置7a、7bのように、横行方向の正面から見て前後の対角線のロープ位置に設置する例であり、ワイヤロープの振れに伴ってロープの振れα、βを検出するようになっている。
なお、図1、図2、図4については前実施の形態と共通使用となる。
更に、スプレッダ4の吊り方について、本実施の形態では図2の吊り方と、図4の吊り方の双方に適用されるものである。
【0016】
つぎに動作について説明する。
図5に示すように、同様にしてスプレッダ4の軌跡を定式化すれば、
【数9】
Figure 2004091062
【0017】
スプレッダ吊りロープ先端の軌跡より、
【数10】
Figure 2004091062
【0018】
以上の(12)、(13)式よりスプレッダ振れ角θは、
【数11】
Figure 2004091062
この求めたスプレッダ4の振れ角θをフィードバックしてロープを調整し、振れ角θが0になるようにトロリー速度等を制御する。
【0019】
このように本発明はビジョンセンサを用いること無く、傾斜計を用いてスプレッダの振れ角θを傾斜計の検出値δ、若しくはα、βより簡単で迅速な演算により求めることができるので、確実で実用性の高い振れ角検出システムを構成できる。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、傾斜計を用いた安価な構成により、スプレッダの傾斜角を検出して簡単な演算で吊り荷の振れ角を求めることができるので、従来のビジョンセンサ・システムに比較して、価格、耐久性、メンテナンスの面で優れたクレーンの振れ角検出システムを構成できるという効果がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る振れ角を検出するクレーンの斜視図である。
【図2】図1に示すロープに懸吊されるスプレッダの正面図である。
【図3】図2に示すスプレッダの振れ角検出法の説明図である。
【図4】本発明の第2の実施の形態に係るロープに懸吊されるスプレッダの正面図である。
【図5】図4に示すスプレッダの振れ角検出法の説明図である。
【図6】第3の実施の形態に係るスプレッダの振れ角検出法の説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 トロリー
2、3 傾斜計
4 スプレッダ
5 レール
6、8 巻上げドラム
7 ロープ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of detecting a swing angle of a suspended load of a container crane, and more particularly to a method of detecting a swing angle of a suspended load having a swing angle detection accuracy and contributing to cost reduction of a crane system.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art A conventional container crane is a crane for loading and unloading containers to transport a container serving as a suspended load from sea transportation to land transportation, land transportation to sea transportation, or land transportation to land transportation. When such a container crane performs a loading / unloading operation, if the suspended load swings, the time efficiency of the container transporting operation becomes very poor, the labor cost increases, and the whole logistics takes a long time.
For such a swing of the suspended load of the container crane, for example, a vision sensor such as a CCD camera is installed on a trolley, and the captured image is image-processed by a computer and the spreader (or a head mounted under the spreader) is processed directly. The swing of the suspended load is suppressed by a method such as detecting the swing angle of the block (for example, JP-A-2000-143147 (FIG. 2)).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the vision sensor system is a very expensive system in consideration of price, durability and maintenance, and has a problem that it is gradually unsuitable for the recent cost reduction of the crane system.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting a swing angle of a suspended load applied to a system for performing steadying of a spreader, which has a swing angle detection accuracy of a suspended load comparable to that of a vision sensor system, and which is applied to cost reduction of a crane system. Is to provide.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, an invention of a method for detecting a swing angle of a crane according to claim 1 is a method for detecting a swing angle of a crane that detects a swing angle of a rope such as a container crane that lifts and transports a load with a wire rope. If power and signal lines can be supplied to the spreader, an inclinometer is installed on the spreader and the head block, the horizontal inclination of the spreader is detected, and if the spreader has a runout, if the rope does not slack, It is characterized in that the deflection angle of the spreader is calculated from the detection angle of the spreader inclination.
According to this crane deflection angle detection method, if an inclinometer can be installed on the spreader, the inclinometer is installed on the spreader and the inclination angle δ is directly detected, and a simple trajectory of the spreader suspension rope tip in that case is used. By calculating a trigonometric function, the deflection angle θ can be obtained.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the crane deflection angle detection method according to the first aspect, wherein one inclinometer is provided on each of the ropes before and after the trolley in the traversing direction, and the deflection of the rope is determined. The angle is detected, and the swing angle of the spreader is calculated by calculation from the swing angle of the rope.
According to this method of detecting the swing angle of the crane, even if the inclinometer cannot be installed in a situation where the power line and the signal line cannot be supplied to the spreader, the inclinometer is installed on each of the front and rear ropes, and the swing angle is calculated by simple trigonometric functions. θ can be obtained.
[0005]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crane for detecting a deflection angle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the spreader suspended on the rope shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the spreader deflection angle detection method shown in FIG.
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a trolley that can traverse on a rail 5. The hoisting drum 6 winds and unwinds a wire rope 7 so that the suspended spreader 4 can be raised and lowered. Reference numeral 2 denotes an inclinometer installed on a rope used in a third embodiment described later, and reference numeral 3 denotes an inclinometer installed on a spreader 4 used in the present embodiment. As the inclinometer 3, a strain gauge type, a differential transformer type, a servo type, an electromagnetic sensor type, or the like has been put into practical use, and it may be used.
[0006]
Next, the operation will be described.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the spreader 4 as viewed from the front in the transverse direction of the trolley 1, and shows a state where the spreader 4 is suspended by two upper drums 6 via a wire rope 7.
In the case where the spreader 4 is suspended as shown in FIG. 2, the spreader deflection angle θ is determined from the detected value of the inclinometer 3 as shown in FIG. ), And the rope interval (drum interval) a on the trolley 1 and the rope interval (drum interval) b on the spreader 4 can be obtained as follows.
First, as shown in FIG. 3, the distance between the ropes corresponding to FIG. 2 is a, the xy coordinates of the middle point are (0, 0), and the xy coordinates at both ends are (−a / 2, 0), (+ a / 2). , 0), the rope interval of the spreader 4 is b, the xy coordinates are (x1, y1), (x2, y2), the rope length is 1, the detection angle δ of the inclinometer 3, and the desired spreader deflection angle θ.
If the trajectory of the spreader 4 is formulated, the trajectory of the (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) points is a circular trajectory having a radius l indicated by a dotted line, so that the following simultaneous equation is obtained.
[0007]
(Equation 1)
Figure 2004091062
Next, in the case where the spreader 4 is inclined and the detected value δ of the inclinometer 3 is used, assuming a triangle having the angle δ and the hypotenuse b, the following equation is established from the properties of the trigonometric function.
[0008]
(Equation 2)
Figure 2004091062
[0009]
From the trajectory of the spreader hanging rope tip,
[Equation 3]
Figure 2004091062
[0010]
From the above equations (1) to (4), the deflection angle θ of the spreader 4 is
(Equation 4)
Figure 2004091062
The obtained swing angle θ of the spreader 4 is fed back to control the trolley speed and the like so that the swing angle θ becomes zero.
[0011]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 4 is a front view of a spreader suspended on a rope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the spreader deflection angle detection method shown in FIG.
The first and second embodiments both correspond to claim 1. However, in the second embodiment, the spreader 4 is more stably mounted by adding a drum 8 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the interval between the drums 6 is 2a, and the diameter of the drum 8 is 2c, so that the coordinates in this case are (-a, 0), (+ a, (0), (−c, 0) and (+ c, 0) are added, and the wire lengths are 11 and 12.
The direction of the y-axis is opposite to that in FIG. The same components as those of the previous embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.
Formulating the trajectory of the spreader 4 as in the previous embodiment,
(Equation 5)
Figure 2004091062
[0012]
Further, when attention is paid to a triangle formed by the inclination angle 3 by the inclinometer 3 and the hypotenuse b, the following equation is established.
(Equation 6)
Figure 2004091062
[0013]
From the trail of the suspension rope tip of spreader 4,
(Equation 7)
Figure 2004091062
[0014]
From the above equations (6) to (10), the deflection angle of the spreader is
(Equation 8)
Figure 2004091062
The obtained swing angle θ of the spreader 4 is fed back to control the trolley speed and the like so that the swing angle θ becomes zero.
[0015]
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a spreader deflection angle detection method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
The third embodiment shown in FIG. 6 corresponds to claim 2 in which a power line and a signal output line cannot be arranged on the spreader 4 and an inclinometer cannot be arranged on the spreader 4, and FIG. As shown in the figure, the inclinometers 2a and 2b are installed at diagonal rope positions in front and rear as viewed from the front in the traversing direction, such as predetermined rope positions 7a and 7b. The shakes α and β are detected.
1, 2 and 4 are used in common with the previous embodiment.
Further, in the present embodiment, the suspension method of the spreader 4 is applied to both the suspension method of FIG. 2 and the suspension method of FIG.
[0016]
Next, the operation will be described.
As shown in FIG. 5, if the locus of the spreader 4 is similarly formulated,
(Equation 9)
Figure 2004091062
[0017]
From the trajectory of the spreader hanging rope tip,
(Equation 10)
Figure 2004091062
[0018]
From the above equations (12) and (13), the spreader deflection angle θ is
[Equation 11]
Figure 2004091062
The rope is adjusted by feeding back the obtained swing angle θ of the spreader 4, and the trolley speed and the like are controlled so that the swing angle θ becomes zero.
[0019]
As described above, according to the present invention, the swing angle θ of the spreader can be obtained by a simple and quick calculation from the detected value δ or α, β of the inclinometer using the inclinometer without using the vision sensor. A highly practical deflection angle detection system can be configured.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, with a low-cost configuration using an inclinometer, the tilt angle of the spreader can be detected and the swing angle of the suspended load can be obtained by a simple calculation. There is an effect that a crane deflection angle detection system that is superior in terms of price, durability, and maintenance can be configured as compared with the system.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crane for detecting a deflection angle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a spreader suspended on a rope shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a method of detecting a deflection angle of the spreader shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a spreader suspended on a rope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a method of detecting a deflection angle of the spreader shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a spreader deflection angle detection method according to a third embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 trolley 2, 3 inclinometer 4 spreader 5 rail 6, 8 hoisting drum 7 rope

Claims (2)

ワイヤロープで荷物を吊り上げて運搬するコンテナクレーン等のロープ振れ角を検出するクレーンの振れ角検出方法において、
スプレッダに電力及び信号線の供給を可能とし、該スプレッダ及びヘッドブロックに傾斜計を設置してスプレッダの水平方向の傾斜を検出し、前記スプレッダに振れがある場合にロープが弛まないとすれば、スプレッダ傾斜の検出角度よりスプレッダの振れ角を算出することを特徴とするクレーンの振れ角検出方法。
In a crane deflection angle detection method for detecting a rope deflection angle of a container crane or the like that lifts and transports luggage with a wire rope,
If power and signal lines can be supplied to the spreader, an inclinometer is installed on the spreader and the head block to detect the horizontal inclination of the spreader, and if the spreader does not swing, the rope does not slack. A method for detecting a deflection angle of a crane, comprising calculating a deflection angle of a spreader from a detection angle of a spreader inclination.
トロリー横行方向に対して前後に一つずつの傾斜計をそれぞれロープに設置することによりロープの振れ角を検出して、前記ロープの振れ角から演算によりスプレッダの振れ角を算出することを特徴とする請求項1記載のクレーンの振れ角検出方法。The swing angle of the spreader is calculated by detecting the swing angle of the rope by installing one inclinometer on each rope before and after in the trolley traverse direction, and calculating the swing angle of the spreader from the swing angle of the rope. The method for detecting a swing angle of a crane according to claim 1.
JP2002251167A 2002-08-29 2002-08-29 Crane swing angle detection method and crane swing angle detection system Expired - Lifetime JP4174659B2 (en)

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