JP2003255288A - Optical attenuator modulator - Google Patents
Optical attenuator modulatorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003255288A JP2003255288A JP2002054692A JP2002054692A JP2003255288A JP 2003255288 A JP2003255288 A JP 2003255288A JP 2002054692 A JP2002054692 A JP 2002054692A JP 2002054692 A JP2002054692 A JP 2002054692A JP 2003255288 A JP2003255288 A JP 2003255288A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic field
- electromagnet
- optical attenuator
- yoke
- rotation angle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/48—Variable attenuator
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ファラデー回転角
可変装置の光軸上に偏光子を配置した可変光アッテネー
タ構造の磁気光学デバイスに関し、更に詳しく述べる
と、ファラデー素子の回転角を制御する電磁石のヨーク
に高飽和磁束密度フェライトを使用し、可変光減衰機能
を備え且つ高周波の電気的信号によって任意の光減衰状
態で透過光信号強度を変調可能とした光アッテネータ変
調器に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a magneto-optical device having a variable optical attenuator structure in which a polarizer is arranged on the optical axis of a Faraday rotation angle varying device, and more specifically, an electromagnet for controlling the rotation angle of a Faraday element. The present invention relates to an optical attenuator modulator which uses a high saturation magnetic flux density ferrite for the yoke, has a variable optical attenuation function, and is capable of modulating the transmitted optical signal intensity in an arbitrary optical attenuation state by a high frequency electric signal.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】光アッテネータは、光通信システムある
いは光計測システムなどにおいて透過光量を制御するデ
バイスであり、ファラデー回転角可変装置の光軸上の前
後（入力側と出力側）に偏光子と検光子を配置する構成
が一般的である。組み込まれているファラデー回転角可
変装置は、ファラデー素子（ファラデー効果を有する磁
性ガーネット単結晶膜など）に電磁石などにより外部磁
界を印加し、その外部印加磁界を変化させることによ
り、ファラデー素子を透過する光ビームの偏波面のファ
ラデー回転角を制御するものである。光アッテネータで
は、このファラデー回転角の制御によって、光の減衰量
を可変制御する。2. Description of the Related Art An optical attenuator is a device for controlling the amount of transmitted light in an optical communication system or an optical measurement system. It is common to arrange photons. The built-in variable Faraday rotation angle device applies an external magnetic field to a Faraday element (such as a magnetic garnet single crystal film having the Faraday effect) by an electromagnet and changes the externally applied magnetic field to transmit the Faraday element. It controls the Faraday rotation angle of the polarization plane of the light beam. The optical attenuator variably controls the light attenuation amount by controlling the Faraday rotation angle.
【０００３】ここで電磁石は、珪素鋼からなるＣ型のヨ
ークにコイルを巻装した構造となっており、ヨークの空
隙部にファラデー素子が挿入される。ヨークに珪素鋼を
用いているのは、それが直流電流において飽和磁束密度
が高く、小型で高磁界が得られる材料だからである。Here, the electromagnet has a structure in which a coil is wound around a C-shaped yoke made of silicon steel, and a Faraday element is inserted in the void portion of the yoke. The reason why the silicon steel is used for the yoke is that it is a material that has a high saturation magnetic flux density in a direct current, is small, and can obtain a high magnetic field.
【０００４】他方、光変調器は、透過する光ビームを電
気的信号によって変調する（電気的信号と同じ形の光信
号に制御する）デバイスである。変調方式には、電気光
学変調、磁気光学変調、音響光学変調などがあるが、高
周波変調が必要な場合に現在一般に利用されているのは
ポッケルス効果やカー効果を利用する電気光学変調方式
である。On the other hand, an optical modulator is a device that modulates a transmitted light beam by an electrical signal (controls the optical signal into the same optical signal as the electrical signal). Modulation methods include electro-optic modulation, magneto-optic modulation, acousto-optic modulation, etc., but when high frequency modulation is required, the electro-optic modulation method that currently uses the Pockels effect or Kerr effect is commonly used. .
【０００５】ところで磁気光学変調方式の光変調器とし
て、光アイソレータを利用する構成が提案されている。
ここで、光アイソレータの可変磁界発生器としては電磁
石が用いられる。電磁石に通電したときはアイソレータ
を光ビームが通過し、電磁石への電流を遮断したときは
光ビームの通過が阻止される。このようにして、電気的
信号のオン／オフにより、光信号もオン／オフされてデ
ジタル的な光変調がなされる。可変磁界発生器として、
可動構造の永久磁石を用いる場合もある。By the way, a configuration utilizing an optical isolator has been proposed as a magneto-optical modulation type optical modulator.
Here, an electromagnet is used as the variable magnetic field generator of the optical isolator. The light beam passes through the isolator when the electromagnet is energized, and is blocked when the current to the electromagnet is cut off. In this way, by turning on / off the electrical signal, the optical signal is also turned on / off, and digital optical modulation is performed. As a variable magnetic field generator,
In some cases, a permanent magnet having a movable structure is used.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来のファラデー回転
角可変装置では、前記のように、電磁石のヨークに珪素
鋼を使用している。可変光アッテネータでは、通常、電
磁石コイルの駆動電流には直流に近い電流変化しか要求
されないので、このヨーク材が好ましく、この構造で何
ら支障なく動作する。光アイソレータを利用する光変調
器の場合も、高周波領域では電気光学変調方式が採用さ
れることもあって、ごく低周波領域での変調が試みられ
ているにすぎない。As described above, the conventional Faraday rotation angle varying device uses silicon steel for the yoke of the electromagnet. In the variable optical attenuator, since the driving current of the electromagnet coil generally requires only a current change close to direct current, this yoke material is preferable, and this structure can be operated without any trouble. Also in the case of an optical modulator using an optical isolator, the electro-optic modulation method is adopted in the high frequency region, so that the modulation in the very low frequency region is only attempted.
【０００７】しかし、これら従来の磁気光学デバイスで
は、高周波領域（例えば１０ｋＨｚ以上）でファラデー
回転角を高速可変しようとしても、動作が困難であっ
た。その理由は、供給する交流駆動電流の周波数を高く
していくと、１ｋＨｚ程度から損失（渦電流損失）が増
加しはじめ、Ｂ−Ｈ特性が急激に劣化し、インダクタン
スが減少して変調特性が低下するためである。また、周
波数が高くなるにつれてインピーダンスが増加し、消費
電力が急激に増えるためである。However, these conventional magneto-optical devices are difficult to operate even if the Faraday rotation angle is changed at a high speed in a high frequency region (for example, 10 kHz or more). The reason is that as the frequency of the AC drive current to be supplied is increased, the loss (eddy current loss) starts to increase from about 1 kHz, the B-H characteristic is rapidly deteriorated, the inductance is decreased, and the modulation characteristic is reduced. This is because it will decrease. Also, as the frequency becomes higher, the impedance increases and the power consumption sharply increases.
【０００８】本発明の目的は、可変減衰機能と光変調機
能を併せ持ち、周波数１０ｋＨｚ以上の電気的信号でも
変調できる光アッテネータ変調器を提供することであ
る。本発明の他の目的は、磁気光学方式で可動部が無い
ため信頼性が高く、特に高信頼性が要求される海底光通
信用の可変減衰器及び変調器として有用な光アッテネー
タ変調器を提供することである。An object of the present invention is to provide an optical attenuator modulator which has both a variable attenuation function and an optical modulation function and which can modulate even an electric signal having a frequency of 10 kHz or more. Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical attenuator modulator useful as a variable attenuator and modulator for submarine optical communication that is highly reliable because it has no moving parts in a magneto-optical system, and particularly requires high reliability. It is to be.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、ファラデー素
子を透過する光の偏波面の回転角を電磁石による可変磁
界によって可変するファラデー回転角可変装置と、その
光軸上の前後に配置した偏光子及び検光子を具備し、前
記電磁石は、そのヨークが軟磁性フェライトからなり、
該ヨークに巻装したコイルに高周波変調信号を供給する
光アッテネータ変調器である。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a Faraday rotation angle varying device for varying the rotation angle of the plane of polarization of light passing through a Faraday element by a variable magnetic field by an electromagnet, and polarizations arranged in front of and behind the optical axis. And an electromagnet, the yoke of the electromagnet is made of soft magnetic ferrite,
An optical attenuator modulator for supplying a high frequency modulation signal to a coil wound around the yoke.
【００１０】また本発明は、ファラデー素子を透過する
光の偏波面の回転角を電磁石による可変磁界によって可
変するファラデー回転角可変装置と、その光軸上の前後
に配置した偏光子及びミラーを具備し、前記電磁石は、
そのヨークが軟磁性フェライトからなり、該ヨークに巻
装したコイルに高周波変調信号を供給する光アッテネー
タ変調器である。このような反射型でもよく、その場合
に偏光子が反射光に対しては検光子として機能すること
になる。Further, the present invention comprises a Faraday rotation angle varying device for varying the rotation angle of the plane of polarization of the light transmitted through the Faraday element by a variable magnetic field by an electromagnet, and a polarizer and a mirror arranged in front of and behind the optical axis. However, the electromagnet is
The yoke is made of soft magnetic ferrite, and is an optical attenuator modulator that supplies a high frequency modulation signal to a coil wound around the yoke. Such a reflection type may be used, in which case the polarizer functions as an analyzer for reflected light.
【００１１】上記の構成において、更に固定磁界印加手
段を付設し、ファラデー素子に対して前記可変磁界と異
なる方向に固定磁界を印加して磁気飽和させておくのが
好ましい。In the above structure, it is preferable that a fixed magnetic field applying means is further provided and a fixed magnetic field is applied to the Faraday element in a direction different from the variable magnetic field to cause magnetic saturation.
【００１２】更に本発明は、第１の永久磁石と、複屈折
結晶板からなる偏光子と、ファラデー素子を透過する光
の偏波面の回転角を電磁石による可変磁界によって可変
するファラデー回転角可変装置と、複屈折結晶板からな
る検光子と、第２の永久磁石を具備し、前記電磁石は、
そのヨークが軟磁性フェライトからなり、該ヨークに巻
装したコイルに高周波変調信号を供給する光アッテネー
タ変調器である。第１及び第２の永久磁石は、例えばリ
ング状で高さ方向に着磁されているものとし、光軸上の
前後に同じ向きに配置してファラデー素子に光軸方向の
固定磁界を印加する構成とする。Further, according to the present invention, a Faraday rotation angle varying device for varying the rotation angle of the polarization plane of the light transmitted through the first permanent magnet, the birefringent crystal plate and the Faraday element by the variable magnetic field of the electromagnet. And an analyzer comprising a birefringent crystal plate and a second permanent magnet, wherein the electromagnet is
The yoke is made of soft magnetic ferrite, and is an optical attenuator modulator that supplies a high frequency modulation signal to a coil wound around the yoke. The first and second permanent magnets are, for example, ring-shaped and magnetized in the height direction, and are arranged in the same direction in the front and rear on the optical axis to apply a fixed magnetic field in the optical axis direction to the Faraday element. The configuration.
【００１３】これらの電磁石のコイルには、減衰量制御
用の直流バイアス信号に高周波変調信号を重畳した電気
的信号を供給する。勿論、複数の電磁石を組み合わせた
り、複数のコイルを組み込んでもよいが、大型化したり
構造が複雑になるため、前記のように信号を重畳する構
成の方が好ましい。To the coils of these electromagnets, an electric signal in which a high frequency modulation signal is superimposed on a DC bias signal for controlling the attenuation amount is supplied. Of course, a plurality of electromagnets may be combined or a plurality of coils may be incorporated, but since the size becomes large and the structure becomes complicated, the configuration in which signals are superimposed as described above is preferable.
【００１４】電磁石のヨークとなる軟磁性フェライト
は、Ｍｎ−Ｚｎ系、Ｎｉ−Ｚｎ系、あるいはＭｇ−Ｚｎ
系のいずれかの高飽和磁束密度材である。これらの高飽
和磁束密度フェライトは、周波数１０ｋＨｚにおいても
未飽和域ではＢ−Ｈ特性の直線性がよく高周波での応答
性に優れている。またインピーダンス（Ｒｓ）が安定し
ており、小電力で駆動できる。The soft magnetic ferrite used as the yoke of the electromagnet is Mn-Zn type, Ni-Zn type, or Mg-Zn type.
Any high saturation flux density material of the system. These high saturation magnetic flux density ferrites have good linearity of B-H characteristics in the unsaturated region even at a frequency of 10 kHz and excellent responsiveness at high frequencies. Further, the impedance (Rs) is stable, and it can be driven with a small electric power.
【００１５】電磁石は、それぞれの先端面がファラデー
素子に当接するように対称的に配置された一対のＬ型コ
アと、それらの後端面が当接するＩ型コアとの組み合わ
せからなるヨークを有し、前記Ｌ型コアにコイルが巻装
されている構造が好ましい。ヨークとファラデー素子と
の間に０．１mmを超えるギャップが存在すると、所望の
特性が得られない恐れがあるが、上記のような構造とす
ることにより、組立精度及び作業性が向上し、特性低下
を防止できる。特に、Ｌ型コアの先端近傍部分を、比較
的大きな断面形状からファラデー素子の外形に向かって
先細となるようなテーパ形状にすると、前記ファラデー
素子に磁界を集中できるため更に好ましい。The electromagnet has a yoke which is a combination of a pair of L-shaped cores symmetrically arranged so that their front end surfaces contact the Faraday element, and an I-shaped core whose rear end surfaces contact. A structure in which a coil is wound around the L-shaped core is preferable. If there is a gap of more than 0.1 mm between the yoke and the Faraday element, the desired characteristics may not be obtained, but with the above structure, the assembly accuracy and workability are improved, and the characteristics are improved. It can prevent the deterioration. In particular, it is further preferable that the portion near the tip of the L-shaped core has a tapered shape that tapers from the relatively large cross-sectional shape toward the outer shape of the Faraday element, because the magnetic field can be concentrated on the Faraday element.
【００１６】軟磁性フェライトは、ＦＲ２５／１５／５
（外径／内径／高さ）の標準リングコアによる測定で、
１０００Ａ／ｍの磁界に対して飽和磁束密度が４００ｍ
Ｔ以上、周波数１００ｋＨｚ以下における初透磁率の低
下が１０％以下、周波数１００ｋＨｚにおける相対損失
係数（ tanδ／μｉ）が１×１０-4以下であるものが好
ましい。Soft magnetic ferrite is FR25 / 15/5
(Outer diameter / inner diameter / height) measured with a standard ring core,
Saturation magnetic flux density is 400m for magnetic field of 1000A / m
It is preferable that the initial magnetic permeability is 10% or less at a frequency of T or more and 100 kHz or less, and the relative loss coefficient (tan δ / μi) at a frequency of 100 kHz is 1 × 10 −4 or less.
【００１７】またファラデー回転角可変装置は、周波数
１０ｋＨｚにおいて電流値４０ｍＡ以下では磁気飽和が
生じないものが好ましい。一般に光アッテネータでは、
２０ｄＢ以上のアッテネーション（減衰）が得られる駆
動電流値が約４０ｍＡ付近となるように設計されてい
る。これは、駆動電流に対してアッテネーションを制御
し易くするためである。よって、光アッテネータに対し
て、駆動電流値４０ｍＡ以下ではフェライトヨークが磁
気飽和しないような材質とすることが好ましいのであ
る。Further, it is preferable that the Faraday rotation angle varying device does not cause magnetic saturation at a current value of 40 mA or less at a frequency of 10 kHz. Generally in optical attenuators,
It is designed so that the drive current value with which attenuation (attenuation) of 20 dB or more is obtained is around 40 mA. This is because it is easy to control the attenuation with respect to the drive current. Therefore, it is preferable that the ferrite yoke is made of a material that is not magnetically saturated at a drive current value of 40 mA or less with respect to the optical attenuator.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】図１は本発明に係る光アッテネータ変調器の
一実施例を示す説明図であり、Ａは全体構成を、Ｂはフ
ァラデー回転角可変装置の部分を示している。光アッテ
ネータ変調器は、第１の永久磁石１０と、偏光子１２
と、ファラデー素子１４を透過する光の偏波面の回転角
を電磁石１６による可変磁界によって可変するファラデ
ー回転角可変装置１８と、検光子２０と、第２の永久磁
石２２を有している。FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an embodiment of an optical attenuator modulator according to the present invention, in which A is the entire structure and B is the Faraday rotation angle varying device. The optical attenuator modulator includes a first permanent magnet 10 and a polarizer 12
The Faraday rotation angle varying device 18 for varying the rotation angle of the plane of polarization of the light passing through the Faraday element 14 by the variable magnetic field generated by the electromagnet 16, the analyzer 20, and the second permanent magnet 22.
【００１９】ここで偏光子１２と検光子２０は、ファラ
デー回転角可変装置１８の光軸（破線で示す）上の前後
（入力側と出力側）に配置される。これら偏光子１２及
び検光子２０は、ルチルなどの複屈折結晶板からなる。
ファラデー素子１４は、例えばＢｉ置換希土類鉄ガーネ
ットＬＰＥ結晶膜などからなる。第１及び第２の永久磁
石１０，２２は、リング状で高さ方向（図では光軸方
向）に着磁されているものであり、光軸上の前後に同じ
磁化方向で配置することでファラデー素子１４に光軸方
向の固定磁界を印加する構成とする。Here, the polarizer 12 and the analyzer 20 are arranged in front of and behind (on the input side and the output side) on the optical axis (shown by the broken line) of the Faraday rotation angle varying device 18. The polarizer 12 and the analyzer 20 are made of a birefringent crystal plate such as rutile.
The Faraday element 14 is made of, for example, a Bi-substituted rare earth iron garnet LPE crystal film. The first and second permanent magnets 10 and 22 are ring-shaped and are magnetized in the height direction (optical axis direction in the figure), and by arranging them in the same magnetization direction before and after on the optical axis. The Faraday element 14 is configured to apply a fixed magnetic field in the optical axis direction.
【００２０】電磁石１６は、ファラデー素子１４に磁界
を集中して印加するＣ型状のヨーク２４と、該ヨーク２
４に巻装したコイル２６からなる。本発明では、そのヨ
ーク２４が高飽和磁束密度の軟磁性フェライトからな
り、該ヨーク２４に巻装したコイル２６に、変調駆動回
路２８から直流電流に重畳した高周波変調信号が供給さ
れる構造をなしている。本実施例で使用しているフェラ
イトは、Ｍｎ−Ｚｎ系の材料であり、標準リングコア
（ＦＲ２５／１５／５：外径／内径／高さ）で、１００
０Ａ／ｍの磁界に対して飽和磁束密度が４００ｍＴ以上
あり、周波数１００ｋＨｚにおいて相対損失係数（ tan
δ／μｉ）が１×１０-4以下のものである。The electromagnet 16 includes a C-shaped yoke 24 for applying a magnetic field to the Faraday element 14 in a concentrated manner, and the yoke 2
The coil 26 is wound around 4. In the present invention, the yoke 24 is made of soft magnetic ferrite having a high saturation magnetic flux density, and the coil 26 wound around the yoke 24 is supplied with the high frequency modulation signal superimposed on the direct current from the modulation drive circuit 28. ing. The ferrite used in this example is a Mn—Zn-based material, and has a standard ring core (FR25 / 15/5: outer diameter / inner diameter / height) of 100.
The saturation magnetic flux density is 400 mT or more for a magnetic field of 0 A / m, and the relative loss coefficient (tan
δ / μi) is 1 × 10 −4 or less.
【００２１】図１に示す光アッテネータ変調器におい
て、その基本となる光アッテネータ機能は、前後の永久
磁石１０，２２による光軸方向の固定磁界によって磁気
飽和しているファラデー素子１４を、電磁石１６による
横方向（光軸に垂直な方向）の可変磁界で磁化方向を変
化することによって得ているため、ファラデー素子１４
には必要十分な可変磁界が作用する必要がある。もしヨ
ーク２４が磁気飽和すると、ファラデー素子１４に印加
される横磁界（電磁石による可変磁界）が不十分となり
ファラデー回転角可変量が頭打ちしてしまい、それ以上
のアッテネーションは得られなくなる。ヨークが珪素鋼
の場合、飽和磁束密度は１０００ｍＴ以上あり直流駆動
では十分であるが、もし変調器として１ｋＨｚ以上の周
波数で交流駆動すると渦電流損失が増加するため機能し
ない。他方、ヨークがフェライトの場合、飽和磁束密度
が低いために珪素鋼に比べて磁気飽和し易く材料特性を
十分考慮する必要があるが、反面、１０ｋＨｚ以上の周
波数の交流駆動でも相対損失係数が低いために応答速度
は劣化しない。In the optical attenuator modulator shown in FIG. 1, the basic optical attenuator function is that the Faraday element 14 magnetically saturated by the fixed magnetic field in the optical axis direction by the front and rear permanent magnets 10 and 22 is replaced by the electromagnet 16. The Faraday element 14 is obtained by changing the magnetization direction with a variable magnetic field in the lateral direction (direction perpendicular to the optical axis).
Requires a sufficient and sufficient variable magnetic field to act. If the yoke 24 is magnetically saturated, the lateral magnetic field (variable magnetic field by the electromagnet) applied to the Faraday element 14 becomes insufficient, and the variable amount of the Faraday rotation angle reaches its peak, and further attenuation cannot be obtained. When the yoke is made of silicon steel, the saturation magnetic flux density is 1000 mT or more, and DC driving is sufficient, but if AC driving is performed as a modulator at a frequency of 1 kHz or more, eddy current loss increases and it does not function. On the other hand, when the yoke is ferrite, since the saturation magnetic flux density is low, magnetic saturation tends to occur more easily than in silicon steel, and it is necessary to fully consider the material characteristics, but on the other hand, the relative loss coefficient is low even with AC drive at a frequency of 10 kHz or higher. Therefore, the response speed does not deteriorate.
【００２２】従来用いられている珪素鋼と本発明で用い
るＭｎ−Ｚｎ系フェライトの周波数特性を図２に示す。
珪素鋼は、１ｋＨｚ近傍からインピーダンスＲｓ（渦電
流損失に対応）が増加し、インダクタンスＬｓが低下す
るため、それ以上の周波数ではそれらの特性が急激に劣
化することが分かる。他方、フェライトは、１００ｋＨ
ｚまでインダクタンスＬｓがほぼ一定で、インピーダン
スＲｓの増加もごく僅かである。また、１０ｋＨｚにお
けるＢ−Ｈ特性を観察すると、珪素鋼では磁束密度Ｂ＝
１Ｔでも磁気飽和が生じていないが、Ｂ−Ｈループが太
く磁気損失が大きい。それに対して、フェライトでは磁
束密度Ｂ＝５００ｍＴで磁気飽和が生じるが、未飽和域
ではＢ−Ｈ曲線の直線性が良好である。The frequency characteristics of the conventionally used silicon steel and the Mn-Zn type ferrite used in the present invention are shown in FIG.
Since the impedance Rs (corresponding to the eddy current loss) of silicon steel increases from around 1 kHz and the inductance Ls decreases, it is understood that those characteristics rapidly deteriorate at frequencies higher than that. On the other hand, ferrite is 100kH
The inductance Ls is almost constant up to z, and the increase of the impedance Rs is very small. Further, when observing the B-H characteristics at 10 kHz, the magnetic flux density B =
Although magnetic saturation does not occur even at 1T, the B-H loop is thick and the magnetic loss is large. On the other hand, in ferrite, magnetic saturation occurs at a magnetic flux density B of 500 mT, but the linearity of the BH curve is good in the unsaturated region.
【００２３】本発明で用いるファラデー回転角可変装置
の好ましい一例を図３に示す。Ａは主としてヨークを各
要素に分解した状態を表しており、Ｂは組立後の状態を
表している。軟磁性フェライトからなるヨークは、寸法
精度及び加工・組立作業の容易性などを考慮してＬ型と
Ｉ型の組み合わせとする。即ち、この電磁石は、それぞ
れの先端面がファラデー素子に当接するように対称的に
配置された一対のＬ型コア３２，３４と、それらの後端
面が側面に当接するＩ型コア３４との組み合わせからな
るヨークを有し、前記の両方のＬ型コア３０．３２にそ
れぞれコイル３６，３８が巻装されている構造である。
これらのコイル３６，３８は直列となるように連続的に
巻線するか、個々に巻線後に接続する。そしてコイル３
０，３２に、直流電流に重畳した高周波変調信号を生じ
る変調駆動回路２８を接続する。Ｌ型コアとＩ型コアの
接合面、及びＬ型コアの先端面（ファラデー素子との対
向面）には、研磨を施す。通常、ヨークとファラデー素
子とのギャップは０．１mm以内とすることが望ましいの
で、Ｌ型コアの先端面をファラデー素子に密着させ、そ
の状態で両方のＬ型コアの後端面をＩ型コアに接着す
る。従って、Ｉ型コアはＬ型コアの変位量を考慮して若
干長めに設定する。また、フェライトの場合、飽和磁束
密度が低いために、Ｌ型コアの断面積をある程度大きく
しておき、先端近傍部分を、ファラデー素子の外形に向
かって先細となるテーパ形状に加工するのが望ましい。
それによってファラデー素子に磁界が集中し、電磁石磁
界を効率よく印加できる。なお、フェライトヨークに直
接コイルを巻線した図を示しているが、コイルはボビン
に巻線したものでよく、容易にＬ型コアに装着できる。
試作した電磁石ヨークは、縦横が１９．５mm×３．８m
m、脚幅１mm、厚さ１．５mmであり、コイルは６８０タ
ーン×２である。A preferred example of the Faraday rotation angle varying device used in the present invention is shown in FIG. A shows a state where the yoke is mainly disassembled into each element, and B shows a state after assembly. The yoke made of soft magnetic ferrite is a combination of L-type and I-type considering the dimensional accuracy and the ease of processing and assembling work. That is, this electromagnet is a combination of a pair of L-shaped cores 32 and 34 symmetrically arranged so that their front end surfaces contact the Faraday element, and an I-shaped core 34 whose rear end surfaces contact the side surfaces. And the coils 36 and 38 are respectively wound around both the L-shaped cores 30.32.
These coils 36 and 38 may be continuously wound so as to be in series, or may be individually wound and then connected. And coil 3
A modulation drive circuit 28 for generating a high frequency modulation signal superimposed on a direct current is connected to 0 and 32. The joint surface between the L-shaped core and the I-shaped core and the tip end surface of the L-shaped core (the surface facing the Faraday element) are polished. Normally, it is desirable that the gap between the yoke and the Faraday element be within 0.1 mm. To glue. Therefore, the I-shaped core is set slightly longer in consideration of the displacement amount of the L-shaped core. Further, in the case of ferrite, since the saturation magnetic flux density is low, it is desirable to make the cross-sectional area of the L-shaped core large to some extent and process the portion near the tip into a tapered shape that tapers toward the outer shape of the Faraday element. .
Thereby, the magnetic field is concentrated on the Faraday element, and the electromagnet magnetic field can be efficiently applied. Although the drawing shows the coil wound directly on the ferrite yoke, the coil may be wound on a bobbin and can be easily mounted on the L-shaped core.
The prototype electromagnet yoke has a length and width of 19.5 mm x 3.8 m.
m, leg width 1 mm, thickness 1.5 mm, coil is 680 turns × 2.
【００２４】測定に使用した変調駆動回路の例を図４に
示す。２個のアンプＡ1 ，Ａ2 を組み合わせ、コイルＬ
の位置に電磁石のコイルを接続し、トランジスタＱで駆
動する。減衰量調整はＢ（バイアス）端子に印加する電
圧で制御し、変調はＡＣ端子への交流信号の印加で行
う。そして、一定強度の連続した光ビームを光アッテネ
ータ変調器に供給し、その透過出力光を光電変換器で電
圧変換し、オシロスコープによって減衰量と出力変動を
観測した。An example of the modulation drive circuit used for the measurement is shown in FIG. Combine the two amplifiers A 1 and A 2 into a coil L
The coil of the electromagnet is connected to the position of and is driven by the transistor Q. The attenuation amount adjustment is controlled by the voltage applied to the B (bias) terminal, and the modulation is performed by applying an AC signal to the AC terminal. Then, a continuous light beam with a constant intensity was supplied to the optical attenuator modulator, the transmitted output light was voltage-converted by a photoelectric converter, and the attenuation and output fluctuation were observed by an oscilloscope.
【００２５】変調信号を入力しないで（０Ｖに維持
し）、Ｂ端子に印加する電圧のみ可変して減衰特性を求
めたのが図５である。使用波長は１５５０nm、測定温度
は２５℃である。図示のように、この光アッテネータ変
調器は、通常の可変光アッテネータと同様、減衰量の駆
動電流依存性がある。FIG. 5 shows the attenuation characteristics obtained by varying only the voltage applied to the B terminal without inputting a modulation signal (maintaining 0 V). The wavelength used is 1550 nm and the measurement temperature is 25 ° C. As shown in the figure, this optical attenuator modulator has a drive current dependency of the amount of attenuation like a normal variable optical attenuator.
【００２６】次に、減衰量が６ｄＢとなるようにＢ端子
に印加する電圧を調整して固定し、周波数１００ｋＨｚ
の正弦波電圧を変調信号としてＡＣ端子に印加し、変調
度が±５％となるように変調信号の振幅を調整して観測
した。オシロスコープの画面を図６に示す。ＣＨ２（チ
ャンネル２）は変調電気信号波形であり、ＣＨ１（チャ
ンネル１）は６ｄＢ減衰時の±５％光変調波形である。
この図６から、変調周波数１００ｋＨｚの低電圧駆動信
号に対して、完全に追従して変調された透過出力光が得
られることが分かる。Next, the voltage applied to the B terminal is adjusted and fixed so that the attenuation becomes 6 dB, and the frequency is 100 kHz.
The sine wave voltage of was applied as a modulation signal to the AC terminal, and the amplitude of the modulation signal was adjusted so that the modulation degree was ± 5%. The screen of the oscilloscope is shown in FIG. CH2 (channel 2) is a modulated electric signal waveform, and CH1 (channel 1) is a ± 5% optical modulation waveform when attenuated by 6 dB.
It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the transmitted output light that is modulated by completely following the low-voltage drive signal having the modulation frequency of 100 kHz can be obtained.
【００２７】図７は本発明に係る光アッテネータ変調器
の他の実施例を示す説明図であり、ファイバ入出力型の
構造である。本体部分は図１に示すものと同様であって
よいので、対応する部分に同一符号を付し、それらにつ
いての説明は省略する。入力側にはフェルール付きの光
ファイバ４０が位置し、コリメータレンズ４２で平行光
となって本体部分に入力する。本体部分からの減衰光
は、コリメータレンズ４４で集光され、出力側に位置す
るフェルール付きの光ファイバ４６を通って出力する。FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the optical attenuator modulator according to the present invention, which is a fiber input / output type structure. Since the main body portion may be the same as that shown in FIG. 1, corresponding portions are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. An optical fiber 40 with a ferrule is located on the input side, and collimated by a collimator lens 42 into parallel light, which is input to the main body. The attenuated light from the main body is condensed by the collimator lens 44, and is output through the optical fiber 46 with the ferrule located on the output side.
【００２８】上記の実施例において、永久磁石は光軸方
向に固定磁界が印加されるような配置となっているが、
光軸に直交する方向（但し、電磁石による可変磁界の印
加方向とも直交する方向）に固定磁界が印加されるよう
な配置でもよい。あるいは、電磁石による可変磁界の印
加方向と異なる方向であれば、永久磁石による固定磁界
の印加方向は任意であってもよい。光アッテネータの構
成によっては、永久磁石を用いることなく電磁石による
可変磁界のみが印加されるようにすることも可能であ
る。In the above embodiment, the permanent magnets are arranged so that a fixed magnetic field is applied in the optical axis direction.
The arrangement may be such that the fixed magnetic field is applied in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis (however, it is also orthogonal to the direction in which the variable magnetic field is applied by the electromagnet). Alternatively, the application direction of the fixed magnetic field by the permanent magnet may be arbitrary as long as it is different from the application direction of the variable magnetic field by the electromagnet. Depending on the configuration of the optical attenuator, it is possible to apply only the variable magnetic field by the electromagnet without using the permanent magnet.
【００２９】なお、電磁石ヨークは、機能的にはＣ型形
状で、その空隙部分にファラデー素子が配置可能な構成
であればよい。従って、フェライトコアの形状・組み合
わせ方などは、図３に示す構造のみに限られるものでは
なく、自由な変形が可能である。The electromagnet yoke may be functionally C-shaped so that the Faraday element can be arranged in the void portion. Therefore, the shape and combination of the ferrite cores are not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 3 and can be freely modified.
【００３０】本発明は、ファラデー素子を透過する光の
偏波面の回転角を電磁石による可変磁界によって可変す
るファラデー回転角可変装置と、その光軸上の前後に配
置した偏光子及びミラーを具備し、光ビームをミラーで
反射させる構成でもよい。勿論、電磁石は、そのヨーク
が軟磁性フェライトからなり、該ヨークに巻装したコイ
ルに高周波変調信号を供給するように構成する。この場
合も、永久磁石によって、可変磁界と異なる方向に固定
磁界を印加するのが好ましい。The present invention comprises a Faraday rotation angle changing device for changing the rotation angle of the plane of polarization of light passing through the Faraday element by a variable magnetic field by an electromagnet, and a polarizer and a mirror arranged on the front and rear of the optical axis. Alternatively, the light beam may be reflected by a mirror. Of course, the electromagnet is configured such that its yoke is made of soft magnetic ferrite and the high frequency modulation signal is supplied to the coil wound around the yoke. Also in this case, it is preferable to apply the fixed magnetic field in the direction different from the variable magnetic field by the permanent magnet.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の効果】本発明では上記のように、ファラデー回
転角可変装置の電磁石ヨークに軟磁性フェライトを用い
ており、これによって周波数１０ｋＨｚ以上の領域でも
ファラデー回転角を高速で、低電圧で、効率よく可変す
ることが可能となる。従って、このようなファラデー回
転角可変装置の光軸上の前後に偏光子と検光子を配置し
て光アッテネータを構成し、電磁石ヨークに巻装したコ
イルに高周波変調信号を供給することにより、可変減衰
特性を発現させると共に光変調機能を付加することが可
能となる。本発明に係る光アッテネータ変調器は、磁気
光学方式であり本質的に可動部を持たないために信頼性
が高く、そのため特に高信頼性が要求される海底光通信
用の可変減衰及び変調デバイスとして有用である。As described above, according to the present invention, the soft magnetic ferrite is used for the electromagnet yoke of the Faraday rotation angle varying device, whereby the Faraday rotation angle can be increased at high speed, low voltage, and efficiency even in the frequency range of 10 kHz or more. It is possible to change it well. Therefore, by arranging a polarizer and an analyzer on the front and rear of the optical axis of such a Faraday rotation angle varying device to form an optical attenuator and supplying a high frequency modulation signal to a coil wound around an electromagnet yoke, It is possible to develop an attenuation characteristic and add a light modulation function. The optical attenuator modulator according to the present invention is highly reliable because it is a magneto-optical system and has essentially no moving parts, and as a variable attenuation and modulation device for submarine optical communication that requires particularly high reliability. It is useful.
【図１】本発明に係る光アッテネータ変調器の一実施例
を示す説明図。FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of an optical attenuator modulator according to the present invention.
【図２】フェライトと珪素鋼の周波数特性を示すグラ
フ。FIG. 2 is a graph showing frequency characteristics of ferrite and silicon steel.
【図３】ファラデー回転角可変装置の一例を示す説明
図。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a Faraday rotation angle varying device.
【図４】変調駆動回路の回路図。FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a modulation drive circuit.
【図５】減衰特性を示すグラフ。FIG. 5 is a graph showing attenuation characteristics.
【図６】光変調出力の観測波形図。FIG. 6 is an observed waveform diagram of an optical modulation output.
【図７】本発明に係る光アッテネータ変調器の他の実施
例を示す説明図。FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the optical attenuator modulator according to the present invention.
１０ 第１の永久磁石 １２ 偏光子 １４ ファラデー素子 １６ 電磁石 １８ ファラデー回転角可変装置 ２０ 検光子 ２２ 第２の永久磁石 ２４ ヨーク ２６ コイル ２８ 変調駆動回路 10 First permanent magnet 12 Polarizer 14 Faraday element 16 Electromagnet 18 Faraday rotation angle variable device 20 Analyzer 22 Second permanent magnet 24 York 26 coils 28 Modulation drive circuit
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 徳増 次雄 東京都港区新橋５丁目36番11号 エフ・デ ィー・ケイ株式会社内 (72)発明者 小野 清人 東京都港区新橋５丁目36番11号 エフ・デ ィー・ケイ株式会社内 (72)発明者 松尾 良夫 東京都港区新橋５丁目36番11号 エフ・デ ィー・ケイ株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 2H079 AA03 AA13 BA02 CA24 DA12 EB18 KA05 KA14 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Tsukio Tokumasu F-de, 5-36-1 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo K.K Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kiyoto Ono F-de, 5-36-1 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo K.K Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshio Matsuo F-de, 5-36-1 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo K.K Co., Ltd. F term (reference) 2H079 AA03 AA13 BA02 CA24 DA12 EB18 KA05 KA14
Claims (12)
回転角を電磁石による可変磁界によって可変するファラ
デー回転角可変装置と、その光軸上の前後に配置した偏
光子及び検光子を具備し、前記電磁石は、そのヨークが
軟磁性フェライトからなり、該ヨークに巻装したコイル
に高周波変調信号を供給するようにしたことを特徴とす
る光アッテネータ変調器。1. A Faraday rotation angle varying device for varying a rotation angle of a plane of polarization of light passing through a Faraday element by a variable magnetic field by an electromagnet, and a polarizer and an analyzer arranged in front of and behind the optical axis, An optical attenuator modulator, wherein a yoke of the electromagnet is made of soft magnetic ferrite, and a high frequency modulation signal is supplied to a coil wound around the yoke.
回転角を電磁石による可変磁界によって可変するファラ
デー回転角可変装置と、その光軸上の前後に配置した偏
光子及びミラーを具備し、前記電磁石は、そのヨークが
軟磁性フェライトからなり、該ヨークに巻装したコイル
に高周波変調信号を供給するようにしたことを特徴とす
る光アッテネータ変調器。2. A Faraday rotation angle varying device for varying a rotation angle of a plane of polarization of light passing through a Faraday element by a variable magnetic field by an electromagnet, and a polarizer and a mirror arranged in front of and behind the optical axis, An optical attenuator modulator, wherein a yoke of the electromagnet is made of soft magnetic ferrite, and a high frequency modulation signal is supplied to a coil wound around the yoke.
印加する固定磁界印加手段を具備している請求項１又は
２記載の光アッテネータ変調器。3. The optical attenuator modulator according to claim 1, further comprising fixed magnetic field applying means for applying a fixed magnetic field in a direction different from the variable magnetic field.
る偏光子と、ファラデー素子を透過する光の偏波面の回
転角を電磁石による可変磁界によって可変するファラデ
ー回転角可変装置と、複屈折結晶板からなる検光子と、
第２の永久磁石を具備し、両永久磁石によって固定磁界
が印加され、前記電磁石は、そのヨークが軟磁性フェラ
イトからなり、該ヨークに巻装したコイルに高周波変調
信号を供給するようにしたことを特徴とする光アッテネ
ータ変調器。4. A first permanent magnet, a polarizer made of a birefringent crystal plate, a Faraday rotation angle varying device for varying a rotation angle of a plane of polarization of light passing through a Faraday element by a variable magnetic field by an electromagnet, An analyzer consisting of a refraction crystal plate,
A second permanent magnet is provided, a fixed magnetic field is applied by both permanent magnets, the yoke of the electromagnet is made of soft magnetic ferrite, and a high frequency modulation signal is supplied to a coil wound around the yoke. An optical attenuator modulator.
バイアス信号に高周波変調信号を重畳した電気的信号を
供給する請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の光アッテネ
ータ変調器。5. The optical attenuator modulator according to claim 1, wherein an electric signal obtained by superposing a high frequency modulation signal on a DC bias signal for controlling the attenuation amount is supplied to the coil of the electromagnet.
ー素子に当接するように対称的に配置された一対のＬ型
コアと、それらの後端面が当接するＩ型コアとの組み合
わせからなるヨークを有し、前記各Ｌ型コアにそれぞれ
コイルが巻装され直列に組み合わされている請求項１乃
至５のいずれかに記載の光アッテネータ変調器。6. The electromagnet includes a yoke composed of a pair of L-shaped cores symmetrically arranged so that their front end surfaces contact the Faraday element, and an I-shaped core whose rear end surfaces contact each other. 6. The optical attenuator modulator according to claim 1, further comprising a coil wound around each of the L-shaped cores and combined in series.
デー素子の外形に向かって先細のテーパ形状となってい
て、前記ファラデー素子に磁界を集中する構造である請
求項６記載の光アッテネータ変調器。7. The optical attenuator modulation according to claim 6, wherein the L-shaped core has a structure in which a portion near its tip is tapered toward the outer shape of the Faraday element, and a magnetic field is concentrated on the Faraday element. vessel.
ｉ−Ｚｎ系、あるいはＭｇ−Ｚｎ系のいずれかの高飽和
磁束密度材からなる請求項１乃至７のいずれかに記載の
光アッテネータ変調器。8. The soft magnetic ferrite is Mn—Zn based, N
8. The optical attenuator modulator according to claim 1, which is made of a high saturation magnetic flux density material of either i-Zn system or Mg-Zn system.
５の標準リングコアによる測定で、１０００Ａ／ｍの磁
界に対して飽和磁束密度が４００ｍＴ以上の特性を呈す
るものである請求項８記載の光アッテネータ変調器。9. The soft magnetic ferrite is FR25 / 15 /
9. The optical attenuator modulator according to claim 8, which has a saturation magnetic flux density of 400 mT or more for a magnetic field of 1000 A / m as measured by the standard ring core of No. 5.
／５の標準リングコアによる測定で、周波数１００ｋＨ
ｚ以下における初透磁率の低下が１０％以下である特性
を呈するものである請求項８記載の光アッテネータ変調
器。10. The soft magnetic ferrite is FR25 / 15.
/ 5 standard ring core, frequency 100kHz
9. The optical attenuator modulator according to claim 8, exhibiting a characteristic that a decrease in initial permeability at z or less is 10% or less.
／５の標準リングコアによる測定で、周波数１００ｋＨ
ｚにおける相対損失係数（ tanδ／μｉ）が１×１０-4
以下である特性を呈するものである請求項８記載の光ア
ッテネータ変調器。11. The soft magnetic ferrite is FR25 / 15.
/ 5 standard ring core, frequency 100kHz
The relative loss coefficient (tan δ / μi) at z is 1 × 10 -4
The optical attenuator modulator according to claim 8, which exhibits the following characteristics.
１０ｋＨｚにおいて電流値４０ｍＡ以下では磁気飽和が
生じない特性を呈するものである請求項８記載の光アッ
テネータ変調器。12. The optical attenuator modulator according to claim 8, wherein the Faraday rotation angle varying device has a characteristic that magnetic saturation does not occur at a current value of 40 mA or less at a frequency of 10 kHz.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002054692A JP4093533B2 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2002-02-28 | Optical attenuator modulator |
| PCT/JP2003/002150 WO2003073156A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2003-02-26 | Optical attenuator modulator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002054692A JP4093533B2 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2002-02-28 | Optical attenuator modulator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003255288A true JP2003255288A (en) | 2003-09-10 |
| JP4093533B2 JP4093533B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
Family
ID=27764408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002054692A Expired - Fee Related JP4093533B2 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2002-02-28 | Optical attenuator modulator |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4093533B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003073156A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2784896B2 (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1998-08-06 | 富士電気化学株式会社 | Polarization plane switch and optical switch using the same |
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2002
- 2002-02-28 JP JP2002054692A patent/JP4093533B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-26 WO PCT/JP2003/002150 patent/WO2003073156A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2003073156A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
| JP4093533B2 (en) | 2008-06-04 |
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