JP2003194933A - Diagnostic apparatus for meteorological system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a diagnostic apparatus by which whether a corresponding meteorological radar is normal or not is diagnosed on the basis of an acquisition rate of a meteorological object to be observed by the meteorological radar without depending on a wind direction and a wind velocity which are changed largely on the basis of a regional property and a meteorological condition in an observation point. <P>SOLUTION: From a plurality of selected meteorological radars, the acquisition rate of the meteorological object to be observed by each meteorological radar is found, a standard acquisition rate is found on the basis of each found acquisition rate, the standard acquisition rate is compared with the acquisition rate of each meteorological radar, and the corresponding meteorological radar is diagnosed when their difference is a prescribed threshold value or more. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a diagnostic device for a weather radar, for example, a wind profiler.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Among meteorological radars, there is a wind profiler (WPR) as a device for measuring the vertical profile (distribution) of wind. So far, multiple W
Since PR has not been installed at high density, there has been an example in which the "quality" diagnosis was relatively compared using the acquired data with regard to the acquired data of the meteorological objects observed by WPR existing in the neighborhood. It wasn't there.

For the diagnosis using the acquired data of a plurality of meteorological radars, a method of using the correlation using the wind direction and wind speed can be considered. By arranging a plurality of WPRs, it is possible to diagnose the validity of the acquired data by using the correlation with the quality of the acquired data and the neighboring WPR or the WPR belonging to the same climate. For example, the wind speed obtained by another WPR is compared with the target WPR. This data can be diagnosed as invalid if the wind speed of the WPR of interest differs significantly from the other WPRs.

In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-43496,
It is disclosed that data of a region of constant altitude is synthesized from the weather target data obtained by a plurality of weather radars.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a conventional weather radar system. The radars 1 and 2 scan the pencil beam while rotating the pencil beam in the azimuth direction of the arrow A while changing the elevation angle direction to perform scanning. Rotation in the azimuth direction is, for example, 3
It is rotated by 60 °, and the scan in the elevation direction is made spiral so that the elevation angle gradually changes from a low angle to a high angle,
Alternatively, it is performed in a stepwise manner. The radars 1 and 2 transmit radar signals having pulsed signal waveforms, and in order to obtain meteorological object data at a constant altitude, as shown in FIG. 12, the beams 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 corresponding to the respective elevation angles are obtained. ，
Target data of a constant altitude H and a predetermined region ΔH are extracted by applying different distance gates to each of the sixteen.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of conventional radars 1 and 2. A pulse radar signal is generated from the transmission device 21, and is sequentially transmitted via the transmission / reception switch 22 and the antenna control drive device 23.
It is emitted from the antenna 24. On the other hand, the reflected signal from the target is captured by the antenna 24, received and amplified by the receiving device 25 through the antenna control drive device 23 and the transmission / reception switch 22, and supplied to the weather signal processing unit 26. Receiver 25
The signals supplied from the weather signal processing unit 26 are the target reflection signal a and the distance information b to the target for each beam.
There is. The rotation angle signal c of the antenna 24 is supplied from the antenna control drive device 23 to the weather signal processing unit 26 and becomes a target azimuth signal.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a conventional weather signal processing unit 26. The target reflection signal a from the receiving device 25 is supplied to the signal averaging circuit 31, the target reflection signal amplitude obtained by sweeping the radar a plurality of times is averaged for each corresponding beam, and supplied to the equal echo line device 32. To be done. After performing the distance correction, the iso-echo line device 32 slices the signal intensity at the set voltage level to take out a signal of a certain intensity or more, and obtain an iso-echo line corresponding to the contour line of the map,
CAPPI (Constant Altitude PPI) gate circuit 3
Supply to 3.

The CAPPI gate circuit 33 has a constant altitude H
In order to obtain the meteorological data in the region ΔH, the elevation angle information is different for each corresponding beam 11, ---, 16
Different distance gates are applied to each corresponding beam 11, ---, 16. From the receiving device 25, the distance information b for each beam is supplied to the gate generation circuit 34, and the gate signal corresponding to each beam is supplied to the CAPPI gate circuit 33. As a result, only the signals in the shaded areas of the beams 11, ---, 16 in FIG. 12 are extracted. The signal thus obtained from the CAPPI gate circuit 33 is supplied to the storage circuit 35, stored by the azimuth angle signal c from the antenna control drive device 23 in correspondence with the azimuth angle signal, and displayed as necessary. It is read out and displayed on the container 36. The antenna 24 may be a parabolic antenna, but may be a phased array antenna.

In this way, the analog signals obtained by the radars 1 and 2 are subjected to analog-to-digital conversion, and the digital modulation signals are transmitted to the central signal synthesizer 3. The signal synthesizing device 3 introduces the digitally modulated meteorological object data in the predetermined area ΔH from the radars 1 and 2 at a constant altitude H, demodulates it, and synthesizes it. In this way, the signal synthesizing device 3 synthesizes only the data of meteorological objects of a certain altitude even from the data from a plurality of weather radar sites.
Since the weather conditions in a common area across the radar sites are grasped, the weather conditions can be predicted more accurately.

[0009]

However, since the three-dimensional wind vector obtained by WPR or the like changes greatly depending on the regional characteristics of the obtained point and the weather conditions, an accurate diagnosis cannot be made by the wind direction and wind speed, so that it is objective. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to perform automatic data defect determination. In addition, even when synthesizing data of a certain altitude region among the meteorological target data obtained by multiple meteorological radars, it is possible that more accurate data can be obtained even if synthesizing unsuitable data. Not exclusively.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and does not depend on the wind direction and the wind speed which greatly changes depending on the regional characteristics of the observation point and the weather conditions, and can be applied to the meteorological object observed by the weather radar. The purpose is to diagnose whether the applicable weather radar is normal or abnormal based on the acquisition rate or the acquisition rate profile related to altitude.

[0011]

Means for Solving the Problems A meteorological system diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
Obtain the acquisition rate of the meteorological object observed by each weather radar, obtain the standard acquisition rate from the obtained each acquisition rate, compare this standard acquisition rate with the acquisition rate of each weather radar, the difference is more than a predetermined threshold At one time, the corresponding weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal.

Further, an acquisition rate profile related to the altitude of the meteorological object observed by each weather radar is obtained from the selected plurality of weather radars, and a standard acquisition rate profile related to the altitude is obtained from each obtained acquisition rate profile. The acquisition rate profile and the acquisition rate profile of each of the weather radars are compared for each altitude, and when the number of differences that are greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the corresponding weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal.

Further, when the applicable weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal, a warning is issued to the applicable weather radar. Further, when the applicable weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal, the data of the weather object observed by the applicable weather radar is interpolated with the data of the weather object observed by another weather radar.

The weather radar is a wind profiler, and the observed meteorological object is the wind speed. In addition, each acquisition rate profile of each weather radar is acquired by changing the observation time width or the observation time. Further, the plurality of weather radars are selected by changing the spatial scale.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiment 1. As mentioned above,
Wind profiler (WP), one of the weather radars
Since the three-dimensional wind vector obtained in R) changes greatly depending on the regional characteristics of the obtained point and the meteorological condition, the wind direction wind speed value (data) is obtained by another WPR in a similar climatic condition. Even when compared with a value (data), it is not possible to objectively and automatically determine a data defect, and it is not possible to accurately diagnose whether the WPR itself is normal or abnormal.

Therefore, in the present invention, attention is paid to the acquisition rate profile related to the acquisition rate or altitude related to the weather target data (eg wind direction wind speed) observed by the weather radar (eg WPR), and the acquisition related to this acquisition rate or altitude. Comparing the rate profile with the standard acquisition rate profile obtained with multiple selected weather radars (in similar climatic conditions) or the standard acquisition rate profile related to altitude, to diagnose whether the weather radar itself is normal or abnormal Is. In this invention,
As the weather radar, for example, FIG. 11, FIG. 12 and FIG.
The weather radars 1 and 2 described in 1. can be used.

The "acquisition rate" is, for example, "the number of effective data acquisitions / total number of data acquisitions" in a certain period (one day or the like). Whether or not the valid data has been acquired is explained as follows, for example. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining how to obtain the wind direction and wind speed at the weather radar site. Radio waves are emitted from the phased array antenna 41 in five directions, and the Doppler velocity at each altitude (eastward Doppler velocity Vre, westward Doppler velocity Vrw). , Northward Doppler velocity Vrn, southward Doppler velocity Vrs, and directly upward Doppler velocity Vrv) are observed. 5 Doppler velocities at certain altitudes (Vre, Vr
The wind direction and wind speed (horizontal wind speed u, v, vertical wind speed w) of the altitude are obtained from the combination of w, Vrn, Vrs, Vrv). As the calculation formula, five Doppler velocities are three-way five simultaneous equations. The solution is obtained by introducing each in (1) to (5). Vre = w cos θ + u sin θ ----- (1) Vrw = w cos θ−u sin θ ----- (2) Vrn = w cos θ + v sin θ ----- (3) Vrs = w cos θ−v sin θ- --- (4) Vrv = w ----- (5) The solution is obtained when valid data is acquired. However, there are cases where the solution of the simultaneous equations cannot be found due to the lack of three Doppler velocities among the five Doppler velocities, or the solution of the simultaneous equations cannot be obtained depending on the values of the five Doppler velocities. In these cases, valid data was not acquired.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the time variation of the vertical distribution of wind observed from near the ground to an altitude of about 5 km at a certain weather radar site. The missing data indicates the case where valid data was not acquired. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an acquisition rate profile related to altitude in the weather radar (No. 1) at a certain location. As the weather radar, WPR is used and the number of valid data acquisitions / total number of data acquisitions at each altitude for one day at wind speed is plotted.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a meteorological system diagnostic device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Nos. 51 to 58 and 59 are weather radar Nos. 1-No. 8,
No. At 9, the meteorological objects at the respective locations are observed. In this case, the wind direction and speed will be observed by WPR as a meteorological object. The meteorological target data that is observed moment by moment at each location (site) is transmitted to the central monitoring station 60 that controls the meteorological radars 51 to 58, 59. In the central monitoring station 60, each meteorological object data transmitted from each meteorological radar 51-58, 59 is introduced into a computer, various data processing and information creation are performed, and the altitude of each meteorological radar 51-58, 59 for a certain period Acquisition rate profiles 61 to 68,6 related to
Create 9. The created acquisition rate profiles 61 to 68, 69 related to altitude are averaged for each altitude to create a standard acquisition rate profile 70 related to the altitude of each weather radar 51 to 58, 59 for a certain period. It should be noted that the acquisition rate profiles 61 to 68, 69 relating to the altitude during a certain period are
The weather radars 51 to 58, 59 may be created and transmitted to the central monitoring station 60.

The operation of the meteorological system diagnostic device of FIG. 1 will be described below. FIG. 2 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of this weather system diagnostic device. The weather radars 51 to 51 are nearby weather radars (WPRs) that are highly correlated in terms of locality and climate.
A plurality (for example, 5 to 6 sites) is selected from 58 and 59 (S1). An acquisition rate profile relating to the altitude of each weather radar is created from the meteorological target data transmitted from each of the selected weather radars (S2). The obtained altitude-related acquisition rate profile is shown in Fig. 6 as a weather radar (No. X, No. X + 2, No. X + 3, N).
o. X + 4), and FIG. 7 shows the weather radar (No. X + 1). The acquisition rates for each altitude of these acquisition rate profiles are averaged to create a standard acquisition rate profile related to altitude for a plurality of selected weather radars (S3). The created standard acquisition rate profile related to altitude is shown in FIG.

This standard acquisition rate profile and a weather radar (No. 1) which is one of a plurality of selected weather radars.
The acquisition rate profile of (X) is compared for each altitude, and the number in which the relative difference is a predetermined threshold value, for example, 4 m / s or more is counted (S4). This count value is defined as a predetermined value (= count value / total number of data acquisitions, and the ratio is 20%, for example).
Then, it is determined whether or not (S5). If not, the weather radar (No. X) is determined to be normal (S6). And the next weather radar (No. X + 1)
(S7), the same operation is performed to judge whether the operation is normal or abnormal. The predetermined threshold value and the predetermined value can be changed by the operator.

If the count value is equal to or more than the predetermined value,
The weather radar (No. X) is judged to be abnormal because it has a low correlation with other weather radars (S8). If it is judged to be abnormal, the central monitoring station 6
The warning information is transmitted from 0 to prompt the weather radar (No. X) site for improvement, and further, the weather radar (No. X).
The meteorological object data transmitted from X) is discarded and replaced with data based on the meteorological object data of the nearby meteorological radar having high correlation (S9). And the next weather radar (N
o. For X + 1) (S7), perform the same operation,
Determine whether it is normal or abnormal. By repeating these operations, the weather radar No. X-No. A diagnosis of X + 4 can be made.

6 and 7, the weather rate radars (No. X, No. X + 2, No. X.
X + 3, No. X + 4) has a normal acquisition rate profile, and the weather radar (No. X + 1) shown in FIG. 7 has an abnormal acquisition rate profile. Another cause of the abnormal acquisition rate profile of the weather radar (No. X + 1) is that the antenna gain decreases due to, for example, fallen leaves or snow.

Embodiment 2. Embodiment 1. As shown in, the selected plurality of weather radars are neighboring weather radars that have high regional and climatic correlations. As shown in FIG. 9, this can be selected depending on the weather conditions in any area and any space scale. FIG. 9 is a map showing each area of the selected weather radars, and the black dots indicate the locations of the weather radars. Examples of the selection method include, for example, a radius of X km of the WPR of interest, a site having the same climate as the WPR of interest, and the like. With this diagnostic device, the performance evaluation of the WPR of interest can be expected in the space corresponding to the meso α scale (several thousands km) to the meso γ scale (several tens km).

For example, when the cold front approaches, the performance can be evaluated according to weather conditions by disassembling and evaluating the areas on the warm front side and the cold front side. As shown in FIG. 10, by classifying the climates to which the WPR belongs, it becomes possible to evaluate the WPR performance according to each climate. FIG. 10 is a map classified according to climatic zones, showing west coast marine, continental, and Mediterranean climatic zones.

Further, a time scale (am, pm, 1
By changing the (day, season, etc.), the performance evaluation of the acquisition rate profile featuring the observation time point, time, and season can be performed, so that the performance evaluation of the acquisition rate profile can be executed from various aspects.

Embodiment 3. Also, if the data is judged to be invalid after diagnosis, the quality of the data can be maintained by automatically interpolating by a calculation formula using the observation data of the weather radar group in the vicinity. it can.

Fourth Embodiment In the first embodiment, the acquisition rate profile related to the altitude and the standard acquisition rate profile related to the altitude are compared for each altitude. By comparing the acquisition rate with the standard acquisition rate, it is possible to diagnose the weather radar of interest. That is, from a plurality of selected weather radar, obtain the acquisition rate of the meteorological object observed by each weather radar, obtain the standard acquisition rate from the obtained each acquisition rate, the standard acquisition rate and the acquisition rate of each weather radar It is only necessary to make a comparison and to diagnose the corresponding weather radar as abnormal when the difference is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold value. The technique described in the first or second embodiment can of course be applied to the fourth embodiment.

[0029]

As described above, according to the meteorological system diagnostic device of the present invention, the acquisition rate of the meteorological object observed by each meteorological radar is obtained from the selected plurality of meteorological radars, and each obtained acquisition rate is obtained. The standard acquisition rate is calculated from this, and the standard acquisition rate and the acquisition rate of each weather radar are compared, and when the difference is more than a predetermined threshold, the corresponding weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal. It is possible to diagnose whether the corresponding weather radar is normal or abnormal, based on the acquisition rate of the meteorological object observed by the meteorological radar, without depending on the wind direction and wind speed that greatly changes depending on the regional characteristics and meteorological conditions.

Further, an acquisition rate profile related to the altitude of the meteorological object observed by each weather radar is obtained from the selected plurality of weather radars, and a standard acquisition rate profile related to the altitude is obtained from each obtained acquisition rate profile. The acquisition rate profile and the acquisition rate profile of each weather radar are compared for each altitude, and when the difference is more than a predetermined threshold value, the corresponding weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal, so the observation point It is possible to diagnose whether the applicable weather radar is normal or abnormal based on the acquisition rate profile related to the altitude of the meteorological object observed by the meteorological radar, without depending on the wind direction and the wind speed that greatly changes depending on the regional characteristics and the weather conditions. .

Further, when it is determined that the applicable weather radar is abnormal, a warning is issued to the applicable weather radar, so that prompt recovery can be promoted. In addition, when the applicable weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal, the data of the weather object observed by the applicable weather radar is interpolated with the data of the weather object observed by another weather radar, which hinders the weather observation. Will not cause

The meteorological radar is a wind profiler, and the meteorological object to be observed is the wind speed. Therefore, the meteorological radar observes the meteorological weather without depending on the wind direction and the wind speed which greatly changes depending on the regional characteristics of the observation point and the meteorological conditions. Based on the acquisition rate profile related to the altitude of the target, it is possible to diagnose whether the corresponding weather radar is normal or abnormal. Also,
Since the plurality of weather radars are selected by changing the spatial scale, by arbitrarily selecting the spatial scale, it is possible to perform reliability evaluation of the acquisition rate according to the weather conditions and the spatial scale. Furthermore, since each acquisition rate profile of each weather radar is acquired by changing the observation time width or the observation time, by changing the time scale, factors such as time, climate and season are diagnosed. Therefore, the diagnostic function with higher accuracy can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a meteorological system diagnostic device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of the meteorological system diagnostic device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method of obtaining a wind direction and a wind speed at a weather radar site.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing temporal changes in the vertical distribution of wind observed from around the ground to an altitude of about 5 km.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an acquisition rate profile related to altitude.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an acquisition rate profile related to altitude.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an acquisition rate profile related to altitude.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a standard acquisition rate profile related to altitude.

FIG. 9 is a map showing respective areas of a plurality of selected weather radars.

FIG. 10 is a map classified according to climatic zones.

FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional weather radar system.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a conventional weather radar.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a conventional meteorological signal processing unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 2 weather radar 41 phased array antennas 51-58, 59 weather radar 60 central monitoring stations 61-68, 69 acquisition rate profile 70 standard acquisition rate profile.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. An acquisition rate of a meteorological object observed by each weather radar is obtained from a plurality of selected weather radars, a standard acquisition rate is obtained from each obtained acquisition rate, and the standard acquisition rate and the acquisition of each weather radar are obtained. A diagnostic device for a meteorological system, which compares the rates with each other and, when the difference is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold value, diagnoses the corresponding weather radar as abnormal. 2. A standard acquisition rate profile related to altitude is obtained from the selected plurality of weather radars, and an acquisition rate profile related to the altitude of a meteorological object observed by each weather radar is obtained. Diagnosis of a weather system that compares the acquisition rate profile and the acquisition rate profile of each weather radar with respect to each altitude and diagnoses the corresponding weather radar as abnormal when the number of differences is more than a predetermined threshold value is more than a predetermined value. apparatus. 3. The weather system diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein when the applicable weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal, a warning is issued to the applicable weather radar. 4. The data for a weather object observed by the applicable weather radar is interpolated by the data for a weather object observed by another weather radar when the applicable weather radar is diagnosed as abnormal. ~ The meteorological system diagnostic device according to any one of claims 3 to 4. 5. The diagnostic device for a weather system according to claim 2, wherein the weather radar is a wind profiler, and the observed meteorological object is wind speed. 6. The meteorological system according to claim 2, wherein each acquisition rate profile of each weather radar is acquired by changing an observation time width or an observation time. Diagnostic device. 7. The weather system diagnostic device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of weather radars are selected by changing a spatial scale.