JP2003164066A - 電池パック - Google Patents

電池パック

Info

Publication number
JP2003164066A
JP2003164066A JP2001356576A JP2001356576A JP2003164066A JP 2003164066 A JP2003164066 A JP 2003164066A JP 2001356576 A JP2001356576 A JP 2001356576A JP 2001356576 A JP2001356576 A JP 2001356576A JP 2003164066 A JP2003164066 A JP 2003164066A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
current
detecting
power tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2001356576A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Nobuhiro Takano
信宏 高野
Shuichi Harada
秀一 原田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koki Holdings Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Koki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Koki Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Koki Co Ltd
Priority to JP2001356576A priority Critical patent/JP2003164066A/ja
Priority to DE10254223A priority patent/DE10254223A1/de
Priority to CNB021515867A priority patent/CN100492753C/zh
Priority to US10/300,911 priority patent/US20030096158A1/en
Publication of JP2003164066A publication Critical patent/JP2003164066A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H01M6/5044—Cells or batteries structurally combined with cell condition indicating means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】 【課題】 ２時電池の放電末期状態を使用者に認知さ
せ、電池組の過放電を防止しサイクル寿命特性を向上さ
せた電池パックを提供すること。 【解決手段】 マイクロコンピュータ６０は、負荷電流
が流れている時に電池電圧が第１所定電圧以下になる
と、電池組１０と電動工具２００の接続を遮断して電池
組１０が更に放電しないようにし、電池電圧が第１所定
電圧以上第２所定電圧以下の時は電動工具２００に流れ
る負荷電流を所定の周波数でスイッチング制御して電動
工具２００のモータ２１０を変調駆動する。これにより
電動工具２００の使用者は、電池組１０が過放電間近に
なったことを、また、モータ２１０の回転が停止したこ
とで電池組１０が過放電状態に入ったことを感知するこ
とができる。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、コードレス電動工
具（以下、単に「電動工具」という。）の電源として用
いられているニッケルカドミウム電池（以下、「ニカド
電池」という。）、ニッケル水素電池及びリチウムイオ
ン電池等の２次電池から構成される電池パックに関する
ものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】近年，ニカド電池、ニッケル水素電池及
びリチウムイオン電池等の２次電池の高容量化及び大電
流による充放電特性の改善は目覚ましいものがある。こ
のため、このような性能改善を施した２次電池が、電動
工具のような高負荷機器の電源として使用されるように
なった。通常、このような使用目的の２次電池は、素電
池を接続板等により直列に接続した電池組からなる電池
パックの形態をとり、この電池パックを電動工具に装着
してモータを駆動しネジ締め等の作業を行う。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、電池パ
ックを電源とする電動工具の場合、２次電池が完全に放
電する直前までモータの回転速度はほとんど低下せず、
２次電池が放電しきったところで突然モータの回転が停
止するため、使用者はモータの回転が停止するまで作業
を続けるのが普通である。このため、電池パックのサイ
クル寿命が短くなるという問題があった。
【０００４】電池パックのサイクル寿命が短くなるの
は、電池組を構成する素電池間に容量のバラツキがある
ためである。素電池の容量にバラツキがあると、容量の
少ない素電池は過充電・過放電となりやすく、その素電
池が他の素電池に比べて早く寿命となる。これがサイク
ル寿命を短縮する要因である。
【０００５】図３は、電池組及び電池組内の素電池の放
電特性を示したものである。電池組電圧は放電の進行に
伴い徐々に低下し、電池容量がなくなると急激に電圧が
低下する。この時、電池組内の素電池の電圧特性に着目
すると、先に述べた通り、電池組内の容量の少ない素電
池が先に急激な電圧低下を引き起こす。更に、放電を続
けると、容量の少ない素電池の電圧は０Ｖ以下になる。
これを転極状態（逆充電状態）という。転極状態に至る
と、素電池内部の正極側から水素ガスが発生し始め、素
電池内部に蓄積される。充放電が繰り返し行われると、
やがて素電池内部から電解液漏れを引き起こし電池組の
サイクル寿命を低減させる。
【０００６】特に、電動工具のような高負荷でモータが
駆動され、ネジ締め等を行う用途では、電池過放電を抑
制する機能がなく、モータが停止するまで使用可能なた
め、電池が過放電され電池組のサイクル寿命が短縮す
る。
【０００７】本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の欠点をな
くし、２次電池の放電末期状態を使用者に認知させ、素
電池の過放電を防止し、もって電池パックのサイクル寿
命特性を向上させることにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成させるた
めになされた請求項１記載の発明は、電動工具の電源と
して使用される電池パックにおいて、複数の素電池を直
列接続してなり、両端極に正極端子と負極端子を夫々接
続した電池組と、電池組の電池電圧を検出する電池電圧
検出手段と、電池組と正極端子間、または電池組と負極
端子間の電流経路をオンオフするスイッチング手段と、
電池組から電動工具に流れる負荷電流を検出する電流検
出手段と、電流検出手段が負荷電流を検出している期間
中に、電池電圧検出手段の出力が所定電圧以下となった
時は、負荷電流の電流値が低減方向に変化するようにス
イッチング手段を制御する制御手段を備えたことを特徴
としている。
【０００９】このように構成された本発明では、電動工
具の使用中、電池電圧検出手段の出力が所定電圧以下と
なり、電池組の容量が一定レベルまで減少したことが検
出されると、制御手段はスイッチング手段を制御して電
池組から電動工具に流れる負荷電流の電流値を低減方向
に変化させる。この結果、電動工具に電流は流れ続ける
ものの電流レベルが低下するか、あるいは電流が全く流
れない状態となり、電動工具のモータの回転数は低下す
るか、あるいは回転が停止する。かかる電動工具の変調
動作から使用者は電池組の放電状態を知ることができ、
電池組を過放電状態に至らしめることを防止することが
できる。
【００１０】負荷電流の低減の仕方は、低レベルの負荷
電流に固定する方法であってもよいし、定常負荷電流レ
ベルより低下した範囲内で負荷電流を周期的に変動させ
る方法であってもよい。前者の場合電動工具のモータは
低速で一定回転し、後者の場合モータは回転数が周期的
に変動するうなり回転をすることになる。いずれの場合
であっても、作業中の使用者が知覚可能な警報となり、
使用者の注意を喚起することができる。
【００１１】制御の基準となる電池電圧検出手段が検出
する所定電圧は、電池組が過放電間近になった時の電圧
に相当する電圧でもよいし、過放電状態となった直後の
電圧に相当する電圧でもよい。後者の基準で所定電圧を
設定した場合には、電池電圧が所定電圧以下になったこ
とを検出したときに、電動工具には電流を流さないよう
に制御するのが好ましい。
【００１２】請求項２記載の発明は、電動工具の電源と
して使用される電池パックにおいて，複数の素電池を直
列接続してなり、両端極に正極端子と負極端子を夫々接
続した電池組と、電池組の電池電圧を検出する電池電圧
検出手段と、電池組と正極端子間、または電池組と負極
端子間の電流経路をオンオフするスイッチング手段と、
電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を検出する電流検出手
段と、電流検出手段が電池組から電動工具に流れる電流
を検出している期間中に、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第
１所定電圧以下となった時はスイッチング手段をオフさ
せる制御手段を備えたことを特徴としている。
【００１３】このように構成された本発明では、電動工
具の使用中、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第１所定電圧以
下となり、電池組の容量が一定レベルまで減少したこと
が検出されると、制御手段はスイッチング手段を制御し
て電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を遮断させる。この
結果、電動工具のモータの回転は停止し、これによっ
て、使用者は電池組の放電状態を知ることができると共
に電池組を過放電状態に至らしめることを防止すること
ができる。
【００１４】スイッチング手段を制御する基準となる電
池電圧検出手段が検出する第１所定電圧は、電池組が過
放電間近になった時の電圧に相当する電圧でもよいし、
過放電状態となった直後の電圧に相当する電圧でもよ
い。
【００１５】請求項３記載の発明は、請求項２記載の構
成に加え、表示手段を更に備え、電流検出手段が電池組
から電動工具に流れる電流を検出している期間中に、電
池電圧検出手段の出力が第１所定電圧以下となった時
は、表示手段が電池組の放電状態に関する警告表示をす
るよう制御手段が表示手段を制御することを特徴として
いる。
【００１６】このように、表示手段により放電状態に関
する警告表示をするようにしたので、使用者は、電動工
具のモータの回転停止が電池組の容量低下に伴うもので
あることを理解できる。警告表示は、第１所定電圧の設
定基準に沿ったものとなる。たとえば、第１所定電圧を
電池組が過放電間近になった時の電圧に相当する電圧と
した場合には、過放電間近表示とすればよく、過放電状
態となった直後の電圧に相当する電圧とした場合は、過
放電表示とすればよい。
【００１７】請求項４記載の発明は、電動工具の電源と
して使用される電池パックにおいて，複数の素電池を直
列接続してなり、両端極に正極端子と負極端子を夫々接
続した電池組と、電池組の電池電圧を検出する電池電圧
検出手段と、電池組と正極端子間、または電池組と負極
端子間の電流経路をオンオフするスイッチング手段と、
電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を検出する電流検出手
段と、電流検出手段が電池組から電動工具に流れる電流
を検出している期間中に、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第
２所定電圧以下となった時はスイッチング手段を繰り返
しオンオフさせる制御手段を備えたことを特徴としてい
る。
【００１８】このように構成された本発明では、電動工
具の使用中、電池電圧検出手段の出力が所定電圧以下と
なり、電池組の容量が一定レベルまで減少したことが検
出されると、制御手段はスイッチング手段を制御して電
池組から電動工具に流れる電流を低減させる。この結
果、電動工具には継続して電流が流れるものの電流レベ
ルが低下し、電動工具のモータの回転数は低下する。か
かる電動工具の変調動作から使用者は電池組の放電状態
を知ることができ、電池組を過放電状態に至らしめるこ
とを防止することができる。
【００１９】スイッチング手段を制御する基準となる電
池電圧検出手段が検出する第２所定電圧は、電池組が過
放電間近になった時の電圧に相当する電圧でもよいし、
過放電状態となった直後の電圧に相当する電圧でもよ
い。
【００２０】請求項５記載の発明は、請求項４記載の構
成に加え、表示手段を更に備え、電流検出手段が電池組
から電動工具に流れる電流を検出している期間中に、電
池電圧検出手段の出力が第２所定電圧以下となった時
は、表示手段が電池組の放電状態に関する警告表示をす
るよう制御手段が表示手段を制御することを特徴として
いる。
【００２１】このように、表示手段により放電状態に関
する警告表示をするようにしたので、使用者は、電動工
具のモータの回転数低下が電池組の容量低下に伴うもの
であることを理解できる。警告表示は、第２所定電圧の
設定基準に沿ったものとなる。たとえば、第２所定電圧
を電池組が過放電間近になった時の電圧に相当する電圧
とした場合には、過放電間近表示とすればよく、過放電
状態となった直後の電圧に相当する電圧とした場合は、
過放電表示とすればよい。
【００２２】請求項６記載の発明は、請求項１乃至５の
いずれか一に記載の構成に加え、電池組の電池温度を検
出する電池温度検出手段を更に備え、電池温度検出手段
の出力に基づいて電池温度が所定温度を超える異常高温
であると判断したときには、制御手段はスイッチング手
段をオフさせることを特徴としている。
【００２３】電池組が放電を継続すると、放電時間に比
例してジュール熱が発生し、電池組の温度が上昇する。
電池温度が極端な高温になると内部の電解液が沸騰する
という事態に至る。また、電解液の沸騰に至らないまで
も高温下で電池組を放電し続けると、電池寿命を短くす
ることになるので、電池組の温度管理が必要となる。本
発明では、電池温度検出手段を設けて、電池温度が所定
温度を超える異常高温であるかどうかの判断をし、電池
温度が異常高温であると判断したときには、電池組の更
なる放電、すなわち、電動工具の使用を禁止するように
している。
【００２４】請求項７記載の発明は、電動工具の電源と
して使用される電池パックにおいて，複数の素電池を直
列接続してなり、両端極に正極端子と負極端子を夫々接
続した電池組と、電池組の電池電圧を検出する電池電圧
検出手段と、電池組と正極端子間、または電池組と負極
端子間の電流経路をオンオフするスイッチング手段と、
電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を検出する電流検出手
段と、電流検出手段が電池組から電動工具に流れる電流
を検出している期間中に、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第
１所定電圧以下となった時はスイッチング手段をオフさ
せ、第１所定電圧以上第２所定電圧以下となった時はス
イッチング手段を繰り返しオンオフさせる制御手段を備
えたことを特徴としている。
【００２５】このように構成された本発明では、電動工
具の使用中、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第１所定電圧以
上第２所定電圧以下となり、電池組の容量が、たとえ
ば、過放電間近まで減少したことが検出されると、制御
手段はスイッチング手段を制御して電池組から電動工具
に流れる電流を低減させる。この結果、電動工具には継
続して電流は流れるが電流レベルが低下し、電動工具の
モータの回転数は低下する。かかる電動工具の変調動作
から使用者は電池組が過放電間近であることを知ること
ができる。この状態で電動工具の使用を継続し、電池電
圧検出手段の出力が第２所定電圧よりも低い第１所定電
圧以下となり、電池組の容量が、たとえば、過放電状態
に入ったことが検出されると、制御手段はスイッチング
手段を制御して電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を遮断
し、電池組が過放電とならないようにしている。
【００２６】
【発明の実施の形態】本発明の実施の形態による電池パ
ックについて、図１及び図２を用いて説明する。
【００２７】図１は、電池パック１を電動工具２００に
接続した状態の回路図である。電池パック１の正極端子
２と負極端子３は、電動工具２００に設けられている正
極端子２０１と負極端子２０２とそれぞれ接続されてい
る。電動工具２００の正極端子２０１と負極端子２０２
の間には、直流モータ２１０とスイッチ２２０が直列に
接続されている。
【００２８】電池パック１には、素電池１１〜１８を接
続板で直列接続されてなる電池組１０が内包されてい
る。電池組１０は、同一の容量の素電池を用いて構成さ
れるが、実際には、それぞれの素電池１１〜１８の容量
にはバラツキがある。
【００２９】電池パック１と電動工具２００を接続し
て、電動工具２００のスイッチ２２０をオンにした場合
に、電池組１０の正極端子から電動工具２００を介して
電池組１０の負極端子に流れる放電電流経路には、スイ
ッチング部２０，定電圧電源３０，電池電圧検出部４
０，トリガ検出部８０が接続されており、これら各部は
制御手段たるマイクロコンピュータ６０（以下、「マイ
コン６０」という。）に接続されている。電池パック１
には、更に、電池温度検出部５０と表示部９０が含ま
れ、これらもマイコン６０に接続されている。
【００３０】マイコン６０は、中央処理装置（ＣＰＵ）
６１、ＲＯＭ６２、ＲＡＭ６３、タイマ６４、Ａ／Ｄコ
ンバータ６５、出力ポート６６、リセット入力ポート６
７から構成され、これらは内部バスにより相互に接続さ
れている。
【００３１】スイッチング部２０は、電池組１０の負極
側と電池パック１の負極端子３の間に接続されており、
マイコン６０の制御により、電動工具２００に流れる負
荷電流をスイッチングするためのものである。スイッチ
ング部２０は、ＦＥＴ２１、ダイオード２２及び抵抗２
３、２４から構成されており、ＦＥＴ２１のゲートには
抵抗２４を介してマイコン６０の出力ポート６６より制
御信号が印加されるようになっている。ＦＥＴ２１のソ
ース・ドレイン間にはダイオード２２が接続されてお
り、電池組１０の充電時の充電電流経路を構成してい
る。
【００３２】電流検出部７０は、充電中、放電中、ある
いはそれ以外の状態（電池無負荷状態）のいずれである
かを判別するためのものであり、入力側はダイオード２
２のカソードとＦＥＴ２１のドレインの接続点に接続さ
れており、出力側はマイコン６０のＡ／Ｄコンバータ６
５に接続されている。
【００３３】電流検出部７０は、反転増幅回路と非反転
増幅回路の両方を備えた構成で、ＦＥＴ２１のＯＮ抵抗
及びダイオード２２のオン電圧に基づき、その流れる電
流の方向によって生じる電位を、反転増幅及び非反転増
幅する。充電及び放電に対応して反転増幅回路または非
反転増幅回路に出力が生じ、この出力に基づきマイコン
６０のＡ／Ｄコンバータ６５はＡ／Ｄ変換をする。な
お、正確に充電及び放電時の電流値を検出したければ、
低抵抗の電流検出抵抗を電流が流れるループに配置し、
その抵抗に流れる電流の大きさによって生じる電位を演
算増幅器で増幅させ、その出力をＡ／Ｄコンバータ６５
でＡ／Ｄ変換し算出するようにしてもよい。
【００３４】定電圧電源３０は、３端子レギュレータ
（ＲＥＧ．）３１、平滑コンデンサ３２、３３、リセッ
トＩＣ３４から構成されており、定電圧電源３０から出
力される定電圧ＶＣＣは、電池温度検出部５０、マイコ
ン６０及び電流検出部７０、表示部９０の電源となる。
リセットＩＣ３４はマイコン６０のリセット入力ポート
６７に接続されており、マイコン６０を初期状態にする
ためにリセット入力ポート６７にリセット信号を出力す
る。
【００３５】電池電圧検出部４０は、電池組１０の電池
電圧を検出するためのもので、抵抗４１〜４３からな
る。電池組１０の正極端子とアース間に直列接続された
抵抗４１，４２の接続点は、抵抗４３を介してマイコン
６０のＡ／Ｄコンバータ６５に接続されている。Ａ／Ｄ
コンバータ６５からは、検出した電池電圧に対応するデ
ジタル値が出力され、マイコン６０のＣＰＵ６１は、当
該デジタル値と後述する第１所定電圧及び第２所定電圧
とを比較する。第１所定電圧と第２所定電圧はマイコン
６０のＲＯＭ６２に記憶されている。
【００３６】電池温度検出部５０は、電池組１０の近傍
に配置して電池組１０の温度を検出するものであり、感
温素子としてのサーミスタ５１、抵抗５２〜５４から構
成されている。サーミスタ５１は抵抗５３を介してマイ
コン６０のＡ／Ｄコンバータ６５に接続されている。Ａ
／Ｄコンバータ６５からは、検出した電池温度に対応す
るデジタル値が出力され、マイコン６０のＣＰＵ６１
は、当該デジタル値と予め設定した所定値とを比較し、
電池温度が異常高温であるかどうかの判断を行う。
【００３７】トリガ検出部８０は抵抗８１、８２からな
り、電動工具２００のスイッチ２２０のオン動作を検出
する。スイッチ２２０がオフのときはＦＥＴ２１のドレ
インには電池組１０の電圧が印加されず、抵抗８１、８
２によりＡ／Ｄコンバータ６５に入力される電位はＧＮ
Ｄ電位である。一方、スイッチ２２０がオンされれば、
直流モータ２１０の直流抵抗は非常に小さい（数オーム
程度）ので、ＦＥＴ２１のドレイン・ソース間にはほぼ
電池電圧が印加され、この電圧を抵抗８１、８２で分圧
してＡ／Ｄコンバータ６５へ入力し、スイッチ２２０の
オン動作を検出している。
【００３８】表示部９０はＬＥＤ９１、抵抗９２からな
り、マイコン６０の出力ポート６６の出力に応じてＬＥ
Ｄ９１の点灯、点滅制御をしている。表示部９０は、た
とえば、電池温度検出部５０で検出した電池温度が所定
温度よりも高い場合には、電池温度異常表示を行う。
【００３９】次に図１の回路図及び図２のフローチャー
トを参照して動作を説明する。
【００４０】最初に、マイコン６０は、出力ポート６６
をイニシャルセットすると共に、電池組１０が過放電に
なったことを示す過放電Ｆｌａｇフラグ、電池組１０が
過放電間近になったことを示すパルス制御開始Ｆｌａ
ｇ、電池温度が異常な高温になったことを示す電池温度
異常Ｆｌａｇを０にイニシャルセットする（ステップ３
０１）。
【００４１】次いで電池温度異常Ｆｌａｇが１であるか
否かを判別する（ステップ３０２）。後述するように、
電池温度が、たとえば、８０℃に達している場合には、
電池組１０は異常高温状態と判断する。電池組１０は放
電時間に比例してジュール熱を発生するため、過去の使
用状況によっては、新たに使用を開始する段階で既に異
常高温になっている場合がある。異常高温状態にある電
池組１０を使用すると、電池組１０の寿命を低下させる
ことになるので、かかる場合には電池温度が低下するま
で使用を控える必要がある。
【００４２】そこで、ステップ３０２で、電池温度異常
Ｆｌａｇが１の場合、すなわち、電池組１０が異常高温
であると判断した場合には、表示部９０に電池温度が異
常高温である旨の表示をすると共に（ステップ３０
３）、電池温度検出部５０の出力に基づいて電池組１０
が所定の温度まで低下したか否かの判別を行う（ステッ
プ３０４）。所定の温度まで低下しない場合（ステップ
３０４：ＮＯ）はステップ３０２に戻り、電池温度の低
下を待つ。電池温度が所定の温度まで低下した場合は
（ステップ３０４：ＹＥＳ）、電池温度異常Ｆｌａｇを
０にセットし（ステップ３０５）、表示部９０の電池温
度異常表示をオフとし（ステップ３０６）、ステップ３
０２に戻る。
【００４３】ステップ３０２において電池温度異常Ｆｌ
ａｇが１でない場合（ステップ３０２：ＮＯ）、すなわ
ち、電池組１０の温度が異常な高温ではなく使用可能で
あると判断した場合は、次に過放電Ｆｌａｇが１である
か否かを判別する（ステップ３０７）。過放電Ｆｌａｇ
は電池組１０が過放電状態であるかどうかを示すフラグ
で、１の場合には、電池組１０が過放電状態であること
を示し、０の場合には過放電状態にないことを示す。過
放電Ｆｌａｇが１であると判定されると（ステップ３０
７：ＹＥＳ）、出力ポート６６からの出力に従い表示部
９０は電池組１０が過放状態にある旨の表示をし（ステ
ップ３０８）、使用者に電池組１０の充電を促す。
【００４４】次いで、電流検出部７０の出力に基づいて
電池組１０が充電されたか否かの判別を行う（ステップ
３０９）。過放電Ｆｌａｇが１の状態にあるので（ステ
ップ３０７）、電池組１０は充電しない限り使用するこ
とができない。そこで、充電されたかどうかを電池組１
０に流れる電流の向きにより判別している。すなわち、
充電電流はダイオード２２を介して電池組１０の負極側
から正極側に流れるので、電流検出部７０が検出した電
流の方向に従い充電がされたかどうかの判別をしてい
る。ステップ３０９では、充電が一定時間継続して行わ
れた場合に充電が行われたと判別し、ステップ３１０へ
進む。なお、充電は、電池パック１を電動工具２００か
ら取り出し、図示しない充電器に接続することに行う。
【００４５】ステップ３０９で、充電が行われていない
と判断されると（ステップ３０９：ＮＯ）、ステップ３
０２に戻り充電されるのを待つ。ステップ３０９におい
て、電池組１０の充電が完了したと判定されると（ステ
ップ３０９：ＹＥＳ）、過放電Ｆｌａｇを０にセットし
（ステップ３１０）、表示部９０の電池過放電表示をオ
フし（ステップ３１１）、ステップ３０２に戻る。
【００４６】ステップ３０７において過放電Ｆｌａｇが
１でない場合は（ステップ３０７：ＮＯ）、電池温度検
出部５０の出力に基づいて電池組１０の電池温度が異常
な高温状態に達しているか否かの判別を行う（ステップ
３１２）。電池組１０の電池温度が、たとえば、８０℃
を越えるような異常な高温状態の場合は、電池温度異常
Ｆｌａｇを１にセットし（ステップ３１３）、出力ポー
ト６６の出力に従い、表示部９０は電池温度が異常高温
である旨の表示を行う。この場合、出力ポート６６の出
力に従いスイッチング部２０のＦＥＴ２１をオフし（ス
テップ３２７）、ステップ３０２の処理に戻る。
【００４７】ステップ３１２において電池組１０の電池
温度が異常な高温状態でないと判定した場合は（ステッ
プ３１２：ＮＯ）、スイッチング部２０のＦＥＴ２１の
ドレイン・ソース間電圧ＶＤＳを検出する（ステップ３
１５）。次いで、トリガ検出部８０の出力に基づいて電
動工具２００のスイッチ２２０がオンされたか否かの判
別を行う（ステップ３１６）。スイッチ２２０がオンさ
れればＦＥＴ２１のドレイン・ソース間にほぼ電池電圧
が印加されるので、ステップ３１５で検出したドレイン
・ソース間電圧ＶＤＳに基づきスイッチ２２０のオン動
作の検出が可能になる。
【００４８】ステップ３１６においてスイッチ２２０が
オンされてない場合は（ステップ３１６：ＮＯ）、ステ
ップ３０２の処理に戻る。スイッチ２２０がオンされた
場合は（ステップ３１６：ＹＥＳ）、出力ポート６６の
出力に従いスイッチング部２０のＦＥＴ２１をオンし
(ステップ３１７)、電流検出部７０の出力に基づいて電
池組１０が放電中か否かの判別を行う（ステップ３１
８）。放電中でない場合は出力ポート６６の出力に従い
スイッチング部２０のＦＥＴ２１をオフし（ステップ３
２７）、ステップ３０２の処理に戻る。
【００４９】電池組１０が放電中の場合は（ステップ３
１８：ＹＥＳ）、パルス制御開始Ｆｌａｇが１であるか
否かを判別する（ステップ３１９）。パルス制御開始Ｆ
ｌａｇが１の場合は（ステップ３１９：ＹＥＳ）、ステ
ップ３２４の処理へスキップする。
【００５０】ステップ３１９においてパルス制御開始Ｆ
ｌａｇが１でない場合は（ステップ３１９：ＮＯ）、電
池電圧検出部４０の出力に基づいて電池組１０の電池電
圧が第２所定値以下に達したか否かの判別を行う（ステ
ップ３２０）。電池電圧が第２所定値以下かどうかの判
別は、本実施の形態においては、電池組１０が過放電間
近であるかどうかの判別である。過放電間近であるかど
うかは、放電電流の大きさ等によって異なるが、電動工
具に用いられる電池でニカド電池やニッケル水素電池の
場合は、１素電池数に対し０．９〜１．０Ｖ程度、リチ
ウムイオン電池で、例えば３．６Ｖ系のものであれば、
２．５〜２．７Ｖ程度に達していれば放電間近と言え
る。本実施の形態では、素電池数が１０セルなのでニカ
ド電池やニッケル水素電池の場合は９〜１０Ｖの範囲内
の値を第２所定値に設定する。
【００５１】同様に、後述するステップ３２４の第１所
定電圧は、電池組１０が過放電状態にあるかどうかを判
別するための基準電圧であり、よって、第１所定電圧は
第２所定電圧より低い値に設定する。電池組１０が過放
電状態にあるかどうかを判別するための基準電圧は、放
電電流の大きさ等によって異なるが、電動工具に用いら
れる電池でニカド電池やニッケル水素電池の場合は、１
素電池数に対し０．８〜０．９Ｖ程度、リチウムイオン
電池で、例えば３．６Ｖ系のものであれば、２．３〜
２．５Ｖ程度となるので、これらの値を基準に第１所定
値を設定すればよい。
【００５２】電池組１０の電池電圧が第２所定値以下に
なっていない場合は（ステップ３２０：ＮＯ）、引き続
き放電を継続して差し支えないが、放電に伴い電池温度
が上昇するので、ここで電池温度検出部５０の出力に基
づき電池組１０の電池温度が異常な高温状態に達してい
ないかどうかの判別を行う（ステップ３２８）。ここで
の判別は、ステップ３１２と同じ基準で行う。電池組１
０の電池温度が異常な高温状態の場合は（ステップ３２
８：ＹＥＳ）、電池温度異常Ｆｌａｇを１にセットし
（ステップ３２９）、出力ポート６６からの出力に従い
表示部９０は電池温度異常表示を行う（ステップ３３
０）。そして、出力ポート６６の出力でスイッチング部
２０のＦＥＴ２１をオフし（ステップ３２７）、ステッ
プ３０２の処理に戻る。また、ステップ３２８におい
て、電池組１０の電池温度が異常な高温状態でない場合
は（ステップ３２８：ＮＯ）、ステップ３１８の処理に
戻る。
【００５３】ステップ３２０において、電池組１０の電
池電圧が第２所定値以下に達した場合は（ステップ３２
０：ＹＥＳ）、電池組１０が過放電間近になったと判別
し、出力ポート６６の出力に従いスイッチング部２０の
ＦＥＴ２１を所定の周波数でスイッチングするパルス制
御を開始する（ステップ３２１）。パルス制御が開始す
ると、直流モータ２１０に印加される電圧が低下し、直
流モータ２１０の回転数が低下する。電動工具２００の
使用者は、直流モータ２１０の回転数の変動を感知する
ことで、電池組１０が過放電間近になったことを知るこ
とができる。
【００５４】ステップ３２１におけるパルス制御を開始
した後、パルス制御開始Ｆｌａｇを１にセットし（ステ
ップ３２２）、出力ポート６６の出力で表示部９０に電
池過放電間近表示を行わせる（ステップ３２３）。これ
により電動工具２００の使用者は、過放電間近になった
ことを確認することができる。次いで、電池電圧検出部
４０の出力に基づいて、電池組１０の電池電圧が第１所
定値以下に達したか否かの判別を行う（ステップ３２
４）。電池組１０の電池電圧が第１所定値以下になって
いない場合は（ステップ３２４：ＮＯ）、先に述べたス
テップ３２８の処理にスキップする。
【００５５】ステップ３２４において、電池組１０の電
池電圧が第１所定値以下に達した場合は（ステップ３２
４：ＹＥＳ）、電池組１０が過放電状態に入ったと判別
し、電池過放電Ｆｌａｇを１にセットする（ステップ３
２５）。そして、出力ポート６６の出力に従い表示部９
０に電池過放電表示をさせる(ステップ３２６)。次い
で、出力ポート６６の出力に従いスイッチング部２０の
ＦＥＴ２１をオフさせ（ステップ３２７）、ステップ３
０２の処理に戻る。
【００５６】本発明による電池パックは上述した実施の
形態に限定されず、特許請求の範囲に記載した範囲で種
々の変形や改良が可能である。例えば、上記実施の形態
においては、電動工具２００の使用中に電池電圧が第２
所定値以下に低下した場合は、スイッチング部２０を制
御することによりモータ２１０の回転数を強制的に低下
させ（第１の制御）、更に、電池電圧が第２所定値より
も更に低い第１所定値以下に低下した場合には、スイッ
チング部２０を制御してモータ２１０への負荷電流を遮
断するようにしたが（第２の制御）、第１の制御を割愛
し、第２の制御のみを行うようにしてもよいし、逆に第
２の制御を割愛し、第１の制御のみを行うようにしても
よい。後者の変形例の場合には、電池電圧が第１所定値
以下に低下した以降は、電動工具２００による作業を継
続できない程度までモータ２１０の回転数を低下させて
使用者に電池組１０の充電を促すようにし、更に継続し
て使用することにより生ずる電池の過放電を防止する必
要がある。また、後者の変形例で、第１所定値を電池組
１０の過放電状態となる電池電圧を基準に設定せず、過
放電間近の電池電圧を基準に設定してもよい。
【００５７】上記実施の形態において、ステップ３２
０、ステップ３２４における放電中の電池電圧の判別は
直流モータの起動時に大きな電流が瞬間的に流れ、その
結果、それに対応して電池電圧が瞬間的にドロップする
ので、上記ステップの判別にあたってはフロー上では記
載しなかったが時間的考慮が必要である。
【００５８】また上記の実施の形態において、ステップ
３１４、ステップ３３０の電池温度異常表示、ステップ
３２３の電池過放電間近表示、ステップ３２６の電池過
放電表示の表示方法はＬＥＤ９１の点灯方法、すなわち
周期を変えた点滅等で対応してもよいし、図１のブロッ
ク回路図では記載しなかったが、夫々の状態表示に対応
する個数のＬＥＤを配列するようにしてもよい。
【００５９】更に、上記の実施の形態では、スイッチン
グ部２０を電池組１０の負極側と電池パック１の負極端
子３の間に接続したが、電池組１０の正極側と電池パッ
ク１の正極端子２の間に接続してもよい。
【００６０】
【発明の効果】請求項１記載の電池パックによれば、電
池電圧検出手段の出力が所定電圧以下となり、電池組の
容量が低下したことが検出された場合には、電池組から
電動工具に流れる負荷電流の電流値が低減方向に変化す
るように制御したので、これに伴う電動工具の変調動作
から使用者は電池組の放電状態を知ることができる。所
定電圧を電池組が過放電間近になった時の電圧に相当す
る電圧に設定すれば、電動工具の変調動作から使用者は
電池組が過放電間近であることを認知することができ
る。従って、電池パックの過放電防止が可能となり、飛
躍的なサイクル寿命の向上が図れる。
【００６１】請求項２記載の電池パックによれば、電池
電圧検出手段の出力が第１所定電圧以下となり、電池組
の容量が低下したことが検出された場合には、電池組か
ら電動工具に流れる電流を遮断するように制御したの
で、第１の所定電圧を電池組の過放電電圧に相当する電
圧に設定すれば、電池組の過放電を確実に防止すること
ができ、飛躍的なサイクル寿命の向上が図れる。
【００６２】請求項３記載の電池パックによれば、電流
検出手段が電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を検出して
いる期間中に、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第１所定電圧
以下となった時は、表示手段は電池組の放電状態に関す
る警告表示をするので、電動工具のモータの回転停止が
電池組の容量低下に伴うものであることを即座に理解す
ることができる。
【００６３】請求項４記載の電池パックによれば、電流
検出手段が電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を検出して
いる期間中に、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第２所定電圧
以下となったときはスイッチング手段をパルス制御さ
せ、電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を低減し、これに
伴う電動工具の変調動作により電池組の放電状態を知ら
せるようにしたので、使用者に急な使用停止による不快
感を与えることがない。
【００６４】請求項５記載の電池パックによれば、電流
検出手段が電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を検出して
いる期間中に、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第２所定電圧
以下となった時は、電池組の放電状態に関する警告表示
をするようにしたので、電動工具の変調動作が電池組の
容量低下に伴うものであることを即座に理解することが
できる。
【００６５】請求項６記載の電池パックによれば、電池
温度が所定温度を超える異常高温であると判断したとき
には、スイッチング手段をオフさせて電池組の更なる放
電、すなわち、電動工具の使用を禁止するようにしたの
で、電池の破壊や電池寿命の短命化を防止することがで
きる。
【００６６】請求項７記載の電池パックによれば、電流
検出手段が電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を検出して
いる期間中に、電池電圧検出手段の出力が第１所定電圧
以下となった時はスイッチング手段をオフさせて電池組
から電動工具に流れる電流を遮断し、第１所定電圧以上
第２所定電圧以下となったときはスイッチング手段をパ
ルス制御させて電池組から電動工具に流れる電流を低減
するようにしたので、電動工具の使用中、電池電圧検出
手段の出力が第２所定電圧以下であれば、電池組の容量
が、たとえば、過放電間近まで減少したと判断でき、電
池電圧検出手段の出力が第２所定電圧よりも低い第１所
定電圧以下となれば、電池組の容量が、たとえば、過放
電状態に入ったと判断できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の電池パックと電動工具との関係を示す
回路図。
【図２】本発明電池パックの動作説明用フローチャー
ト。
【図３】電池組の放電特性の一例を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
１…電池パック １０…電池組 １１〜１８…素電池 ２０…スイッチング部 ４０…電池電圧検出部 ６０…マイコン ７０…電流検出部 ８０…トリガ検出部 ９０…表示部
フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 5G003 BA03 DA02 DA13 EA06 EA08 5H030 AA04 AA06 AS12 BB21 FF42 FF44

Claims (7)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 【請求項１】 コードレス電動工具の電源として使用さ
    れる電池パックにおいて、 複数の素電池を直列接続してなり、両端極に正極端子と
    負極端子を夫々接続した電池組と、 前記電池組の電池電圧を検出する電池電圧検出手段と、 前記電池組と前記正極端子間、または前記電池組と前記
    負極端子間の電流経路をオンオフするスイッチング手段
    と、 前記電池組から前記コードレス電動工具に流れる負荷電
    流を検出する電流検出手段と、 前記電流検出手段が負荷電流を検出している期間中に、
    前記電池電圧検出手段の出力が所定電圧以下となった時
    は、負荷電流の電流値が低減方向に変化するように前記
    スイッチング手段を制御する制御手段を備えたことを特
    徴とする電池パック。
  2. 【請求項２】 コードレス電動工具の電源として使用さ
    れる電池パックにおいて，複数の素電池を直列接続して
    なり、両端極に正極端子と負極端子を夫々接続した電池
    組と、 前記電池組の電池電圧を検出する電池電圧検出手段と、 前記電池組と前記正極端子間、または前記電池組と前記
    負極端子間の電流経路をオンオフするスイッチング手段
    と、 前記電池組から前記コードレス電動工具に流れる電流を
    検出する電流検出手段と、 前記電流検出手段が前記電池組から前記コードレス電動
    工具に流れる電流を検出している期間中に、前記電池電
    圧検出手段の出力が第１所定電圧以下となった時は前記
    スイッチング手段をオフさせる制御手段を備えたことを
    特徴とする電池パック。
  3. 【請求項３】 表示手段を更に備え、前記電流検出手段
    が前記電池組からコードレス電動工具に流れる電流を検
    出している期間中に、前記電池電圧検出手段の出力が前
    記第１所定電圧以下となった時は、前記表示手段が前記
    電池組の放電状態に関する警告表示をするよう前記制御
    手段が前記表示手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項
    ２記載の電池パック。
  4. 【請求項４】 コードレス電動工具の電源として使用さ
    れる電池パックにおいて，複数の素電池を直列接続して
    なり、両端極に正極端子と負極端子を夫々接続した電池
    組と、 前記電池組の電池電圧を検出する電池電圧検出手段と、 前記電池組と前記正極端子間、または前記電池組と前記
    負極端子間の電流経路をオンオフするスイッチング手段
    と、 前記電池組から前記コードレス電動工具に流れる電流を
    検出する電流検出手段と、 前記電流検出手段が前記電池組から前記コードレス電動
    工具に流れる電流を検出している期間中に、前記電池電
    圧検出手段の出力が第２所定電圧以下となった時は前記
    スイッチング手段を繰り返しオンオフさせる制御手段を
    備えたことを特徴とする電池パック。
  5. 【請求項５】 表示手段を更に備え、前記電流検出手段
    が前記電池組からコードレス電動工具に流れる電流を検
    出している期間中に、前記電池電圧検出手段の出力が第
    ２所定電圧以下となった時は、前記表示手段が前記電池
    組の放電状態に関する警告表示をするよう前記制御手段
    が前記表示手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項４記
    載の電池パック。
  6. 【請求項６】 前記電池組の電池温度を検出する電池温
    度検出手段を更に備え、前記電池温度検出手段の出力に
    基づいて電池温度が所定温度を超える異常高温であると
    判断したときには、前記制御手段は前記スイッチング手
    段をオフさせることを特徴とする請求項１ないし５のい
    ずれか一に記載の電池パック。
  7. 【請求項７】 コードレス電動工具の電源として使用さ
    れる電池パックにおいて，複数の素電池を直列接続して
    なり、両端極に正極端子と負極端子を夫々接続した電池
    組と、 前記電池組の電池電圧を検出する電池電圧検出手段と、 前記電池組と前記正極端子間、または前記電池組と前記
    負極端子間の電流経路をオンオフするスイッチング手段
    と、 前記電池組から前記コードレス電動工具に流れる電流を
    検出する電流検出手段と、 前記電流検出手段が前記電池組から前記コードレス電動
    工具に流れる電流を検出している期間中に、前記電池電
    圧検出手段の出力が第１所定電圧以下となった時は前記
    スイッチング手段をオフさせ、前記第１所定電圧以上で
    第２所定電圧以下となったときは前記スイッチング手段
    を繰り返しオンオフさせる制御手段を備えたことを特徴
    とする電池パック。
JP2001356576A 2001-11-21 2001-11-21 電池パック Pending JP2003164066A (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

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JP2001356576A JP2003164066A (ja) 2001-11-21 2001-11-21 電池パック
DE10254223A DE10254223A1 (de) 2001-11-21 2002-11-20 Batteriesäule und schnurloses, mit elektrischem Antrieb versehenes Werkzeug, das diese als Leistungsversorgung verwendet
CNB021515867A CN100492753C (zh) 2001-11-21 2002-11-21 电池组以及用该电池组作为电源的无绳电动工具
US10/300,911 US20030096158A1 (en) 2001-11-21 2002-11-21 Battery pack and cordless power tool using the same as power source

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2001356576A JP2003164066A (ja) 2001-11-21 2001-11-21 電池パック

Related Child Applications (1)

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Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
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Country Link
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Cited By (240)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005224909A (ja) * 2004-02-13 2005-08-25 Hitachi Koki Co Ltd 電池パック及び電動工具
JP2006281405A (ja) * 2005-04-04 2006-10-19 Hitachi Koki Co Ltd コードレス電動工具
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DE10254223A1 (de) 2003-07-17
CN100492753C (zh) 2009-05-27
US20030096158A1 (en) 2003-05-22

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