JP2003132341A - Fingerprint collation device and method - Google Patents
Fingerprint collation device and methodInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003132341A JP2003132341A JP2001324755A JP2001324755A JP2003132341A JP 2003132341 A JP2003132341 A JP 2003132341A JP 2001324755 A JP2001324755 A JP 2001324755A JP 2001324755 A JP2001324755 A JP 2001324755A JP 2003132341 A JP2003132341 A JP 2003132341A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fingerprint
- pixels
- image data
- white
- finger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/1365—Matching; Classification
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Image Input (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、指紋照合装置およ
び方法に関し、特に指の指紋を示す凹凸を画像データと
して検出し、登録済みの情報と照合を行う指紋照合装置
および方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fingerprint collation apparatus and method, and more particularly to a fingerprint collation apparatus and method for detecting irregularities indicating a fingerprint of a finger as image data and collating with registered information.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】高度情報化社会では、情報処理との親和
性を持って厳密にユーザ本人を認証したいという要求が
高い。特に、予め承認したユーザだけに入室を許可する
入室管理システムや個人情報などの重要な情報を扱うよ
うな情報管理システム、あるいは電子決済を行う決済シ
ステムなどでは、上記のような要求が極めて高い。この
ような要求に対し、半導体装置の製造技術や情報処理技
術をベースとして、電子的に検出した固有の生体情報、
特に指紋に基づきユーザ本人を認証するための認証シス
テムの研究が盛んに行われている。2. Description of the Related Art In a highly information-oriented society, there is a strong demand for strict authentication of a user with affinity for information processing. In particular, the above-mentioned requirements are extremely high in an entrance management system that permits only pre-approved users to enter the room, an information management system that handles important information such as personal information, or a payment system that performs electronic payment. In response to such demands, based on semiconductor device manufacturing technology and information processing technology, electronically detected unique biometric information,
In particular, research on an authentication system for authenticating a user based on a fingerprint has been actively conducted.
【０００３】このような認証システムで指紋照合を行う
場合、指紋の画像を検出できる指紋測定装置と、この指
紋測定装置が読み取った指紋画像と登録済みの特徴情報
とを照合する照合装置が必要となる。図６に、従来の指
紋測定装置として、機械式圧力スイッチにより指が指紋
センサ表面に当てられたことを検出するタイプの装置を
示す。この指紋測定装置では、指紋センサ５１の下に機
械式圧力スイッチ５２が配置されており、この機械式圧
力スイッチ５２に指紋センサ５１が搭載された構成にな
っている。したがって、指５０の押す力によって指紋セ
ンサ５１を押下すると、指紋センサと一緒に機械式圧力
スイッチ５２も押下される。そして、この機械式圧力ス
イッチ５２の押下により指紋センサ５１の画像読み取り
動作が開始され、指紋の認証が行われる。When fingerprint collation is performed by such an authentication system, a fingerprint measuring device capable of detecting a fingerprint image and a collating device for collating the fingerprint image read by the fingerprint measuring device with the registered characteristic information are required. Become. FIG. 6 shows a conventional fingerprint measuring device of a type that detects that a finger is applied to the surface of the fingerprint sensor by a mechanical pressure switch. In this fingerprint measuring device, a mechanical pressure switch 52 is arranged below the fingerprint sensor 51, and the fingerprint sensor 51 is mounted on the mechanical pressure switch 52. Therefore, when the fingerprint sensor 51 is pressed by the pressing force of the finger 50, the mechanical pressure switch 52 is also pressed together with the fingerprint sensor. Then, when the mechanical pressure switch 52 is pressed, the image reading operation of the fingerprint sensor 51 is started, and the fingerprint is authenticated.
【０００４】この場合、機械式圧力スイッチ５２を使用
しているため、指紋測定装置を薄くできず、例えばＩＣ
カードなどには搭載することができないので適用範囲が
限られてしまうという問題があった。本出願人は、これ
を解決する方法として図７に示すような照合方法を提案
している（例えば、特願２０００−２６９７８８号など
参照）。この照合方法では、待機状態における読み取り
画像のうち、全画素数に対する白画素以外の画素の割合
すなわち黒割合の値から指置きを検出し、指紋画像の読
み取りと指紋の認証を開始するものとなっている。In this case, since the mechanical pressure switch 52 is used, the thickness of the fingerprint measuring device cannot be reduced.
Since it cannot be mounted on a card or the like, there is a problem that the applicable range is limited. The present applicant has proposed a collation method as shown in FIG. 7 as a method for solving this (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-269788). In this matching method, the finger placement is detected from the ratio of the pixels other than white pixels to the total number of pixels in the read image in the standby state, that is, the value of the black ratio, and the reading of the fingerprint image and the authentication of the fingerprint are started. ing.
【０００５】すなわち、待機状態に指紋センサで画像デ
ータを読み取り（ステップ２００）、読み取った画像デ
ータの黒割合を計算し（ステップ２０１）、その黒割合
の値が予め設定されているしきい値よりも大きいかどう
かを判定する（ステップ２０２）。ここで、指紋センサ
に指が置かれた場合は、指がない場合と比較して黒割合
が大きくなる。したがって、所定のしきい値を予め設定
しておき、黒割合がそのしきい値より大きい場合は（ス
テップ２０２：ＹＥＳ）、指紋センサに指が置かれてい
ると判断して、指紋センサの全領域で画像を読み取り
（ステップ２０３）、その画像データを用いて指紋照合
を行う（ステップ２０４）ものとなっていた。That is, the image data is read by the fingerprint sensor in the standby state (step 200), the black ratio of the read image data is calculated (step 201), and the value of the black ratio is determined from a preset threshold value. Is also larger (step 202). Here, when the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor, the black ratio becomes larger than when the finger is not placed. Therefore, a predetermined threshold value is set in advance, and when the black ratio is larger than the threshold value (step 202: YES), it is determined that the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor, and all the fingerprint sensors are detected. An image is read in the area (step 203), and fingerprint collation is performed using the image data (step 204).
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このような従来の指紋
照合装置では、機械式圧力スイッチを用いていないため
に、測定装置を薄くできないという問題は発生しない
が、読み取った画像データの黒割合の値から、指がセン
サに置かれたかどうかを判定するため、センサ表面に汚
れがついた場合に指と汚れの区別をすることができな
い。したがって、正確に指置きを検出できず、誤って指
紋照合を開始してしまうという問題点があった。本発明
はこのような課題を解決するためのものであり、センサ
表面に付着している汚れの影響を抑制して指置きを正確
に検出できる指紋照合装置および方法を提供することを
目的としている。In such a conventional fingerprint collation device, since no mechanical pressure switch is used, the problem that the measuring device cannot be thinned does not occur, but the black ratio of the read image data is Since the value is used to determine whether or not the finger is placed on the sensor, it is not possible to distinguish between the finger and the dirt when the sensor surface is soiled. Therefore, there is a problem that the finger placement cannot be accurately detected and the fingerprint collation is erroneously started. The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fingerprint collation apparatus and method capable of accurately detecting finger placement by suppressing the influence of dirt adhering to the sensor surface. .
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】このような目的を達成す
るために、本発明にかかる指紋照合装置は、指の指紋を
示す凹凸を画像データとして検出し、登録済みの情報と
照合を行う指紋照合装置において、指紋の紋様を示す凹
凸を電気量に変換する複数の検出セルからなり、これら
検出セルの出力を白から黒までの濃淡を示す階調値を有
する複数の画素から構成された画像データとして読み取
る指紋センサと、指紋の紋様データが予め登録されてい
る指紋辞書と、この指紋辞書に登録されている指紋の紋
様データと指紋読み取り部で読み取られた指紋画像デー
タとを比較照合する指紋照合部と、指紋読み取り部が読
み取った複数の画像データから得られた白以外の画素の
数の変化に基づき、指紋センサへ指が置かれたことを検
出し、指紋センサへの指置きを検出した後、指紋照合部
による比較照合を行う動作切替部とを備えるものであ
る。In order to achieve such an object, a fingerprint collating apparatus according to the present invention detects irregularities indicating a fingerprint of a finger as image data and collates with registered information. In the collation device, an image composed of a plurality of detection cells that convert the unevenness indicating the fingerprint pattern into an electric quantity, and the output of these detection cells is composed of a plurality of pixels having gradation values indicating the shades from white to black. A fingerprint sensor that reads as data, a fingerprint dictionary in which fingerprint pattern data is registered in advance, and a fingerprint that compares and collates the fingerprint pattern data registered in this fingerprint dictionary with the fingerprint image data read by the fingerprint reading unit. The fingerprint sensor detects when a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor based on the change in the number of pixels other than white obtained from the multiple image data read by the matching unit and the fingerprint reading unit. After placing detects the finger, those comprising an operation switching unit that performs comparison and collation by the fingerprint collating unit.
【０００８】動作切替部で、指置きを検出する際に用い
る画像データとしては、指紋センサに設けられた一部の
検出セルを複数含む小領域を用いて読み取った画像デー
タを用いるようにしてもよい。指置きの判断について
は、動作切替部で、指紋センサで連続して読み取った２
つの画像データから、各画素データのうち白以外の画素
の数の割合を示す黒割合をそれぞれ算出し、得られた２
つの黒割合の変化量が予め設定されたしきい値を上回っ
た場合に、指紋センサへの指置きありと判断するように
してもよい。白以外の画素の数として、白以外の階調を
有する画素のうち、所定範囲の階調値を有する画素の数
を用いるようにしてもよい。動作切替部で、指紋読み取
り部が読み取った３つ以上の画像データから白以外の画
素の数の変化を複数取得し、これら複数の白以外の画素
の数の変化に基づき、指紋センサへ指が置かれたことを
検出するようにしてもよい。As the image data used for detecting the finger placement in the operation switching section, the image data read using a small area including a plurality of some detection cells provided in the fingerprint sensor may be used. Good. Regarding the finger placement judgment, the operation switching unit continuously read with the fingerprint sensor.
From each image data, the black ratio indicating the ratio of the number of pixels other than white in each pixel data is calculated,
If the change amount of one black ratio exceeds a preset threshold value, it may be determined that a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor. As the number of pixels other than white, the number of pixels having a gradation value in a predetermined range among pixels having gradations other than white may be used. The operation switching unit acquires a plurality of changes in the number of pixels other than white from the three or more image data read by the fingerprint reading unit, and based on these changes in the number of pixels other than white, the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor. You may make it detect that it was placed.
【０００９】また、本発明にかかる指紋照合方法は、指
紋の紋様を示す凹凸を電気量に変換する複数の検出セル
からなる指紋センサで、これら検出セルの出力を白から
黒までの濃淡を示す階調値を有する複数の画素から構成
された画像データとして読み取り、指紋辞書に登録され
ている指紋の紋様データと指紋読み取り部で読み取られ
た指紋画像データとを指紋照合部で比較照合する指紋照
合装置の指紋照合方法において、指紋照合装置に設けら
れた動作切替部で、指紋読み取り部が読み取った複数の
画像データから得られた白以外の画素の数の変化に基づ
き、指紋センサへ指が置かれたことを検出し、指紋セン
サへの指置きを検出した後、指紋照合部による比較照合
を行うようにしたものである。Further, the fingerprint collation method according to the present invention is a fingerprint sensor comprising a plurality of detection cells for converting the unevenness showing the fingerprint pattern into an electric quantity, and the output of these detection cells shows the shade from white to black. Fingerprint collation in which fingerprint pattern data that is read as image data composed of a plurality of pixels having gradation values and is registered in the fingerprint dictionary and fingerprint image data read by the fingerprint reading unit are compared and collated by the fingerprint collating unit. In the fingerprint matching method of the device, a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor based on a change in the number of pixels other than white obtained from a plurality of image data read by the fingerprint reading unit by an operation switching unit provided in the fingerprint matching device. The fingerprint collation unit performs comparison and collation after detecting that the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor.
【００１０】動作切替部で、指置きを検出する際に用い
る画像データとして、指紋センサに設けられた一部の検
出セルを複数含む小領域を用いて読み取った画像データ
を用いるようにしてもよい。指置きの判断については、
動作切替部で、指紋センサで連続して読み取った２つの
画像データから、各画素データのうち白以外の画素の数
の割合を示す黒割合をそれぞれ算出し、得られた２つの
黒割合の変化量が予め設定されたしきい値を上回った場
合に、指紋センサへの指置きありと判断するようにして
もよい。白以外の画素の数として、白以外の階調を有す
る画素のうち、所定範囲の階調値を有する画素の数を用
いるようにしてもよい。動作切替部で、指紋読み取り部
が読み取った３つ以上の画像データから白以外の画素の
数の変化を複数取得し、これら複数の白以外の画素の数
の変化に基づき、指紋センサへ指が置かれたことを検出
するようにしてもよい。As the image data used for detecting the finger placement in the operation switching unit, the image data read using a small area including a plurality of some detection cells provided in the fingerprint sensor may be used. . For finger placement judgment,
In the operation switching unit, the black ratio indicating the ratio of the number of pixels other than white in each pixel data is calculated from the two image data continuously read by the fingerprint sensor, and the change of the two black ratios obtained If the amount exceeds a preset threshold value, it may be determined that the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor. As the number of pixels other than white, the number of pixels having a gradation value in a predetermined range among pixels having gradations other than white may be used. The operation switching unit acquires a plurality of changes in the number of pixels other than white from the three or more image data read by the fingerprint reading unit, and based on these changes in the number of pixels other than white, the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor. You may make it detect that it was placed.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、本発明の実施の形態につい
て図面を参照して説明する。図１は、本発明の実施の形
態にかかる指紋照合装置の構成を示すブロック図であ
る。この指紋照合装置には、指紋の紋様を画像データと
して読み取る指紋センサ１、読み取った画像データにノ
イズ除去や二値化などの画像処理を加える指紋画像処理
部２、指紋画像処理部２により画像処理された指紋画像
と指紋辞書５に予め登録されている登録指紋画像とを比
較照合する指紋照合部３、指紋センサ１の読み取った画
像データの状態変化により動作を切り替える動作切替部
４、指紋センサ１への指置き有無を判断するためのデー
タや各種処理に必要な情報を記憶するメモリが設けられ
ている。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fingerprint collation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this fingerprint collation device, a fingerprint sensor 1 that reads a fingerprint pattern as image data, a fingerprint image processing unit 2 that adds image processing such as noise removal and binarization to the read image data, and image processing by the fingerprint image processing unit 2 are performed. The fingerprint collation unit 3 for comparing and collating the fingerprint image thus registered with the registered fingerprint image registered in advance in the fingerprint dictionary 5, the operation switching unit 4 for switching the operation depending on the state change of the image data read by the fingerprint sensor 1, the fingerprint sensor 1 A memory is provided for storing data for determining whether or not a finger is placed on the finger and information necessary for various processes.
【００１２】図２に指紋センサ１のセンサ表面を示す。
指紋センサ１には、センサ表面上部に配置された物体ま
での距離を検出する検出セル１Ａがマトリクス状に配置
されている。この検出セル１Ａとしては、例えば静電容
量を検出するセンサや、光量を検出するセンサ（例えば
フォトダイオード）を利用できる。静電容量を検出する
タイプの場合、検出セル１Ａは、例えば上部の物体が接
触している状態を「０」とし、上部の物体が検出不可能
な距離まで離れた状態を「２５５」とし、上部に存在す
る物体までの距離に対応して２５６階調の多値信号を出
力する。FIG. 2 shows the sensor surface of the fingerprint sensor 1.
The fingerprint sensor 1 has detection cells 1A arranged in a matrix for detecting a distance to an object arranged on the upper surface of the sensor. As the detection cell 1A, for example, a sensor that detects capacitance or a sensor (for example, photodiode) that detects the amount of light can be used. In the case of a type that detects capacitance, the detection cell 1A has, for example, a state where the upper object is in contact with “0”, and a state where the upper object is distant to an undetectable distance is “255”, A multi-valued signal with 256 gradations is output corresponding to the distance to the object existing above.
【００１３】このような指紋センサ１に指の指紋部分が
置かれる（接触する）と、各検出セル１Ａは、上部の指
紋の凹凸に対応して、凸部については「０」に近い値を
出力し、凹部については「２５５」に近い値を出力す
る。したがって、検出セル１Ａのマトリクス配置の状態
と、上述した各検出セル１Ａの出力値に濃淡を反映させ
て合成すれば、指紋の紋様に対応した画像データが得ら
れる。指紋を指紋センサ１で検出したときの検出する濃
淡の階調ごとの検出セル１Ａ（画素）の数は、図３のヒ
ストグラムで示されるようになる。ここでは，階調０が
黒（真黒）、階調２５５が白（真白）を示し、その間の
階調（１〜２５４）がグレーを示すことになる。When the fingerprint portion of the finger is placed (contacted) on such a fingerprint sensor 1, each detection cell 1A has a value close to "0" for the convex portion corresponding to the irregularities of the fingerprint on the upper side. A value close to "255" is output for the concave portion. Therefore, when the state of the matrix arrangement of the detection cells 1A and the output value of each detection cell 1A described above are reflected and combined, image data corresponding to the fingerprint pattern can be obtained. The number of detection cells 1A (pixels) for each gradation of light and shade detected when a fingerprint is detected by the fingerprint sensor 1 is as shown by the histogram in FIG. Here, the gradation 0 indicates black (true black), the gradation 255 indicates white (true white), and the gradations (1 to 254) between them indicate gray.
【００１４】図４は、白以外の濃淡を持つ画素の数の変
化を示すグラフであり、指紋センサ１に指を置いた時の
画素分布２１と、離した時の画素分布２２が示されてい
る。このように、指が置かれていない時に読み込んだ画
像データでは、白（階調が２５５）以外の濃淡を持つ画
素すなわち非白画素の数（階調が０〜２５４の画素数）
は少ないが、指を置いた後に読み込んだ画像データの非
白画素数は急激に増え、指の状態に対応する値になって
一定となる。そして指を離した後に読み込んだ画像デー
タの非白画素数は再び少なくなる。FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the number of pixels having shades other than white, and shows a pixel distribution 21 when the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor 1 and a pixel distribution 22 when the finger is separated. There is. As described above, in the image data read when the finger is not placed, the number of pixels having shades other than white (the gradation is 255), that is, the non-white pixels (the number of the gradations of 0 to 254)
However, the number of non-white pixels in the image data read after the finger is placed rapidly increases and becomes a constant value corresponding to the state of the finger. Then, the number of non-white pixels in the image data read after the finger is released again decreases.
【００１５】本実施の形態では、動作切替部４を用い
て、指紋センサ１の小領域１１内に配置されている各検
出セル１Ａで検出された濃淡の階調データにより、白以
外の階調を出力する検出セルの数すなわち画素数を算出
し、その数の時間変化量を検出して指紋センサ１に指が
置かれたことを判定し、待機状態と認証動作状態とを切
り替えるようにしたものである。In the present embodiment, by using the operation switching section 4, the grayscale data of the grayscale detected by each of the detection cells 1A arranged in the small area 11 of the fingerprint sensor 1 is used to produce grayscales other than white. The number of detection cells that output is output, that is, the number of pixels, is calculated, and it is determined that a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor 1 by detecting the time change amount of the number, and the standby state and the authentication operation state are switched. It is a thing.
【００１６】次に、図５を参照して、本実施の形態にか
かる指紋照合装置の動作について説明する。図５は本実
施の形態にかかる指紋照合装置の動作を示すフローチャ
ートである。まず、動作切替部４では、指置きが検出さ
れていない待機状態において、図２に示す小領域１１の
領域だけで画像読み取りを行い（ステップ１００）、読
み取った画像に含まれる非白画素（階調０〜２５４の画
素）の割合すなわち黒割合を算出する（ステップ１０
１）。Next, the operation of the fingerprint collation device according to this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the fingerprint collation device according to this embodiment. First, in the operation switching unit 4, in the standby state in which the finger placement is not detected, the image is read only in the area of the small area 11 shown in FIG. 2 (step 100), and the non-white pixels (the floor) included in the read image are read. The ratio of the pixels of keys 0 to 254), that is, the black ratio is calculated (step 10).
1).
【００１７】続いて、上記黒割合と直前に算出した黒割
合の値とを比較し、連続して取り込んだ２つの画像デー
タの黒割合の変化量を算出する（ステップ１０２）。ス
テップ１００で小領域１１から読み取った画像の画素数
をＮ、その画像に含まれている非白画素数をＢとする
と、そのときの黒割合Ｐは、
Ｐ＝Ｂ／Ｎ
で求められる。また、前回の黒割合をＰ’とすると、黒
割合の変化量ΔＰは、
ΔＰ＝Ｐ−Ｐ’
で求められる。なお、変化量ΔＰについては、ＰとＰ’
との差を示す絶対量でもよく、ＰとＰ’との比率を示す
変化率、
ΔＰ＝Ｐ／Ｐ’
であってもよい。Then, the black ratio is compared with the value of the black ratio calculated immediately before, and the change amount of the black ratio of the two image data that has been continuously captured is calculated (step 102). Assuming that the number of pixels of the image read from the small area 11 in step 100 is N and the number of non-white pixels included in the image is B, the black ratio P at that time is obtained by P = B / N. Further, when the previous black ratio is P ′, the change amount ΔP of the black ratio is calculated by ΔP = P−P ′. Note that the change amount ΔP is P and P ′.
It may be an absolute amount indicating the difference between P and P ', or a change rate indicating the ratio between P and P', or ΔP = P / P '.
【００１８】次に、その黒割合の変化量と、予め設定し
ておいたしきい値とを比較する（ステップ１０３）。こ
こで、指紋センサ１に指が置かれると、小領域１１内の
いくつかの検出セル１Ａは、濃淡の階調がそれまで２５
５であったものが、２５５以外のデータを出力するよう
に変化するので、黒割合の変化量が増加する。したがっ
て、その変化量がしきい値を超えた場合には（ステップ
１０３）、指が置かれたと判断して、当該指紋照合装置
の動作を待機状態における指置き検出処理（ステップ１
００〜１０３）から指紋照合処理（ステップ１０４，１
０５）へ切り替える。Next, the change amount of the black ratio is compared with a preset threshold value (step 103). Here, when a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor 1, some of the detection cells 1A in the small area 11 have a gray scale of 25 or less until then.
Since the value of 5 changes so as to output data other than 255, the amount of change in the black ratio increases. Therefore, when the amount of change exceeds the threshold value (step 103), it is determined that the finger is placed, and the operation of the fingerprint collation apparatus is in the finger placement detection process in the standby state (step 1
Fingerprint matching processing (steps 104, 1)
Switch to 05).
【００１９】そして、指紋センサ１の全領域の検出セル
１Ａを用いて画像読み取りを行い（ステップ１０４）、
読み取った指紋画像の認証を指紋照合部３で行う（ステ
ップ１０５）。指紋照合部３では、読み取った指紋画像
と指紋辞書５の登録指紋画像とが、所定の許容誤差内で
一致するか否かにより照合判定される。Then, an image is read using the detection cells 1A in the entire area of the fingerprint sensor 1 (step 104),
The fingerprint collation unit 3 authenticates the read fingerprint image (step 105). The fingerprint collation unit 3 makes collation determination depending on whether or not the read fingerprint image and the registered fingerprint image in the fingerprint dictionary 5 match within a predetermined tolerance.
【００２０】一方、ステップ１０３において、黒割合の
変化量がしきい値以下であった場合（ステップ１０３：
ＮＯ）、当該指紋照合装置の動作を指紋照合処理へ切り
替えずに、ステップ１０１で得られた黒割合をメモリ６
に保存し（ステップ１０６）、ステップ１００に戻っ
て、小領域１１内の検出セル１Ａを用いた指置き検出処
理（ステップ１００〜１０３）を繰り返し行う。これに
より、指紋センサ１に汚れが付いていた場合でも、黒割
合の変化量は変わらないことから、汚れなど指とは異な
るものを非白画素として検出した場合でも、指置きを精
度よく検出できる。On the other hand, in step 103, when the change amount of the black ratio is less than or equal to the threshold value (step 103:
NO), the black ratio obtained in step 101 is stored in the memory 6 without switching the operation of the fingerprint matching device to the fingerprint matching process.
(Step 106), the process returns to Step 100, and the finger placement detection process (Steps 100 to 103) using the detection cell 1A in the small area 11 is repeated. As a result, even if the fingerprint sensor 1 is soiled, the amount of change in the black ratio does not change, so that finger placement can be accurately detected even when something different from the finger such as dirt is detected as a non-white pixel. .
【００２１】このように、本実施の形態では、指紋セン
サ１の小領域１１は常に検出状態とし、連続して読み取
った２つの画像データの小領域における黒割合の変化量
が予め設定しておいたしきい値を上回った場合に、指紋
センサ１に指が置かれたと判断するようにした。この結
果、本実施の形態によれば、機械式圧力スイッチを用い
ることなく、指紋センサ１への指置きを検出して待機状
態と指紋認証動作状態を切り替えることができる。ま
た、センサ表面に予め汚れが付着していたとしても、正
確に指置きを検出でき、誤って待機状態と指紋認証動作
状態とを切り替えることはない。As described above, in the present embodiment, the small area 11 of the fingerprint sensor 1 is always in the detection state, and the change amount of the black ratio in the small areas of the two image data read continuously is set in advance. When the threshold value is exceeded, it is determined that the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor 1. As a result, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to detect the finger placement on the fingerprint sensor 1 and switch between the standby state and the fingerprint authentication operation state without using a mechanical pressure switch. Even if the sensor surface is preliminarily soiled, the finger placement can be accurately detected, and the standby state and the fingerprint authentication operation state will not be mistakenly switched.
【００２２】また、小領域１１として、指紋照合と比較
して狭い領域を設け、その領域の検出セル１Ａで読み取
った画像に基づき指置き検出を行うようにしたので、静
電容量を検出する複数の検出セルがマトリクス状に配置
された指紋センサの場合には、その検出に要する画素数
を削減でき、指置き検出に要する時間を短縮できる。な
お、指置き検出は、指紋センサ１の全域で行うようにし
ても良い。電荷転送素子（ＣＣＤ）などのイメージセン
サを指紋センサに用いる場合には、全域で検出するよう
にしても小領域で検出するようにしても検出にかかる時
間に大きな差は発生しない。Further, a small area is provided as the small area 11 as compared with the fingerprint collation, and finger placement detection is performed based on the image read by the detection cell 1A in that area. In the case of the fingerprint sensor in which the detection cells are arranged in a matrix, the number of pixels required for the detection can be reduced, and the time required for the finger placement detection can be shortened. The finger placement detection may be performed on the entire area of the fingerprint sensor 1. When an image sensor such as a charge transfer device (CCD) is used as a fingerprint sensor, no significant difference occurs in the detection time regardless of whether it is detected over the entire area or a small area.
【００２３】小領域１１の位置については、指紋センサ
１に対して指が最初に接触する位置、具体的には指紋セ
ンサ１の中央位置に配置することにより、指置きを早期
に判断でき、指紋照合終了までの全体の処理に要する時
間を短縮できる。また、指を指紋センサ１へ置く動作に
おいて、指の左右方向に比較して前後方向にずれやすい
ため、小領域１１を指の長手方向に長い辺を有する長方
形の形状とすることにより、指置き位置のずれをある程
度吸収して安定した指置き検出を行うことができる。As for the position of the small area 11, by arranging the small area 11 at the position where the finger first comes into contact with the fingerprint sensor 1, specifically, at the center position of the fingerprint sensor 1, it is possible to judge the finger placement at an early stage. It is possible to reduce the time required for the entire processing until the end of matching. Further, when the finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor 1, it is easy to shift in the front-back direction as compared with the left-right direction of the finger. Therefore, by making the small region 11 into a rectangular shape having a long side in the longitudinal direction of the finger, The positional displacement can be absorbed to some extent and stable finger placement detection can be performed.
【００２４】なお、小領域１１の位置については中央位
置に限定されるものではなく、中央からずれた場所に設
けてもよい。また、図２に示したように、中央位置では
なく他の位置に設けられた小領域１２Ａ，１２Ｂのよう
な複数の小領域で行うようにしてもよい。さらに、小領
域１１内のすべての検出セル１Ａを用いる必要はなく、
間隔をあけて選択した複数の検出セル１Ａを用いてもよ
く、これにより処理対象画素数を削減でき、指置き検出
処理の所要時間を短縮できる。The position of the small area 11 is not limited to the central position, but may be provided at a position deviated from the central position. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, it may be performed in a plurality of small areas such as small areas 12A and 12B provided at other positions than the central position. Furthermore, it is not necessary to use all the detection cells 1A in the small area 11,
A plurality of detection cells 1A selected at intervals may be used, which can reduce the number of pixels to be processed and shorten the time required for the finger placement detection process.
【００２５】また、指置き検出処理では、待機状態にお
ける指紋センサが読み取った画像データの状態を示す指
標として、非白画素（階調が０〜２５４）の画素の割合
を示す黒割合を用いるようにしたが、これに限るもので
はない。この指標として任意の階調範囲、例えば階調０
〜１００を有する検出セルの数の割合を用い、その変化
量に基づき指置き有無を判定するようにしてもよい。こ
れにより、指以外のものが非白画素として検出される場
合でも、その階調を避けた階調範囲を用いることによ
り、正確に指置きを検出できる。In the finger placement detection process, the black ratio indicating the ratio of non-white pixels (gradation 0 to 254) is used as an index indicating the state of the image data read by the fingerprint sensor in the standby state. However, it is not limited to this. As an index, an arbitrary gradation range, for example, gradation 0
The presence / absence of finger placement may be determined based on the amount of change using the ratio of the number of detection cells having 100 to 100. As a result, even when an object other than the finger is detected as a non-white pixel, the finger placement can be accurately detected by using the gradation range that avoids the gradation.
【００２６】また、指置き検出処理では、待機状態に連
続して取り込んだ２つの画像データの黒割合の変化量を
算出して、その変化量が予め設定したしきい値を超えた
場合に指置きありと判定する場合について説明したが、
画像データの数について３つ以上用いてもよい。例え
ば、待機状態に連続した３つの画像データを取り込み、
その中の連続した２つの画像データの黒割合の変化量を
算出して、初めの２つの画像データにおける黒割合の変
化量と後の２つの黒割合の変化量が、それぞれ予め設定
したしきい値を超える場合に、待機状態と認証状態を切
り替えるようにしてもよい。このようにすることで、ノ
イズなどによる一時的な黒割合の変化による誤検出を防
止することができる。なお、黒割合については、例えば
図４に示したように、指置きまたは指離しの際、ある程
度の傾斜を持って変化する。したがって、この黒割合の
変化よりも短い周期で画像データを取り込むことによ
り、黒割合の増加や減少を複数回にわたり連続して検出
でき、さらに確実に指置きを検出できる。In the finger placement detection process, the change amount of the black ratio of the two image data continuously captured in the standby state is calculated, and when the change amount exceeds the preset threshold value, the finger position is detected. I explained about the case of judging that there is storage,
You may use three or more about the number of image data. For example, capture three consecutive image data in the standby state,
The amount of change in the black ratio of two consecutive image data therein is calculated, and the amount of change in the black ratio in the first two image data and the amount of change in the two subsequent black ratios are respectively set to predetermined thresholds. If the value is exceeded, the standby state and the authentication state may be switched. By doing so, it is possible to prevent erroneous detection due to a temporary change in the black ratio due to noise or the like. Note that the black ratio changes with a certain degree of inclination when the finger is placed or released, as shown in FIG. 4, for example. Therefore, by capturing the image data in a cycle shorter than the change of the black ratio, the increase or decrease of the black ratio can be continuously detected a plurality of times, and the finger placement can be detected more reliably.
【００２７】[0027]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明は、指紋照
合装置に設けられた動作切替部で、指紋読み取り部が読
み取った複数の画像データから得られた白以外の画素の
数の変化に基づき、指紋センサへ指が置かれたことを検
出し、指紋センサへの指置きを検出した後、指紋照合部
による比較照合を行うようにしたので、機械式圧力スイ
ッチを用いなくても、指が置かれた状態を検出して指紋
認証動作が始まるので、指紋照合装置をより薄くできる
という優れた効果が得られる。また、複数の画像データ
から得られた白以外の画素の数の変化に基づき指置きの
有無を判断しているため、センサ表面に汚れが付着して
いた場合でも、指置きの有無を正確に判断できる。As described above, according to the present invention, in the operation switching unit provided in the fingerprint collation device, the change in the number of pixels other than white obtained from the plurality of image data read by the fingerprint reading unit can be prevented. Based on the detection of the finger placed on the fingerprint sensor based on this, after the finger placement on the fingerprint sensor is detected, the fingerprint collation unit performs comparison and collation, so that even if the mechanical pressure switch is not used, Since the fingerprint authentication operation is started by detecting the state of being placed, the excellent effect that the fingerprint collation device can be made thinner can be obtained. In addition, since the presence / absence of finger placement is determined based on the change in the number of pixels other than white obtained from multiple image data, the presence / absence of finger placement can be accurately determined even if dirt is attached to the sensor surface. I can judge.
【図１】 本発明の一実施の形態にかかる指紋照合装置
の構成を示すブロック図である。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fingerprint collation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】 指紋センサのセンサ表面を示す説明図であ
る。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a sensor surface of a fingerprint sensor.
【図３】 読み取った画像データの階調ヒストグラムを
示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing a gradation histogram of read image data.
【図４】 白以外の濃淡を持つ画素の数の変化を示すグ
ラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the number of pixels having shades other than white.
【図５】 本発明の実施形態における指紋照合装置の動
作を示すフローチャートである。FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an operation of the fingerprint collation device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
【図６】 従来の指紋照合装置を示す構成図である。FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing a conventional fingerprint matching device.
【図７】 従来の他の指紋照合方法を示すフローチャー
トである。FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing another conventional fingerprint matching method.
１…指紋センサ、２…指紋画像処理部、３…指紋照合
部、４…動作切替部、５…指紋辞書、６…メモリ、１
１，１２Ａ，１２Ｂ…小領域。DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fingerprint sensor, 2 ... Fingerprint image processing unit, 3 ... Fingerprint matching unit, 4 ... Operation switching unit, 5 ... Fingerprint dictionary, 6 ... Memory, 1
1, 12A, 12B ... Small areas.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 山口 力 東京都千代田区大手町二丁目３番１号 日 本電信電話株式会社内 (72)発明者 首藤 啓樹 東京都千代田区大手町二丁目３番１号 日 本電信電話株式会社内 (72)発明者 久良木 億 東京都千代田区大手町二丁目３番１号 日 本電信電話株式会社内 (72)発明者 小林 一夫 東京都渋谷区道玄坂一丁目12番１号 エヌ ティティエレクトロニクス株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 2F065 AA49 BB05 CC16 FF04 FF63 JJ03 QQ38 4C038 FF01 FG00 5B047 AA25 AB02 BA02 BB04 BC14 BC23 CA02 CB22 DC09 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi 2-3-1, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroki Suto 2-3-1, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (72) Inventor Tsutomu Kuraki 2-3-1, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (72) Inventor Kazuo Kobayashi 12-12 Dogenzaka, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo N Titi Electronics Co., Ltd. F term (reference) 2F065 AA49 BB05 CC16 FF04 FF63 JJ03 QQ38 4C038 FF01 FG00 5B047 AA25 AB02 BA02 BB04 BC14 BC23 CA02 CB22 DC09
Claims (10)
検出し、登録済みの情報と照合を行う指紋照合装置にお
いて、 指紋の紋様を示す凹凸を電気量に変換する複数の検出セ
ルからなり、これら検出セルの出力を白から黒までの濃
淡を示す階調値を有する複数の画素から構成された画像
データとして読み取る指紋センサと、 指紋の紋様データが予め登録されている指紋辞書と、 この指紋辞書に登録されている指紋の紋様データと前記
指紋読み取り部で読み取られた指紋画像データとを比較
照合する指紋照合部と、 前記指紋読み取り部が読み取った複数の画像データから
得られた白以外の画素の数の変化に基づき、前記指紋セ
ンサへ指が置かれたことを検出し、前記指紋センサへの
指置きを検出した後、前記指紋照合部による比較照合を
行う動作切替部とを備えることを特徴とする指紋照合装
置。1. A fingerprint collation device for detecting irregularities indicating a fingerprint of a finger as image data and collating with registered information, comprising a plurality of detection cells for converting irregularities indicating a fingerprint pattern into an electric quantity, A fingerprint sensor that reads the output of these detection cells as image data composed of a plurality of pixels having gradation values that show shades from white to black, a fingerprint dictionary in which fingerprint pattern data is registered in advance, and this fingerprint A fingerprint collation unit that compares and collates the fingerprint pattern data registered in the dictionary with the fingerprint image data read by the fingerprint reading unit, and other than white obtained from the plurality of image data read by the fingerprint reading unit. Based on the change in the number of pixels, it is detected that a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor, and after the finger placement on the fingerprint sensor is detected, the comparison by the fingerprint collation unit is performed. Fingerprint collation apparatus characterized by comprising a work switching unit.
像データとして、前記指紋センサに設けられた一部の検
出セルを複数含む小領域を用いて読み取った画像データ
を用いることを特徴とする指紋照合装置。2. The fingerprint collation device according to claim 1, wherein the operation switching unit includes a plurality of small detection cells provided in the fingerprint sensor as the image data used when detecting finger placement. A fingerprint collation device characterized by using image data read using a region.
た２つの画像データから、各画素データのうち白以外の
画素の数の割合を示す黒割合をそれぞれ算出し、得られ
た２つの黒割合の変化量が予め設定されたしきい値を上
回った場合に、前記指紋センサへの指置きありと判断す
ることを特徴とする指紋照合装置。3. The fingerprint collation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the operation switching unit calculates a ratio of the number of pixels other than white in each pixel data from two image data read continuously by the fingerprint sensor. Fingerprint collation characterized in that each of the black ratios shown is calculated, and if the obtained change amount of the two black ratios exceeds a preset threshold value, it is determined that a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor. apparatus.
白以外の階調を有する画素のうち、所定範囲の階調値を
有する画素の数を用いることを特徴とする指紋照合装
置。4. The fingerprint collation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the operation switching unit has a gradation value within a predetermined range among the pixels having gradations other than white as the number of pixels other than white. A fingerprint collation device characterized by using the number of pixels.
つ以上の画像データから白以外の画素の数の変化を複数
取得し、これら複数の白以外の画素の数の変化に基づ
き、前記指紋センサへ指が置かれたことを検出すること
を特徴とする指紋照合装置。5. The fingerprint collation device according to claim 1, wherein the operation switching unit is read by the fingerprint reading unit.
A plurality of changes in the number of pixels other than white are acquired from one or more image data, and it is detected that a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor based on the changes in the number of pixels other than the plurality of white pixels. Fingerprint matching device.
る複数の検出セルからなる指紋センサで、これら検出セ
ルの出力を白から黒までの濃淡を示す階調値を有する複
数の画素から構成された画像データとして読み取り、指
紋辞書に登録されている指紋の紋様データと前記指紋読
み取り部で読み取られた指紋画像データとを指紋照合部
で比較照合する指紋照合装置の指紋照合方法において、 前記指紋照合装置に設けられた動作切替部で、 前記指紋読み取り部が読み取った複数の画像データから
得られた白以外の画素の数の変化に基づき、前記指紋セ
ンサへ指が置かれたことを検出し、 前記指紋センサへの指置きを検出した後、前記指紋照合
部による比較照合を行うことを特徴とする指紋照合方
法。6. A fingerprint sensor comprising a plurality of detection cells for converting unevenness showing a fingerprint pattern into an electric quantity, wherein the output of these detection cells is made up of a plurality of pixels having gradation values showing shades of white to black. A fingerprint matching method of a fingerprint matching device, wherein fingerprint fingerprint data registered in a fingerprint dictionary and fingerprint image data read by the fingerprint reading unit are compared and matched by a fingerprint matching unit. An operation switching unit provided in the fingerprint matching device detects that a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor based on a change in the number of pixels other than white obtained from a plurality of image data read by the fingerprint reading unit. Then, after detecting the finger placement on the fingerprint sensor, the fingerprint collation unit performs the comparison and collation, and the fingerprint collation method.
像データとして、前記指紋センサに設けられた一部の検
出セルを複数含む小領域を用いて読み取った画像データ
を用いることを特徴とする指紋照合方法。7. The fingerprint matching method according to claim 6, wherein the operation switching unit includes a plurality of small detection cells provided in the fingerprint sensor as the image data used when detecting finger placement. A fingerprint matching method characterized by using image data read by using a region.
た２つの画像データから、各画素データのうち白以外の
画素の数の割合を示す黒割合をそれぞれ算出し、得られ
た２つの黒割合の変化量が予め設定されたしきい値を上
回った場合に、前記指紋センサへの指置きありと判断す
ることを特徴とする指紋照合方法。8. The fingerprint collation method according to claim 6, wherein in the operation switching unit, the ratio of the number of pixels other than white in each pixel data is calculated from two image data read continuously by the fingerprint sensor. Fingerprint collation characterized in that each of the black ratios shown is calculated, and if the obtained change amount of the two black ratios exceeds a preset threshold value, it is determined that a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor. Method.
白以外の階調を有する画素のうち、所定範囲の階調値を
有する画素の数を用いることを特徴とする指紋照合方
法。9. The fingerprint matching method according to claim 6, wherein the operation switching unit has a gradation value within a predetermined range among the pixels having gradations other than white as the number of pixels other than white. A fingerprint matching method characterized by using the number of pixels.
て、 前記動作切替部で、前記指紋読み取り部が読み取った３
つ以上の画像データから白以外の画素の数の変化を複数
取得し、これら複数の白以外の画素の数の変化に基づ
き、前記指紋センサへ指が置かれたことを検出すること
を特徴とする指紋照合方法。10. The fingerprint collation method according to claim 6, wherein the operation switching unit reads 3 by the fingerprint reading unit.
A plurality of changes in the number of pixels other than white are acquired from one or more image data, and it is detected that a finger is placed on the fingerprint sensor based on the changes in the number of pixels other than the plurality of white pixels. Fingerprint matching method.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001324755A JP2003132341A (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2001-10-23 | Fingerprint collation device and method |
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