JP2003047830A - Dipping type membrane filtration apparatus and dipping type membrane filtration method - Google Patents
Dipping type membrane filtration apparatus and dipping type membrane filtration methodInfo
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- JP2003047830A JP2003047830A JP2001238480A JP2001238480A JP2003047830A JP 2003047830 A JP2003047830 A JP 2003047830A JP 2001238480 A JP2001238480 A JP 2001238480A JP 2001238480 A JP2001238480 A JP 2001238480A JP 2003047830 A JP2003047830 A JP 2003047830A
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- filtration
- tubular
- liquid
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、貯留槽内に貯留さ
れた被処理液を浸漬型膜濾過方式により濾過処理し、濾
液を得るための浸漬型膜濾過装置および浸漬型膜濾過方
法に関するもので、さらに詳しく言えば、浸漬型膜濾過
装置および浸漬型膜濾過方法に用いる管状濾過膜モジュ
ールによる濾過効率が、管状濾過膜の内面に付着するケ
ーク層によって低下する前に、被処理液の流れが阻害さ
れることによって低下するのを防止するようにしたこと
に関するものである。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an immersion type membrane filtration device and an immersion type membrane filtration method for obtaining a filtrate by subjecting a liquid to be treated stored in a storage tank to a filtration process by an immersion type membrane filtration system. More specifically, the filtration efficiency of the tubular filtration membrane module used in the submerged membrane filtration apparatus and the submerged membrane filtration method is such that the flow rate of the liquid to be treated is reduced before the cake layer attached to the inner surface of the tubular filtration membrane reduces the filtration efficiency. It is intended to prevent the decrease due to inhibition.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術とその課題】近年、被処理液中に膜モジュ
ールを浸漬し、空気泡の浮力を利用しながら濾過するク
ロスフロー濾過方法が、高汚濁液の省エネルギー精密ろ
過方式として多方面で利用されるようになった。このよ
うな濾過方法は、例えば、特開昭６１−１２９０９４号
公報に記載されており、この濾過方法は浸漬型膜濾過方
法とも言われ、これに使用する膜モジュールは浸漬型膜
モジュールとも言われ、中空糸膜モジュールや平膜モジ
ュールを被処理液中に浸漬したものが使用されてきた。
同様に、被処理液中に膜モジュールを浸漬し、水頭差で
濾過する濾過方法にも、中空糸膜モジュールや平膜モジ
ュールが使用され、従来の砂濾過方法に代わる省エネル
ギー、低コストの濾過方法として注目されているが、こ
のような濾過方法も浸漬型膜濾過方法と言われ、これに
使用する膜モジュールも浸漬型膜モジュールと言われ
る。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a cross-flow filtration method of immersing a membrane module in a liquid to be treated and filtering while utilizing the buoyancy of air bubbles has been used in various fields as an energy-saving microfiltration method for highly polluted liquids. Came to be. Such a filtration method is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-129094, and this filtration method is also called an immersion type membrane filtration method, and the membrane module used for this is also called an immersion type membrane module. A hollow fiber membrane module or a flat membrane module immersed in a liquid to be treated has been used.
Similarly, a hollow fiber membrane module or a flat membrane module is also used for the filtration method of immersing the membrane module in the liquid to be treated and filtering by the head difference, which is an energy-saving and low-cost filtration method that replaces the conventional sand filtration method. However, such a filtration method is also called an immersion type membrane filtration method, and the membrane module used for this is also called an immersion type membrane module.
【０００３】このクロスフロー濾過方法や水頭差で濾過
する濾過方法と限外濾過方法とは、前者が空気泡の浮力
や水頭差を利用して被処理液を膜モジュールに供給して
いるのに対し、後者がポンプなどの機械的循環手段を用
いて膜モジュールに被処理液を供給している点で相違
し、それぞれは明確に区別されるものである。The cross-flow filtration method, the filtration method of filtering with a water head difference, and the ultrafiltration method use the former to supply the liquid to be treated to the membrane module by utilizing the buoyancy of air bubbles and the water head difference. On the other hand, the latter is different in that the liquid to be treated is supplied to the membrane module by using a mechanical circulation means such as a pump, and each is clearly distinguished.
【０００４】上記した浸漬型膜濾過方法の対象となる被
処理液中には、多様な夾雑物が混在しており、これに使
用する膜モジュールを長期間、良好な濾過効率で運転す
るためには、被処理液の流路が閉塞されないように、あ
らかじめ大きな夾雑物を除去しておいたり、逆洗によっ
て膜面に付着したケーク層を除去する必要がある。この
膜モジュールに、平膜モジュールを使用した場合は、そ
れと同じ幅の被処理液の流路が確保できて、あらかじめ
大きな夾雑物を除去しなくても被処理液の流路が閉塞さ
れることはないが、逆洗に耐える強度を持たせることが
難しく、中空糸膜モジュールを使用した場合は、中空糸
膜の耐圧を利用して逆洗を行うことができるが、中空糸
膜と中空糸膜との間隙が被処理液の流路になるため、あ
らかじめ大きな夾雑物を除去しておかないと被処理液の
流路が閉塞されて、早期に濾過効率が低下してしまうた
め、平膜モジュールや中空糸膜モジュールを使用して浸
漬型膜濾過方法を長期間安定に行うことは実質的に困難
であった。Various impurities are mixed in the liquid to be treated which is the object of the above-mentioned immersion type membrane filtration method, and in order to operate the membrane module used for this for a long time with a good filtration efficiency. In order to prevent the flow path of the liquid to be treated from being blocked, it is necessary to remove large contaminants in advance or to remove the cake layer attached to the film surface by backwashing. When a flat membrane module is used for this membrane module, a flow passage for the liquid to be treated can be secured with the same width, and the flow passage for the liquid to be treated is blocked even if large contaminants are not removed in advance. However, it is difficult to provide sufficient strength to withstand backwashing. When a hollow fiber membrane module is used, backwashing can be performed by using the pressure resistance of the hollow fiber membrane. Since the gap between the membrane and the membrane becomes the flow path for the liquid to be treated, if large contaminants are not removed in advance, the flow passage for the liquid to be treated will be blocked, and the filtration efficiency will decline at an early stage. It has been substantially difficult to carry out the immersion type membrane filtration method stably for a long period of time using a module or a hollow fiber membrane module.
【０００５】これに対し、推測ではあるが、管状濾過膜
モジュールは平膜モジュールや中空糸膜モジュールに対
して多くの利点がある。すなわち、すべての空気の流
れがクロスフローの平行流れを大きくするために利用で
きること、気泡と被処理液の通路が円筒形であるため
に物質移動係数が他の形式のモジュールに比べて大き
く、原理的にフラックス（単位膜面積当たりのろ過流
量）が大きくできること、膜自身が気泡と被処理液の
通路を構成するためにモジュール構造をコンパクトにで
きること、内径が中空糸膜よりもはるかに大きいの
で、圧力損失が小さく逆洗による効果が大きくできるこ
と、などである。ところが、管状濾過膜モジュールを浸
漬型膜濾過方式に適用することについては、浸漬型膜濾
過方法が適用される被処理液中には多様な夾雑物が含ま
れるために管状濾過膜自体がこれらによって閉塞すると
予想されたため、特別な関心が払われなかった。On the other hand, it is speculated that the tubular filtration membrane module has many advantages over the flat membrane module and the hollow fiber membrane module. That is, all air flow can be used to increase the parallel flow of cross flow, and the mass transfer coefficient is large compared to other types of modules due to the cylindrical shape of the bubbles and the passage of the liquid to be treated. Since the flux (filtering flow rate per unit membrane area) can be increased, the module structure can be made compact because the membrane itself constitutes the passage for the bubbles and the liquid to be treated, and the inner diameter is much larger than the hollow fiber membrane, The pressure loss is small, and the effect of backwashing can be increased. However, regarding the application of the tubular filtration membrane module to the submerged membrane filtration method, since the liquid to be treated to which the submerged membrane filtration method is applied contains various contaminants, the tubular filtration membrane itself is No special attention was paid as it was expected to be blocked.
【０００６】本発明の目的は、上記した事情に鑑み、浸
漬型膜濾過方法を、管状濾過膜モジュールを用いて実現
するに当たり、管状濾過膜自体が夾雑物によって閉塞さ
れないようにする簡易な方法を提供することにより、管
状濾過膜モジュールを用いた浸漬型膜濾過方法を、長期
間にわたって効率的に実施できるようにすることにあ
る。In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an object of the present invention is to realize a submerged membrane filtration method using a tubular filtration membrane module, and to provide a simple method for preventing the tubular filtration membrane itself from being blocked by foreign matters. By providing, the immersion type membrane filtration method using a tubular filtration membrane module can be efficiently performed over a long period of time.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち、請求項１記載
の浸漬型膜濾過装置は、貯留槽内に貯留された被処理液
を浸漬型膜濾過方式によって濾過処理し、濾液を得るた
めのものであり、管状濾過膜モジュールと空気泡供給装
置とを少なくとも有し、前記管状濾過膜モジュールは、
内面に被処理液の濾過機能を有する管状濾過膜の複数本
が、筒状の収納容器内に収容されて両端部が保持される
とともに該両端部を上下方向に開口させるように貯留槽
内に配置され、前記空気泡供給装置は、空気泡を発生さ
せる空気泡発生装置と前記空気泡を管状濾過膜モジュー
ルに向けて案内する案内筒とを有し、前記空気泡によっ
て被処理液が管状濾過膜モジュールの下方から上方に流
れて濾過されるように管状濾過膜モジュールの下方に配
置され、かつ前記管状濾過膜モジュールは、開くことに
よって空気泡を通過させ、閉じることによって空気泡を
遮断させる蓋体が上方に配置されたことを特徴とするも
のであり、これにより、蓋体を閉じて空気泡を一旦管状
濾過膜の内側と案内筒内に閉じ込めておいてから、蓋体
を開いて閉じ込めた空気泡を一気に流出させるようにす
ることができるので、管状濾過膜の下方に滞留している
夾雑物、特に長繊維状のものを一気に押し出すことがで
きる。[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the submerged membrane filtration apparatus according to claim 1 is for obtaining a filtrate by subjecting a liquid to be treated stored in a storage tank to a filtration treatment by the submerged membrane filtration system. Which has at least a tubular filtration membrane module and an air bubble supply device, the tubular filtration membrane module,
A plurality of tubular filtration membranes having a filtration function for the liquid to be treated on the inner surface are housed in a cylindrical container and both ends thereof are held, and the both ends are vertically opened in a storage tank. The air bubble supply device has an air bubble generation device that generates air bubbles and a guide tube that guides the air bubbles toward the tubular filtration membrane module, and the liquid to be treated is tubularly filtered by the air bubbles. A lid which is arranged below the tubular filtration membrane module so that it flows from below to above the membrane module to be filtered, and wherein the tubular filtration membrane module opens the air bubbles and closes them to block the air bubbles. This is characterized in that the body is placed above, so that the lid is closed and air bubbles are once trapped inside the tubular filtration membrane and in the guide tube, and then the lid is opened and trapped. It is possible to make a stroke to flow out of air bubbles, contaminants remaining in the lower portion of the tubular filtration membranes can be extruded particularly once those long-fiber.
【０００８】また、請求項２記載の浸漬型膜濾過装置
は、請求項１記載のものにおいて、空気泡発生装置は、
大きさと形状が案内筒の軸方向に垂直な断面における内
周と実質的に同じであって、空気泡の圧力によって開閉
する噴出孔を全面に有している、ゴム弾性体からなる面
状ノズルを備えていることを特徴とするものであり、こ
れにより、すべての管状濾過膜に均等に空気泡を供給す
ることができる。Further, the immersion type membrane filtration device according to claim 2 is the same as that according to claim 1, wherein the air bubble generating device is
A planar nozzle made of a rubber elastic body, the size and shape of which are substantially the same as the inner circumference of a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the guide tube, and which has an ejection hole which opens and closes by the pressure of air bubbles over the entire surface. It is characterized in that it is possible to uniformly supply air bubbles to all tubular filtration membranes.
【０００９】また、請求項３記載の浸漬型膜濾過装置
は、請求項１または２記載のものにおいて、案内筒は、
被処理液を内部に導入する網状フィルターを有している
ことを特徴とするものであり、これにより、案内筒内に
夾雑物が流入するのを阻止することができるとともに、
蓋体を閉じて空気泡を一旦管状濾過膜の内側と案内筒内
に閉じ込めると、網状フィルターを介して被処理液が逆
流し、網状フィルターに堆積した夾雑物を除去すること
ができる。The immersion type membrane filtration device according to claim 3 is the same as that according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the guide tube is
It is characterized by having a reticulated filter that introduces the liquid to be treated inside, whereby it is possible to prevent the inflow of impurities into the guide cylinder,
Once the lid is closed and the air bubbles are once confined inside the tubular filtration membrane and in the guide tube, the liquid to be treated flows back through the mesh filter, and the impurities accumulated on the mesh filter can be removed.
【００１０】また、請求項４記載の浸漬型膜濾過装置
は、請求項１、２または３のいずれか一項記載のものに
おいて、管状濾過膜モジュールは、収納容器が濾液を排
出する排出口を有し、この排出口から延びる濾液排出経
路を有していることを特徴とするものであり、請求項５
記載の浸漬型膜濾過装置は、請求項１、２または３のい
ずれか一項記載のものにおいて、管状濾過膜モジュール
は、収納容器が、内側に間隔を設けて、濾液を導入する
導入口と濾液を排出する排出口を有する筒状の集水管を
有し、この間に管状濾過膜の複数本を収容し、前記排出
口から延びる濾液排出経路を有していることを特徴とす
るものであり、これにより、収納容器または集水管を通
じて濾液を円滑に排出することができる。Further, the immersion type membrane filtration device according to claim 4 is the device according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3, wherein the tubular filtration membrane module has a discharge port through which the storage container discharges the filtrate. And a filtrate discharge path extending from the discharge port.
The immersion type membrane filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the tubular filtration membrane module has an inlet for introducing a filtrate, the tubular container is provided with a space inside, and the tubular container is provided with a gap. It has a tubular water collecting pipe having a discharge port for discharging the filtrate, and accommodates a plurality of tubular filtration membranes between them, and has a filtrate discharge path extending from the discharge port. Thus, the filtrate can be smoothly discharged through the storage container or the water collecting pipe.
【００１１】さらに、請求項６記載の浸漬型膜濾過方法
は、貯留槽内に貯留された被処理液を浸漬型膜濾過方式
によって濾過処理し、濾液を得るための浸漬型膜濾過方
法であって、内面に被処理液の濾過機能を有する管状濾
過膜の複数本が筒状の収納容器内に収容されて両端部が
保持された管状濾過膜モジュールを、該両端部を上下方
向に開口するように前記貯留槽内に配置し、この管状濾
過膜モジュールの下方から空気泡を供給して被処理液を
管状濾過膜の下方から上方に流して濾過する通常濾過工
程と、前記空気泡の流れを遮断して被処理液の濾過を休
止させる濾過休止工程と、遮断した空気泡の流れを再開
して管状濾過膜モジュールに蓄積した濾別成分を除去す
る濾別成分除去工程とを含むことを特徴とし、これによ
り、濾過休止工程で、空気泡を一旦管状濾過膜の内側と
案内筒内に閉じ込めておき、濾別成分除去工程で、閉じ
込めた空気泡を一気に流出させるようにすることができ
るので、管状濾過膜の下方に滞留している夾雑物、特に
長繊維状のものを一気に押し出すことができる。Further, the immersion type membrane filtration method according to claim 6 is an immersion type membrane filtration method for obtaining a filtrate by subjecting a liquid to be treated stored in a storage tank to a filtration treatment by the immersion type membrane filtration method. Then, a tubular filtration membrane module, in which a plurality of tubular filtration membranes having a function of filtering the liquid to be treated on the inner surface are housed in a cylindrical container and both ends thereof are held, are opened vertically at both ends. As described above, the normal filtration step of arranging in the storage tank, supplying air bubbles from the lower side of the tubular filtration membrane module to flow the liquid to be treated upward from the lower side of the tubular filtration membrane and filtering, and the flow of the air bubbles. A filtration pause step of blocking the filtration of the liquid to be treated by stopping the filtration and a filtration component removal step of restarting the flow of the blocked air bubbles to remove the filtration component accumulated in the tubular filtration membrane module. Characterized by this, the filtration pause step Since air bubbles can be temporarily trapped inside the tubular filtration membrane and in the guide tube and the trapped air bubbles can be caused to flow out at once in the filtration component removal step, they will stay below the tubular filtration membrane. It is possible to extrude foreign substances, especially long-fiber-like substances, at a stretch.
【００１２】また、請求項７記載の浸漬型膜濾過方法
は、請求項６記載の方法において、収納容器は濾液を排
出する排出口を有し、この排出口から排出される濾液を
加圧しながら前記排出口を通じて収納容器内に逆流させ
る逆洗工程を、さらに含んでいることを特徴とするもの
であり、請求項８記載の浸漬型膜濾過方法は、請求項６
記載の方法において、収納容器は濾液を導入する導入口
と濾液を排出する排出口を有する集水管が間隔を設けて
内側に配置され、この排出口から排出される濾液を加圧
しながら前記排出口を通じて収納容器内に逆流させる逆
洗工程を、さらに含んでいることを特徴とするものであ
り、これにより、濾過休止工程で、空気泡を一旦管状濾
過膜の内側と案内筒内に閉じ込めておき、濾別成分除去
工程で、閉じ込めた空気泡を一気に流出させても、管状
濾過膜の下方に滞留している夾雑物が押し出せないとき
に、それを除去することができるとともに、濾過膜の内
面に付着したケーク層も除去することができる。Further, the immersion type membrane filtration method according to claim 7 is the method according to claim 6, wherein the storage container has a discharge port for discharging the filtrate, and the filtrate discharged from the discharge port is pressurized. 9. The submerged membrane filtration method according to claim 8, further comprising a backwashing step of backflowing into the storage container through the discharge port.
In the method described above, the storage container is disposed inside a water collecting pipe having an inlet for introducing a filtrate and an outlet for discharging the filtrate, and the outlet is provided while pressurizing the filtrate discharged from the outlet. The method is characterized by further including a backwashing step in which it backflows into the storage container through, so that air bubbles are temporarily trapped inside the tubular filtration membrane and in the guide tube in the filtration suspension step. In the filter component removal step, even if the trapped air bubbles are blown out all at once, when the impurities remaining below the tubular filtration membrane cannot be extruded, it can be removed and the filtration membrane The cake layer adhering to the inner surface can also be removed.
【００１３】また、請求項８記載の浸漬型膜濾過方法
は、請求項６、７または８のいずれか一項記載の方法に
おいて、通常濾過工程の過程で、濾過休止工程と濾別成
分除去工程とを導入することを特徴とするものであり、
これにより、簡易な方法で管状濾過膜の下方に滞留して
いる夾雑物を押し出すことができる。Further, the immersion type membrane filtration method according to claim 8 is the method according to any one of claims 6, 7 and 8, wherein in the normal filtration step, a filtration pause step and a filtered component removal step are carried out. It is characterized by introducing and
With this, it is possible to extrude the contaminants accumulated under the tubular filtration membrane by a simple method.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の実施の形態】図１は、本発明の実施の形態に係
る浸漬型膜濾過装置が採用される浸漬型膜濾過システム
の概略構成を示したものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of an immersion type membrane filtration system in which an immersion type membrane filtration device according to an embodiment of the present invention is adopted.
【００１５】図１において、浸漬型膜濾過システム４６
は、被処理液３１が貯留された貯留槽３０内に、管状濾
過膜モジュール５と空気泡供給装置９とを主に備えた浸
漬型膜濾過装置２が浸漬されている。In FIG. 1, a submerged membrane filtration system 46
In the storage tank 30 in which the liquid to be treated 31 is stored, the submerged membrane filtration device 2 mainly including the tubular filtration membrane module 5 and the air bubble supply device 9 is immersed.
【００１６】前記貯留槽３０は、上部に開口を有する容
器状に形成されており、内部に被処理液３１が貯留され
ている。The storage tank 30 is formed in the shape of a container having an opening at the top, and the liquid to be treated 31 is stored therein.
【００１７】前記管状濾過膜モジュール５は、図２の一
部切欠き縦断面図に示したように、例えば樹脂製の部材
からなる円筒状の収納容器４と、この収納容器４内に充
填された複数本の管状濾過膜３とを備え、この管状濾過
膜３は内面に被処理液３１の濾過機能を有していて、被
処理液３１は、空気泡１４とともに下方の入口１２から
管状濾過膜３の内側の被処理液流路２０を通って上方の
出口１３に流れて濾過処理され、濾過処理後の被処理液
（濾液）は、管状濾過膜３の外側の処理液流路２１を通
って、収納容器４側面の排出口６から排出されるように
構成されている。The tubular filtration membrane module 5 is, as shown in the partially cut-away longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 2, a cylindrical container 4 made of, for example, a resin member, and the container 4 is filled with the cylindrical container 4. And a plurality of tubular filtration membranes 3. The tubular filtration membrane 3 has a function of filtering the liquid to be treated 31 on the inner surface thereof, and the liquid to be treated 31 is tubular filtered from the lower inlet 12 together with the air bubbles 14. The liquid to be treated (filtrate), which has been filtered by flowing through the liquid to be treated flow passage 20 inside the membrane 3 to the upper outlet 13, flows through the liquid to be treated flow passage 21 outside the tubular filtration membrane 3. It is configured to be discharged through the discharge port 6 on the side surface of the storage container 4.
【００１８】前記複数本の管状濾過膜３は、細長な円筒
状に形成されたものであり、各管状濾過膜３は、図示し
ていない外周の突起によって互いに密着しないように、
すなわち互いに間隔を設けて、収納容器４の上下の開口
方向に沿って互いに平行に密に集合させ、その上端部お
よび下端部は、それぞれウレタン樹脂などの樹脂材料を
用いて形成された保持部によって各管状濾過膜の開放状
態を維持しつつ収納容器４に対して一体的に保持されて
固定されている。この結果、収納容器４の両端部は当該
保持部によって液密に閉鎖されることになる。The plurality of tubular filtration membranes 3 are formed in a slender cylindrical shape, and the tubular filtration membranes 3 do not adhere to each other by a protrusion on the outer periphery, which is not shown.
That is, spaced apart from each other, the storage containers 4 are densely gathered in parallel with each other along the upper and lower opening directions, and the upper end and the lower end thereof are respectively held by a holding portion formed of a resin material such as urethane resin. Each tubular filtration membrane is held and fixed integrally with the storage container 4 while maintaining the open state. As a result, both ends of the storage container 4 are liquid-tightly closed by the holding portions.
【００１９】上述の管状濾過膜３は、内面に被処理液３
１の濾過機能を持たせ、全体の強度を確保するために、
内周面側から外周面側に向けて順に濾過膜層および支持
膜層を備えた二層構造を有し、濾過膜層の種類は、特に
限定されるものではないが、被処理液から除去すべき濾
別成分の種類に応じて適宜選択することができる。たと
えば、微生物などの微粒子を除去する必要がある場合は
精密濾過膜が用いられる。精密濾過膜は、例えばＪＩＳ
Ｋ ３８０２によれば、０．０１〜数μｍ程度の微粒
子および微生物を濾過によって分離するために用いる膜
と定義されているが、ここでは、２０ｋＰａ以下の圧力
で実用的な濾過が可能な、孔径が０．０４μｍよりも大
きい微孔を多数有する、セルロース膜やポリオレフィン
系樹脂膜などの有機高分子多孔膜を用いるのが好まし
い。また、支持膜層は、上述の濾過膜層に対して形状保
持性を付与し、濾過膜層を円筒状に設定するためのもの
である。このような支持膜層は、通液性を有する多孔質
材料であれば各種のものを用いることができるが、通常
は、腰の強さ、優れた強度、優れた耐薬品性、高い耐熱
性および経済性を備えたポリプロピレン樹脂製あるいは
ポリエステル樹脂製の不織布を用いるのが好ましく、特
にポリエステル樹脂製の不織布を用いるのが好ましい。The tubular filtration membrane 3 described above has an inner surface to be treated liquid 3 to be treated.
In order to have the filtration function of 1 and to secure the overall strength,
It has a two-layer structure including a filtration membrane layer and a support membrane layer in order from the inner peripheral surface side to the outer peripheral surface side, and the type of the filtration membrane layer is not particularly limited, but it is removed from the liquid to be treated. It can be appropriately selected depending on the kind of the filter component to be filtered. For example, a microfiltration membrane is used when it is necessary to remove fine particles such as microorganisms. The microfiltration membrane is, for example, JIS
According to K 3802, it is defined as a membrane used for separating fine particles of about 0.01 to several μm and microorganisms by filtration, but here, a pore diameter that allows practical filtration at a pressure of 20 kPa or less. It is preferable to use an organic polymer porous membrane such as a cellulose membrane or a polyolefin resin membrane having a large number of micropores having a diameter of 0.04 μm or more. The support membrane layer is for imparting shape retention to the above-mentioned filtration membrane layer and setting the filtration membrane layer in a cylindrical shape. Various kinds of porous materials having liquid permeability can be used for such a supporting membrane layer, but in general, waist strength, excellent strength, excellent chemical resistance, and high heat resistance. It is preferable to use a non-woven fabric made of polypropylene resin or polyester resin which is economical and economical, and particularly preferable to use a non-woven fabric made of polyester resin.
【００２０】上述のような管状濾過膜３は、内径が３〜
１５ｍｍであるのが好ましく、５〜１０ｍｍに設定され
ているのがより好ましい。内径が３ｍｍ未満の場合は、
被処理液、特に、高汚濁の被処理液を濾過する際におい
て、被処理液中に含まれる各種の濾別成分や夾雑物によ
り管状濾過膜３が閉塞しやすくなり、濾過処理を長期間
安定に継続するのが困難になるおそれがある。逆に、内
径が１５ｍｍを超える場合は、容積の限られた収納容器
４内に充填可能な管状濾過膜３の本数が減少することに
なるため、管状濾過膜モジュール５の単位容積当りの濾
過面積（有効膜面積）が小さくなる。その結果、濾過流
量が低下することになるので、管状濾過膜モジュール５
のコンパクト化を図りながら被処理液の効率的な濾過処
理を実施するのが困難になるおそれがある。The tubular filtration membrane 3 as described above has an inner diameter of 3 to 3.
It is preferably 15 mm, more preferably 5 to 10 mm. If the inner diameter is less than 3 mm,
When filtering a liquid to be treated, especially a highly polluted liquid to be treated, various filtration components and contaminants contained in the liquid to be treated tend to cause the tubular filtration membrane 3 to be clogged, so that the filtration treatment is stable for a long period of time. May be difficult to continue. On the other hand, when the inner diameter exceeds 15 mm, the number of tubular filtration membranes 3 that can be filled in the storage container 4 having a limited volume decreases, so that the filtration area per unit volume of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 decreases. (Effective film area) becomes smaller. As a result, the filtration flow rate decreases, so that the tubular filtration membrane module 5
There is a possibility that it may be difficult to carry out an efficient filtration treatment of the liquid to be treated while achieving the compactness.
【００２１】また、管状濾過膜３は、支持膜層と濾過膜
層の和で表される肉厚（Ａ）と外径（Ｂ）との比（Ａ／
Ｂ）が０．０２５〜０．１であるのが好ましく、０．０
３〜０．１に設定されているのがより好ましい。この比
が０．０２５未満の場合は、管状濾過膜３に対して外側
から圧力を加えた場合、管状濾過膜３が潰れやすくな
る。この結果、管状濾過膜３の内周面に堆積する濾別成
分などからなるケーク層を排除するために、管状濾過膜
３に対して外側から圧力を加えて逆洗操作を実施した場
合、管状濾過膜が潰れてしまい、管状濾過膜３を逆洗す
るのが実質的に困難になる。なお、２０ｋＰａ以上の耐
圧性を達成するためには、この比を０．０３以上に設定
するのが好ましい。一方、この比が０．１を超える場合
は、管状濾過膜モジュール５の単位容積当りの濾過面積
（有効膜面積）が小さくなる。その結果、濾過流量が低
下することになるため、管状濾過膜モジュール５のコン
パクト化を図りながら被処理液の効率的な濾過処理を実
施するのが困難になるおそれがある。The tubular filtration membrane 3 has a ratio (A /) of the thickness (A) expressed by the sum of the support membrane layer and the filtration membrane layer to the outer diameter (B).
B) is preferably 0.025 to 0.1, and 0.0
More preferably, it is set to 3 to 0.1. When this ratio is less than 0.025, the tubular filtration membrane 3 is likely to be crushed when pressure is applied to the tubular filtration membrane 3 from the outside. As a result, when the backwashing operation is performed by applying pressure from the outside to the tubular filtration membrane 3 in order to remove the cake layer composed of the filtering component and the like accumulated on the inner peripheral surface of the tubular filtration membrane 3, The filtration membrane is crushed and it becomes substantially difficult to backwash the tubular filtration membrane 3. In order to achieve a pressure resistance of 20 kPa or higher, this ratio is preferably set to 0.03 or higher. On the other hand, when this ratio exceeds 0.1, the filtration area (effective membrane area) per unit volume of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 becomes small. As a result, the filtration flow rate is reduced, which may make it difficult to carry out an efficient filtration treatment of the liquid to be treated while making the tubular filtration membrane module 5 compact.
【００２２】また、前述した突起の高さ、すなわち支持
膜層の表面からの突出量は、０．０２〜０．２ｍｍであ
るのが好ましい。突起の高さが０．０２ｍｍ未満の場合
は、管状濾過膜３同士が密着し易くなり、結果的に濾過
液の流動性を高めるのが困難になるおそれがある。一
方、０．２ｍｍを超える場合は、管状濾過膜３の本数、
すなわち、管状濾過膜モジュール５の収納容器４内に充
填可能な管状濾過膜３の本数が減少することになるた
め、管状濾過膜モジュール５の単位容積当りの濾過面積
が小さくなる。その結果、濾過流量が低下することにな
るため、管状濾過膜モジュール５のコンパクト化を図り
ながら被処理液の効率的な濾過処理を実施するのが困難
になるおそれがある。なお、突起の高さは、被処理液の
種類に応じて適宜選択することもできる。たとえば、被
処理液が活性汚泥液のように濾過流量が比較的小さいも
のである場合は、濾過面積を確保する観点から突起は低
めに設定するのが好ましい。一方、被処理液が河川の水
のように濾過流量が比較的大きいものである場合は、濾
液の流動性を高める観点から、突起は高めに設定するの
が好ましい。The height of the above-mentioned protrusions, that is, the amount of protrusion from the surface of the support film layer is preferably 0.02 to 0.2 mm. When the height of the protrusion is less than 0.02 mm, the tubular filtration membranes 3 are likely to adhere to each other, and as a result, it may be difficult to enhance the fluidity of the filtrate. On the other hand, when it exceeds 0.2 mm, the number of tubular filtration membranes 3,
That is, since the number of tubular filtration membranes 3 that can be filled in the container 4 of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 is reduced, the filtration area per unit volume of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 is reduced. As a result, the filtration flow rate is reduced, which may make it difficult to carry out an efficient filtration treatment of the liquid to be treated while making the tubular filtration membrane module 5 compact. The height of the protrusions can be appropriately selected according to the type of liquid to be treated. For example, when the liquid to be treated has a relatively small filtration flow rate, such as activated sludge liquid, it is preferable to set the protrusions to a low value from the viewpoint of ensuring the filtration area. On the other hand, when the liquid to be treated has a relatively large filtration flow rate, such as river water, it is preferable to set the protrusions higher from the viewpoint of increasing the fluidity of the filtrate.
【００２３】このような管状濾過膜３は、支持膜層上に
濾過膜層が一体に積層された、幅が２ｃｍのテープ状複
合膜を準備し、これを直径が７ｍｍの心棒に対し、支持
膜層が表面になるように幅方向の両端部を重ね合わせな
がら螺旋状に巻き付け、重なり部分を超音波溶着するこ
とによって作製する。こうして、内径が７ｍｍ、肉厚が
０．１５ｍｍの管状濾過膜３を得ることができ、重なり
部分によって前述した突起を形成することができる。For such a tubular filtration membrane 3, a tape-shaped composite membrane having a width of 2 cm, in which a filtration membrane layer is integrally laminated on a support membrane layer, is prepared and supported on a mandrel having a diameter of 7 mm. It is manufactured by spirally winding while overlapping both ends in the width direction so that the film layer is on the surface and ultrasonically welding the overlapping portion. In this way, the tubular filtration membrane 3 having an inner diameter of 7 mm and a wall thickness of 0.15 mm can be obtained, and the above-mentioned protrusion can be formed by the overlapping portion.
【００２４】上記した管状濾過膜３を用いて管状濾過膜
モジュール５を作製する方法は、複数本の管状濾過膜３
の両端をヒートシ−ルし、これを収納容器４に充填し、
未硬化のウレタン樹脂を入れたシリコン製のモールド内
に一端を浸漬し、ウレタン樹脂が硬化するまで放置す
る。そして、他端もこれと同様のことを行う。そうする
と、それぞれ収納容器４と管状濾過膜３との間隙が閉鎖
されるので、閉鎖された後の管状濾過膜３の両端を収納
容器４に合わせて切り揃える。こうして、長さが３７５
ｍｍ、管状濾過膜３の本数が７本の管状濾過膜モジュー
ル５を作製する。The method for producing the tubular filtration membrane module 5 using the above-mentioned tubular filtration membrane 3 is carried out by using a plurality of tubular filtration membranes 3.
Heat seal both ends of, and fill this into the storage container 4,
One end is dipped in a silicone mold containing uncured urethane resin and left to stand until the urethane resin is cured. Then, the other end does the same. Then, since the gap between the storage container 4 and the tubular filtration membrane 3 is closed, both ends of the closed tubular filtration membrane 3 are cut and aligned according to the storage container 4. Thus, the length is 375
A tubular filtration membrane module 5 having a size of 7 mm and a tubular filtration membrane 3 of 7 is prepared.
【００２５】一方、空気泡供給装置９は、管状濾過膜モ
ジュール５に対して空気泡１４を供給するためのもので
あり、図１に示すように、貯留槽３０内において、管状
濾過膜モジュール５の下方に配置されている。この空気
泡供給装置９は、空気を送出するブロワー４１、この空
気を貯留槽３０内の被処理液３１中に導入する空気供給
パイプ４２および導入された空気によって発生した空気
泡１４の圧力で開閉する噴出口を全面に有しているゴム
弾性体からなる面状ノズル７からなる空気泡発生装置４
３と前記空気泡１４を管状濾過膜モジュール５に向けて
案内する案内筒８とを有し、空気泡１４によって被処理
液３１が管状濾過膜モジュール５の下方から上方に流れ
て濾過されるように構成されている。なお、前記面状ノ
ズル７は、大きさと形状を案内筒８の軸方向に垂直な断
面における内周と実質的に同じにし、発生した空気泡１
４を均等に管状濾過膜モジュール５に送出できるように
している。On the other hand, the air bubble supply device 9 is for supplying the air bubbles 14 to the tubular filtration membrane module 5, and as shown in FIG. It is located below. The air bubble supply device 9 is opened / closed by a blower 41 that sends out air, an air supply pipe 42 that introduces this air into the liquid to be treated 31 in the storage tank 30, and the pressure of the air bubbles 14 generated by the introduced air. Air bubble generation device 4 including a planar nozzle 7 made of a rubber elastic body having a jetting port that
3 and a guide tube 8 for guiding the air bubbles 14 toward the tubular filtration membrane module 5, so that the liquid 31 to be treated flows upward from below the tubular filtration membrane module 5 and is filtered by the air bubbles 14. Is configured. The planar nozzle 7 has a size and shape substantially the same as the inner circumference of the guide tube 8 in a cross section perpendicular to the axial direction, and the generated air bubbles 1
4 can be evenly delivered to the tubular filtration membrane module 5.
【００２６】また、濾過によって得られた濾液は排出口
６から濾液排出経路４４を通って外部に排出される。な
お、図１のものでは、濾液排出経路４４に設けたポンプ
４０による吸引によって排出しているが、このようなポ
ンプを用いずに水頭差によって排出することもできる。The filtrate obtained by filtration is discharged from the discharge port 6 through the filtrate discharge path 44 to the outside. In FIG. 1, the filtrate is discharged by suction with the pump 40 provided in the discharge path 44, but it is also possible to discharge by the head difference without using such a pump.
【００２７】前記排出口６は、図１のものでは収納容器
４に設けられているが、管状濾過膜モジュール５を、収
納容器４が内側に間隔を設けて集水管を有したもので、
この間に管状濾過膜３の複数本を収納したものとする
と、該集水管に濾液を導入する導入口と濾液を排出する
排出口を設け、この排出口から濾液排出経路を通って外
部に排出されるようにしてもよい。Although the discharge port 6 is provided in the storage container 4 in FIG. 1, the discharge port 6 is a tubular filtration membrane module 5 in which the storage container 4 has a water collecting pipe with a space provided inside.
Assuming that a plurality of tubular filtration membranes 3 are accommodated in the meantime, an inlet for introducing the filtrate and an outlet for discharging the filtrate are provided in the water collecting pipe, and the water is discharged from the outlet through the filtrate discharging path to the outside. You may do it.
【００２８】さらに、管状濾過膜モジュール５には、開
くことによって空気泡１４を通過させ、閉じることによ
って空気泡１４を遮断させる蓋体１１が、上方の出口１
３が開閉可能なように設けられている。Further, the tubular filtration membrane module 5 is provided with a lid 11 which allows the air bubbles 14 to pass therethrough by opening and shuts off the air bubbles 14 by closing the same.
3 is provided so that it can be opened and closed.
【００２９】また、前記案内筒８には、側面に、被処理
液３１から長繊維状の夾雑物の流入を阻止しながら被処
理液３１を内部に導入する目開きが７ｍｍの網状フィル
ター１０が設けられている。Further, the guide tube 8 has a mesh filter 10 on its side surface with a 7 mm opening for introducing the liquid to be treated 31 into the inside while blocking the inflow of long fiber-like impurities from the liquid to be treated 31. It is provided.
【００３０】上記した網状フィルター１０によって長繊
維状の夾雑物の流入を阻止することができるので、入口
１２にこのような夾雑物が蓄積するの防止することがで
きるとともに、面状ノズル７によって発生した空気泡１
４を確実に管状濾過膜３の内側に送り込むことができる
ので、長期間にわたってすぐれた濾過効率で濾過を行う
ことができる。なお、図１のものでは、面状ノズル７か
ら入口１２までの距離は２５０ｍｍにしている。Since the inflow of long-fiber-like impurities can be blocked by the mesh filter 10 described above, it is possible to prevent such impurities from accumulating at the inlet 12, and at the same time, generate them by the planar nozzle 7. Air bubbles 1
Since 4 can be reliably fed into the inside of the tubular filtration membrane 3, filtration can be performed with excellent filtration efficiency for a long period of time. In FIG. 1, the distance from the planar nozzle 7 to the inlet 12 is 250 mm.
【００３１】そして、長期間の運転で入口１２に夾雑物
が滞留して濾過効率が低下したときは、前記蓋体１１で
出口１３を閉じて、管状濾過膜３の内側と案内筒８内に
空気泡１４を閉じ込めておいてから、蓋体１１を開いて
閉じ込めた空気泡１４を一気に流出させるようにする
と、入口１２に滞留している夾雑物を一気に押し出すこ
とができ、濾過効率を回復させることができる。When impurities are accumulated in the inlet 12 due to long-term operation and the filtration efficiency is lowered, the outlet 13 is closed by the lid 11 so that the inside of the tubular filtration membrane 3 and the inside of the guide tube 8 are closed. When the air bubbles 14 are confined and then the lid 11 is opened to allow the confined air bubbles 14 to flow out at a stretch, the contaminants retained in the inlet 12 can be pushed out at a stretch, and the filtration efficiency is restored. be able to.
【００３２】また、蓋体１１で出口１３を閉じて、管状
濾過膜３の内側と案内筒８内に空気泡１４を閉じ込める
と、網状フィルター１０を通って空気泡１４が貯留槽３
０内に流出し、その流れによって網状フィルター１０に
付着した長繊維状の夾雑物を除去することもできる。When the outlet 13 is closed by the lid 11 and the air bubbles 14 are confined inside the tubular filtration membrane 3 and the guide tube 8, the air bubbles 14 pass through the mesh filter 10 and the storage tank 3 is formed.
It is also possible to remove the long-fiber-like impurities adhering to the reticulated filter 10 by flowing out to the inside of the mesh.
【００３３】次に、図１、図２を参照して、上述の浸漬
型膜濾過装置２を用いた被処理液３１の濾過処理操作、
すなわち浸漬型膜濾過方法について説明する。Next, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, an operation of filtering the liquid to be treated 31 using the above-mentioned immersion type membrane filtering device 2,
That is, the immersion type membrane filtration method will be described.
【００３４】先ず、貯留槽３０内に、例えば微小ゲル、
コロイド成分、微生物などの濾別成分を含む被処理液３
１を供給して貯留する。この状態で、ブロワー４１から
空気供給パイプ４２を介して空気を供給すると、この空
気は面状ノズル７から空気泡１４となって噴出する。こ
の空気泡１４は案内筒８により案内されながら被処理液
３１中を上昇し、管状濾過膜モジュール５に含まれる各
管状ろ過膜３の入口１２から内部の被処理液流路２０に
対してほぼ均等に供給される。First, in the storage tank 30, for example, a fine gel,
Liquid to be treated 3 which contains colloidal components, filtered components such as microorganisms 3
1 is supplied and stored. In this state, when air is supplied from the blower 41 through the air supply pipe 42, this air is ejected from the planar nozzle 7 as air bubbles 14. The air bubbles 14 ascend in the liquid to be treated 31 while being guided by the guide tube 8, and from the inlets 12 of the tubular filtration membranes 3 included in the tubular filtration membrane module 5 to the liquid to be treated flow passage 20 inside. Supplied evenly.
【００３５】このようにして管状濾過膜モジュール５に
対して供給される空気泡１４の浮力により、貯留槽３０
内に貯留された被処理液３１は、図１、図２に矢印で示
すように、各管状濾過膜３内の被処理液流路２０を下側
から上側に向けて通過し、出口１３から管状濾過膜モジ
ュール５の外部に出て被処理液３１中に戻るが、各管状
濾過膜３内の被処理液流路２０を通過する際、被処理液
３１を濾過し、得られた濾液を排出口６から濾液排出経
路４４を通って外部に排出するため、濾液排出経路４４
に設けたポンプ４０による吸引を行っている。なお、図
１のものでは、ポンプ４０による吸引によって排出して
いるが、このようなポンプ４０を用いずに水頭差によっ
て排出することもできる。こうして、被処理液３１中に
含まれる濾別成分は管状濾過膜３の濾過膜層２０によっ
て採取され、被処理液３１から取り除かれる。このよう
な濾過処理により、貯留槽３０内の被処理液３１は、図
１に矢印で示すように、管状濾過膜モジュール５を下側
から上側方向に通過して自然に循環することになる。By the buoyancy of the air bubbles 14 thus supplied to the tubular filtration membrane module 5, the storage tank 30 is
The to-be-processed liquid 31 stored inside passes through the to-be-processed liquid flow path 20 in each tubular filtration membrane 3 from the lower side to the upper side, as shown by the arrow in FIGS. Although it goes out of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 and returns to the liquid to be treated 31, the liquid to be treated 31 is filtered when passing through the liquid to be treated flow path 20 in each tubular filtration membrane 3, and the obtained filtrate is Since the liquid is discharged from the discharge port 6 to the outside through the filtrate discharge route 44, the filtrate discharge route 44
The suction is performed by the pump 40 provided in the. In addition, in FIG. 1, the discharge is performed by suction by the pump 40, but it is also possible to discharge by the head difference without using such a pump 40. Thus, the filtered component contained in the liquid to be treated 31 is collected by the filtration membrane layer 20 of the tubular filtration membrane 3 and removed from the liquid to be treated 31. By such a filtration process, the liquid to be treated 31 in the storage tank 30 naturally passes through the tubular filtration membrane module 5 from the lower side to the upper side and circulates as shown by the arrow in FIG.
【００３６】上述のような通常濾過工程において、被処
理液３１中に含まれる濾別成分のうち、長繊維状の夾雑
物は、案内筒８の側面に設けた網状フィルター１０によ
って流入が阻止されるが、長期間、運転を継続すると、
管状濾過膜モジュール５の入口１２に上記した長繊維状
の夾雑物が少しずつ滞留し始め、濾過効率も少しずつ低
下し始める。また、管状濾過膜３の内周面、すなわち濾
過膜層の表面には濾別成分が徐々に堆積してケーク層を
形成し、管状濾過膜３の濾過性能を低下させる。このよ
うな状況下になった場合、蓋体１１で出口１３を閉じ
て、管状濾過膜３の内側と案内筒８内に空気泡１４を閉
じ込めて濾過を休止させる濾過休止工程にしておいてか
ら、蓋体１１を開いて閉じ込めた空気泡１４を一気に流
出させる濾別成分除去工程にすると、入口１２に滞留し
ている夾雑物を一気に押し出すことができるとともに、
管状濾過膜３の内周面に形成されたケーク層の一部も剥
離させることができ、濾過効率を回復させることができ
る。また、前述した濾過休止工程では、網状フィルター
１０を通って被処理液３１が貯留槽３０内に逆流するの
で、その流れによって網状フィルター１０に付着した長
繊維状の夾雑物を除去することもできる。In the normal filtration step as described above, long-fiber-like impurities out of the filtered components contained in the liquid to be treated 31 are prevented from flowing by the mesh filter 10 provided on the side surface of the guide tube 8. However, if you continue driving for a long time,
The above long-fiber-like contaminants gradually start to accumulate at the inlet 12 of the tubular filtration membrane module 5, and the filtration efficiency also begins to gradually decrease. Further, the filtering component is gradually deposited on the inner peripheral surface of the tubular filtration membrane 3, that is, the surface of the filtration membrane layer, to form a cake layer, and the filtration performance of the tubular filtration membrane 3 is deteriorated. In such a situation, the outlet 13 is closed by the lid 11 and the air bubble 14 is trapped inside the tubular filtration membrane 3 and the guide tube 8 to stop the filtration before the filtration pause step. In the filter component removal step in which the air bubbles 14 trapped by opening the lid 11 are caused to flow out at once, it is possible to push out contaminants staying at the inlet 12 at once.
A part of the cake layer formed on the inner peripheral surface of the tubular filtration membrane 3 can also be peeled off, and the filtration efficiency can be recovered. Further, in the above-described filtration suspension step, the liquid to be treated 31 flows back into the storage tank 30 through the mesh filter 10, so that the flow can remove the long fiber-like contaminants adhering to the mesh filter 10. .
【００３７】そして、上記した各工程を行っても濾過性
能が回復しない場合は、管状濾過膜モジュールに対して
逆洗工程を実施し、これによってケーク層を取り除き、
濾過性能の回復を図ることができる。この逆洗工程を実
施するために、排出される濾液を加圧しながら排出口６
を通じて収納容器４内に逆流させるようにする。If the filtration performance is not recovered even after the above-mentioned steps, the tubular filter membrane module is backwashed to remove the cake layer.
The filtration performance can be recovered. In order to carry out this backwashing process, the discharge port 6 is pressurized while pressurizing the discharged filtrate.
So as to flow back into the storage container 4.
【００３８】なお、管状濾過膜３は、上述した如く潰れ
圧が大きいため（例えば、少なくとも潰れ圧が２０ｋＰ
ａに設定されているため）、このような逆洗工程の加圧
力により押し潰されてしまうことがなく、逆洗工程を実
施した後も形状を維持し、引き続き上述のような通常濾
過工程に適用することができる。The tubular filtration membrane 3 has a large crushing pressure as described above (for example, at least the crushing pressure is 20 kP).
Since it is set to a), it will not be crushed by the pressure force of such a backwashing step, and the shape will be maintained even after the backwashing step is carried out, and the normal filtration step as described above will be continued. Can be applied.
【００３９】従って、上述の浸漬型膜濾過システム４６
は、浸漬型膜濾過装置２において、通常濾過工程の過程
で濾過休止工程と濾別成分除去工程とを定期的に繰返す
ことにより、管状濾過膜モジュール５を、長期間交換し
なくても、濾過性能を回復させることができ、被処理液
３１の濾過処理を長期間に渡って効率的に継続すること
ができる。Accordingly, the submerged membrane filtration system 46 described above.
In the submerged type membrane filtration device 2, the tubular filtration membrane module 5 can be filtered without exchanging the tubular filtration membrane module 5 for a long period of time by periodically repeating the filtration suspension step and the filtration component removal step in the course of the normal filtration step. The performance can be restored, and the filtering process of the liquid to be processed 31 can be efficiently continued for a long period of time.
【００４０】なお、上述の浸漬型膜濾過装置２を用いた
浸漬型膜濾過方法において、通常濾過工程の過程で濾過
休止工程と濾別成分除去工程とを定期的に繰返す方法
は、手動で行ってもよいし、タイマーを用いて自動的に
行ってもよい。In the immersion type membrane filtration method using the above-mentioned immersion type membrane filtration device 2, a method of periodically repeating the filtration pause step and the filtered component removing step in the process of the normal filtration step is performed manually. Alternatively, it may be automatically performed using a timer.
【００４１】[0041]
【実施例】次に、上述の実施の形態に係る管状濾過膜モ
ジュール５を用いた浸漬型膜濾過装置２の実施例につい
て説明する。EXAMPLES Next, examples of the immersion type membrane filtration device 2 using the tubular filtration membrane module 5 according to the above-described embodiment will be described.
【００４２】貯留槽３０内の被処理液３１中に長さが５
〜１５ｃｍの長繊維状夾雑物を約５０本入れ、ブロワー
４１から空気供給パイプ４２を介して空気を供給し、面
状ノズル７から１０リットル／ｍ2／分程度の空気泡１
４を噴出させると、この空気泡１４のエアーリフト作用
により、被処理液流路２０内の被処理液に上昇流が発生
するので、排出口６からポンプ４０で吸引すると、処理
液流路２１内が負圧になって被処理液流路２０内の被処
理液が管状濾過膜３で濾過され、濾過されない成分は管
状濾過膜モジュール５の出口１３から貯留槽３０内の被
処理液３１中に戻される。The liquid to be treated 31 in the storage tank 30 has a length of 5
Approximately 50 long fiber-like contaminants of up to 15 cm are put in, air is supplied from the blower 41 through the air supply pipe 42, and air bubbles of about 10 liter / m 2 / min from the planar nozzle 7
When 4 is jetted, an upward flow is generated in the liquid to be processed in the liquid to be processed 20 due to the air-lifting action of the air bubbles 14, so when the pump 40 sucks from the discharge port 6, the liquid to be processed 21 is discharged. The inside of the liquid to be treated in the liquid to be treated 20 is filtered by the tubular filtration membrane 3 due to a negative pressure, and the unfiltered components are discharged from the outlet 13 of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 into the liquid to be treated 31 in the storage tank 30. Returned to.
【００４３】上記した濾過処理を数分間継続し、網状フ
ィルター１０に長繊維状夾雑物が多数堆積し始めた頃
に、管状濾過膜モジュール５の出口１３を蓋体１１で閉
じると、網状フィルター１０から被処理液３１が逆流
し、数秒で堆積した長繊維状夾雑物が貯留槽３０内の被
処理液３１中に戻って浮遊することがわかった。The above-described filtration treatment is continued for several minutes, and when the long fiber-like contaminants start to accumulate on the reticulated filter 10, the outlet 13 of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 is closed by the lid 11, and the reticulated filter 10 is closed. From the results, it was found that the liquid to be treated 31 flows backward, and the long fiber-like contaminants deposited in a few seconds return and float in the liquid to be treated 31 in the storage tank 30.
【００４４】次に、前記網状フィルター１０を浸漬型膜
濾過装置２から取り外した状態で同様の濾過処理を継続
すると、数分間で長繊維状夾雑物が管状濾過膜モジュー
ル５の入口１２に堆積し始めたので、管状濾過膜モジュ
ール５の出口１３を蓋体１１で閉じ、網状フィルター１
０を取り外した箇所から被処理液３１が逆流し始める直
前に蓋体１１を開いて空気泡１４を一気に流出させる
と、入口１２に堆積していた長繊維状夾雑物が管状濾過
膜３の被処理液流路２０を通って出口１３から押し出さ
れ、貯留槽３０内の被処理液３１中に戻って浮遊するこ
とがわかった。Next, when the same filtration treatment is continued with the mesh filter 10 removed from the immersion type membrane filtration device 2, long-fiber-like contaminants are deposited at the inlet 12 of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 within a few minutes. Since it started, the outlet 13 of the tubular filtration membrane module 5 was closed with the lid 11, and the mesh filter 1
When the lid 11 is opened and the air bubbles 14 are blown out at once just before the liquid to be treated 31 starts to flow back from the place where the 0 is removed, the long fiber-like impurities accumulated at the inlet 12 are covered with the tubular filtration membrane 3. It was found that the liquid was extruded from the outlet 13 through the treatment liquid flow path 20, returned to the treatment liquid 31 in the storage tank 30 and floated.
【００４５】上述の実施例では、濾液の排出口６が収納
容器４の側面に設けられている管状濾過膜モジュール５
を用いた場合について説明したが、他の形式の管状濾過
膜モジュール５であってもよい。すなわち、濾液を導入
する導入口と濾液を排出する排出口を有する集水管と管
状濾過膜３とを収納容器４の内側に配置したものであっ
てもよい。In the above-mentioned embodiment, the tubular filtration membrane module 5 in which the filtrate discharge port 6 is provided on the side surface of the storage container 4
Although the case where the above is used has been described, the tubular filtration membrane module 5 of another type may be used. That is, the water collecting pipe having the inlet for introducing the filtrate and the outlet for discharging the filtrate and the tubular filtration membrane 3 may be arranged inside the storage container 4.
【００４６】[0046]
【発明の効果】本発明の浸漬型膜濾過装置は、上述のよ
うに、管状濾過膜モジュールに、開くことによって空気
泡を通過させ、閉じることによって空気泡を遮断させる
蓋体を出口側に配置しているので、被処理液の濾過処理
を、長期間、効率的に実施するのに寄与することができ
る。As described above, in the submerged membrane filtration apparatus of the present invention, the tubular filtration membrane module is provided with a lid on the outlet side for opening air bubbles to pass therethrough and closing air bubbles to close air bubbles. Therefore, it is possible to contribute to efficiently performing the filtration treatment of the liquid to be treated for a long period of time.
【００４７】また、本発明の浸漬型膜濾過方法は、上述
のような管状濾過膜モジュールを用いて被処理液を濾過
する通常濾過工程に、濾過休止工程と濾別成分除去工程
を含ませているため、被処理液の濾過処理を、長期間、
効率的に実施することができる。Further, in the immersion type membrane filtration method of the present invention, the ordinary filtration step for filtering the liquid to be treated using the tubular filtration membrane module as described above includes a filtration suspension step and a filtered component removal step. Therefore, the filtration of the liquid to be treated can be
It can be implemented efficiently.
【図１】本発明の実施の形態に係る浸漬型膜濾過装置の
概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an immersion type membrane filtration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】前記浸漬型膜ろ過装置に採用された管状濾過膜
モジュールの一部切り欠き縦断面図である。FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway vertical sectional view of a tubular filtration membrane module used in the immersion type membrane filtration device.
２ 浸漬型膜濾過装置 ３ 管状濾過膜 ４ 収納容器 ５ 管状濾過膜モジュール ６ 排出口 ７ 面状ノズル ８ 案内筒 ９ 空気泡供給装置 １０ 面状フィルター １１ 蓋体 １２ 入口 １３ 出口 １４ 空気泡 ２０ 被処理液流路 ２１ 処理液流路 ３０ 貯留槽 ３１ 被処理液 ４０ ポンプ ４１ ブロワー ４２ 空気供給パイプ ４３ 空気泡発生装置 ４４ 濾液排出経路 ４６ 浸漬型膜濾過システム 2 Immersion type membrane filtration device 3 tubular filtration membrane 4 storage containers 5 Tubular filtration membrane module 6 outlets 7-sided nozzle 8 guide tubes 9 Air bubble supply device 10 surface filter 11 lid 12 entrance 13 exit 14 air bubbles 20 Process liquid flow path 21 Processing liquid flow path 30 storage tanks 31 liquid to be treated 40 pumps 41 Blower 42 Air supply pipe 43 Air bubble generator 44 Filtrate discharge route 46 Immersion type membrane filtration system
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 4D006 GA07 HA28 HA93 JA10A JA19Z JA31A JA31Z JA39Z KA12 KA43 KA87 KC03 KC14 MA31 MA33 MC11 MC22 MC23 MC48 PB15 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page F-term (reference) 4D006 GA07 HA28 HA93 JA10A JA19Z JA31A JA31Z JA39Z KA12 KA43 KA87 KC03 KC14 MA31 MA33 MC11 MC22 MC23 MC48 PB15
Claims (9)
膜濾過方式によって濾過処理し、濾液を得るための浸漬
型膜濾過装置であって、前記浸漬型膜濾過装置は管状濾
過膜モジュールと空気泡供給装置とを少なくとも有し、
前記管状濾過膜モジュールは、内面に被処理液の濾過機
能を有する管状濾過膜の複数本が、筒状の収納容器内に
収容されて両端部が保持されるとともに該両端部を上下
方向に開口させるように前記貯留槽内に配置され、前記
空気泡供給装置は、空気泡を発生させる空気泡発生装置
と前記空気泡を管状濾過膜モジュールに向けて案内する
案内筒とを有し、前記空気泡によって被処理液が管状濾
過膜モジュールの下方から上方に流れて濾過されるよう
に管状濾過膜モジュールの下方に配置され、かつ前記管
状濾過膜モジュールは、開くことによって空気泡を通過
させ、閉じることによって空気泡を遮断させる蓋体が上
方に配置されたことを特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過装置。1. An immersion type membrane filtration device for obtaining a filtrate by subjecting a liquid to be treated stored in a storage tank to a filtration process by an immersion type membrane filtration system, wherein the immersion type membrane filtration device is a tubular filtration membrane. At least a module and an air bubble supply device,
In the tubular filtration membrane module, a plurality of tubular filtration membranes having an inner surface having a function of filtering a liquid to be treated are housed in a cylindrical storage container so that both ends are held and the both ends are vertically opened. Is arranged in the storage tank so that the air bubble supply device has an air bubble generation device for generating air bubbles and a guide tube for guiding the air bubbles toward the tubular filtration membrane module, The liquid to be treated is disposed below the tubular filtration membrane module so that the liquid to be treated flows and is filtered upward from below the tubular filtration membrane module, and the tubular filtration membrane module passes through and closes air bubbles by opening. The submerged membrane filtration device is characterized in that a lid for blocking air bubbles is arranged above.
て、空気泡発生装置は、大きさと形状が案内筒の軸方向
に垂直な断面における内周と実質的に同じであって、空
気泡の圧力によって開閉する噴出孔を全面に有してい
る、ゴム弾性体からなる面状ノズルを備えていることを
特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過装置。2. The submerged membrane filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the air bubble generation device has substantially the same size and shape as the inner circumference of a cross section of the guide cylinder perpendicular to the axial direction, 1. An immersion type membrane filtration device comprising a planar nozzle made of a rubber elastic body, which has a jet nozzle which opens and closes by the pressure of 1.
置において、案内筒は、被処理液を内部に導入する網状
フィルターを有していることを特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過
装置。3. The immersion type membrane filtration device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the guide tube has a reticulated filter into which the liquid to be treated is introduced.
載の浸漬型膜濾過装置において、管状濾過膜モジュール
は、収納容器が濾液を排出する排出口を有し、この排出
口から延びる濾液排出経路を有していることを特徴とす
る浸漬型膜濾過装置。4. The immersion type membrane filtration device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the tubular filtration membrane module has a discharge port through which the storage container discharges the filtrate, and extends from this discharge port. An immersion type membrane filtration device having a filtrate discharge route.
載の浸漬型膜濾過装置において、管状濾過膜モジュール
は、収納容器が、内側に間隔を設けて、濾液を導入する
導入口と濾液を排出する排出口を有する筒状の集水管を
有し、この間に管状濾過膜の複数本を収容し、前記排出
口から延びる濾液排出経路を有していることを特徴とす
る浸漬型膜濾過装置。5. The immersion-type membrane filtration device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the tubular filtration membrane module is such that the storage container has an inlet for introducing the filtrate with a space provided inside. A submerged membrane having a tubular water collecting pipe having a discharge port for discharging a filtrate, accommodating a plurality of tubular filtration membranes between them, and having a filtrate discharge path extending from the discharge port. Filtration device.
膜濾過方式によって濾過処理し、濾液を得るための浸漬
型膜濾過方法であって、内面に被処理液の濾過機能を有
する管状濾過膜の複数本が筒状の収納容器内に収容され
て両端部が保持された管状濾過膜モジュールを、該両端
部を上下方向に開口するように前記貯留槽内に配置し、
この管状濾過膜モジュールの下方から空気泡を供給して
被処理液を管状濾過膜モジュールの下方から上方に流し
て濾過する通常濾過工程と、前記空気泡の流れを遮断し
て被処理液の濾過を休止させる濾過休止工程と、遮断し
た空気泡の流れを再開して管状濾過膜モジュールに蓄積
した濾別成分を除去する濾別成分除去工程とを含むこと
を特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過方法。6. A submerged membrane filtration method for obtaining a filtrate by subjecting a liquid to be treated stored in a storage tank to a filtration treatment by a submerged membrane filtration method, the inner surface having a function of filtering the liquid to be treated. A tubular filtration membrane module in which a plurality of tubular filtration membranes are accommodated in a cylindrical storage container and both ends thereof are held, is arranged in the storage tank so as to open the both ends in the vertical direction,
A normal filtration step of supplying air bubbles from below the tubular filtration membrane module to flow the liquid to be treated upward from below the tubular filtration membrane module and filtering, and filtering the liquid to be treated by blocking the flow of the air bubbles. And a filtration component removal step of restarting the flow of blocked air bubbles to remove the filtration component accumulated in the tubular filtration membrane module.
て、収納容器は濾液を排出する排出口を有し、この排出
口から排出される濾液を加圧しながら前記排出口を通じ
て収納容器内に逆流させる逆洗工程を、さらに含んでい
ることを特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過方法。7. The immersion type membrane filtration method according to claim 6, wherein the storage container has a discharge port for discharging the filtrate, and the filtrate discharged from the discharge port is pressurized into the storage container through the discharge port. A submerged membrane filtration method, which further comprises a backwashing step of backflowing.
て、収納容器は濾液を導入する導入口と濾液を排出する
排出口を有する筒状の集水管が間隔を設けて内側に配置
され、この排出口から排出される濾液を加圧しながら前
記排出口を通じて収納容器内に逆流させる逆洗工程を、
さらに含んでいることを特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過方法。8. The submerged membrane filtration method according to claim 6, wherein the storage container has a cylindrical water collecting pipe having an inlet for introducing the filtrate and an outlet for discharging the filtrate, and the inside of the tubular water collecting pipe is arranged at an interval. A backwashing step in which the filtrate discharged from this discharge port is back-flowed into the storage container through the discharge port while pressurizing,
A submerged membrane filtration method, which further comprises:
載の浸漬型膜濾過方法において、通常濾過工程の過程
で、濾過休止工程と濾別成分除去工程とを導入すること
を特徴とする浸漬型膜濾過方法。9. The immersion membrane filtration method according to claim 6, wherein a filtration suspension step and a filtered component removal step are introduced in the process of the normal filtration step. Immersion type membrane filtration method.
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