JP2002297698A - Environmental load and cost evaluating program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an environmental load and cost evaluating program which grasps the cost and environmental load throughout the life cycle of a product. SOLUTION: This program includes an instruction which makes a computer input data regarding environmental load factors, an instruction which makes the computer store in a database environmental load exhaustion source units showing the relation between environmental load factors and environmental loads and cost source units showing the relation between the environmental load factors and costs, an instruction which makes the computer compute environmental loads in respective, stages of raw material supply, manufacture, distribution, use, and disposal of the life cycle of the product according to the input data, and an instruction which makes the computer compute the costs corresponding to the environmental load factors according to the cost source units.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an environmental load evaluation program for evaluating the environmental load of a product.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, due to the social rise to global environmental problems, it has been required not only to consider the environmental effects of production activities in factories but also to reduce the environmental burden of products. LCA: Life
Cycle Assessment) is attracting attention. LCA is a method for analyzing and evaluating the load that a product exerts on the environment throughout its life and improving it to reduce the environmental load. In other words, the LCA is to grasp and evaluate the environmental load through the product life cycle (raw material collection → production → distribution → use → disposal / recycling). LCA is not a partial good or bad, but a comprehensive assessment over the life of the product, and
It is characterized by quantitatively grasping the load such as air pollution, resource efficiency, and amount of waste, so that it can be used scientifically or rationally to improve it.

[0003] However, in a method for performing detailed process analysis over the entire life cycle of a product, evaluation requires a great deal of time and effort. Home appliances and other products are manufactured in enormous quantities and varieties, and have a large share of the environmental burden.
Evaluation by LCA is important, and it is important to clarify the issues such as what stage and what environmental load from the product life cycle, and what stage and what should be improved to reduce the environmental load. It needs to be reflected in improvement. However, as a method used for performing a life cycle evaluation from a design stage on a product having a short development period such as a home electric appliance, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-5 is disclosed.
A technique as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 7936 has been proposed.

[0004] By the above method, the environmental load over the life cycle of a product can be easily grasped.
Even if the degree of reduction in environmental load can be ascertained, it is not possible to determine how much the cost has been increased to reduce the environmental load. The concept of calculating the cost of the entire product life cycle is Life Cycle Cost (LCC).
ing).

[0005] As in the case of LCA, which is a comprehensive evaluation over the entire product life cycle, it is necessary to grasp and evaluate the cost over the entire product life cycle. In particular,
This is because it will be difficult to develop products without disposing costs in the future.

[0006]

Conventionally, LCA analysis and L
CC analysis was not integrated. The reason is that LCA and LCC handle different boundaries. For example, LCA does not consider human power (labor), but LCC pays a large weight on labor costs. There is that. Therefore, there are many different input items for calculation between LCA and LCC.
It is necessary to collect a huge amount of data by itself, but LCC
Data collection is also necessary for this. As with the simple LCA technique, a simple LCC technique is desired. Also, LC
It is desirable to have an LCC that can be incorporated into A's system.

An object of the present invention is to grasp the cost over the life cycle of a product, and at the same time to grasp the environmental load over the life cycle of the product, and at the same time, to easily grasp the cost over the life cycle of the product, and to estimate future costs. It is an object of the present invention to provide an environmental load evaluation program that is used to evaluate a possible cost in parallel with an environmental load.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention comprises a step of inputting data relating to an environmental load factor, and a step of associating an environmental load discharge unit, an environmental load factor, and a cost, which indicates the relationship between the environmental load factor and the environmental load. Storing the cost unit value shown in the database, calculating the environmental load at each stage of the raw material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal of the product life cycle based on the input data; and Calculating a cost corresponding to the environmental load factor.

According to the present invention, there is provided an input means for inputting data relating to an environmental load factor, an environmental load discharge unit indicating the relationship between the environmental load factor and the environmental load, and a cost unit indicating the relationship between the environmental load factor and the cost. A database to store,
Computing means for calculating the environmental load in each stage of raw material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal in the life cycle of the product based on the input data and the cost corresponding to the environmental load factor based on the cost basic unit. -Provide a cost evaluation device.

The present invention provides an input means for inputting product-specific information such as each component, material and quantity of a product, and a life cycle of a product in stages such as raw material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, disposal and recycling. Separately, product-specific information such as each component, material and quantity of the product is individually input for each product, and the information such as the component, material and input energy, and cost are based on statistical data prepared in advance. The present invention provides an environmental load / cost evaluation device having processing means for calculating by calculation and output means for outputting the processing result of the processing means.

According to the present invention, input means for inputting product-specific information such as each component, material and quantity of a product, and the life cycle of a product are divided into raw material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, disposal and recycling. The emission unit and the cost unit of the environmental load factor generated in each stage are provided in advance, and the emission unit and the cost of the environmental load factor are calculated by multiplying the unit by the used amount or the input amount. Provided is an environmental impact assessment and cost evaluation device that includes a processing unit and an output unit that outputs a processing result of the processing unit.

According to the present invention, there is provided an instruction for inputting data relating to an environmental load factor to a computer, an environmental load discharge unit indicating the relationship between the environmental load factor and the environmental load, and a cost unit unit indicating the relationship between the environmental load factor and the cost. On the basis of the cost unit, and the instruction to make the computer store the database in a database, the instruction to make the computer calculate the environmental load in each stage of raw material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal of the product life cycle based on the input data. An environmental load / cost evaluation program including an instruction for causing a computer to calculate a cost corresponding to an environmental load factor.

In the present invention, the calculated result is displayed as a graph. The effects of environmental measures can be simulated by parallel display of the environmental load and cost, based on the calculation results obtained when the recovery rate and reduction rate of recycled materials during the disposal / recycling process and the setting of the cost / cost index in the disposal process are changed. You can grasp it visually.

According to the present invention, the processes that are uniquely determined, for example, the distribution stage and the disposal stage are modeled (uniform, general-purpose), and a number of undetermined materials,
Parts and input energy do not go back to the source stream, but calculate the environmental load and cost using the basic unit obtained from reliable data. in this way,
Once standardized, only the source of the basic unit, which is the basis of calculation, is important for data reliability and transparency.

As reliable data, for example, data of an "input-output table" is used. The input-output table covers all the ripple effects of domestic supply and demand, and consequently goes back to the source. Also, since the input-output table describes the unit prices of various domestic production activities, it originally has the function as a cost unit.

In the present invention, the reliable data is not limited to the input-output table, but may be used as long as the emission intensity is unified as an industry standard.
The range of application is wide.

For the cost evaluation, for example, data of “cost index of small and medium-sized enterprises” can be used. The SME cost index is statistical data that summarizes the ratio of cost of sales to sales in each industry, and calculates transport and disposal costs from product weight by associating them with truck transport volume and waste disposal volume. be able to.

Regarding the disposal cost, when the processing capacity is improved due to the difference in the kind of the waste and the progress of the processing technology, or when the final disposal site becomes tight, the amount of the waste disposal varies. That is, it is possible to immediately reflect the current situation. By considering future fluctuations and parameterizing them, it is possible to derive calculation results that take into account future changes.

As described above, product developers and analysis workers
Since analysis including not only LCA analysis of products but also LCC analysis of products can be easily performed, measures to reduce environmental impact can be taken by applying to home electric appliances that need to develop products in a short time. Product development can be performed while simulating.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A product environmental load / cost evaluation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In this apparatus, the environmental load and cost are calculated at each stage of the product life cycle (raw material procurement, production, distribution, use, disposal / recycling). Uniquely determined processes, for example, the distribution stage and disposal stage, can be standardized and generalized by modeling, and undetermined materials, parts, input energy, etc. can be traced back to the source stream. Instead, the environmental load and cost are calculated using the basic unit obtained from the reliable data.

The following describes each stage of the life cycle: raw material procurement stage, manufacturing stage, distribution stage, use stage, disposal /
An input method and a calculation method will be described for each of the recycling stages in order.

1. Raw Material Procurement Stage, Manufacturing Stage, and Use Stage FIG. 1 shows a configuration commonly used in the raw material procurement stage, the manufacturing stage, and the use stage. According to this, the input unit 11 is provided for inputting input materials (iron, aluminum, etc.) and input energy (electricity, gas, etc.) necessary for manufacturing a product. The input unit 11 is connected to the calculation unit 12. The calculation unit 12 is connected with an environmental load emission intensity unit database (LCA database) 13 and a cost database (LCC database) 14.
The environmental load emission intensity database 13 stores the environmental impact emission intensity, which indicates how much environmental impact (eg, CO _{2 )} is emitted when one unit of material is used. The unit of environmental load emission can be estimated based on the input-output table. The cost database 14 stores costs required to manufacture one product.

The operation unit 12 includes an LCC output unit 15 and an LC
A output unit 16 is connected. The LCC output unit 15 outputs information related to LCC such as material costs, purchased parts costs, power and water costs, fuel costs, and outsourcing costs calculated by the calculation unit 12. The LCA output unit 16 outputs information on LCA such as an environmental load factor emission amount indicating an environmental load factor emission amount such as CO ₂ . LCC output unit 15 is in raw material procurement stage,
The results obtained in the manufacturing stage and the distribution stage are totaled, and the raw material procurement stage total result, the manufacturing stage total result, and the distribution stage total result are output.

Next, the operation of the environmental load / cost evaluation device for products of the first embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Since the operations of the raw material procurement stage, the manufacturing stage, and the use stage are common, the raw material procurement stage will be described.

First, the used part, constituent material, input energy and the like are specified and input by the input unit 11 (S1).
1). When the input information is sent to the calculation unit 12, the calculation unit 12 calculates how much steel is used in the entire product, and fetches the information from the environmental load emission intensity unit database 13, for example, the environmental load of steel. The basic unit is multiplied to calculate the CO ₂ emission amount. At this time, the calculation unit 12 simultaneously reads the unit price of the material or component from the cost database 14 and multiplies the unit price with the weight or number of the input material or component to obtain the material cost. The unit price is read, and the fuel cost is calculated by multiplying the unit price by the input energy amount (S12). With respect to the environmental load and the material cost obtained in this way, the total of each part is obtained. This sum is the CO ₂ emissions and costs at the raw material procurement stage. C
O ₂ emissions and cost LCC output section 15 and the LC
It is sent to the A output unit 16 and output (S13). LCC
The output unit 15 and the LCA output unit 16 display LCC information such as cost and LC
A information can be displayed in parallel.

As shown in FIG. 1, the results obtained in the raw material procurement stage, the manufacturing stage, and the distribution stage are totaled from the LCC output unit 15 to output the raw material procurement stage total result, the manufacturing stage total result, and the distribution stage total result. .

When the "input-output table" is used as the unit of environmental load emission, since the input-output table describes the unit prices of all the material classes, the LCA database 13 is replaced with the LCC database 14 Can be used as is. Also, since the input-output table deals with the average unit price of the entire Japanese industry, when inputting materials in LCA analysis, the material unit price is displayed and adjusted together with the amount used, so that the initial approximate value can be changed to the actual value. You can get closer.

In the LCA analysis, the "input-output table"
If other environmental load factor emission intensity is used,
The shipment value per product can be used for LCC, which corresponds to the cost of raw material procurement stage and manufacturing stage. This information is easily available to anyone engaged in product development. In the LCA analysis,
As a method of converting the energy consumption of the entire factory into one product, excluding calculating the input energy at the manufacturing stage,
An estimation formula of “input energy per product = energy consumption of the entire factory × amount of shipment of one product / amount of shipment of the entire factory” may be used. The “shipment amount per product” input here can be used for LCC analysis as it is.

2. Distribution Stage FIG. 3 shows a hardware configuration used in the distribution stage. According to this, the input unit 21 for inputting data such as product weight and product packaging volume is connected to the calculation unit 22. The calculation unit 21 includes a cost-of-sales index database 23,
It is connected to the environmental load emission intensity unit database 24 and the raw material procurement stage / production stage LCC output unit 15. Further, the operation unit 22 is connected to the LCC output unit 25 and the LCA output unit 26. The cost-of-sales index database 23 stores cost-of-sales index information indicating what percentage of sales is costed. The cost of sales index is created with reference to the SME cost index.

Next, processing at the distribution stage using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIG.

Since this process is a process uniquely determined, the process is modeled to calculate the environmental load and the cost.

First, a product weight and a product packing volume are input by the input unit 21 (S21). Next, as the distribution model, for example, from the factory shipment to the distribution base, and from the distribution base to each mass retailer, a transportation means and a transportation distance are set for each route (S22).

Next, the calculation unit 22 refers to the environmental load emission unit database 24 to calculate the environmental load emission amount (LCA value) in each route based on the emission unit of the transportation means.
At the same time, the calculation unit 22 refers to the cost-of-sales index database 23 to calculate the fuel cost (LCC value) at the time of transporting the product from the fuel efficiency, the transport distance, and the fuel unit price according to each transportation means (S23). At this time, the fuel cost, the utility cost, and the personnel cost are calculated by multiplying the ratio of the cost of the raw material before distribution to the cost of the manufacturing stage.

As a basic unit for calculating the cost,
For example, a "cost index for small and medium enterprises" can be used. This statistical material contains data on the management of small and medium-sized enterprises, and shows detailed values for cost items, selling expenses, and administrative expenses (operating expenses). As for logistics and waste disposal, SMEs mainly do
It is possible to reflect the current situation. These cost of sales items include "direct material costs" and "personnel costs"
"Personnel costs" which are not considered in the LCA analysis can also be calculated.

The LCA value and the LCC value calculated by the above calculations are output to the LCA output unit 26 and the LCC output unit 25.
Is output (S24). The display 27 displays LCC information such as cost and LCA such as environmental load calculation result.
Information can be displayed side by side.

3. Disposal stage Like the distribution stage, the disposal stage is a process that can be uniquely determined. Therefore, modeling is performed to calculate the environmental load and cost. FIG. 5 shows the hardware configuration at this discarding stage. According to this, the input unit 31 for inputting the weight of the product to be discarded is connected to the calculation unit 32. The operation unit 32 is connected to the cost database 33 to calculate the LCA value and the LCC value with reference to the cost database 33. The cost database 33 stores a cost-of-sales index memory 34 for storing the cost-of-sales index indicating what percentage of the sales is the cost for each type of business, and the sales for storing the data relating to the sales / processing amount indicating the sales for the processing amount. / Processing amount memory 35. The output of the operation unit 32 is connected to the LCC output unit 36 and the LCA output unit 37. The display 38 can simultaneously display LCC information such as cost and LCA information such as environmental load calculation result.

Next, the discard processing will be described with reference to the processing flow of FIG.

FIG. 6 shows a model flow of “collection → intermediate treatment → incineration → landfill” as a disposal process. According to this, first, the weight of the product is input in the collection operation by the collection company (S31), and the collection process is performed (S32). In this collection process, the sales for the product weight is calculated based on the data of the sales / processing amount memory 35, and the material cost, the labor cost, the utility cost, and the outsourcing cost are calculated based on the sales cost index of the sales cost index memory 34. Material costs, labor costs, utility costs and outsourcing costs at the collection company are calculated and output according to the ratio.

The recovered product is sent to an intermediate processing company,
Intermediate processing is performed (S33). In this intermediate treatment, the product is processed by decomposition and crushing. The product after decomposition and crushing is classified into industrial waste and general waste (S34).
At this time, the ratio of incineration and landfill is different between industrial waste and general waste, and is divided into incineration and landfill according to the respective ratios (S35, S36). Also in this intermediate processing, the sales to the product weight are calculated, and the material, personnel, and utility costs in the intermediate processing company are calculated based on the cost of sales index and the ratio of material, labor, utility, and subcontracting costs. And outsourcing costs are calculated and output.

The material to be incinerated is sent to an incinerator and incinerated (S37). Also in this incineration process, the sales based on the weight of the incinerated material is calculated, and the material, personnel, and utility costs of the incinerator are calculated according to the ratio of material, labor, utility, and subcontracting costs based on the cost of sales index. And outsourcing costs are calculated and output.

The objects to be landfilled are sent to a landfill company and landfilled (S38). In this landfill process, sales are calculated based on the weight of landfills, and materials, labor, utilities, and utilities are calculated according to the ratio of material, labor, utility, and outsourcing costs based on the cost of sales index. And outsourcing costs are calculated and output.

FIG. 7 includes recycling in the apparatus of FIG. According to this, the presence or absence of recycling is determined after the intermediate processing (S39). The recyclable parts are sent to a recycler and reused (S40). In this recycling as well, sales are calculated based on the weight of recycled parts, and based on the cost of sales index, material, labor, utilities, and outsourcing costs for recyclers are calculated based on the ratio of material, labor, utilities, and outsourcing costs. Is calculated and output.

As described above, in each step of this flow, the emission unit and the data input in the raw material procurement stage, which are stored in the database 33 and obtained from statistical data or the like, are used. Therefore, no new input item is required.

The fuel cost can be calculated from the fuel consumption in each step.
By determining the composition ratio (breakdown ratio) for items other than the CA input items, items such as labor costs that are not considered in the LCA analysis can be automatically calculated.
As the breakdown ratio, for example, a “cost index of small and medium-sized enterprises” can be used. Since the above-mentioned disposal flow mainly consists of the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is possible to use the data of small and medium-sized enterprises.

As described above, the value of “annual sales / annual processing amount” in each step of the waste flow is estimated.
This can be estimated from the disposal cost required from statistical data, the transaction price of recycled materials, and the like. For example, general industrial waste treatment such as "intermediate treatment of industrial waste treatment business / final disposal company list" It can also be calculated from the processing capacity of various types of waste and the annual amount of processing in the company data of the trader.

By using such values, the sales at each stage can be calculated from the product weight, which is the input information of the LCA analysis, and the sales cost ratio in the “small and medium enterprise cost index” can be calculated. By multiplying them, it is possible to estimate “material costs, labor costs, utility costs, and outsourcing costs” that are the cost of sales at each stage.

The “cost index of small and medium-sized enterprises” includes municipal solid waste disposal (average), industrial waste disposal (collection / transportation), industrial waste disposal (intermediate treatment), and industrial waste disposal (final). Disposal) and industrial waste treatment (overall average) describe cost-of-sales indicators, and these industries can be applied to each step of the waste flow. Collection and transportation can be applied for collection, intermediate treatment for intermediate treatment and incineration, and final disposal for landfill. In addition, it is possible to apply the cost ratio of the general freight forwarding business to the collection.

In the disposal stage, the unit consumption can be changed according to the type of waste and the processing means. Naturally, the amount and cost of treatment vary with the type of waste. When estimating more detailed disposal costs, different values are applied for each type of waste. Further, values such as the above-mentioned emission intensity, cost intensity, and cost ratio are expected to change significantly in the future. Also,
If progress in waste disposal capacity and technology has led to improvements in processing capacity or tightness in final disposal sites,
The throughput varies greatly. It is also possible to reflect such present conditions and future predictions in the relationship between the processing amount and the sales.

As described above, the person performing the analysis can display the environmental load evaluation result and the cost evaluation result in parallel by simply inputting the components of the product, the amount used, the energy input during use, and the like. Can be.

It is possible to ensure the reliability and transparency of emission unit cost and cost unit data, and to develop efficient environmentally conscious products by evaluating costs simultaneously with the environmental load of products. It becomes possible.

In the above embodiment, the operation unit, the LCC
The output unit and the LCA output unit can be controlled by a program using a computer.

[0053]

Next, a specific embodiment of the present apparatus will be described. Hereinafter, a calculation example of the environmental load and the cost of the washing machine will be specifically described. Here, the environmental load is CO ₂
But SOx and NOx, or BOD and C
Water quality load such as OD can be calculated in the same manner.

1. Raw material procurement stage In the raw material procurement stage, first, parts and components are specified in order to identify them. The component names include a housing, a PC board assembly, a washing layer, a mechanical component, and the like. Each component material is developed according to these component names. As a result, it was found that steel A [kg] was used in the entire product, and the CO ₂ intensity unit Bg [gCO ₂
/ G] C [kg] multiplied by CO per product
₂ emissions. When the total sum of the development of these components is obtained, D [kg] is obtained, and the CO ₂ emission amount is calculated in the raw material procurement stage. At the same time, F [yen] obtained by multiplying steel Akg by steel unit price E [yen / g] is calculated as a material cost. In addition, the sum of the material costs is also calculated,
Aggregate the total raw material costs.

2. At the manufacturing stage, the breakdown is entered for each input energy. That is, the input energy per unit in the assembly factory is obtained. In total, G [kWh]
And H [gCO ₂ / kW obtained from the input-output table
h] is multiplied by 1 [g] to obtain C
O ₂ emissions. At the same time, the unit price of electric power, J
K [yen] multiplied by [yen / kWh] is totaled as power cost.

3. The distribution stage distribution model is set from the factory shipment to the distribution base and from the distribution base to each mass retailer. From the factory to the distribution base, 505 [km] obtained by calculating the weighted average of the distribution ratio is input as the transport distance. The transport distance from the distribution base to the mass retailer is 20 [km]. In each route, the transportation means and the number of products to be loaded (assuming a loading rate of 80%) obtained from the product packing volume are input. In each route, the transport distance is divided by the number of loaded vehicles, and the emission unit of the transport means, for example, L [gCO ₂ for a 4 [t] truck.
/ Km] to calculate the CO ₂ emission amount M [g].

The fuel cost during product transportation can be calculated from the fuel efficiency, the transportation distance, and the fuel unit price according to the transportation means. However, in the distribution stage, there are also labor costs and the like that cannot be covered by LCA input items. Take into consideration. As for the cost items other than the LCA input items, the breakdown ratio is determined at each stage of the life cycle, and is automatically calculated. As the breakdown ratio, for example, “cost index of small and medium-sized enterprises” can be used.

Based on the total cost at the raw material procurement stage and the manufacturing stage, the cost of sales “direct material costs, personnel costs,
Utility costs and outsourcing costs ”are calculated. At the distribution stage,
The ratio of the cost of sales of the "general freight forwarding business" in the "small and medium enterprise cost index" can be applied.

Further, as the cost related to sales, the cost of sales in wholesale and retail can also be taken into consideration.
The “cost of packing, labor cost, vehicle fuel / repair cost”, which is the cost of sales in wholesale, is calculated based on the distribution stage cost. The “Small- and medium-sized enterprises cost index” includes textile wholesale, food wholesale, and other wholesale as wholesale trades, and applies the electrical appliance wholesale trade included in other wholesale trades for home appliances.

Similarly, it is possible to calculate the cost of packing, the labor cost, and the fuel / repair cost of the vehicle, which are the cost of sales at the retail store. The “SME cost index” states that textile retailing,
Grocery retail, personal belongings retail, fuel retailing, household durables retailing, household durables retailing, cultural goods retailing, and other retailing. Applies the appliance retail business included in.

4. Usage stage Consider the power consumption and average usage time of the washing machine. Assuming that N [kWh] is consumed per day and the average life is 9 years, O [kWh] is consumed in the life cycle.
Q [g] obtained by multiplying P [gCO ₂ / kwh] obtained from the input-output table is C
O ₂ emissions. At the same time, the unit price of power R
S [yen] obtained by multiplying by [yen / kWh] is the power cost. Similarly, regarding the consumption of water and the consumption of materials such as detergents, the CO ₂ emission amount, water supply cost, and material cost are calculated.

[0062] 5. Disposal stage As a disposal process, a model flow of “collection → intermediate treatment → incineration → landfill” is set. In each step, the emission intensity determined from the literature or the like is set. In the disposal stage, there is no new input item because the data input in the above-mentioned raw material procurement stage is used.

The used product is collected by a local government or the like and transported to an intermediate treatment plant at an average distance of 20 [km] at a loading rate of 4 [t] trucks of 60%, so that the total weight of the product is T [kg].
Is multiplied by U [gCO ₂ / g], which is an emission basic unit, to calculate a CO ₂ emission amount.

In the above calculation, the fuel cost can be calculated from the fuel consumption in each step. However, also in the disposal stage, similar to the distribution stage, personnel costs that cannot be handled by LCA input items are also taken into consideration. Put in. LCA
As for the cost items other than the input items, the breakdown ratio is determined in each stage of the life cycle, and is automatically calculated.
As the breakdown ratio, for example, “cost index of small and medium-sized enterprises” can be used. Since the above-mentioned disposal flow mainly consists of the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is possible to use the data of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Therefore, the value of “annual sales / annual processing amount” in each step of the disposal flow is estimated. This can be estimated from the disposal cost required from statistical data, the transaction price of recycled materials, and the like. For example, general industrial waste treatment such as "intermediate treatment of industrial waste treatment business / final disposal company list" It can also be calculated from the processing capacity of various wastes in the company data of the trader and the annual amount of processing. From the relationship between the processing amount and the sales amount obtained from the company data, for example, in the intermediate processing stage, if the processing is performed by crushing and sorting, a value such as V [yen / kg] is obtained.

By using such values, it is possible to calculate the sales at each stage from the product weight, which is the input information of the LCA analysis, and further, from the statistical data such as “cost index of small and medium enterprises”. By multiplying the required cost-to-sales ratio, it is possible to estimate the cost of sales “material costs, personnel costs, utility costs, and outsourcing costs” at each stage.

The cost indicators of the SMEs include general waste treatment (average), industrial waste treatment (collection / transport), industrial waste treatment (intermediate treatment), and industrial waste treatment (final disposal). ), The cost of sales index is described from categories such as the industrial waste treatment industry (overall average), and these industries can be applied to each step of the waste flow. Collection and transportation can be applied for collection, intermediate treatment for intermediate treatment and incineration, and final disposal for landfill. In addition, it is possible to apply the cost ratio of the general freight forwarding business to the collection.

Further, in the disposal stage, the basic unit can be changed according to the type of waste and the processing means.

The above-mentioned emission intensity, cost intensity,
Values such as the cost ratio are expected to change significantly in the future. In addition, due to the progress of waste disposal volume and technology,
If the treatment capacity has been improved or the landfill site has become increasingly tight, the current situation can be reflected.

[0070]

As described above, according to the present invention, the product L
The LCC analysis result can be calculated at the same time as the CA analysis result, and the calculation can be easily performed only by the input data of the LCA analysis.

Further, the LCA result and the LCC result can be displayed in parallel, and the effect of introducing environmental measures can be simulated by designing the product while comparing these results, which leads to cost reduction and reduction of environmental load. .

Further, it is possible to carry out an analysis in consideration of future fluctuations in waste disposal costs, and it is possible to utilize the results for decision making on environmental measures at the time of product development.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a raw material procurement stage, a production stage, and a use stage in a product environmental load / cost evaluation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of a raw material procurement stage of the apparatus of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a distribution stage in the environmental load / cost evaluation device for products according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the apparatus of FIG. 3 in the distribution stage.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram relating to a disposal stage in the environmental load / cost evaluation device for a product according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the apparatus of FIG. 5 at the discarding stage.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an operation including recycling in the disposal stage of the apparatus in FIG. 5;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Input part 12 ... Operation part 13 ... Environmental load emission source unit price database 14 ... Cost database 15 ... LCC output part 16 ... LCA output part 17 ... Display 21 ... Input part 22 ... Operation part 23 ... Cost-of-sales database 24 ... Environment Load emission unit price database 25 ... LCC output unit 26 ... LCA output unit 27 ... Display unit 31 ... Input unit 32 ... Calculation unit 33 ... Cost database 34 ... Sales cost index memory 35 ... Sales / processing amount memory 36 ... LCC output unit 37: LCA output unit 38: Display

Claims (7)

[Claims] An instruction for inputting data relating to an environmental load factor to a computer, an environmental load emission basic unit indicating the relationship between the environmental load factor and the environmental load, and a cost basic unit indicating the relationship between the environmental load factor and the cost. To store in a database, instructions to calculate the environmental load at each stage of raw material procurement, manufacturing, distribution, use, and disposal in the product life cycle based on the input data, and environmental load based on the cost basic unit. An environmental load / cost evaluation program including instructions for causing a computer to calculate a cost corresponding to a factor. 2. An instruction for causing a computer to calculate an environmental load from an input material and an input energy as environmental load factors based on an environmental load emission basic unit, and a material cost and a fuel from the input material and the input energy based on the cost basic unit. 2. The environmental load / cost evaluation program according to claim 1, further comprising instructions for causing a computer to calculate a product life cycle cost including expenses, personnel expenses, and outsourcing expenses. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising instructions for causing a computer to calculate the cost of sales in transportation, retail and wholesale based on costs corresponding to environmental load factors in a raw material procurement stage and a manufacturing stage of the product in a distribution stage of a product life cycle. The environmental load / cost evaluation program according to item 1. 4. The environmental load / cost evaluation program according to claim 1, further comprising an instruction for causing a computer to calculate the cost of sales from the weight of the product at the disposal stage of the life cycle of the product. 5. The environmental load / cost evaluation program according to claim 4, further comprising an instruction for associating the waste disposal means with the processing amount and the sales amount of the processing company, and causing a computer to calculate the sales amount of each processing company from the product weight. 6. It is changed for each waste type or product type.
5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising the step of using a numerical value that predicts a collection price of the recycled material and a future processing technology, and including an instruction to change the relationship between the product weight and the cost of sales by constantly updating the data with the latest data. Cost evaluation program. 7. The environmental load / cost evaluation program according to claim 1, further comprising an instruction to display a calculation result of the environmental load and a cost in a life cycle of the product in parallel.