JP2002291156A - Power generation planning method and power generation plan providing service - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power generation planning method capable of reducing the number of changes in a power generation plan after planned. SOLUTION: The operating characteristics of respective power generating units are calculated based on the operating data of the plurality of power generating units, and the power generating plan of the respective power generating units is developed based on either of the calculated operating characteristics and maintenance data indicating the conditions of inspection and maintenance in the power generating units.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generation planning method and a power generation plan providing service for planning a power generation plan in a power plant.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to operate a power plant, an electric power demand is predicted, and an operation command (power generation command) designed for each power plant or for each power generation unit in the power plant based on the predicted value. It is being done according to plan. The power dispatching center is trying to optimally determine the power generation of each power plant or power generation unit so as to satisfy the demand for power and to achieve the objectives of minimizing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide in exhaust gas, for example. I have.

The performance of each power generation unit depends on the power generation method (power generation efficiency, fuel consumption cost, exhaust gas composition, etc.)
Are different, or even the same method has different characteristics depending on the manufacturing time or manufacturer. Therefore, the power supply command center has the characteristic data of each power generation unit. For example, data indicating the relationship between the amount of power generation and the amount of fuel consumption is prepared as characteristic data necessary to minimize the amount of fuel consumption.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 5-276672 describes a method in which a power generation command for an entire power plant is received from a power supply command center, and the power plant determines the distribution of power generation to each power generation unit. ing.

[0005]

In the above prior art, the characteristic data prepared by the power supply dispatching office is data at a relatively early stage such as a design value of a plant or the start of operation of a power plant. However, since the characteristics of the plant change with the passage of time, there is a case where the current plant characteristics cannot be correctly reflected when drafting a power generation command plan at the power supply dispatching center. In a power plant with a coal-fired boiler, the power generation efficiency and other factors may vary depending on the type of coal.Conventionally, the type of coal currently used and the plant characteristics for each type are based on It was not considered in the drafting of the directive plan. Further, the power generation unit may limit the amount of power generation due to inspection, failure, repair work, or the like, or may be in a state where power generation is impossible in some cases. In addition, if the condition of the device is different from the normal condition even if it does not break down, the device may be stopped or the output may be reduced before it does not matter. The state of such a power generation unit has not been taken into consideration in the conventional method of drafting a power generation amount command plan.

As described above, in the conventional method, the conditions necessary for the optimal distribution of the power generation amount are not taken into consideration, and the optimal power generation amount command plan is not always obtained.

The above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 5-276672 describes that the power generation command of the entire power plant is distributed to the power generation units in the power plant in consideration of information on the type of coal and the state of the equipment. However, at the stage of planning the power generation command for each power plant, these conditions are not taken into consideration, so that the plurality of power plants as a whole may not be optimally planned.

Conventionally, an operation room is provided for each power generation unit,
For example, a team of about 3 to 6 people was formed to operate each power generation unit. However, in recent years, a system in which a plurality of power generation units are collectively operated by a small number of operators from a centralized operation room has begun to be adopted. In such a case, it is practically difficult for a small number of operators to grasp the detailed state and operating characteristics of the components of the multiple units, and it is also difficult to allocate the power generation amount to each power generation unit in consideration of the conditions It is. At the power plant, the plant is operated based on the power generation command from the power supply dispatching station.However, the power generation unit is actually in a state where the power generation must be limited due to inspection or failure, etc. In some cases, power generation was not possible.
In that case, the plan had to be changed at the dispatch center in a hurry, and the plan was not always optimal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a power generation plan drafting method and a power generation plan providing service capable of reducing the number of times the power generation plan is changed after the planning.

[0010]

A feature of the present invention to achieve the above object is to calculate the operation characteristics of each power generation unit based on operation data of a plurality of power generation units, and to check the calculated operation characteristics and each power generation facility. -To formulate a power generation plan for each power generation unit based on at least one of the maintenance data indicating the state of maintenance.

In order to formulate a power generation plan based on at least one of the operating characteristics and maintenance data of the power generation unit,
The power generation plan according to the secular change of the power generation unit can be made, and the number of times of changing the power generation plan after the planning can be reduced.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A power generation planning method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of the present embodiment.

There are an operation command station 1 for providing a power generation amount command to a plurality of power generation units and other operation commands, and a power station 3 for generating power by operating based on the command value. Command values and other data are mutually transmitted and received via The power plant 3 has three power generation units 4a, 4b, 4c, and each of the power generation units is controlled by control devices 5a, 5b, 5c. The control devices 5a, 5b, and 5c receive the power generation command values 610 for each power generation unit created by the power generation command planning means 600 of the operation command station 1, and use the power generation command values to generate the power generation units 4a, 4b. , 4c are automatically controlled. However, when an abnormality or the like of the device occurs, the operation command signal 710 input by the operator from the input / display unit 700 of the operation command station 1 is received, and each power generation unit is controlled according to the command.

Operating data indicating the operating state of the power generation units 4a, 4b, 4c such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, generator output, etc. are measured by various sensors, and their values are controlled by the control devices 5a, 5a, 4c.
5b and 5c are used to calculate control signals. The operation data and the control signal are input to the diagnosis means 6 in the power plant to diagnose the operation state or the equipment state. The diagnosing means 6 compares the measured value or a value obtained by arithmetically processing the measured value with a predetermined upper limit value and lower limit value to determine whether or not the value exceeds the range. If it is out of range, an alarm is generated. Depending on the data item at which the alarm occurred and the magnitude of the deviation from the upper and lower limits, the control devices 5a, 5b, and 5c automatically enter the protection operation based on a pre-programmed interlock function, and output the power of the power generation unit. Or, in some cases, shut down the unit.

Information such as operation data, control signal data, alarms and interlock operation status of each of the power generation units 4a, 4b, 4c is transmitted to the operation command center 1 via a predetermined communication network 2. Information such as operation data, control signal data, alarms, and interlock operation status is input to a data server (not shown) in the power plant 3, and all the input data is stored for a predetermined time. When a predetermined time has elapsed, the oldest data is deleted, and the latest data is stored.

Normally, not all operation data and control signal data are transmitted to the operation command station 1. However, when a data transmission request command is received from the operation command station 1, the requested data is transmitted to the operation command station 1. Send to location 1. Data transmission is continued until the transmission request command is released. Normally, only data necessary for the purpose of evaluating the performance of the power generation unit and the soundness of the equipment is transmitted to the operation command center. However, when an alarm occurs, all alarm information is transmitted to the operation command center 1. Also, if the protection operation is automatically activated by the interlock and the output is reduced,
Alternatively, when the operation is stopped, all the information is also sent to the operation command center 1. The operation command center 1 monitors and operates all the power generation units with a smaller number of operators than the number of all the power generation units under its control. Therefore, even if the information of all the power generation units is constantly received, the operator cannot view the information at the same time, so that only the information of the power generation units required by the operator is received. By doing this,
The communication load is significantly reduced as compared with the case where the data of all the power generation units are constantly transmitted to the operation command center 1. In addition, the load on the computer that processes the data received by the operation command center 1 can be reduced, thereby reducing the number of computers.

When an operator selects a power generation unit of a power plant to be viewed, information on the power generation unit can be viewed. Selection of a power generation unit and display of information can be performed by the input / display unit 700. For example, when the power generation unit # 2 of the A power station is selected, a system diagram of the process is displayed. FIG. 2 shows a display screen example. The name of the selected power generation unit is displayed in the upper frame 721 of the screen, and the main process values are numerically displayed in the system diagram. At the bottom of the screen are menu buttons. From the left to the screen, there are a plant switching button 722, a system diagram switching button 723, a reference data setting button 724, a trend graph display button 725, and a call button 733 for other menus.

When plant switching button 722 is clicked on with a mouse, a plant list is displayed, from which a target plant can be selected. When you select a plant, a list of units in that plant is displayed.
From there, you can select the desired unit. In this embodiment, the operation is performed by an input from a mouse or a keyboard. However, a touch panel system or an input unit using voice may be used. When the system diagram switching button 723 is clicked, a schematic system diagram of the entire unit is displayed.
If you click near the target place, it will be enlarged and displayed as shown in FIG. The system diagram switching button 723 has a scroll function, and the system diagram is scrolled each time the triangle mark on both sides is pressed.

When a reference data setting button 724 is clicked, a data number input window is displayed.
When a data number to be referred is input from the keyboard, a numerical value corresponding to the data number is displayed. The operator can also refer to data not displayed on the screen as needed. The trend graph display button 725 is a function for displaying data displayed as numerical values on the screen in a time-series graph. Clicking a call button 733 for another menu displays another menu list, from which another function can be selected.

In the example of FIG. 2, a tertiary superheater, a fourth superheater,
The system diagram for the range of the desuperheater spray, the turbine control valve, and the high-pressure turbine generator is selected. When the operator selects this screen, the tertiary superheater inlet / outlet, quaternary superheater inlet / outlet, spray flow rate G, temperature T, pressure P are automatically set.
And the data of the control valve opening and the generator output are displayed in display frames 726, 727, 729, 730, 72, respectively.
8,731,732. Thus, the data to be displayed is determined according to the selected screen. When the operator determines the screen, a request command is issued to the data server of the target plant to transmit data necessary for the screen. In the example of FIG. 2, a request command for data transmission of the designated number comes to the data server of the power plant 3. The data server receives the command, and measures the flow rate G, temperature T, pressure P, the opening and closing of the tertiary superheater inlet / outlet, the fourth superheater inlet / outlet, the spray of the No. 2 power generation unit, and the opening / closing valve opening and power generation. Each data of the machine output is transmitted to the operation command center 1.

The request command transmitted from the operation command station 1 includes a transmission cycle for each data in addition to the data items, and the data server of the A power plant 3 transmits data according to the transmission cycle. The transmission cycle is set in advance for each data, and the minimum transmission cycle is programmed to be the measurement cycle of the data. Similarly, when the operator specifies reference data from the reference data setting button 724, the additional data number and its transmission cycle are transmitted to the target plant, and the data server receiving the signal specifies the data corresponding to the data number. Additional transmission is performed at the specified transmission cycle.

When the operator switches from the screen shown in FIG. 2 to another screen at the operation command center 1, a signal for canceling the data transmission request command so far is transmitted to the data server of the power plant A. Upon receiving this release signal, the transmission of data is stopped. When an alarm occurs, all the alarms are transmitted to the operation command center 1. Depending on the type and degree of the alarm (the amount of deviation from the upper and lower limit values), the operation command center 1 is activated.
The way of reporting to the operator is different. For a relatively minor abnormality alarm, only the alarm lamp is turned on, and the alarm is left for a predetermined time. If the alarm is not released after a predetermined time, the brightness of the alarm lamp is increased and an alarm is sounded to alert the operator. If the alarm is released within a predetermined time, the alarm lamp is turned off. For a relatively important abnormal alarm, the operator is notified by an alarm sound (buzzer or voice) and the lighting of an alarm lamp, and at the same time, the data relating to the alarm is automatically displayed on the input / display means 700 as numerical values and graphs. Is displayed with. As the data, the data transmitted from the data server of the power plant 3 by calling data from a predetermined time before the alarm is generated (for example, one hour before) is displayed.

Therefore, when an alarm is generated, the behavior of the related data from one hour before can be viewed, so that the operator of the power generation command station 1 can confirm a change in the operating state leading to the generation of the alarm. The data displayed on the screen is determined in advance as shown in FIG. 3 according to the type of alarm, and is programmed in the data server of the power plant 3. The data server selects necessary data from the relationship shown in FIG. 3 according to the type of alarm to be transmitted, calls the data from a point in time before a predetermined time, and transmits the data to the operation command center 1.

In FIG. 1, the diagnostic means 6 comprises a control unit 5
a, 5b, and 5c are shown independently of each other.
a, 5b, and 5c may have the function of the diagnostic means 6.
In the power plant 3, a receiving unit and a transmitting unit for the operation command and other data are omitted. FIG.
Shows only one power plant 3, but there are actually a plurality of power plants, each of which is connected to the network 2.

Next, the function and configuration of the operation command center 1 will be described in detail.

The operation command center 1 includes a receiving means 210 for receiving data transmitted from each power generation unit, an operating data storage means 200 for storing the data, an operating characteristic calculating means 500 for calculating operating characteristics from the operating data, State diagnosis means 400 for diagnosing the equipment state from the data, maintenance data management means 300 for managing so-called maintenance data relating to inspection and repair of the power generation unit, design value storage means 100 for storing design data of each power generation unit, The data input means 110, the demand forecasting system 900 for predicting the power demand, and the power generation command planning means 6 for planning the power generation of each power generation unit so as to satisfy the power demand value.
00, input / display means 700 for displaying operation data, demand forecast results, power generation command plan values, etc., and accepting input from an operator to function as a man-machine interface; Data transmission means 800 for transmitting to the power generation unit.

First, the function of the state diagnosis means 400 will be described. The state diagnosis means 400, like the diagnosis means 6 in the power plant 3, compares the operation data or the result calculated based on the operation data with the upper limit value and the lower limit value determined for each data to determine the state. If the operation data or the calculation result using the operation data is out of the range between the upper limit value and the lower limit value, it is determined that the state is abnormal. Note that the function of the state diagnosis unit 400 described below does not necessarily need to be in the operation command center 1 but may be in the power plant 3. Further, the diagnostic means 6 may have an equivalent function.

Although the upper and lower limit values of the diagnostic means 6 in the power plant 3 are set as conventional alarm levels, the state diagnostic means 4
In the case of 00, a detailed diagnosis is performed for a device which is likely to cause a breakage of the device or a serious accident if the response to the abnormality is delayed, and an abnormality sign is detected as early as possible. For example, rotating equipment such as a water supply pump and a turbine is equipment that rotates at a high speed, so that when a part of the equipment is damaged, secondary damage is large. For these rotating devices, the frequency of the vibration data is analyzed by Fourier transform, the maximum frequency, the minimum frequency, and the average frequency characteristic amount within a certain time are calculated, and each is compared with preset upper and lower limit values. In addition, the temporal change of the frequency and the amplitude is evaluated by the vibration data analysis by the wavelet transform. In this embodiment, the frequency analysis and the wavelet transform are used, but the data analysis method and the diagnosis method are not limited to these.

Further, the vibration data and the analysis result at the time of abnormality which occurred in the past and the inspection result and the repair result at that time are stored in the maintenance data storage means 3 of the maintenance data management means 300.
20 and has a function of estimating the abnormal part, the cause of the abnormality, and the degree of the abnormality, when the state is judged to be abnormal by the state diagnosis means 400, in comparison with past cases. The vibration data and the frequency analysis result at the time of abnormality are input from the state diagnosis means 400 to the maintenance data storage means 320, and the inspection result and the repair result at that time are input from the maintenance data input means 310.

Further, even when the condition diagnosis means 400 does not determine that the condition is abnormal, the analysis results (such as the maximum frequency, the minimum frequency, and the average frequency within a certain period of time for the pump) are periodically updated from the initial state of the target device. Management means 30
It is sent to 0 and stored. FIG. 4 shows the change over time of the average frequency data of the pump. FIG. 4 compares the values when the pump load is 90%. This pump was introduced in May 1982,
The tendency of the average frequency value to increase from around the year is remarkable, and the variation width of the data is also increasing. The state diagnosis means 400 reads the past data from the maintenance data management means 300, compares the deviation between the average value Fo at the time of introduction and the current average value Fn, and, when the deviation exceeds a predetermined value, shows the result in FIG. Along with the graph, a message for the operator to proceed with the inspection and repair is presented to the operator. By observing this, the operator can detect the sign before it is determined to be abnormal, so that the safety is increased and the timing of inspection and repair can be appropriately planned.

When estimating the abnormal part, the cause of the abnormality, and the degree of the abnormality from the past cases, it is desirable to refer to the case of the same device, but since the abnormal state does not occur so frequently, the case May be too few.
Therefore, when the number of cases is small, other than the same equipment, other than the unit in which the abnormality occurred or another power plant, such as the case of the same model, the case of the same manufacturer with a different capacity but the same manufacturer, or the same operating principle The state of the device is diagnosed with reference to the above case. The diagnosis result is input / displayed by means 7
00 and presented to the operator. The operator examines the condition diagnosis result of the device and examines a countermeasure against the abnormality.
If it is determined that normal operation is not possible, an operation command is issued, for example, to reduce the output to 50% or to stop the power generation unit. The operation command signal 710 is stored in the maintenance data storage unit 320,
It is also input to the power generation amount command planning means 600. On the other hand, it is sent from the transmission means 800 to the control device of the target power generation unit via the network 2. The control device controls the power generation unit according to the received operation command signal.

At the same time, the operator issues a command for investigating abnormal equipment to the maintenance personnel. The maintenance staff goes to the site, investigates the status of the equipment, and reports the situation to the operator using a mobile phone. Also, the maintenance staff inputs the survey result from the site to the portable terminal computer.
The input to the terminal is a voice input method so that the input operation can be performed quickly. The portable terminal computer can wirelessly transmit information input to the control device of the power generation unit. Upon receiving the input information of the survey result, the control device transmits the information to the maintenance data storage unit 320 of the operation command center 1 via the network 2 and the data reception unit 210, and stores the information. In addition, the result of the investigation is input to the maintenance data storage unit 320, and is sent to the input / display unit 700 to be notified to the operator. The survey results of the maintenance staff include abnormal sounds and odors that are difficult to automatically measure by the sensor, the state of breakage of the equipment, and the like, all of which are stored in the maintenance data storage unit 320 as examples. Inspection results from maintenance personnel are stored in the maintenance data storage unit 320
At the time of input, the state diagnosis means 400 searches for similar cases including new investigation results such as abnormal noise and odor, sends the search results to the input / display means 700, and presents them to the operator.

The operator reports from the maintenance staff (conversation on the mobile phone and the result of the investigation input to the mobile terminal) and the state diagnosis means 4
A future driving policy is determined with reference to the search results of similar cases starting from 00. As a result of the examination, for example,
%, But when it is concluded that it is better to stop, the fact is input from the input / display means 700 and the corresponding unit of the power plant 3 is transmitted via the transmitting means 800 and the network 2. To the control device. At the same time, the input operation command is also input to the maintenance data storage unit 320. The maintenance data management means 300 informs the power generation amount command planning means 600 that the operation of the corresponding unit has been stopped. In addition, the operator must formulate a repair plan to restore the abnormal equipment or abnormal power generation unit.
At this time, the maintenance data management unit 300 searches the maintenance data storage unit 320 for a similar abnormality case, and presents the details of the abnormality at that time and the time until recovery to the operator. For a more accurate value of the time to recovery, the equipment status must be investigated in more detail, but at this point, the maintenance staff can enter the maintenance time input method based on the precedent search results. Input from 310. The time to recovery is
In other words, it indicates the time during which the operation of the power generation unit is impossible or the output is limited. This estimated time is sent to the power generation amount command planning means 600 and is considered when planning. Thereafter, a detailed investigation of the device status is performed, and if a more accurate estimated time is estimated, the value of the estimated time is updated as needed.

Next, the function of the operating characteristic calculating means 500 will be described. The operation characteristic calculation means 500 calculates the current operation characteristic from the operation data. The operating characteristics refer to the relationship between the generator output, the fuel consumption, the amount of exhaust gas, and the concentration of a specific component (for example, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfide oxide, dust, etc.) in the amount of exhaust gas. In addition, information on the type of fuel being used and the current fuel purchase price is also input, and the relationship between the fuel consumption and the fuel consumption cost is obtained by multiplying the fuel consumption by the fuel purchase price. The operating characteristics are calculated by a statistical method, and the relationship with the generator output is represented by an approximate expression. In this embodiment, a method of approximating the output of the generator by a quadratic equation is used in the least square method. However, the present invention is not limited to this method, and the operating characteristics may be calculated by another method. Particularly, in the case of a thermal power plant using coal as a fuel, when the type of coal changes, the fuel composition changes, so that the calorific value changes and the relationship between the generator output and the fuel consumption changes. In addition, since the amount of components in the exhaust gas changes according to the change in the fuel composition, it is important to know what kind of coal is currently being used. In addition, these operating characteristics change due to aging of the power generation unit, and also change due to inspection, cleaning, replacement of equipment, and the like.

The calculated operating characteristics are held in operating characteristic storage means (not shown) for a certain period. The operation characteristics calculated by the operation characteristic calculation means 500 are automatically taken into the power generation amount command planning means 600. Therefore, the power generation command planning means 600 can always make an efficient power generation command plan reflecting the latest operation characteristics. The state diagnosis means 400 calls performance characteristic data from the operation characteristic storage means and monitors the change tendency.
If the fuel consumption suddenly increases without any change in the fuel type or equipment failure, etc., the heat transfer performance is degraded for some reason. Send a message to the operator. In addition, since the heat exchanger comes into contact with the combustion gas, soot and dust adhere to the heat transfer surface, and the heat transfer performance gradually decreases due to corrosion of the inner and outer surfaces of the heat transfer tube. If it is monitored, it is possible to determine the time for cleaning the heat transfer surface.

Next, the maintenance data management means 300 will be described. The maintenance data management means 300 has a maintenance data input means 310 and a maintenance data storage means 320. Data related to maintenance is stored in the maintenance data storage unit 320. When the storage capacity becomes full, old data is stored in the optical disk in order from the oldest data and the data corresponding to the data is deleted. Input of data related to maintenance is performed by the data receiving means 210,
There is a case where the information is input from the display unit 700 and the state diagnosis unit 400 and a case where the information is input from the maintenance data input unit 310 for maintenance personnel.

The data input from the data receiving means 210 includes alarm information transmitted from the power generation unit. The alarm occurrence time and the data value for the alarm are stored for each power generation unit. If the control device enters the protection operation due to the interlock when an alarm is generated, a limit value of the output or information indicating that the operation has been stopped is input. Further, information relating to the state of the device, which is input by the mobile terminal from the site at the time of inspection, investigation, and the like by the maintenance staff, is also input. The data input from the input / display unit 700 includes data input by an operator. That is, an operation command for limiting or stopping the output at the discretion of the operator is input. From the state diagnosis means 400, operation data and its calculation result (frequency analysis result in the case of a pump, etc.) are periodically input. Maintenance data input means 3
From 10, the maintenance staff inputs details of the equipment state at the time of inspection and repair, the cause of the abnormality, the presence or absence of component replacement, the time from component ordering to delivery and completion of the replacement work, and the estimated time to recovery in the event of an abnormality. In addition, a future inspection plan and a repair plan are also input, and if a restriction is required for operation, the time and the details of the restriction are also input.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the inspection / repair plan input screen. Enter the plan period in the displayed schedule table. The planning period can be entered with the mouse, or the date can be entered numerically from the keyboard. In the inspection or repair plan, an output limit value for the work is input in addition to the schedule (schedule). By clicking the detailed plan button at the bottom of the screen, it is possible to input a detailed plan concerning the work start time, end time schedule and work contents. The information on the inspection / repair plan is maintained by maintenance personnel as needed. The inspection and repair plan can be referred to by the operator from the input / display means 700.

Of the data stored in the maintenance data storage means 320, the output limit value due to the operation command, the expected recovery time in the event of an abnormality, the output limit associated with inspection and repair, and the period thereof are automatically set to the power generation command plan. It is adapted to be incorporated into the means 600. Therefore, the power generation command planning means 600 determines whether or not normal operation is possible for each power generation unit.
In addition, since it is always possible to know when the output limit period will be from when to when, and it is possible to formulate a power generation command plan from the conditions under which actual operation is possible, so that an efficient plan that matches the actual operation Planning is possible.

Next, the power generation amount command planning means 600 will be described. The power demand prediction value P is received from the demand prediction system 900, and the power generation command of each power generation unit is planned so as to satisfy the power demand prediction value P and minimize the fuel consumption cost. .

The power generation command is determined as follows. As described above, keep approximated by the generator number i generator output L _i and the relationship between the fuel consumption F _i (Equation 1) to the quadratic equation, as shown in under operating characteristic computing means 500. Operating characteristic calculation means 5
In the case of 00, since the relational expression is updated using the latest data at regular intervals, the relational expression always conforms to the current characteristic (performance). As shown in (Equation 2), the fuel consumption amount indicates the purchase price S _{i of the} fuel used in the power generation unit.
Is the fuel cost F _si .

[0042]

F _i = a _i × L _i2 + b _i × L _i + c _i (Equation 1)

[0043]

[ _Formula 2] F _si = F _i × S _i (Formula 2)

[0044]

L _{i, min} <L _i <L _{i, max} (3) where a _i , b _i , and c _i are coefficients representing the characteristics of the generator with the generator number i. L _{i, min} and L _{i, max} are the minimum value (minimum load) and the maximum value of the power generation amount, respectively.
Read from 00. The design data is previously input to the design value storage means 100 from the data input means 110.
If there is an output limitation due to equipment abnormality, inspection, or repair,
The latest output limit value is always input from the maintenance data storage unit 320.

Let P be the predicted value of power demand (load) and P 'be the loss associated with power transmission, etc.

[0046]

ΣL _i = P + P ′ (Equation 4) Therefore, it satisfies the conditions (Equation 4) to determine the total fuel consumption cost with undetermined multiplier method Lagrange to minimize generator output L _i (Equation 2).

That is,

[0048]

J = ΣF _si −λ (ΣL _i −P−P ′) (Equation 5)

[0049]

数 J / ∂L _i = 0 (Equation 6)

[0050]

L _i is determined so as to satisfy ∂J / Ｌλ = 0 (Formula 7). This is a power generation amount command for each generator.

When the power generation unit is in an inoperable state, the power generation unit may be excluded from the candidates of the power generation unit to be planned from the beginning, or (Expression 8) may be replaced by (Expression 1) or (Expression 2). Penalty Q to be relatively large
Is added, the power generation command to the power generation unit can be set to zero as a result.

[0052]

F _si = F _i × S _i + Q (Equation 8) In addition, the power generation unit suffers an energy loss due to starting and stopping. Therefore, it is better to reduce the number of start and stop as much as possible. In order to take this into account, for example, as in (Equation 8), by adding a penalty associated with starting / stopping, it is possible to formulate a plan that minimizes starting / stopping as a result.

In this embodiment, the power generation amount is determined so that the fuel consumption amount is minimized. However, the objective function may be the fuel cost, the CO ₂ concentration in the exhaust gas, or the like. Other than that, they may be combined. Further, the method of calculating the power generation amount command value is not limited to the above method.

As described above, according to the present invention, efficient operation can always be performed according to the latest performance characteristics and the state of the power generation unit.

Next, a power generation plan providing service which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.

The difference from the above-described embodiment is that the operation command station 1
The operation and maintenance support company, which is different from the power generation company that owns the power plant, has the function of receiving the operation data of the power generation unit and the operation amount command data of the control device from the power generation company. The point is to perform maintenance of the power generation unit, management of maintenance data, provision of a maintenance plan and provision of maintenance information, monitoring of the operation state of each power generation unit, drafting of a power generation amount command, provision of a command value, and the like to the power generation company.

This embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The power generation company owns the power plant 3 and the operation control center 1. The operation and maintenance support company has a domestic center 1A, a US center 1B, and a European center 1C. Although FIG. 6 shows only one power plant 3, it is assumed that there are actually a plurality of power plants. All the functions of the operation command center 1 described in the above embodiment are provided in the domestic center 1A, the US center 1B, and the European center 1C of the operation and maintenance support company. In FIG. 6, FIG.
The configuration owned by the operation command center 1 shown in FIG.
The operation / maintenance support company 1A includes the input / display means 700 and the power generation amount command planning means 60 in the configuration of the operation command center 1 in FIG.
0, the data receiving means 210, and the transmitting means 800 only, but other components of the operation command center 1 are also provided. Input / display means 700, power generation amount command planning means 600, data receiving means 210, transmitting means 800 shown in FIG.
The other components are the components newly added in the present embodiment. The components added in the present embodiment are the operation and maintenance support company's domestic center 1A, US center 1B, and European center 1B.
C at least in one place, and in the present embodiment, it is assumed that it is provided in the domestic center 1A.

In this embodiment, the operation / maintenance support company carries out monitoring, operation and maintenance of each power plant 3 owned by the power generation company. The operation control center 1 is an operation and maintenance support company 1
A, 1B, and 1C can receive the power generation command or the operation command transmitted to each power plant 3, and can transmit the power generation command or the operation command to each power plant 3. Further, the power generation amount command or the operation command transmitted from the operation and maintenance support company 1A, 1B, 1C to each power plant 3 may be modified and transmitted to each power plant 3. The power generation command or operation command transmitted from the operation command station 1
The priority is given to the command transmitted by the maintenance support companies 1A, 1B, 1C, and the control device of each power generation unit is also programmed to control the equipment by giving priority to the command from the operation command center 1. . Therefore, normally, each power generation unit is basically monitored and operated by the operation and maintenance support companies 1A, 1B, and 1C, and the operation command center 1 checks the operation status and, if necessary, plans the power generation amount and the operation. The command may be changed, and the workload of the operator at the operation command center 1 can be greatly reduced. Therefore, the operator of the operation center 1 can respond with a small number of people,
Accompanying this, the equipment of computers can be greatly reduced.

The operation / maintenance support company 1A also manages the maintenance and repair of the power generation unit as described in the above embodiment. However, inspection work or repair work or parts replacement,
Items that are incurred due to such costs as equipment replacement are submitted to the power generation company at the stage of drafting the plan, and the power generation company's judgment is obtained. The power generation company checks the plan for inspection, repair, parts replacement, etc., corrects the plan if necessary, and returns it to the operation and maintenance support company 1A. The submission or return of the plan is sent or received via the network 2.
After the power generation company approves the plan, orders work, parts or equipment.

The operation / maintenance support company 1A has a maintenance data management means 300 (see FIG. 1, not shown in FIG. 6), and a model and a model are provided for each of the parts and devices provided by the plurality of device manufacturers 13a, 13b, 13c. Product specifications, prices, delivery dates, working hours for parts replacement, new product information, etc. are stored in a database.
When replacing parts or purchasing equipment, it is possible to make a quick and accurate maintenance plan by referring to this information. The information registered in this database is
The information registered and managed by 3a, 13b and 13c is downloaded using a communication line such as the Internet. Equipment manufacturers always keep their information up to date and allow operation and maintenance support companies to download that information.

The maintenance data management means 300 of the operation / maintenance support company periodically checks whether or not the registered contents of the device maker have been updated, and automatically downloads the latest information when the registered contents are changed. It is supposed to. By doing so, the operation and maintenance support company can quickly and accurately grasp the information depending on the manufacturer, and can make a plan efficiently. On the other hand, by providing the product information, the device maker has an advantage that an opportunity of receiving an order from an operation and maintenance support company increases. In addition, the maintenance data management means 300 of the operation and maintenance support company constructs a database relating to inspection work or repair work in cooperation with the maintenance company and uses the database in the same manner as the above, similarly to the product information database of the equipment manufacturer. You can also.

This embodiment has the following features that are not included in the above-described embodiments.

The operation and maintenance support company domestic center 1A is located in Japan, the US center 1B is located in the United States (Los Angeles), and the European center 1C is located in France. Each of the centers 1A, 1B, and 1C can communicate with the power station 3 via the Internet, and the US (Los Angeles) and the European center 1C can monitor and operate the power station 3 in the same manner as the domestic center 1A. Can be transmitted.

Each center has a geographical time difference,
For example, when Japan is at 8 am, France is about 0 am
In the United States (Los Angeles), it will be about 15:00 the day before. That is, there is a time difference of about 8 to 9 hours in each place. 8 am Japan time
From 17:00 to 17:00, the domestic center 1A monitors the power plant 3,
During operation, from 16:00 to 1:00 am Japan time, the European Center 1C monitors and operates. From 24:00 to 9:00 Japan time, the United States Center 1B monitors and operates in Japan while changing the time. Monitoring and operation of the power plant.

In recent years, there has been a tendency to centrally monitor a plurality of units of a power plant from a single operation room, or to operate unattended at night and call an operator only when an abnormality is needed, thereby saving labor. Is desired. According to the above method, the center that performs monitoring and operation is always in the time zone from morning to evening, and the power plant 3 can be monitored for 24 hours without having to perform night shift work by using a three-shift system as in the past. The burden on staff is reduced. In addition, since the operating condition is monitored by the operator even at night, safety is improved. However, in the event of an abnormality, maintenance personnel will be dispatched to the site at the discretion of the operator regardless of day or night. In addition, power plants in France and the United States can be monitored and operated while the domestic center 1A, the European center 1C, and the US center 1B take turns.

When communicating via the Internet, a sufficient security system is required to prevent leakage of information to the outside and rewriting of data from the outside.

Next, another feature not provided in the above-described embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG.
The maintenance support company domestic center 1A has a control device management means 12 and a control device group 11 in addition to the configuration of the operation command center 1 of the above-described embodiment.
It has. The control device group 11 includes a plurality of control devices 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d of different manufacturers and models.
There is. In FIG. 6, the number is four, but the number is not limited. Further, there may be several control devices of the same type.
These control devices are of the same type as the control devices used in the power plant 3. If the control device of the power generation unit in the power plant 3 fails, the same type of control device in the control device group 11 controls the corresponding power generation unit instead. That is, the control device group 11 is provided to perform a backup operation when the control device fails.

Normally, the control device group 11 is not required, but its soundness needs to be constantly evaluated. For example, it is assumed that the control device 11a and the control device 5a of the power generation unit 4a are the same type of control device. Using the network 2, data necessary for control calculation of the operation data of the power generation unit 4a, a control signal (operation amount command value) calculated by the control device 5a, and parameter values of the control device 5a are transmitted. Control device 5a
Are, for example, set values such as a proportional constant of a proportional controller and values corresponding to initial values of an integral controller.
The control device management means 12 receives the data from the receiving means 21
0, and sets the parameter value of the control device 5a in the control device 11a. And the power generation unit 4a
Is input to the control device 11a, and the control device 11a
a calculates the manipulated variable command value. The calculation result is returned to the control device management means 12. The calculation result is stored in the controller management unit 12.
Then, the operation amount command value calculated by the control device 11a is compared with the received control signal (operation amount command value) of the control device 5a to confirm that they are the same. If the control device 11a
If there is a difference between the calculated manipulated variable command value and the received control signal (control amount command value) of the control device 5a, the cause is investigated and the result is made the same. The above soundness evaluation is periodically performed at a predetermined cycle. Other control device 1
The same applies to 1b, 11c and 11d.

If the control device 5a fails, the control device switching means 10 immediately outputs the current parameter values of the control device 5a, the operation data of the power generation unit 4a, and the control device 5a.
And the status flag value (= 1, 0 when normal) indicating a failure are transmitted to the domestic center 1A of the operation and maintenance support company. When the status flag value is 1, the control device management means 12 searches the control device group 11 for a control device of the same type as the corresponding control device from the control device identification number. In the present embodiment, the control device 11a is searched. Then, the received parameter values of the control device 5a are set in the control device 11a, and the operation data of the power generation unit 4a is transmitted to the control device 11a.
To calculate the manipulated variable command value and control device management means 1
Send to 2. If the status flag value indicates a failure, the control device management means 12 transmits the operation result of the manipulated variable command value to the transmission means 800
To the control device switching means 10 via When the status flag is 1, the control device switching means 10 switches the operation amount command value sent to the power generation unit 4a from the operation amount command value of the control device 5a to the operation amount command value of the control device 11a received. Thereafter, the operation data of the power generation unit 4a is sent to the control device 11a, and the power generation unit 4a is controlled by the operation amount command value calculated by the control device 11a.

The status flag value and the identification number are sent to the maintenance data management means 300 and the input / display means 700 to be notified to the maintenance staff and the operator. Since the maintenance person knows from the status flag value and the identification number that the control device 5a has failed, the maintenance staff investigates the status of the control device 5a and repairs the failed part. When the repair is completed, the manipulated variable command value calculated by the control device 5a in the control device switching means 10 is the same as the manipulated variable command value calculated by the control device 11a in the same manner as the soundness evaluation of the control device group 11. Make sure that In a state where the power generation unit 4a has been confirmed,
Is switched from the manipulated variable command value calculated by the control device 11a to the manipulated variable command value calculated by the control device 5a, and returned to the normal state. After that, the status flag is set to 0
To

When the status flag becomes 0, the control device management means 12 stops sending the manipulated variable command value calculated by the control device 11a to the transmission means 800. In addition, an operation stop command is issued to the control device 11a, and a standby state is set. After that, the system periodically performs the soundness evaluation as usual and waits.

As described above, even if the control unit of the power generation unit fails, control can be promptly performed by switching to the control unit group 11, so that there is no need to stop the power generation unit due to the failure of the control unit, and stable efficiency is obtained. Good driving can be maintained. In addition, since it is not necessary to arrange two control units for each power generation unit in case of a failure of the control unit, equipment costs can be reduced. On the other hand, even if there are multiple control units owned by the power generation company of the same manufacturer and of the same type, it is unlikely that all control units of the same type will fail at the same time. The number of prepared control devices of the same type may be smaller than the number of control devices of the same type owned by the power generation company. Therefore,
The equipment introduction cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the power generation company prepares two control devices for each power generation unit.

There are two types of power generation units: those that operate continuously except during inspection, and those that repeatedly start and stop every day or about once a week. Recent control devices are usually automatically driven and require little human intervention.
Starting and stopping can be basically performed by automatic control. However, since starting and stopping are different from normal operation, the next operation is performed based on a confirmation operation by a human in consideration of safety. In some cases, it is designed to do so. Further, since some power generation units include an old type including a control device, there are few facilities that can be started and stopped completely unattended. Therefore, the power generation company has to arrange a person for starting / stopping even a power generation unit which can normally be automatically operated by an unmanned person. In the present embodiment, the start / stop of the power generation unit is also performed under the supervision of the operator of the operation / maintenance support company. Dispatch skilled personnel. Therefore, the power generation company does not need to secure personnel for starting and stopping, so that management efficiency is improved.

Next, a power generation plan providing service according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the operation and maintenance support company 1A includes a model adjustment unit 20, a plant dynamic characteristic model group 21, and a control performance evaluation unit 22 in addition to the functions and configurations described in the above embodiment. The plant dynamic characteristic model group is a model that simulates the dynamic characteristics of the power generation unit of the power plant 3, and includes a plurality of models 21a, 21b, 21c, and 21d depending on the type of the power generation unit.
have. In the present embodiment, the models 21a, 21b,
Reference numerals 21c and 21d denote so-called physical models in which plant characteristics are simulated by physical expressions. Although the number of models is four in the present embodiment, any number of models may be used, and models for all power generation units may not necessarily be provided. For example, assuming that a model simulating the power generation unit 4a is a model 21a, the model 21a is a model created such that when an operation command value calculated by the control device 5a is input, a behavior close to an actual power generation unit 4a is calculated.

As described in the above embodiment, the control device group 11 periodically evaluates the soundness. In that case,
An actual control signal (operation amount command value) of the control device 5a and operation data of the power generation unit 4a are received. At that time, each data is also input to the model adjusting means 20. The model adjusting means 20 adjusts the calculation result of each model so as to match the operation data of the corresponding actual power generation unit. For example, a heat exchanger will be described as a device constituting the power generation unit. A heat exchanger for thermal power generation is a device for heating steam with high-temperature combustion gas generated when fuel is burned. The model describes the characteristics of the heat exchanger based on the energy conservation equation (Equation 9), (Equation 10)
Is simulated.

[0076]

(Equation 9)

[0077]

(Equation 10)

Here, V is volume [m ³ ], γ is specific weight [k
g / m ³ ], H is enthalpy [J / kg], F is flow rate [kg
/ S], A is the heat transfer area [m ² ], α is the heat transfer coefficient [J /
(M ² · s · K)], θ is temperature [° C], M is weight [k
g] and C are specific heats [J / (kg · K)]. The subscript s is steam, m is heat transfer tube (metal), in is the inlet position,
o represents each exit position. α _ms is the heat transfer coefficient from the heat transfer tube to the steam, A _ms is the heat transfer area from the heat transfer tube to the steam, α _gm
Represents a heat transfer coefficient from the combustion gas to the heat transfer tube, and A _gm represents a heat transfer area from the heat transfer tube to steam.

Since the heat transfer coefficients α _gm and α _ms cannot be directly measured, the adjustment coefficient k is calculated as shown in (Equation 11) and (Equation 12).
_gm, is incorporated in the form obtained by multiplying the reference value alpha _{gm 0} and alpha _ms0 the k _ms.

[0080]

Α _gm = k _gm + α _gm0 ( _Equation 11)

[0081]

Equation 12] _{α ms = k ms + α ms0} ... ( Equation 12) In the model adjustment means 20, so that the error between such an adjustment value of the adjustment factor to the model calculations and actual operating data becomes as small as possible Has been adjusted. The detailed method of the adjustment is described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-214112, and will not be described here. Note that the models 21a, 2
1b, 21c, and 21d need not necessarily be physical models as long as they can simulate the behavior of the power generation unit by inputting the operation amount command value from the control device. Also, the model adjusting means 20
Is not limited to the above method as long as it acts to reduce the error between the calculated value of the model and the actual operation data.

The model adjusting means 20 controls the model 21
Since a, 21b, 21c, and 21d are periodically adjusted to match the characteristics of the actual power generation unit, even if the characteristics of the power generation unit change due to aging or the like, the accuracy of the model can be maintained in a high state.

The use of the model group 21 will be described.
When the manufacturer 13a or 13b or 13c develops a new control method, it transmits the control program to the operation and maintenance support company via the communication network 2. The control device management means 12 replaces the received control program with a program mounted on a control device (for example, the control device 11a) of a type designated by the manufacturer. Then, using a new control program provided by the manufacturer, a simulation is performed on the model 21a simulating the power generation unit 4a. The simulation conditions are set to the same conditions as those recently experienced so that they can be compared with actual operation data. The control performance evaluation means 22 compares the calculation result of the control performance based on the actual operation data with the calculation result of the control performance based on the simulation result using the new control program.

For example, when calculating the control performance of the steam temperature, the deviation amount of the steam temperature from the target value is calculated within a certain time range. As an evaluation method, the maximum value and the minimum value of the deviation amount are obtained and compared. While the deviation amount was in the range of -12 ° C to + 8 ° C in the actual operation data, according to the simulation result by the new control program, if the steam temperature deviation was -6 ° C to + 4 ° C, It can be expected that the control performance will be improved by the new control program. The evaluation result of the control performance is sent to the input / display means 700 and can be viewed by the operator. Further, the evaluation result can be transmitted to a necessary department in the power generation company via the network 2.

The operation and maintenance support company examines the effect of purchasing a new control program based on the control performance evaluation result.
Submit the results to the power generation company. The power generation company determines whether to purchase a new control program developed by the manufacturer based on the results of the control performance evaluation and the results of the examination by the operation and maintenance support company. Since the simulation can be always performed with high accuracy by the model adjusting means 20, the accuracy of the simulation can always be maintained high. In addition, when the power generation company considers the purchase of the control program, it can present a quantitative evaluation result by simulation, so that the power generation company can easily make an appropriate decision.

When the power generation company decides to purchase, it is necessary to replace the control program mounted on the control device 5a with a new program, and the control device 5a cannot be used during the replacement work. Therefore, the power generation unit 4a is controlled using the control device 11a of the operation and maintenance support company domestic center 1A in the same procedure as when the control device 5a described in the above-described embodiment fails, and in that state, the control device 5a is controlled. Replace the program. When the replacement work is completed,
The control is switched to the control from the control device 5a in the same procedure as when the repair of the control device 5a is completed. By the above operation, the programs can be exchanged without stopping the power generation unit accompanying the exchange of the control programs. The replacement of the control program can be performed by communication from the manufacturer via the network 2. At that time, a sufficient security system is required so that the program cannot be rewritten from the outside.

In the above-described embodiment of the power generation plan providing service, the operation / maintenance support company provides the power generation company with operation / monitoring / maintenance / management of the power generation unit, backup control when the control device fails, and development by the manufacturer. The operation and maintenance support company shall receive a reward from the power generation company for services such as the evaluation of the control program and the proxy control when the control program is replaced. The operation and maintenance support company may be a device maker.

[0088]

According to the present invention, the number of times of changing the power generation plan after the planning can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a system for realizing a power generation amount planning method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an operation data display screen.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a display data table for each type of alarm.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of aging of pump analysis data.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of an inspection / repair plan input screen.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a system for realizing a power generation plan providing service according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a system for realizing a power generation plan providing service according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... operation command center, 2 ... communication network, 3 ... power plant,
4a, 4b, 4c ... power generation units, 5a, 5b, 5c ...
Control device, 6 diagnostic means, 100 design value storage means, 1
10 data input means, 200 operating data storage means,
210 ... data receiving means, 300 ... maintenance data management means, 310 ... maintenance data input means, 320 ... maintenance data storage means, 400 ... state diagnosis means, 500 ... operation characteristic calculation means, 600 ... power generation amount command planning means, 700 ... input·
Display means, 800: data transmission means, 900: demand forecasting system.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Toru Kimura Within the Information Control System Division, Hitachi, Ltd. 5-2-1 Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture (72) Inventor Hiroki Murofushi Hiroyuki Murata, Ibaraki Prefecture 3-1-1, Hitachi, Ltd., Thermal and Hydro Power Division (72) Inventor Satoshi Kusaka 3-1-1, Sakaimachi, Hitachi, Ibaraki Prefecture, Hitachi, Ltd. Thermal and Hydro Power Division (72) Invention Person Kiji Hayashi 7-2-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture F-term in the Electric Power & Electric Development Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. 5G066 AA03 AA05 AE01 AE03 AE07 AE09

Claims (6)

[Claims] An operation characteristic of each power generation facility is calculated based on operation data of a plurality of power generation facilities. A power generation planning method, which comprises generating a power generation plan for a power generation facility. 2. The power generation planning method according to claim 1, wherein a power generation plan that satisfies the power demand predicted by the demand prediction system and minimizes the fuel consumption cost is prepared. . 3. The operating characteristic according to claim 1, wherein the operating characteristics are a fuel consumption amount with respect to a generator output, an exhaust gas amount, and a value of a specific component concentration in the exhaust gas amount. Power generation planning method. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said maintenance data is provided by a maintenance person using a portable terminal computer. 5. An operation characteristic of each power generation facility is calculated based on operation data of a plurality of power generation facilities owned by the power generation company, and at least one of the calculated operation characteristic and maintenance data indicating an inspection / maintenance state of each power generation facility. A power generation plan providing service, wherein a power generation plan for each power generation facility is drafted based on the power generation plan, the generated power generation plan is provided to the power generation company, and a fee for receiving the power generation plan is received. 6. The power generation plan providing service according to claim 5, wherein a maintenance plan is provided in addition to the power generation plan.