JP2002263634A - Supercritical water manufacturing apparatus and supercritical water organic matter treatment facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a supercritical water manufacturing apparatus which makes energy conservation possible and supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment using this supercritical water manufacturing apparatus. SOLUTION: This supercritical water manufacturing apparatus 3 manufactures the supercritical water g by pressurizing and heating raw water a up to the pressure and temperature conditions exceeding the critical point by means of a boosting device 6 and a temperature raising device 7. While the boosting device 6 is mainly composed of riser piping 8 for assuring the hydrostatic head for pressurizing the raw water g up to the pressure state necessary for the supercritical water g by the hydrostatic head. The temperature raising device 7 is mainly composed of a solar light/heat collector 9 which heats the raw water a by solar heat d up to the temperature state necessary for the supercritical water g or its preliminary temperature state.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing supercritical water, which saves energy by utilizing solar energy and natural energy obtained from the hydrostatic head of raw water itself, and a supercritical water organic matter treatment using the apparatus. Equipment related.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, the mainstream of the treatment of organic substances such as organic waste is an incineration method in which organic substances are burned in an incinerator or a heat recovery furnace to incinerate. In this incineration system, burning organic matter generates harmful substances such as dioxins and nitrogen oxides.
Toxic substances cause environmental pollution. For this reason,
An important issue is to develop a method for treating organic substances that can minimize the generation of harmful substances.

[0003] In recent years, a supercritical water oxidation method for decomposing organic substances using supercritical water under supercritical conditions at a pressure of 22 MPa or more and a temperature of 374 ° C or more has attracted attention.

[0004] Supercritical water has the property of decomposing organic substances into water, carbon dioxide and inorganic salts. When supercritical water decomposes organic substances, it almost approaches complete decomposition. This is because the polarization characteristics of supercritical water change under supercritical conditions, and it becomes possible to dissolve organic substances that are difficult to dissolve under normal pressure. And in supercritical water, air,
When an oxidizing agent such as oxygen or aqueous hydrogen peroxide coexists, these are also uniformly dispersed and the oxidative heat (combustion) of the organic matter proceeds, so that the decomposition reaction proceeds without additional input of combustion energy. And can promote the oxidation reaction of organic substances. For this reason, supercritical water is made of Freon or PC
It is considered that it can be applied to decompose hardly decomposable harmful substances such as B (polychlorobiphenyl) to suppress generation of harmful substances.

[0005]

However, although the above-mentioned supercritical water oxidation method has an advantage that the generation of harmful substances can be reduced, it is necessary to pressurize and heat water when producing supercritical water. Enormous energy is required.

In practice, critical conditions (22 MPa, 374 ° C.)
When producing supercritical water that exceeds pressure, the water is pressurized using a booster such as a pump, and the temperature is raised using a heater such as an electric heater. Had been consumed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is mainly directed to a supercritical water producing apparatus which uses natural energy to save energy and a supercritical water producing apparatus using this supercritical water producing apparatus. It is an object to provide a critical water organic matter treatment facility.

[0008]

In order to solve the above-mentioned object, the present inventor has conducted various studies and found that the energy for boosting is secured by the hydrostatic head of the raw water of the supercritical water itself. Further, the present inventors have found that by using solar energy as energy for raising the temperature, it is possible to achieve energy saving during the production of supercritical water, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to a supercritical water producing apparatus for producing supercritical water by pressurizing and heating raw water to a pressure / temperature condition exceeding a critical point by a pressure increasing device and a temperature increasing device. The riser is mainly composed of a start-up pipe for securing the hydrostatic head to pressurize the raw water to the pressure required for supercritical water by the hydrostatic head, while the temperature raising device uses solar heat to convert the raw water to the temperature state required for supercritical water or its preliminary state. Characterized in that it mainly comprises a solar light collecting and collecting device for heating to a target temperature state.

[0010] In the above supercritical water producing apparatus, the pressurizing device is characterized by including a pipe for securing a hydrostatic head for pressurizing the raw water located at a lower portion using the potential energy of the raw water located at a high place.

In the above supercritical water producing apparatus, the pressurizing device injects a fluid having a higher specific gravity than the raw water from a high place, and pressurizes the raw water located in a low place by the potential energy of the injected fluid itself. Piping to ensure
This pipe for securing a hydrostatic head has a movable separator having a structure that transmits pressure without mixing raw water and a fluid for securing a hydrostatic head having a higher specific gravity than the raw water at an arbitrary position at the height thereof. And

Further, in the above supercritical water producing apparatus,
The pipe for securing the hydrostatic head has a separator at an arbitrary position at the height thereof, a fluid having a specific gravity higher than that of the raw water is injected above the separator, and the raw water is separated below the separator. Is injected.

[0013] In the above supercritical water producing apparatus, a weight or a press is provided above the separator.

In the present invention, instead of injecting a fluid having a higher specific gravity than raw water, for example, an iron weight or the like, or
A screw-type press or a hydraulic-type press may be provided above the separator.

[0015] In the supercritical water production apparatus according to the above aspect, the temperature raising device is a solar heat collecting and heating type temperature raising device that collects sunlight and heats water by coagulated light. An auxiliary temperature raising device is provided at a subsequent stage of the thermal type temperature raising device and raises the temperature of subcritical water by heat exchange or power supply to make supercritical water exceeding critical conditions.

Further, in the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment for decomposing organic matter using the supercritical water producing apparatus of the above embodiment, an injection means for injecting raw water and organic matter, and a supercritical water production apparatus connected to the injection means. Equipment, an organic matter decomposition treatment vessel that is provided at the subsequent stage of the supercritical water production apparatus and decomposes organic matter with supercritical water, and a discharge device that is connected to the organic matter decomposition treatment vessel and discharges treated water generated by the decomposition treatment And characterized in that:

In the above-mentioned supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment, when the injection means is provided at the subsequent stage of the pressure increasing device of the supercritical water producing device, the injection means is provided upstream or downstream of the separator installed in the pipe for securing the hydrostatic head of the pressure increasing device. An on-off valve is provided on the.

By installing an on-off valve as in the present invention, the on-off valve is opened and closed when pressure fluctuations occur in the downstream piping due to the discharge or injection of fluid on the downstream side, whereby the separator is opened and closed. The pressure difference fluctuation acting on the pressure can be reduced.

In the above-mentioned supercritical water organic matter treatment facility, an oxidizing agent is added to the organic matter decomposition treatment to accelerate the decomposition reaction.

In the above supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment, heat exchange between the treated water generated by the decomposition treatment and the raw water is performed,
A heat exchanger for heating raw water is provided.

The treated water generated by the decomposition treatment of organic substances has a high temperature of 300 ° C. or more. In the present invention, heat exchange between the treated water and the raw water is performed to heat the raw water, thereby effectively utilizing the heat energy of the treated water and improving the thermal efficiency.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A supercritical water production apparatus and a supercritical water organic matter treatment facility according to the present invention will be described below with reference to first and second embodiments.

First Embodiment (FIGS. 1 and 2) In this embodiment, there are two structures of a supercritical water organic matter treatment facility for decomposing organic matter using supercritical water produced by a supercritical water producing apparatus. An example will be described.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an overall configuration of a first configuration example of a supercritical water organic matter treatment facility.

As shown in FIG. 1, the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 1 of the present embodiment basically includes an injection means 2 for injecting raw water and organic matter, a supercritical water production apparatus 3, and a supercritical water An organic matter decomposition treatment container 4 for decomposition treatment with water,
And a discharge device 5 for discharging the treated water generated by the decomposition treatment.

The supercritical water producing apparatus 3 comprises a pressure increasing device 6 and a temperature increasing device 7. The pressure increasing device 6 has, for example, a start-up pipe 8 for securing a hydrostatic head installed vertically to the ground. The injection means 2 is provided at the upper end of the rising pipe 8 for securing the hydrostatic head.
Is provided.

The rising pipe 8 for the hydrostatic head needs to have a height of at least 2200 m in order to secure a pressure of 22 MPa or more, which is a critical condition of water. Minutes 22
The height is set to 00m or more. The start-up pipe 8 can be realized, for example, by using a mountain at a high altitude or using a deep underground excavation hole. The thickness of the rising pipe 8 for securing the still water head increases from the upper end to the lower end of the rising pipe 8 for securing the still water head in order to secure the water pressure resistance of the lower end side. It is desirable to form it as follows.

The heating device 7 includes a solar heat collecting and heating type heating device 9 provided at a stage subsequent to the rising pipe 8 for securing a hydrostatic head.
And an auxiliary heating device 10. The solar condensing heat collecting type heating device 9 is composed of a heat collecting tube 11 connected to a stage subsequent to the rising pipe 8 for securing a hydrostatic head, and a concave reflecting mirror 12 arranged to face the heat collecting tube 11. Have been. An organic matter decomposition treatment container 4 is connected to the heat collection tube 11, and an auxiliary temperature raising device 10 is built in the organic matter decomposition treatment container 4. A discharge device 5 is provided at a stage subsequent to the organic matter decomposition treatment container 4.

In the supercritical water organic matter treatment facility 1 having such a configuration, the raw water a and the organic matter b are introduced from the injection means 2 into the still water head start-up pipe 8 at normal pressure, and the raw water a and the organic matter b are introduced into the rising head pipe 8. Drops naturally in the startup pipe 8,
Raw water a
Is supplied to the heat collecting tube 11 as a supply water c whose pressure is increased to 22 MPa or more.

On the other hand, sunlight d is condensed by the reflecting mirror 12, and the condensed light heats the water supply c in the heat collecting tube 11 to produce high-temperature high-pressure water. In the case of subcritical water whose heating temperature in the heat collecting tube 11 is lower than 374 ° C., the temperature is raised by the auxiliary temperature raising device 10 to obtain supercritical water g. The supercritical water g dissolves the organic substance b. Then, when an oxidizing agent, for example, hydrogen peroxide solution is supplied into the organic substance decomposition processing container 4 from an oxide supply device (not shown), the oxidative decomposition processing of the organic substance b is accelerated. The treated water h generated after the oxidative decomposition treatment of the organic substance b is discharged by the discharge device 5.

According to the present embodiment, the rising pressure of the raw water is applied by using the rising pipe for securing the hydrostatic head as the pressure increasing device, so that the energy required as the driving force of the pump or the like required for raising the pressure of the raw water required conventionally. There is no need to supply. In addition, since solar energy is used as energy to raise the temperature of raw water, it is possible to create supercritical water mainly by using natural energy. it can.

Since the solar energy has a large difference between the weather, day, night and season, by providing the auxiliary heating device shown in the present embodiment, constant thermal energy is supplied to stabilize the supply of supercritical water. And the efficiency of decomposition treatment of organic substances can be improved.

Next, a second configuration example of the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment will be described. FIG. 2 is a system diagram showing the overall configuration of the supercritical water organic matter treatment facility.

As shown in FIG. 2, the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 13 of this embodiment is almost the same as the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 1 shown in FIG. Injecting means 2 for injecting, supercritical water producing device 3,
It has an organic matter decomposition treatment container 4 for decomposing organic matter b with supercritical water, and a discharge device 5 for discharging treated water h generated by the decomposition treatment. Here, the difference from the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 1 shown in FIG. 1 is that the injection means 2 is composed of raw water injection means 14 for injecting raw water and organic substance injection means 15. , 15 are provided independently. That is, raw water injection means 1
4 is connected to the upper end side of a rising pipe 8 for securing a hydrostatic head, which is installed vertically, for example, on the ground, and the organic substance injection means 15 collects from the lower end side of the rising pipe 8 for securing a still water head. It is directly connected to the heater 11 and pressurizes and injects organic matter.

When the organic substance is injected under pressure by the organic substance injection means 15, the organic substance is injected together with the raw water so that the organic substance injection means 15 can also serve as the raw water injection means 14.

By using the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 13 having such a configuration, the starting pipe 8 is formed by using, for example, a mountain at a high altitude, and the organic matter b is provided at an installation position of a factory or the like. It can be injected from the organic substance injection means 15. With such a configuration, it is not necessary to transport the organic matter b to a high place, and thus the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 1
3 can further improve the operability.

Second Embodiment (FIG. 3) This embodiment has a structure in which a fluid having a higher specific gravity than raw water is used to reduce the height of a pipe for securing a hydrostatic head. FIG. 3 shows the system configuration. The description of the same or corresponding components as in FIG. 1 is omitted, and the same reference numerals as in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 16 of this embodiment basically includes an injection means 2 for injecting raw water a and organic matter b, a supercritical water production apparatus 3, and an organic matter b. And a discharge device 5 for discharging the treated water h generated by the decomposition treatment. Here, the difference from the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 1 shown in FIG. 1 is that the injection means 2 is directly connected to the heat collector 11 from the lower end side of a rising pipe 8 for securing a hydrostatic head installed vertically to the ground. It is connected so that the raw water a and the organic substance b are injected under pressure.

The rising pipe 8 for the hydrostatic head is vertically partitioned by a separator 17, and a fluid having a specific gravity higher than that of water, for example, mercury i, is contained in the upper portion 8a.
Further, only the heated and pressurized raw water a is sealed in the portion 8b below the separator 17 of the riser pipe 8 for the hydrostatic head and the organic matter decomposition treatment vessel 4 connected thereto. Further, an on-off valve (not shown) is provided below the separator 17.

The separator 17 is provided with a stainless steel separator 19 as an example that can move up and down or move in the rising pipe 8 for the hydrostatic head up and down, and the separator 19 is a bellows that blocks the inside of the pipe 8 up and down. And the pressure is transmitted between the mercury i and the raw water a by bending or movement. Since the mercury i having a large specific gravity is injected into the pipe 8 as described above, the height of the pipe 8 can be reduced as compared with the case where only the raw water is introduced into the pipe 8. In this figure, the height of the pipe 8 is set to be high enough to transmit the pressure required for the supercritical water to the separator 19.

In the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment 16 having such a configuration, an on-off valve (not shown) is normally opened, and the pressure of the mercury i stored in the upper portion 8a of the separator 19 is transmitted to the separator. The raw water a contained in the lower portion 8b of the pressure chamber 19 is pressurized to a pressure of 22 MPa or more by pressure transmission of mercury i. The pressurized raw water “a” is heated in the heat collecting tube 11, and is heated from the subcritical water to the supercritical water and, if necessary, by the auxiliary temperature raising device 10, to become the supercritical water “g”. Then, the organic substance b is decomposed in the organic substance decomposition processing container 4 by the supercritical water g.

In the present embodiment, mercury, which is a fluid having a specific gravity higher than that of raw water, is injected into the riser pipe for the hydrostatic head, and the height of the riser pipe for securing the hydrostatic head for increasing the pressure to 22 MPa or more is set. Can be lower. Further, instead of injecting a fluid having a specific gravity larger than that of the raw water, for example, an iron weight or the like, a screw-type press, or a hydraulic-type press device may be provided above the separator.

In this embodiment, mercury is used as an example of a fluid having a higher specific gravity than water contained in the upper portion 8a of the riser pipe 8 for a hydrostatic head. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A high concentration of salt water, a high-density fluid compound having high fluidity, or the like can be used.

In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment using the supercritical water production apparatus is described. However, the supercritical water production apparatus may be used as a single apparatus. . According to such a supercritical water producing apparatus, since the pressure increasing device and the temperature increasing device are mainly supplied by natural energy, it is possible to achieve energy saving.

Further, although not shown in the first and second embodiments, heat exchange between the treated water generated by the decomposition treatment and the raw water is performed, and the heat exchanger for heating the raw water is treated with the supercritical water organic matter treatment. It may be installed in equipment. Thereby, the thermal efficiency can be improved by effectively utilizing the thermal energy possessed by the treated water.

[0046]

As described above, according to the critical water production apparatus and the supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment of the present invention, supercritical water can be produced mainly by utilizing natural energy. Energy saving can be achieved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a first embodiment of the present invention, and is a system diagram showing an entire configuration of a supercritical water producing apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention, which is a modified example of FIG. 1, and is a system diagram showing an overall configuration of a supercritical water producing apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining a second embodiment of the present invention, and is a system diagram showing an entire configuration of a supercritical water producing apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Supercritical water treatment equipment 2 Injection means 3 Supercritical water production equipment 4 Organic matter decomposition treatment vessel 5 Discharge device 6 Pressure booster 7 Heating device 8 Start-up pipe for securing a hydrostatic head 9 Solar condensing heat collecting type heating device 10 Auxiliary heating device 11 Heat collector 12 Reflector 13 Supercritical water treatment equipment 14 Raw water injection means 15 Organic substance injection means 16 Supercritical water organic substance treatment equipment 17 Separator 19 Separator a Raw water b Organic substance c Water supply d Sunlight g Supercritical Water h Treated water i Mercury

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A supercritical water producing apparatus for producing supercritical water by pressurizing and heating raw water to a pressure / temperature condition exceeding a critical point by a pressure increasing device and a temperature increasing device, wherein the pressure increasing device is controlled by a hydrostatic head. Mainly comprising a riser pipe for securing a hydrostatic head for pressurizing raw water to a pressure state required for supercritical water, while the heating device is configured to heat raw water by solar heat to a temperature state required for supercritical water or its preliminary temperature. A supercritical water producing apparatus mainly comprising a solar light collecting and collecting apparatus for heating to a state. 2. The supercritical water producing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressure increasing device includes a pipe for securing a hydrostatic head for increasing the pressure of the raw water located at a lower portion by using the potential energy of the raw water located at a high place. An apparatus for producing supercritical water, characterized in that: 3. The supercritical water producing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressurizing device is a pipe that secures a hydrostatic head by using potential energy of raw water and a fluid having a higher specific gravity than the raw water from a high place. Hydrostatic head securing pipe is characterized by having a movable separator having a structure that transmits pressure without mixing raw water and fluid having a higher specific gravity than raw water at any position at its height. Supercritical water production equipment. 4. The supercritical water production apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pipe for securing a hydrostatic head has a separator at an arbitrary position at a height thereof, and a separator is provided above the separator above the raw water. A supercritical water producing apparatus, wherein a fluid having a large specific gravity is injected, and raw water is injected below the separator. 5. The apparatus for producing supercritical water according to claim 4, wherein a weight or a press device is provided above the separator. 6. A supercritical water production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heating device condenses sunlight and heats the water supply by coagulated light. Auxiliary heating that is provided at the subsequent stage of the heating system and the solar condensing and heating system, and heats subcritical water by heat exchange or power supply to make supercritical water exceeding critical conditions An apparatus for producing supercritical water, comprising: 7. In a supercritical water organic matter treatment facility for decomposing organic matter using the supercritical water production apparatus according to claim 1, an injection means for injecting raw water and organic matter, and an injection means. A supercritical water production device connected to the means, an organic substance decomposition treatment container provided at the subsequent stage of the supercritical water production device for decomposing organic substances with supercritical water, and an organic substance decomposition treatment container connected to the organic substance decomposition treatment container and generated by the decomposition treatment And a discharge device for discharging the treated water. 8. The supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment according to claim 7, wherein the injection means is provided in a stage preceding the pressure increasing device of the supercritical water production apparatus. 9. The supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment according to claim 7, wherein the injection means is provided at a subsequent stage of a pressure increasing device of the supercritical water production apparatus. . 10. The supercritical water organic matter treatment facility according to claim 9, wherein an on-off valve is provided upstream or downstream of a separator installed in a pipe for securing a hydrostatic head of the pressure increasing device. Water organic matter treatment equipment. 11. The supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment according to claim 7, wherein an oxidizing agent is added to the decomposition treatment of the organic matter to accelerate the decomposition reaction. 12. The supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment according to claim 7, further comprising a heat exchanger for performing heat exchange between the treated water generated by the decomposition treatment and the raw water and heating the raw water. Supercritical water organic matter treatment equipment.