JP2002251618A - Image map, device and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce an image map by deleting a predetermined region from a polygon region produced on the basis of a photographic image photographed from the sky, and matching a deleted part with a peripheral region. SOLUTION: Information of the photographic image photographed from the sky and height information of a photographing area are acquired. A changing region resulting from a time difference is extracted from first and second polygon regions which photographed image regions are respectively polygonized on the basis of first and second photographic image information acquired with the time difference, and the predetermined region relating to the changing region is specified. It is determined that the predetermined region expresses a moving body on the ground on the basis of a change in a height data value relative to the changing region, or that the predetermined region expresses a shadow on the ground on the basis of a change in a RGB color data value in the image region relative to the changing region. The predetermined region corresponding the moving body or the shadow is deleted from the polygon region, and image data matching with the peripheral region is complementarily processed to produce the image map.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an image map, an apparatus and method for creating the same, and more particularly, to performing a complementary process for matching a predetermined area with a peripheral area based on a photographic image taken from the sky. To create a desired image map.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the undulation of land in a certain area, the urban area,
Maps have been created to show the geographical status of fields, buildings, roads, railways, and the like. In addition, aerial photographs in which these geographical conditions are photographed from above in an airplane or the like are also used. Maps are broadly classified into general maps and thematic maps according to the purpose of use and the contents expressed.

[0003] The general drawing is to be used for multiple purposes.
It is a map that expresses the above geographical condition without bias to specific contents, and includes a 1 / 25,000 topographic map, a 1 / 50,000 topographic map, etc. issued by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. What is a theme map?
It is a map created by selecting a specific subject based on the general map and making its regional characteristics easy to understand. This is also a 1 / 25,000 land use map issued by the Geographical Survey Institute,
There is a 1 / 25,000 land condition map. In addition, nautical charts, road maps, house maps, and the like created for navigational purposes are also included in the theme maps.

In general, to create a map from an aerial photograph, an operation called aerial photogrammetry is performed to create a spatial model of the photographed area. Then, in order to make the information indicating the geographical situation obtained from this space model and the aerial photograph easier to see, the undulations of the land are represented by contour lines, and the land use forms such as urban areas, fields, buildings, etc. are plotted with symbol marks, and roads are displayed. , Railways, and other geographical conditions,
It is created by copying exactly as a diagram.

[0005]

However, the step of accurately mapping the information indicating the geographical situation as a diagram is performed by using a translucent machine, a plotter or the like. This work will vary depending on the scale of the map, but it can be up to 30cm / wk
This is a time-consuming task that can only be drawn on all sides. In addition, after creating the map, another person performs a check against the aerial photograph.

[0006] The map is plotted according to the intended use and purpose, and is devised so that the situation can be recognized at a glance. For example, in a road map, differences between expressways, national roads, prefectural roads, and the like can be recognized at a glance by symbol marks, color coding, and the like. However, creating maps required enormous amounts of work and required considerable manpower and time to complete. Therefore, if it takes time to create a map, it will change due to the actual construction of buildings, bridges, etc., roads, railways, etc., and the contents of the completed map will differ from the current geographical situation .

As described above, a huge amount of work and time are required to create a map. Also, in the field of digital maps, aerial photographs that are the basis of maps are often used as background images instead of maps. The aerial photograph faithfully reflects the geographical situation at the time of photographing, and can be easily distinguished from the surrounding situation by the shape, color, and the like of the building, and the feature can be easily recognized. This is particularly noticeable at a scale similar to a house map.

[0008] However, unnecessary information such as people, automobiles, street trees, and shadows of buildings, etc., is captured as it is at the time of photographing and cumbersomely. For this reason, for example, even when it is desired to know only the road, the road is hidden by the obstacle, making it difficult to determine the width of the road and whether or not the roads are connected. As described above, the skill of drawing the required map information accurately from the aerial photograph required skill.

Further, since everything existing on the ground surface is photographed, there is no space for writing a landmark or a route to a destination like a map, for example. Even if it can be written, it will be overwritten and very hard to see. The present invention provides an image map that can easily create a predetermined image map based on a photographic image taken from the sky and that can select and display map information necessary for the use as a theme map according to the purpose of use. The purpose is to do.

[0010]

In order to solve the above problems, in an image map according to the present invention, a predetermined area of a polygon area created based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky is deleted. The area is created by performing a complementary process that matches the surrounding area. The predetermined area is a shadow or a moving object.

In the image map according to the present invention, a predetermined area of a polygon area generated based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky is subjected to highlight display processing. The highlighting process is a process of filling the area or adding symbols and graphics. If the area is a road, the area is painted. If the area represents vegetation, the area is painted. Or, add symbols and figures.

Further, the photographic image information has been subjected to orthographic projection processing. According to the present invention, there is provided an image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky, wherein the image area projected on the photographic image is polygonized to form a polygon area. Means for emphasizing a predetermined area of the polygon area. Then, when the predetermined area is highlighted, it is performed based on height information of the predetermined area, and the emphasizing means performs a filling process or adding a symbol / graphic to the predetermined area. I made it.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided an image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky, wherein the image area shown in the photographic image is polygonized to create a polygon area. Polygonalizing means, a deleting means for deleting a predetermined area from the polygon area, and a complementing means for complementing the deleted predetermined area with image data matching a peripheral area of the predetermined area. Was.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided an image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on first and second photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky with a time difference therebetween, the first and second photographs being provided. For each of the images, the first and second images are converted into polygons, respectively.
Polygonalizing means for creating a polygonal area, and comparing the first and second polygonal areas to extract a changeable area due to a time difference, and either one of the first and second polygonal areas relates to the changeable area Control means for specifying a predetermined area; deletion means for deleting the predetermined area specified from the one polygon area; and for the deleted predetermined area, image data matching the peripheral area of the predetermined area. And complementing means for performing complementing processing.

Still further, according to the present invention, in an image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on photographic image information of a predetermined area taken from the sky and height information of the predetermined area, the image map is displayed on the photographic image. Polygonalizing means for generating a polygonal area by converting the image area into polygons, control means for identifying a predetermined area from the polygonal areas based on the height information, and the polygonalizing means identified from the polygonal areas. The image processing apparatus further includes a deletion unit that deletes a predetermined region, and a complementing unit that complements image data that matches the peripheral region of the predetermined region with respect to the deleted predetermined region.

The photographic image information includes first and second photographic images photographed at a time difference with respect to the predetermined area, and the polygonalizing means includes first and second photographic images.
Based on the photographic image of the above, image areas projected on each are polygonized to create first and second polygon areas,
The control unit compares the first and second polygon areas to extract a change area due to a time difference, and sets a polygon area related to the change area as the predetermined area.

The control means determines that the predetermined area represents a moving object on the ground based on a change in the height information related to the change area, or determines whether the image area corresponds to the change area. It is determined that the predetermined area represents a shadow on the ground based on the change in the RGB color data values of the above. According to the present invention, there is provided a method for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky, comprising the steps of: creating a polygon area by converting an image area projected on the photographic image into a polygon; Performing a highlighting process on a predetermined area of the image. Then, when the predetermined area is highlighted, it is performed based on the height information of the predetermined area, and the predetermined area is subjected to a filling process or a symbol / graphic assignment.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky, comprising the steps of creating a polygon area by converting an image area projected on the photographic image into a polygon. A step of deleting a predetermined area from the polygon area, and a step of supplementing the deleted predetermined area with image data matching a peripheral area of the predetermined area.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method for creating an image map based on first and second photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky at a time difference, wherein each of the first and second photographic images is provided. For each of the steps, a step of creating first and second polygonal areas by respectively polygonizing the images projected respectively, and comparing the first and second polygonal areas to extract a change area due to a time difference, A step of specifying a predetermined area relating to the change area in any one of the second polygon areas; a step of deleting the predetermined area specified from the one polygon area; and a step of deleting the predetermined area And supplementing image data that matches the peripheral area of the predetermined area.

In the method for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky and height information of the predetermined area according to the present invention, the image area projected on the photographic image is Creating a polygonal area by converting it to a polygon; identifying a predetermined area from the polygonal area based on the height information; and deleting the identified area from the polygonal area. And complementing image data matching the peripheral area of the predetermined area with respect to the deleted predetermined area.

The photographic image information includes first and second photographic images photographed with a time difference in the predetermined area, and based on the first and second photographic images,
First and second polygon areas are created by polygonizing the image areas projected on each of them, and the first and second polygon areas are compared to extract a change area due to a time difference, and a polygon area related to the change area is extracted. Is the predetermined area.

Further, based on the change in the height information related to the change area, it is determined that the predetermined area represents a moving object on the ground, or the RGB color of the image area related to the change area is determined. Based on the change in the data value, it is determined that the predetermined area represents a shadow on the ground.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment relating to the creation of an image map according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, based on a photographic image taken from the sky,
A desired image map can be easily created by complementing a predetermined area of the feature area so as to match a peripheral area of the predetermined area, and a map necessary for the use can be created as a theme map according to the purpose of use. An image map that can select and display information can be provided.

FIG. 1 shows the outline of the image map creation system including the creation and use of the image map. The example of the image map creation system shown in FIG. 1 includes an image data acquisition device 1, an image map creation device 2, a road exclusive property management device 3,
It is composed of a green space management device 4. The image data acquisition device 1 acquires a photographic image necessary for creating an image map, and includes a measurement unit 11 and a digital recording unit 12.

The measuring means 11 has a function of photographing a feature from the sky and a function of measuring the elevation of the feature in the photographing range together with the photographing position. For the photographing function, for example, a multi-band camera that can capture an image of a subject in four spectral bands of red (R), green (G), blue (B), and near-infrared, or a multi-spectral camera Sensors can be used. For the altitude measurement function, a laser scanner that emits a pulse laser from the sky and obtains the altitude of a reflected object from the reflected wave can be used.

The measuring means 11 is mounted on an aircraft or the like, and performs photographing and altitude measurement of a feature from above. The flight altitude of an aircraft or the like is appropriately selected according to the degree of detail of the image map, the performance of the measuring means 11, and the like. In some cases, it may be mounted on a satellite orbiting the earth. Further, the measuring means 11 includes a GP
A function to detect position information at the time of shooting and measurement by S is provided.

The digital recording means 12 comprises a measuring means 11
The image data of the photograph taken in is digitized and recorded in association with the positional information at the time of photographing. further,
As for the measured altitude data, the altitude of the object whose altitude is measured is recorded in association with the ground surface position information from the position information at the time of measurement. The digital recording means 12 may be mounted on an aircraft or the like together with the measuring means 11 and record the image data and the elevation data from the measuring means 11, or may be installed at, for example, a ground base and transmitted from the measuring means 11. May be received and recorded.

The digital recording means 12 supplies the recorded data to the image map creating device 2. This supply form may be a recording medium storing each data, or
May be online. Next, based on the image data acquired by the image data acquisition device 1, the image map creation device 2 complements a predetermined region of the projected image region so as to match a peripheral region of the predetermined region,
Alternatively, a desired image map is created by performing highlighting. The device 2 is a basic part of the present embodiment, and details thereof will be described later.

The image map created by the image map creation device 2 is supplied to the road exclusive property management device 3 or the green space management device 4 depending on the application. The road exclusive property management device 3 manages, for example, water and sewage, gas pipes, telephone lines, power lines, and the like, and the management device 3 includes a layout drawing creating unit 31, a display unit 32, An operation unit 33 is provided. The layout map creating unit 31 associates the image map supplied from the image map creating device 2 and displayed on the display unit 32 with the graphic information related to the road exclusive property, and creates a road exclusive property layout map.

In the green space management device 4, for example, a vegetation map is created in order to manage green spaces. The management device 4 includes a vegetation map creation unit 41, a display unit 42, and an operation unit 43. I have. The vegetation map creation unit 41 includes the image map creation device 2
The vegetation map is created by associating, for example, the vegetation distribution information relating to the green space with the image map supplied from and displayed on the display unit 42.

Although FIG. 1 shows that the image map created by the image map creating device 2 is used by the road exclusive property management device 3 or the green space management device 4, these are merely examples, Use of maps is not limited to these. For example, in the image map creation device 2, by selecting conditions for specifying necessary or unnecessary map information according to the purpose of use of the theme map to be created, a desired image map from which necessary information is extracted can be created. It can also be used for house management, facility management, river and lake management, railroad line management, etc.

A specific configuration of the image map creating apparatus 2 in the above-described image map creating system will be described. FIG. 2 shows a block configuration of the image map creation device 2. The image map creation device 2 includes a control unit 201 having a storage unit 202, an input unit 203, an orthographic projection unit 204, a polygonization unit 205, a display unit 206, and an operation unit 20.
7. Deletion means 208, emphasis means 209, complement means 21
0, and output means 211.

The input means 203 takes in image data for creating an image map by the image map creating device 2 and height data obtained from altitude data. here,
The altitude refers to the height from the average sea level, but in the measuring means 11, the height information of the measured object is acquired as the altitude data from the convenience of handling the measured values. In creating an image map, the height information may be handled as altitude data, but it may be easier to understand, for example, if the height information is handled as a height from the ground surface. In short, where the reference is set is how easy it is to handle the creation of the subject image map, in order to avoid the complexity of notation, the description will be made below as height data.

When each of the image and height data is stored in a recording medium, a reading unit is provided for reading the data from the recording medium. When each data is transmitted on-line, it is provided with an input interface unit. The control means 201 controls each means in accordance with an instruction input from the operation means 207, and
The image and height information based on each data taken in from 03 are stored in the storage unit 202 or each stored data is read out and supplied to each means for image map creation processing.
Further, the storage unit 202 can also store image processing information processed by each unit.

The orthographic projection means 204 corrects a positional shift of a photographic image caused by a specific height of land or a feature on a photographing screen. The resulting image is obtained. here,
In order to perform orthographic projection correctly, it is necessary to know the specific height of the land and the feature in the shooting screen. However, if the elevation of the feature can be acquired by the measuring means 11, this can be used as it is. . Alternatively, if the same area has been surveyed in the past, if there is specific height information that can be used separately, this may be used.

The image data orthographically projected by the orthographic projection means 204 is stored in the storage section 202. The polygonizing unit 205, the deleting unit 208, the enhancing unit 209, and the complementing unit 210 delete a predetermined region of the terrestrial region based on the captured photographic image, and delete the deleted predetermined region with its peripheral region. A process of creating a desired image map is performed by complementing or highlighting to match. This processing will be described in detail below.

The output means 211 provides the created image map information to the road exclusive property management device 3 or the green space management device 4 online. Alternatively, the information may be stored in a recording medium, and the recording medium may be provided to these management devices. Further, the created image map information may be printed out. The output unit 211 may have an information communication function via the Internet, and may access the image map creating apparatus 2 from the outside to acquire a desired image map.

Next, a process for creating a desired image map will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 3 and the display examples of images shown in FIGS. Here, in order to manage the road exclusive property in a certain area, it is possible to delete the unnecessary image information from the photographic image in the area, delete the unnecessary image information, and superimpose the graphic information related to the road exclusive property. In this example, an image map is created.

In this case, the necessary image information includes a road-exclusive property such as a road in which the water pipe is buried, a building in which the water pipe is drawn in, if the facility status management of the water pipe is performed. The site is included. Unnecessary image information includes shadows from tall features such as buildings and trees,
There are moving objects such as people and cars, and features that are not related to the management of the road's own property.

Normally, the photographing of the ground surface from the sky is performed when there is solar radiation, so that shadows exist, and these shadows complicate the image map. In addition, since people and vehicles are photographed on the road, the situation of burying water pipes on the road is complicated and difficult to see when written on an image map.
The same applies to the parked vehicle shown in the parking lot. When the management of the road exclusive property, for example, the management of the water pipe, is performed by the road exclusive property management device 3 as shown in FIG. 1, the image map creating device 2 clarifies the situation of the road, the building, the site, and the like. A specialized image map needs to be created.

FIG. 3 shows a case where the measuring means 11 has a multispectral sensor and a laser scanner. The four-band image data obtained by the multi-spectral sensor of the measuring unit 11 is digitized and recorded by the digital recording unit 12, and is stored in the storage unit 202. Here, in order to create an image map in which the conditions of roads, buildings, sites and the like are clearly specialized, the image data R
GB color data is acquired (step S1). Based on the acquired RGB color data, the boundary of the image area shown in the image is extracted, and polygons of the area are created by the polygonizing means 205.

The image X1 of the polygonized area X
4 is shown in FIG. In the image X1, orthographic projection processing is performed by the orthographic projection means 204. In the figure, an area A is a building, and areas B1 to B7 are a plant, a field,
Trees, forests, and the like, areas C1 and C2 represent running or parked vehicles, and areas D1 to D4 represent utility poles installed at roadsides, respectively. Furthermore, the region a _1, the building area A, area b4 ₁ is tree region B4, and, regions d1 ₁ to d4 _1, a region D1 to D
4 represent the shadows of the utility poles, respectively. However, here, for the sake of explanation, what is the feature for each area is specified. However, in the image X1 of FIG. 4, as it is when the area X is photographed from the sky, it appears. At this stage, it is not possible to specify what each area is.

At the same time as acquiring the image data of the image X1, height data obtained from the altitude data corresponding to the area X measured by the laser scanner of the measuring means 11 is also acquired (step S2). This displayed image X1
It is not possible to determine which area is necessary and which area is unnecessary simply by looking at the polygonized areas in. Therefore, information unnecessary for specifying a road, a building, a site, or the like is a moving object such as a shadow or a vehicle. And images taken at different times in the same shooting area X, it is possible to determine which of the regions in the image X1 is a moving object such as a shadow or a vehicle.

The control means 201 obtains the RGB color data photographed at different times with respect to the area X (step S1), and the polygon forming means 205 performs the polygon processing for each of the projected areas similarly to the image X1. Create This different time may be close to the time of acquisition of image X1,
Further, it may be a long period such as a seasonal unit, and the length of the period is appropriately determined according to the purpose of use of the image map. What is necessary is that changes necessary for removing unnecessary information included in the image X1 appear.

Similarly to the image X1, the image X2 of the polygonized area X is shown in FIG. In the image X2 of FIG. 5, the same reference numerals are given to the same regions as those appearing in the image X1 of FIG. In the image X2, the shadow of the building in the area A is changed to the area a
_2, the shadow of a tree in the region B, and region b4 _2, further represents the shadow d1 ₂ to d4 ₂ utility pole regions D1 to D4. The areas C3 to C7 represent vehicles.

Similarly to the image X1, the image data of the image X2 is obtained, and at the same time, the height data obtained from the altitude data corresponding to the area X measured by the laser scanner of the measuring means 11 is also obtained (step S2). ). Here, the control unit 201 compares the image X1 with the image X2, determines how the area in the image X1 has changed due to the time difference, and extracts a change in a time unit in the area of the image X1 ( Step S3). An image X3 showing the result of the extraction is shown in FIG.

In the image X3, the changed areas in which the area of the image X1 changes in units of time are represented by bold lines a _x , b4 _x ,
d1 _x to d4 _x, and it expressed in C1 _y and C2 _y. By comparing the image X1 and the image X2, an area that does not include a change area even after a time difference can be regarded as corresponding to a feature that is fixedly present on the ground surface. Can be considered to correspond to a shadow or a moving object.

Here, if a desired subject map can be obtained by simply removing a region including a region that has temporally changed, it is only necessary to delete the region including the changed region. For example, in the image X1, the change area a shown in the image X3
By deleting the areas a1 and b4 ₁ including _x and b4 _x , or deleting the change areas d1 _{x to} d4 _x and C1 _y and C2 _y , the area B4 of the tree and the area D of the utility pole
Although 1 to D4 are left out, an image map close to the image X4 in FIG. 7 can be created.

It is also determined whether the area including the change area is, for example, a shadow, a moving body such as a vehicle, and whether road construction is being performed, or whether a building has been constructed or demolished. Sometimes you want to. In such a case, step S
The height data acquired in step 2 is used for the determination. Therefore, it is determined whether or not the height data relating to the change area has changed between the image X1 and the image X2 (Step S).
4). If the height data has changed, the image X
The region appearing in 1 can be determined to be a moving object, and if it has not changed, the region appearing in the image X1 can be determined to be highly likely to be a shadow.

The control means 201 reads, from the height data stored in the storage section 202, height data corresponding to the changed areas in the images X1 and X2, and for each changed area, reads the height data. Compare. For example,
As for the change area a _x, and there is no change in the height data here. This is a result of comparing the height data relating to the change area in step S4, per if there is no change in the height data (N), in this case, the RGB color data of the change area a _x, image X
It is determined whether or not 1 and image X2 have changed (step S5).

However, in step S5, there may be a case where the RGB color data relating to the changed area does not change (N). However, this is determined as being polygonized due to an error occurring for some reason. In this case,
The change area is deleted by the deletion unit 208, and the image X1 is deleted.
The processing is performed assuming that there is no change in the area including the change area in (step S7).

Regarding the change area a _x , the area in the image X2 should indicate the RGB color data value of the site where the building in the area A is built, so that there is a change in the RGB color data value. (Y), since there is no change in the height data, area a ₁ of the image X1 including changing area a _x is likely to be shadow. But, for example,
In the case where road construction was performed when the image X1 was acquired, but was completed when the image X2 was acquired, the construction area is not polygonized in the image X2.
A change may occur in the RGB color data values related to the change area. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that the change is only in the RGB color data value as a shadow.

Therefore, the RGB color related to the change area is used.
Judge whether the characteristic change is only strong or weak (Step
Step S6). If it corresponds to shadow, RGB color characteristics
The change should appear only in the strength at. The change area
When there is a change only in the strength of the RGB color characteristics related to the area
(Y), the area is determined to correspond to a shadow,
Area a including change area₁Is deleted by the deletion means 208.
One of the RGB color data is deleted, and
Complement by using the brighter RGB color data
(Step S8). Thereby, the shadow in the image X1
Corresponding area a ₁Has been removed and no shadows
It is.

[0054] Further, the changing area b4 _x, d1 _x to d4 _x also, similarly to the change area a _x, it can be determined that a shadow photographed at the time of acquisition of the image X1, it is corrected to shadow the absence . At this time, the change regions d1 _{x to} d4 _x are the regions D1
To D4, these are judged to be telephone poles and are not related to water pipe management.
1 to D4 are deleted, and the RGB related to the road that is the peripheral area
Insert and complement color data. Further, if necessary, a symbol indicating the presence of a telephone pole may be inserted in the complementary portion.

On the other hand, in step S6, if the change in the RGB color characteristics is not only the intensity (N),
It can be determined that the site is due to another factor, for example, road construction. Since the location of the road construction site is a feature not related to the management of the road-proprietary property, the deletion means 208 deletes the RGB color data relating to the change area. Then, the complementing unit 210 inserts and complements the RGB color data values of the surrounding area in the area from which the data has been deleted (step S9).

In this way, it is possible to identify whether each area is a shadow or whether it is due to road construction or the like from the changes in the elevation data and the RGB color data for each of the changed areas. Thereby, an unnecessary area can be deleted from the area corresponding to the feature appearing in the image X1, and
The trace can be aligned with the surrounding area.

Next, processing of the moving object in the image X1 will be described. In step S4, the control unit 201
Reads the height data of each change area shown in FIG. 6 from the storage unit 202 for the image X1 and the image X2, and compares them to determine whether there is a change.
Here, if the region appearing in the image X1 is caused by a moving object, when the height data values of the region appearing in the image X2 are compared with each other, at least the height data value relating to each of the extracted change regions is at least It should change. Thus, each area can be set as a target of the moving object processing.

In step S4, each change area, for example,
For example, the change area C1 in the image X3 _yAnd C2_yPertaining to high
If the data value has changed (Y), the
Determine whether there is a change in the RGB color data values
(Step S10). This is a car traveling on the road
If both, or if the parked vehicle has moved
In the case of equality, the RGB traces on the ground
Error data.

If there is no change in the RGB color data values related to the changed area (N), it is an area where the projected image is incorrectly converted into a polygon for some reason, or an error occurs in the height data measurement. Since it can be determined that there is a change, the processing is performed on the assumption that the area including the change area has not changed. On the other hand, in step S10, for example, when there is a change in the RGB color data (Y) as in the change areas C1 _y and C2 _y of the image X3, the change area C1 _y
And C2 and the areas C1 and C2 of the image X1 including _y can be recognized as being caused by the moving object (step S11).

Here, it is determined whether or not the shape of the change area determined to be the moving body is a small island (step S12). For example, the change areas C1 _y and C2 _{y of} the image X3
If the image is distributed in islands on the road as shown in (Y) (Y), it can be concluded that the regions C1 and C2 of the image X1 are caused by vehicles traveling on the road. In this case, since the image area of the vehicle is unnecessary, the process proceeds to step S9, and the deleting unit 208 deletes the RGB color data relating to the areas C1 and C2. Then, by the complementing means 210,
The surrounding area, that is, the RGB color data value relating to the road is inserted and complemented into the area where the data is deleted. Thus, the vehicle can be removed from the road in the image X1.

However, depending on the shape of the change area, it may not be a moving object such as a vehicle. For example, when a building is newly constructed or demolished at the time of acquiring the image X2, the part is extracted as a change area, and the moving object is used in both the height data and the RGB color data. It will be determined as an area. However, in the management of road-exclusive items, for example, it is necessary to lay pipes for newly built buildings in the case of water pipes, and to remove pipes if they have been demolished.

In step S12, if the change area is not a small island (N), it is further determined whether the area including the change area is a necessary object or an unnecessary object. For example, in the case of a new building, a sign or a figure is added to the image X1 by the emphasizing means 209 as a necessary object, and in the case of a demolished building, the deleting means 2
08 deletes the RGB color data relating to the area. Then, the complement means 210 inserts and complements the RGB color data of the peripheral area into the deleted portion (step S13).

Here, the criterion for determining whether or not the area including the change area is necessary or unnecessary can be changed depending on the intended subject of the image map. As described above, the image X1
And areas obtained by polygonizing the image X2 were compared with each other to extract a changed area of the image X3. Then, based on the change area, a shadow, an area under construction, and a moving object, which are unnecessary areas with respect to the area in the image X1, are determined from the RGB color data and the height data. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the shadow, the area under construction, and the moving object, which are unnecessary areas, are removed from the image X1, and for example, the roads, buildings, sites, and the like necessary for managing the road exclusive property are selectively specified. Image maps could be created.

In the image map of the image X4 shown in FIG. 7, regions A, B1 to B3, and B5 to B7 are selected and left. The area A includes areas B1 to B3 and B5 to B7 in the building.
Represents some vegetation. However, for example, when managing a road-exclusive property, there is a case where it is desired to clarify a road on a map.
Site and road cannot be distinguished. Alternatively, when the contents of the image map are complicated and difficult to see, there is a case where it is desired to emphasize and display only the road.

Therefore, the operating means 207 is operated based on the image map of the image X4 in FIG.
05, an area L corresponding to the road and an area E corresponding to the site where the building A is built are generated. In the image X4, the boundary between the region E and the region L is indicated by a broken line. Here, since the area L as a road was able to be specified,
An area is designated by the operation means 207, the RGB color data relating to the area L is deleted by the deletion means 208, and the color specified by the operation means 207 is applied to the area L from which data has been deleted by using the enhancement means 209. And the corresponding RG
The B color data is applied, and in particular, the region L is displayed in an outlined state. Alternatively, the highlighting unit 209 may perform a highlighting process such as directly painting the area designated by the operation unit 207 with data representing a road.

In the same manner, a desired image map in which roads are highlighted or outlined is completed. The completed image map is supplied to the road exclusive property management device 3 by the output unit 211 of the image map creation device 2. As shown in FIG. 8, the road exclusive property management device 3 is provided with, for example, an image X5 which is graphic information representing the state of burial of a water pipe. The layout drawing creating unit 31 superimposes necessary graphic information on the supplied image map of the image X4 with reference to the position coordinates.

Then, as shown in FIG.
Second, it is possible to create and display a water pipe embedding layout on a desired image map, and to easily manage the water pipe embedding status in association with map information. As described above, necessary feature information can be selected and specified based on a photographic image taken from above, so that a desired image map suitable for the purpose of use can be easily created. In addition, since necessary graphic information can be easily superimposed on the image map, the convenience of the photographic image can be improved.

The case where RGB color data is used among image data acquired by the multi-spectral sensor has been described above. Next, an example of creating a vegetation map of the ground surface using near-infrared data included in the image data will be described with reference to a flowchart of FIG. 10 and image examples of FIGS. 11 and 12. The acquisition of the near-infrared data and the altitude data is performed in step S1 shown in FIG.
And S2. However, the creation of the image map according to the flowchart of FIG. 3 requires two photographic images acquired with a time lag, but when creating a vegetation map of the ground surface, the near infrared data and the height data are It is only necessary that one photographic image of a certain area photographed from the sky can be acquired (steps S21 and S22). These data are fetched from the image data acquisition device 1 via the input unit 203 and stored in the storage unit 202.

In the image map creating apparatus 2, the near-infrared data stored in the storage section 202 is read out, and polygonized by the polygonizing means 205 based on a preset threshold value with the intensity of the near-infrared data to determine a vegetation area. (Step S23). If the target theme of the image map is green space management, the vegetation area is managed according to the classification, for example, whether it is a mountain forest, a field, a tree in a park, a street tree, a single tree or a hedge. You may have to do it. In particular, urban green spaces require such management.

Here, a case where the height data acquired in step S2 can be used will be described. The vegetation area determined based on the near-infrared data is shown in FIG. 11 as an image X7 displayed on the display unit 206, taking the case of the image X1 in FIG. 4 as an example. In the figure, regions B2 to B7 represent vegetation. Here, the control unit 201 reads the height data of the areas B2 to B7 stored in the storage unit 202, and determines the height of the vegetation in the areas (step S24). For example, a distinction is made based on whether the height data value is 5 m or less.

If the height data value of the area is not more than 5 m (Y), the area is adopted as surface vegetation such as planting, vegetation, and field (step S25). In particular, when the region is continuous in a belt shape, it can be determined that the region is a hedge. Here, the area can be highlighted by the emphasizing means 209, and the image data relating to the area can be deleted by the deleting means 208. For example, the color data indicating the surface vegetation can be complemented by the complementing means 210. You may do it. According to the example of the image X7, the region B2,
B3, B5 and B6 can be this surface vegetation,
The color is displayed on the display means 206 in the designated color.

Next, in step S24, if the height data value of the area is not 5 m or less (N), the vegetation in the area may be a tall street tree, a single tree, or a mountain forest. Is high, it is determined based on a predetermined criterion whether or not the area is spread over a wide area in the image X7 (step S26). When it is determined that the area is spread over a wide area (Y), the area is adopted as a mountain forest (step S27). Then, similarly to the case where the vegetation is adopted as the surface vegetation, the area can be highlighted by the emphasizing unit 209, and the image data relating to the area can be deleted by the deleting unit 208, for example, complemented. The data of the color indicating the forest may be complemented by the means 210. Image X7
According to the example, the area B7 can be this mountain forest,
The color is displayed on the display means 206 in the designated color.

If it is determined in step S26 that the area is a narrow area (N), it is determined that the area is a street tree or a single tree. At this time, when the vegetation management does not require a street tree or a single tree, the deleting means 208
To remove the image data relating to the area (step S28). As a result, the street tree or the single tree is deleted from the vegetation map. In the image X7, the area B4 corresponds to this.

However, when the street tree or the single tree is deleted from the vegetation map, but the presence of the street tree or the single tree is desired to be kept, a point indicating the maximum value of the height data value related to the area is set. Is adopted as the top of the street tree or sole tree,
A symbol is attached to the vertex position (step S29). Here, it is assumed that the distance between the points is, for example, 3 m or more. However, when each point is continuous in a line, it can be a street tree, so a line of a color indicating a street tree may be inserted and complemented.

Next, in step S28, since the image data relating to the area is removed and the vegetation is deleted, it is determined whether or not the vegetation should be complemented by referring to the peripheral image of the deleted area. Yes (Step S3
0). In the example of the image X7 in FIG. 11, the area B4 corresponds to a single tree and is deleted as vegetation. But,
Since the region B4 exists in the region B3, it can be inferred that the surface vegetation in the region B3 spreads below the single tree. Therefore, the complementing means 21 is used for the removed area.
0 complements image data that matches the area B3 around the area.

In this way, the image map creating device 2 creates a desired image map related to vegetation based on the photographic image taken from the sky, and supplies it to the green space management device 4 via the output means 211. An example of the created image map is shown as an image X8 in FIG. In the image X8 shown in the figure, regions B2, B3, B5, and B6 represent surface vegetation, and a hatched region B7 represents mountain forest. The symbol point α in the area B3 indicates that there is a single tree.

The vegetation map creating unit 41 of the green space management device 4 displays the image map composed of the supplied image X8 on the display unit 42, and links the prepared vegetation information to the position coordinates of the image map. Overlap. Thereby, a vegetation map using a photographic image can be easily created, and information for green space management can be easily provided.

[0078]

According to the image map of the present invention, information unnecessary to be shown in the aerial photograph is deleted according to the intended use of the map, and the information is complemented with the pixels in the peripheral area. We can realize expressing space.
In the image map creation device and the creation method thereof according to the present invention,
It is possible to reduce the enormous work of mapping a map from an aerial photograph.

Further, by painting a predetermined polygon, it is possible to make the object stand out according to the intended use and to easily identify it. Further, by setting the color of the polygon to white, if the polygon is a road, the exclusive management of the road, such as water and sewage, gas pipes, telephone lines, and power lines, is managed based on this image map. It will be easier.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an image map creation system including creation to use of an image map.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a block configuration of an image map creating device.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating processing for a shadow and a moving object in the image map creation device.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a display example of an image acquired from an aerial photograph taken at a certain time;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a display example of an image acquired from an aerial photograph taken at a time interval with respect to the place shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a portion of the image of FIG. 4 that has changed due to a time difference based on the image of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a display example of an image in which a shadow and a moving object are deleted from the image of FIG. 4 and a predetermined polygon is extracted.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of an image displaying a road exclusive property.

9 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the image related to the road exclusive property in FIG. 8 is superimposed on the image according to the display example in FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a process for a vegetation area in the image map creation device.

11 is a diagram showing an example of an image showing a state where a vegetation area is extracted for the place shown in FIG. 4;

12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image representing a state in which vegetation processing has been applied to the image in FIG. 11;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Image data acquisition apparatus 11 ... Measuring means 12 ... Digital recording means 2 ... Image map creation apparatus 201 ... Control means 202 ... Storage part 203 ... Input means 204 ... Orthogonal projection means 205 ... Polygon conversion means 206 ... Display means 207 ... Operation means 208 ... Deletion means 209 ... Emphasis means 210 ... Complementary means 211 ... Output means 3 ... Road exclusive property management device 31 ... Layout drawing creation unit 32, 42 ... Display units 33 and 43 ... Operation unit 4 ... Green area management device 41 ... Vegetation map creation department

Claims (25)

[Claims] 1. An image map in which a predetermined area of a polygon area created based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky is deleted and the area is complemented with a surrounding area. 2. The image map according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined area is a shadow or a moving object. 3. An image map created by performing a highlighting process on a predetermined area among polygon areas created based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky. 4. The image map according to claim 3, wherein the highlighting process is a process of filling the area or adding a symbol / graphic. 5. The image map according to claim 4, wherein the highlighting process is a filling process when the area is a road. 6. The image map according to claim 4, wherein the highlighting process is, when the region represents vegetation, a filling process or adding a symbol / graphic. 7. The image map according to claim 1, wherein the photographic image information has been subjected to orthographic projection processing. 8. An image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky, comprising: a polygon for creating a polygon area by converting an image area shown in the photographic image into a polygon. An image map creating apparatus, comprising: an emphasis unit; and an emphasis unit that performs emphasis display processing on a predetermined area of the polygon area. 9. An image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky and height information of the predetermined area, wherein an image area shown in the photographic image is provided. An image map creating apparatus, comprising: a polygon forming means for forming a polygon area by converting a polygon into polygons; and an emphasizing means for performing a highlighting process on a predetermined area of the polygon area based on the height information. 10. The image map creating apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the emphasis unit performs a filling process or adding a symbol / graphic to the predetermined area. 11. An image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky, comprising: a polygon for creating a polygon area by converting an image area shown in the photographic image into a polygon. Converting means, a deleting means for deleting a predetermined area from the polygon area, and a complementing means for complementing image data of the deleted predetermined area so as to match a peripheral area of the predetermined area. Image mapping equipment. 12. An image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on first and second photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky with a time difference, comprising: For each of them, polygonized means for forming the first and second polygonal areas by polygonizing the images projected on each of them, and comparing the first and second polygonal areas to extract a change area due to a time difference, Control means for specifying a predetermined area related to the change area in one of the first and second polygon areas; deletion means for deleting the predetermined area specified from the one polygon area; And a complementing means for complementing the image data so as to match the determined predetermined area with a peripheral area of the predetermined area. 13. An image map creating apparatus for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky and height information of the predetermined area, comprising: an image area shown in the photographic image. Polygonizing means for creating a polygonal area by forming a polygon, control means for identifying a predetermined area from the polygonal area based on the height information, and determining the specified area from the polygonal area. An image map creating apparatus, comprising: a deletion unit that deletes the image data; and a complementing unit that complements image data matching the peripheral region of the predetermined region with respect to the deleted predetermined region. 14. The photographic image information includes first and second photographic images photographed at a time difference with respect to the predetermined area, and the polygonizing means converts the first and second photographic images into first and second photographic images. The first and second polygonal areas are created by polygonizing the image areas respectively projected on the basis of the image areas, and the control unit extracts the change area due to the time difference by comparing the first and second polygonal areas. 14. The image map creating apparatus according to claim 13, wherein a polygon area related to the change area is set as the predetermined area. 15. The image map creation according to claim 14, wherein the control unit determines that the predetermined area represents a moving object on the ground based on a change in the height information related to the change area. apparatus. 16. The image processing apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control unit determines that the predetermined area represents a shadow on the ground based on a change in RGB color data values of the image area related to the change area. Image mapping equipment. 17. A method for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky, comprising: creating a polygonal area by polygonizing an image area shown in the photographic image; Performing a highlighting process on a predetermined area of the polygon area. 18. An image map creating method for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky and height information of the predetermined area, the image area being displayed in the photographic image And generating a polygonal area by converting the polygons into polygons, and performing a highlighting process on a predetermined area of the polygonal area based on the height information. 19. The image map creating method according to claim 18, wherein the predetermined area is subjected to a filling process or a sign / graphic assignment. 20. A method for creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky, comprising the steps of: creating a polygonal area by polygonizing an image area shown in the photographic image; A method of deleting a predetermined area from a polygon area, and complementing the deleted predetermined area with image data matching a peripheral area of the predetermined area. 21. A method of creating an image map based on first and second photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky at a time difference, wherein each of the first and second photographic images is: Creating a first and a second polygonal area by polygonizing each of the images projected onto the respective areas; comparing the first and the second polygonal areas to extract a change area due to a time difference; In any one of the polygon regions, a step of specifying a predetermined region relating to the change region; a step of deleting the predetermined region specified from the one polygon region; and for the deleted predetermined region, An image map creation method for complementing image data matching a peripheral area of the predetermined area. 22. A method of creating an image map based on photographic image information obtained by photographing a predetermined area from the sky and height information of the predetermined area, wherein an image area projected on the photographic image is converted into a polygon. Creating a polygonal area based on the height information; identifying a predetermined area from the polygonal area based on the height information; deleting the identified area from the polygonal area; An image map creating method for complementing image data that matches a peripheral area of the predetermined area with respect to the specified area. 23. The photographic image information includes first and second photographic images photographed with a time difference in the predetermined area, and the first and second photographic images are respectively displayed based on the first and second photographic images. The first and second polygon areas are created by converting the image area obtained into polygons, and the first and second polygon areas are compared to extract a change area due to a time difference. 23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the area is an area. 24. The image map creating method according to claim 23, wherein it is determined that the predetermined area represents a moving object on the ground based on a change in the height information related to the change area. 25. The R of the image area according to the change area
24. The method according to claim 23, wherein it is determined that the predetermined area represents a shadow on the ground based on a change in GB color data value.