JP2002201543A - Soybean fiber body and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a soybean fiber body capable of being stored for a long period and being used as a paper raw material or a soil-conditioner from soybean residues such as easily perishable bean cured lees by extremely simple treatments, and to provide a method for producing the same. SOLUTION: The soybean fiber body is obtained by mixing soybean residues such as bean cured lees with a surfactant in an amount of 0.5 to 2% based on the weight of the wet soybean residues and further with water in an amount equivalent to the weight of the wet soybean residues, heating the mixture at 100 deg.C for 10 min, standing the heated mixture to cool to room temperature, and then applying a solid-liquid separation treatment using a fiber having an aperture of 40 to 120 meshes to the cooled mixture. In addition, the soybean fiber obtained by the solid-liquid separation treatment is subjected to a drying treatment. It is preferable to use a biodegradable surfactant as the above- described surfactant. Herein, the soybean fiber body consists mainly of soybean fiber, for example, fixed form or non-fixed form dried or non-dried solid material or slurry comprising the soybean fiber in an amount of nearly 100%, and the aqueous dispersing element of the solid material or slurry comprising the soybean fiber is also expediently included in the soybean fiber body.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a soybean fiber from soybean meal such as okara using a surfactant, and a soybean fiber obtained by such a production method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the impact on the global environment has become a problem, and the importance of effective use of resources and environmental protection has been widely recognized in general social life beyond the scope of economic activities. It has become like. By-products and wastes of the food industry are no exception, for example, when manufacturing tofu using soybeans as a raw material, okara that is produced in large quantities as pomace, partly as `` Unohana '' of side dishes and food compounding materials, Alternatively, it is used as livestock feed, fertilizer, etc., but the amount that is effectively used is small compared to the huge amount of slag, and despite its usefulness as a resource Most of them are discarded and contribute to environmental pollution, and it is urgently necessary to establish an effective use method that does not pollute the environment. The amount of okara used as a food material is limited in the future, and because it is rich in nutrients, it is useful as a feed, but its storage is difficult, and it is also effective as a compost. However, the odor generated during composting has been a problem.
In this way, the production of processed soybean products such as tofu and soy sauce produces a large amount of soybean meal such as okara as a by-product, and only a small part is reused, but the rest is disposed of as industrial waste. That is the current situation.

[0003] According to the Japanese Food Standard Ingredients Fourth Revised Edition (1982), as shown in Table 1, most of the okara ingredients are water, and more than half of the main components in the dried form are carbohydrates. Yes, impurities include proteins and lipids. The biggest technical problem in reusing okara containing such a large amount of water and nutrients is its preservability, and when trying to dehydrate the okara to improve the preservation, a large amount of heavy oil etc. There was a problem that fuel was required, and the cost was unprofitable.

[0004]

[Table 1]

[0005] In order to solve these problems, many proposals have been made on the effective use of okara and the like.
For example, JP-A-9-327684 discloses that 100% by weight of at least one food processing waste selected from rice bran, okara, rapeseed oil cake and corn cake, 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of paper pulp, A method for producing a biodegradable molded article is described in which a water-containing mixture containing 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of an alkali is heated, dehydrated, molded, and dried. Energy was required, and there was also a problem with the safety during purification.

[0006] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-299958 discloses a method in which a lipolytic enzyme and a proteolytic enzyme are allowed to act on an aqueous suspension of okara and a water-insoluble fraction is separated from the obtained reaction product. The insoluble fraction is washed with an aqueous solution containing a surfactant and a carbohydrate-degrading enzyme, and then reacted with a lipolytic enzyme and a proteolytic enzyme to separate the water-insoluble fraction from the obtained reaction product. A method for producing edible water-insoluble, indigestible fiber that is chemically valuable, can be stored for a long time, and does not cause quality deterioration is described, but the operation is complicated and expensive enzymes are used. There was a problem that had to be done.

[0007] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-336915 discloses that okara and sesame oil are mixed with an aqueous solvent in such a ratio that the crude fat in the finally obtained oil-containing okara (dehydrated state) becomes 20 to 85 wt%. After dispersing in, by removing the solvent, the mouthfeel is soft, freshness retention, excellent in flavor,
A method for producing oil-containing okara suitable for food processing, health food, etc. is described, and it is described that it is preferable to add a surfactant to these before separating okara and oil. ing.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-158083 discloses the use of plant materials such as polyvinyl acetate, starch, imago as waste, okara, and sawdust, mainly containing biodegradable substances such as polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol. , Nitrogen, phosphoric acid,
Make fertilizers such as potassium and magnesium into a fine powder, add propylene glycol and a surfactant as a mixing agent, knead them at 80 ° C to produce pellets, and then mold them into piles using an injection molding machine to produce products It is possible to mix up to 80% of fertilizer and obtain good preservability.
A biodegradable plastic pile-type plant fertilizer and fixed pile is described.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to convert a perishable soybean, such as okara, into a paper material or a soil improving material which can be stored for a long time by a very simple treatment. An object of the present invention is to provide a soybean fiber body and a method for producing the same.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have found that a high-quality soybean fiber can be easily obtained simply by using a surfactant without using any enzyme such as okara. Was completed.

That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing a soybean fiber body comprising adding a surfactant to a soybean meal and then subjecting the soybean meal to a solid-liquid separation treatment. 3. The method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to claim 1, wherein water is added (claim 2), or a heat treatment before the solid-liquid separation treatment. The method for producing a soybean fibrous body (Claim 3) or the solid-liquid separation treatment is a solid-liquid separation treatment using a filter having an aperture of 40 to 120 mesh. The method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a drying treatment is performed after the solid-liquid separation treatment (claim 4). Use of 0.5 to 2% surfactant based on fresh weight of soybean meal The method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to any one of claims 1 to 5 (Claim 6), wherein the surfactant is a biodegradable surfactant. The method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the soybean meal is okara. .

Further, the present invention provides a soybean fibrous body (claim 9) or a soybean fibrous body obtained by the method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the soybean fibrous body is dried. The soybean fibrous body (claim 10) according to claim 9, which is a slurry-like okara pulp before application.
The soybean fibrous body (claim 11) or the soybean fibrous body according to claim 9, wherein the soybean fibrous body is a sheet-shaped okara paper sheet before being subjected to the drying treatment. The soybean fibrous body according to claim 9 (claim 12), the okara pulp according to claim 10, or the okara paper sheet according to claim 11, which is a later sheet-shaped okara paper sheet. A biodegradable paper sheet containing soy fiber, characterized by being obtained by blending vegetable fiber or vegetable thickening polysaccharide longer than soy fiber (claim 13).

[0013]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The method for producing a soybean fibrous body of the present invention is characterized in that a soybean meal containing soybean fibrous material such as okara is added with a surfactant and then subjected to a solid-liquid separation treatment. The method is not particularly limited as long as the soybean meal can be mentioned as a soybean meal, a food manufacturing meal containing a large amount of soybean fiber such as soy sauce meal, and the soybean fibrous material is mainly a soybean fiber. For example, it refers to a solid or slurry after drying or before drying of a fixed or atypical form in which nearly 100% is made of soy fiber, and an aqueous dispersion of the solid or slurry made of soy fiber is also used for convenience. include. The solids and slurries comprising such soybean fibers and their aqueous dispersions exhibit good preservability since they are substantially free of other components.

The amount of the surfactant to be added cannot be determined unconditionally depending on the type of soybean meal and the type of surfactant to be used, but it is usually 0.5 to 2 with respect to the fresh weight of soybean meal such as okara.
% Of the surfactant is preferably used. If the amount of the surfactant is less than this, the soybean fibrous body obtained may have insufficient preservability, and if it is more than necessary, it is economically disadvantageous. In addition, in the case of soybean curd such as okara, it is often preferable to add water in addition to the surfactant, and the amount of water to be added is not particularly limited. And 50 ~ 15
An amount of 0%, preferably about 100% can be exemplified.

As the surfactant used in the present invention, any surfactant can be used as long as it can improve the storage stability of soybean meal by a solid-liquid separation treatment after being added to soybean meal alone or together with water. But for example,
Examples of various conventionally known anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, and mixtures thereof can be given. As the anionic surfactant, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and the like, as the cationic surfactant dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the like,
Examples of the nonionic surfactant include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenolate, sorbitan, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, and monoglyceride, and the amphoteric surfactant includes N-alkyl-N, N- Dimethylammonium betaine and the like can be specifically exemplified.

Many of the conventionally used surfactants as described above are chemically synthesized, and many of these synthetic surfactants are highly irritating to eyes, skin and mucous membranes, and are safe. Is not a problem, and its wastewater is a source of pollution. For example, the acute oral toxicity (LD50) of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, a typical synthetic anionic surfactant used at home, is 1
260 mg / kg and is said to be safe,
Due to strong irritation to the eyes and skin and one of the causes of environmental pollution such as fish toxicity, biological surfactants that can be easily decomposed by microorganisms have recently attracted attention. . From such a viewpoint, even as the surfactant used in the present invention, there is no effect on the human body,
It is particularly preferable to use a biodegradable natural surfactant. Examples of such a biodegradable surfactant include biological substances having a hydrophilic site and a hydrophobic site in the molecule, substances containing a hydrolyzable group such as an ester group in the molecule, and amino acids. Examples include substances using biological raw materials, specifically, phospholipids, glycolipids in which hydrophilic sugars and hydrophobic fatty acids are bonded, and substances composed of sugars and a hydrophobic isoprene skeleton. A biodegradable nonionic compound containing a ketal group and a polyoxyalkylene group described in JP-A-2000-192076, to which a compound having surface activity such as saponin contained in soybean seeds is attached. Surfactant, JP-A-10-2
No. 98193, a specific position (3 ′ position or 6 ′
Sulphated oligosaccharide compounds comprising a lactose compound having a sulfate ester group selectively introduced at position (1).

In the method for producing a soybean fibrous body of the present invention, it is necessary to add a surfactant alone or together with water to a soybean meal containing soybean fibrous material such as okara, and then perform a solid-liquid separation treatment. However, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment before the solid-liquid separation treatment in order to further improve the storage stability of the obtained soybean fiber. As such a heat treatment, 70
Heat treatment at １００100 ° C. for 5 to 30 minutes, preferably 10
Heat treatment at 0 ° C. for about 10 minutes can be exemplified,
After the heat treatment, the mixture is usually allowed to cool to room temperature and then subjected to a solid-liquid separation treatment. As such a solid-liquid separation treatment, any treatment may be used as long as it can separate the soybean fiber component in the soybean meal after the surfactant treatment from the solution. , Centrifugation and the like can be specifically exemplified, but it is preferable to perform a water washing treatment in order to increase the degree of purification of the soybean fibrous body (okara pulp) after the solid-liquid separation treatment. Next, the okara pulp is subjected to a drying treatment, but since the okara pulp hardly rots and does not generate a bad odor even when it rots, the okara pulp is used to prevent rot of the okara in a short period of time. There is no need to perform an expensive drying process using a fuel such as heavy oil which is usually employed, and a simple drying method such as solar drying can be used. Okara pulp made of biodegradable soy fiber can be used as it is as a soil improving material without performing drying treatment.

For example, a solid-liquid separation treatment is carried out using a filter having a mesh size of 40 to 120 mesh such as a mesh having a mesh size of 40 to 120 mesh, followed by washing with water. From the pulp to obtain an undried sheet-like soybean fiber body (undried soybean fiber sheet body). By drying the undried sheet-like soybean fiber body by an appropriate method, a paper sheet (dry soybean fiber sheet body) made of soybean fiber can be obtained. However, the soybean fiber in okara pulp is short, and Because it is difficult to maintain the form as a paper sheet with only pulp,
As a paper quality improving material, it is preferable to add waste paper such as a milk pack having long fibers, or a thickening polysaccharide used as a food additive. Such thickening polysaccharides include β-
Schizophyllan, a kind of 1,3 glycan, β-1,4
Examples include xyloglucan, a type of glycan, and locust bean gum, a type of β-1,4 mannan, which have been reported by the present inventors to adsorb to cellulose (T. Mishima, M. Hisamat
su, WSYork, K. Teranishi, and T. Yamada, Adhesion
of β-D-glucans to cellulose, Carbohydr.Res., 30
8, 389-395 (1998)).

The soybean fibrous body of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained by the above-described method for producing a soybean fibrous body of the present invention. The near-typical or atypical solid or slurry after drying or before drying of soybean fiber, such as the above-mentioned okara pulp or paper sheet, and the aqueous dispersion of the solid or slurry of such soybean fiber are exemplified. be able to. The soybean fibrous body of the present invention is a biodegradable substance because it is derived from a natural product, but hardly perishes. Further, it does not generate an odor even when it perishes, and is useful as a papermaking raw material. In addition, because it does not adversely affect plants, it is advantageously used as agricultural material for paper mulching (cultivation that inhibits the growth of weeds other than crops by covering the topsoil with paper and shielding sunlight). Can be.
In this case, the pH of the cultivated soil can be modified by using a surfactant having various pH, for example, an alkaline sodium lauryl sulfate or the like as the surfactant to be used.

[0020]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples. Example 1 (Preparation of undried soybean fibrous body) 1 kg of soybean sprouts after soymilk squeezing (water content of about 80% by weight)
10 g of sodium lauryl sulfate ("Sodium Latrium Sulfate" manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added, and then 1 kg of water was added. The mixture was heated with stirring, maintained at 100 ° C for 10 minutes, and allowed to cool to room temperature. Next, the treated solution containing soybean fiber after standing to cool was screened with a mesh of 80 mesh (IIDA SAKUSEISYO
1kg after straining using "THE IIDA TESTING SIEVE")
Of water 5 times. An optical microscope image (× 2) of the purified okara pulp (undried soy fiber sheet body) after this washing.
7) is shown in FIG. 1 and its electron microscope image is shown in FIG. For reference, FIG. 3 shows an optical microscope image (× 27) of soybean milk after squeezed milk and before treatment with a surfactant, and FIG. 4 shows an electron microscope image thereof. As can be seen from the observation with an optical microscope and the like in FIGS. 1 and 2, almost 100% of the purified okara pulp was composed of fibers, and after the purification, almost no microorganisms were found. It was also found that the length of the fiber itself was very short.

Example 2 (Preparation of Dry Soybean Fiber Sheet Body) The purified okara pulp (undried soybean fiber sheet body) obtained in Example 1 was subjected to two types of drying treatments. That is, one was subjected to solar drying and the other to dry heat drying using an electric heater (60 ° C.). A slight browning was observed when drying with an electric heater. This browning was presumed to be due to the Maillard reaction (reaction between the amino group of the protein contained in a trace amount and the free reducing end in the fiber). Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a paper sheet (dry soy fiber sheet body) having a large area can be produced by dry heat drying using an electric heater, but the paper sheet tends to be curved. It was observed. On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
In the case of solar drying, a flat paper sheet without browning could be made, but it was found that a wide area could not be made because the paper sheet collapsed.

Example 3 (Durability of dried soy fiber sheet) The paper sheet obtained in Example 2 (dry soy fiber sheet)
Was examined for durability. FIGS. 7 and 8 show photographs of the forms obtained when the paper sheet obtained by dry heat drying and the paper sheet obtained by sun drying were incubated in water at 25 ° C. for 3 months. When the above two types of paper sheets were immersed in water and incubated at 25 ° C. for 3 months, the paper sheet after immersion maintained the rigid form before immersion for about one week, but it broke down after more than one month. There was a tendency to go. Also, the paper sheet itself tended to rot slightly, but nevertheless did not completely rot over a long period of three months, and almost no odor of rot was felt. On the other hand, when the untreated okara itself was exposed to the same conditions, an intense putrefaction odor and vigorous propagation of microorganisms were observed from about three days after immersion.

Example 4 (Application of dried soybean fiber sheet to paper mulch cultivation) Examination of application of the purified okara pulp (undried soybean fiber sheet) obtained in Example 1 to paper mulch cultivation did. The okara pulp was laid over the surface of the soil placed in the flower pot, and the influence on the seeds of the seedlings sown in advance was examined. FIG. 9 shows a photograph of the flower pot surface layer one month after the experiment. As can be seen from FIG. 9, the vetch seeds sown right under the okara pulp did not grow due to the physical sunlight shielding effect of the okara pulp after sowing (Marunouchi in FIG. 9). From this, it was found that the okara pulp of the present invention can be used for paper mulch cultivation. Further, when the pulp was dried to form a paper sheet (sun-dried) from the one end, it was deformed to some extent due to irrigation, but after about one month, the shape did not collapse so much and, of course, there was almost no rotten odor.

Example 5 (Preparation of a soybean fiber sheet using a paper quality improving agent) The refined okara pulp obtained in Example 1 (fresh weight 100
g) as a paper quality improver, 5 g of xyloglucan ("Guapack" manufactured by Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) was added, and the mixture was spread on a glass plate to a thickness of about 2 to 3 mm. I let it. FIG. 10 shows a photograph of a soybean fiber sheet using the obtained paper quality improving agent. The soy fiber sheet alone without using the paper quality improver is 5
mm or more, the flat shape cannot be maintained unless the thickness is several millimeters at the time of drying, and deformation is observed when dried on a glass plate in the sun, but as shown in FIG. 10, the thickness is reduced by adding xyloglucan. It was found that it could be formed into a sheet form and hardly deformed even when dried on a glass plate in the sun. Furthermore, it was also found that, when the paper mixed with the xyloglucan was immersed in water, water was sufficiently absorbed by one day before the paper sheet made of only the soybean fiber body, and it could be easily crushed finely.

[0025]

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a highly pure soybean fiber from soybean meal such as okara by a very simple method by a method other than the expensive drying method using fuel such as heavy oil. . The soybean fibrous body of the present invention is a biodegradable substance because it is derived from a natural product, but hardly rots, and does not generate a bad odor even when rotted, and is useful as a papermaking raw material. Further, since it does not adversely affect plants, it can be advantageously used as an agricultural material for cultivation of paper mulch.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an optical microscope image (× 27) of a purified okara pulp (undried soybean fiber sheet) of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an electron microscope image of the purified okara pulp (undried soy fiber sheet) of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an optical microscope image (× 27) of soybean milk after squeezed milk and before treatment with a surfactant.

FIG. 4 is a view showing an electron microscope image of okara after soymilk squeezing and before surfactant treatment.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a paper sheet (dry soy fiber sheet body) obtained by dry heat drying according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a paper sheet (dry soy fiber sheet body) obtained by solar drying according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a form when a paper sheet (dry soy fiber sheet body) by dry heat drying of the present invention is incubated in water at 25 ° C. for 3 months.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a form when a paper sheet (dry soy fiber sheet body) obtained by solar drying according to the present invention is incubated in water at 25 ° C. for 3 months.

FIG. 9 is a view showing the result of applying okara pulp of the present invention to paper mulch cultivation.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a paper sheet (dry soy fiber sheet body) obtained by solar drying using the paper quality improving agent of the present invention.

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing a soybean fibrous body, comprising adding a surfactant to soybean meal and then subjecting it to a solid-liquid separation treatment. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a surfactant and water are added to the soybean meal. 3. The method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to claim 1, wherein a heat treatment is performed before the solid-liquid separation treatment. 4. The method for producing a soybean fiber according to claim 1, wherein the solid-liquid separation treatment is a solid-liquid separation treatment using a filter having a mesh size of 40 to 120 mesh. 5. The method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to claim 1, wherein a drying treatment is performed after the solid-liquid separation treatment. 6. The method for producing a soybean fibrous body according to claim 1, wherein a surfactant is used in an amount of 0.5 to 2% based on the fresh weight of soybean meal. 7. The method for producing a soybean fiber according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is a biodegradable surfactant. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the soybean meal is okara. 9. A soybean fiber obtained by the method for producing a soybean fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. The soybean fibrous body according to claim 9, wherein the soybean fibrous body is slurry okara pulp before a drying treatment. 11. The soybean fibrous body according to claim 9, wherein the soybean fibrous body is a sheet-shaped okara paper sheet before subjected to a drying treatment. 12. The soybean fibrous body according to claim 9, wherein the soybean fibrous body is a sheet-shaped okara paper sheet after subjected to a drying treatment. 13. The okara pulp according to claim 10 or the okara paper sheet according to claim 11, which is obtained by blending a vegetable fiber longer than soybean fiber or a vegetable thickening polysaccharide. Biodegradable paper sheet containing soy fiber.