JP2002014211A - Reflector, reflection type liquid crystal display device, its manufacturing method, optical member, display device, illuminator and wave member - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To manufacture a reflector capable of designing a two-dimensional wave motion radiation member which can suppress the interference of radiated wave motion and has specified radiation characteristics, and to provide a reflec tion type liquid crystal display device, its manufacturing method, an optical member, a display device, an illuminator, a display plate and a wave member. SOLUTION: In the reflector 101 having recesses and projections on its surface, at least a part of the recesses 4 in the surface pattern is disposed according to a specified rule and the same periodic property of the recesses and projections is not obtained in any straight cross sections parallel to each other.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light reflection plate and a method of manufacturing the same, a reflection type liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the same, an optical member, a display device, a lighting device, a display plate, and a wave member.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A reflective display device that does not require a light source such as a backlight, for example, a reflective liquid crystal display device performs display using external light, consumes low power, and is used in portable equipment. Often used.

In order to ensure sufficient brightness as a reflection type display device, it is conceivable to use a reflection plate made of a metal having high reflectivity, such as aluminum or silver. However, if the surface of the reflector is flat, specular reflection occurs, the light source is reflected on the reflector, and the portion of the reflector other than the portion where the light source is reflected hardly reflects light, so the display is dark. Is very difficult to see. Therefore, when a large number of fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the metal reflector and light is scattered by the irregularities, reflection of the light source is suppressed, and a reflector having a good reflectance can be obtained. A reflection type liquid crystal display device having such a reflection plate is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 269.
No. 8218 and Japanese Patent No. 2756206.

By the way, in the case of a reflector having unevenness on the surface, the direction of reflected light depends on the shape of the surface. on the other hand,
In a reflector having irregularities, a phenomenon occurs in which light is diffracted when reflected. Therefore, when irregularities are repeatedly arranged at regular intervals, light diffracted by irregularities on the surface of the reflector interferes with each other, and strong light is reflected in a specific direction or a specific wavelength interferes. Constructive, so that the reflector looks colored. FIG. 19 shows an example of such an uneven arrangement. FIG. 20 shows a cross section taken along line XX-XX of FIG. In FIG. 19, circles represent concave portions. The recesses are regularly arranged in a lattice. In FIG. 20, this uneven shape is formed on the substrate 1 by the uneven layer 2.
Is formed on the reflection film 3 formed by using the above-mentioned method, and the cross-sectional shape thereof is also such that irregularities are regularly repeated. In such a regular arrangement, interference of diffracted light occurs, and the display becomes difficult to see. Therefore, when the unevenness is irregularly arranged in the extending surface of the reflector, the interference of the diffracted light is suppressed, and the reflected light is whitened, so that a reflector having good reflection characteristics can be obtained. .

An example of a method for suppressing the interference of diffracted light in this way is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2912176.
In this example, the irregularities are arranged irregularly. Specifically, the unevenness is appropriately arranged such that the distance distribution between adjacent concave portions or convex portions or the height distribution of the unevenness has a predetermined variation.

[0006]

As disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art, the interference of diffracted light can be eliminated by making the arrangement of the irregularities irregular. However, in the past, the specific design method for the concavo-convex arrangement was not clarified, and only the degree of irregularity was obvious, so the designer of the concavo-convex arrangement performed trial and error so that the variation was within a predetermined range. Needed. Therefore, when the design of a display device having pixels in a matrix is changed, for example, when the pixel arrangement is changed and a new reflecting plate is designed to match the arrangement, the arrangement of the concavities and convexities will be different. As a result, the angle of inclination of the surface of the unevenness changes, and it has not been possible to design a reflector having a constant reflection characteristic.

Further, since this problem is caused by interference of diffracted light, if it is a wave motion, it is common to light (light wave), sound wave, electromagnetic wave, vibration wave, etc. It is. In addition, wave interference occurs when a wave source is two-dimensionally distributed, or when a wave source having a two-dimensional shape has a large number of portions having extreme values (maximum value and minimum value) of wave radiation intensity, It also occurs when the wave source is a wave source consisting of a plane that reflects, transmits, refracts, etc. the incident wave. Therefore, in these cases, the above-described problem exists as in the case of the light reflection plate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to design a two-dimensional wave radiating member capable of suppressing interference of radiated waves and having a constant radiation characteristic. It is an object of the present invention to provide a possible reflection plate and its manufacturing method, a reflection type liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method, an optical member, a display device, a lighting device, a display plate, and a wave member.

[0009]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a reflector according to the present invention is characterized in that, in a reflector having an uneven surface, at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the uneven shape has a predetermined shape. They are arranged according to a rule, and the irregular shape in an arbitrary linear cross section is irregular (claim 1).

[0010] With this configuration, the irregular arrangement of the concave and convex shapes can eliminate the interference of the diffracted light reflected by the reflector, and the irregular arrangement of the irregular shapes can be reproduced at the time of design. Possible reflection characteristics can be obtained.

Further, in the reflector according to the present invention, in the reflector having an uneven surface, at least a part of the concave portion or the convex portion of the uneven shape is arranged according to a predetermined rule,
The same regularity does not appear in the concavo-convex shape in any linear cross section parallel to each other (claim 2).

With this configuration, the regularity of the arrangement of the concave and convex shapes is not repeated in a specific direction, so that the interference of the diffracted light reflected by the reflector can be eliminated, and the arrangement of the concave and convex shapes has regularity. Therefore, a reproducible reflection characteristic at the time of design can be obtained.

In this case, at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the concave and convex shape may be arranged in a substantially spiral shape.

With this configuration, it is possible to easily provide an arrangement in which the same regularity does not appear in the concavo-convex shape in an arbitrary parallel linear cross section.

In this case, when the number n is given to the concave portion or the convex portion in the order of the distance from the center of the helix, the n-th and n-th
It may include a concave portion or a convex portion whose central angle with the + 1st is a multiple of 137.5 degrees (claim 4).

With such a configuration, the distance between adjacent concave portions or convex portions can be made substantially equal, and a reflector having uniform reflection characteristics can be formed.

Further, when the number n is given to the concave portion or the convex portion in the order of the distance from the center of the helix, the concave or convex portion in which the distance from the center of the helix to the concave portion or the convex portion is proportional to the square root of n is included. (Claim 5).

With such a configuration, the distance between adjacent concave portions or convex portions can be made substantially equal, and a reflector having uniform reflection characteristics can be constructed.

In the above case, at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the irregular shape may be arranged regularly and substantially concentrically (Claim 6). Alternatively, at least a part of the convex portion may be arranged substantially radially (claim 7).
At least a part of the concave and convex portions of the concave and convex shape may be arranged in a substantially elliptical spiral shape or a substantially elliptical radial shape (claim 8).

With this configuration, it is possible to eliminate the interference of the diffracted light based on the regularity of the arrangement of the unevenness.

Further, at least a part of the concave portion or the convex portion of the concave-convex shape has n as a natural number on an arbitrary plane coordinate, a radius from the origin of the coordinate, a square root of n, and a phase angle of 137.
It may be arranged so as to have a positional relationship similar to a plurality of points on the plane coordinates obtained as n times 5 degrees (claim 9).

With this configuration, the area occupied by each concave portion or convex portion in the plane can be made substantially the same, and a regular arrangement in which the distance between adjacent concave portions or convex portions is substantially uniform can be realized. can do.

In addition, 5 out of all the concave portions or convex portions described above.
Some or more of them may be arranged according to the predetermined rule (claim 10).

With this configuration, it is possible to easily design the arrangement of the concave and convex shapes.

Further, the arrangement of the concave portions or the convex portions of the concave and convex shape may be repeated in a matrix.

In addition, the concave or convex portion of the concave and convex shape is formed through a process including mask exposure and development using a photomask including a light-shielding region or a light-transmitting region at least a part of which is arranged according to a predetermined rule. (Claim 12).

With this configuration, a reflector having good characteristics can be manufactured easily and with good reproducibility.

In the reflector according to the present invention, in a reflector having a plurality of unit regions having irregularities formed on the surface, the irregularities of all the unit regions are the same, and the irregular shapes of a certain unit region are different. At least a part of the concave portions or the convex portions are arranged in accordance with a predetermined rule, and the same regularity does not appear in the concavo-convex shape in an arbitrary parallel linear cross section (claim 13).

With such a configuration, if there is regularity in the uneven shape in a linear cross section having a unit region, the same regularity will appear at the arrangement pitch of the unit regions, but the pitch is not less than a certain value. In the case where the repetition frequency of the arrangement is low, the interference becomes small and is not recognized practically, so that the adverse effect due to the interference can be eliminated.

In this case, the unit regions may be formed on the surface in a matrix.
4).

With such a configuration, it is suitable for a reflection plate of a reflection type image display device using pixels.

Further, the method for manufacturing a reflector according to the present invention comprises:
In the method for manufacturing a reflector having an uneven shape on the surface, at least a part of the concave portion or the convex portion according to a predetermined rule,
The irregularities are formed such that the irregularities are not irregular in the arbitrary linear cross section or the same regularity does not repeatedly appear in the arbitrary parallel linear cross section (claims 15 and 17). .

With this configuration, a reflection plate capable of eliminating interference due to diffraction can be manufactured with good reproducibility.

In this case, the arrangement is such that at least a part thereof conforms to a predetermined rule and is irregular in an arbitrary linear cross section in the arrangement plane or does not show the same regularity on an arbitrary parallel straight line. Performing a process including mask exposure and development using a photomask including a light-shielded region or a light-transmitting region, thereby having a concave portion or a convex portion on the surface at a position corresponding to the light-shielding region or the light-transmitting region. The method may include a step of forming an uneven shape on the substrate and a step of forming a reflective film on the uneven shape.

With this configuration, the reflection plate can be easily manufactured by using the photolithography method.

Further, the reflection type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a liquid crystal layer and a reflection plate arranged substantially parallel to the liquid crystal layer, and external light is externally transmitted through the reflection plate via the liquid crystal layer. In the liquid crystal display element configured so that it can be modulated by a voltage applied from outside to the liquid crystal layer, the reflection plate has an uneven shape on the surface, and a concave or convex portion of the uneven shape is formed. At least a part is arranged according to a predetermined rule, and the irregularities in an arbitrary linear cross section are irregular or the irregularities in an arbitrary parallel linear cross section do not show the same regularity as each other ( Claims 19 and 2
0).

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a reflection type liquid crystal display device having good visibility and reproducibility of the design.

In this case, the reflection plate is formed by forming a reflection film for reflecting the external light on a substrate, and an opposing substrate is disposed so as to face the reflection plate via the liquid crystal layer. The electrode for modulating the reflection may be constituted by the reflection film and the common electrode formed on the inner surface of the counter substrate.

With this configuration, the reflection film can be used as an electrode, so that the configuration can be simplified.

In the method of manufacturing a reflection type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, at least a part thereof complies with a predetermined rule.
And a photomask including a light-shielding region or a light-transmitting region arranged such that the same regularity does not appear on any parallel straight line in the arrangement plane or the same regularity does not appear on any parallel straight line. Performing a process including mask exposure and development using a, thereby forming on the substrate a concave and convex shape having a concave portion or a convex portion at a position corresponding to a light-shielding region or a light-transmitting region of the photomask, A step of forming a reflective film on the uneven shape; a step of arranging a counter substrate having a common electrode formed on an inner surface thereof so as to face the surface of the substrate on which the reflective film is formed; Sealing the liquid crystal between the substrate and the substrate (claims 22 and 23).

With this configuration, a reflection type liquid crystal display device having good visibility and reproducibility of its design can be easily manufactured by photolithography.

Further, the reflection type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has a liquid crystal layer and a reflection plate arranged substantially in parallel with the liquid crystal layer, and external light is externally transmitted through the reflection plate via the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal layer is configured to be reflected and modulatable by a voltage applied from the outside, and the reflector has an uneven shape on the surface, and at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the uneven shape has a predetermined shape. A reflective liquid crystal display element which is arranged in accordance with a rule, and in which the concavo-convex shape in an arbitrary linear cross section is irregular or the same irregularity does not appear in the concavo-convex shape in an arbitrary parallel linear cross section; Driving means for driving the reflective liquid crystal display element by applying a voltage for modulating the liquid crystal layer.
25).

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a reflection type liquid crystal display device having good visibility and reproducibility of its design.

Further, in the optical member according to the present invention, the optical characteristic in the direction of the observation point changes in the plane, and at least a part of the optical action center where the optical characteristic is maximum or minimum is a predetermined rule in the plane. And the arrangement of the optically active centers on an arbitrary straight line in the plane is irregular (claim 26).

In such a configuration, the arrangement of the optical action centers is irregular, so that interference of the diffracted light subjected to the optical action can be eliminated, and the arrangement of the optical action centers has regularity. Sometimes reproducible optical properties can be obtained.

Also, in the optical member according to the present invention, the optical characteristic in the direction of the observation point changes in the plane, and at least a part of the optical action center where the optical characteristic is maximum or minimum is a predetermined rule in the plane. And the same regularity does not appear in the arrangement of the optical action centers on any parallel straight lines in the plane (claim 27).

With this configuration, the regularity of the arrangement of the optical action centers is not repeated in a specific direction, so that the interference of the diffracted light subjected to the optical action can be eliminated, and the arrangement of the optical action centers is regular. , Optical characteristics reproducible at the time of design can be obtained.

Further, the optical characteristics may be changed substantially discontinuously between the minute area centered on the optical action center and the remaining area, and each area may have a substantially constant value. (Claim 28).

Further, at least a part of the optical action center may be arranged in a substantially spiral shape.

With this configuration, it is possible to easily provide an arrangement in which the same regularity does not appear at the optical action center in an arbitrary parallel linear cross section.

In this case, when the number n is given to the optical action center in the order of the distance from the center of the helix, the nth and nth
It may include an optical action center whose central angle with the + 1st is a multiple of 137.5 degrees (claim 30), and number n is given to the optical action center in the order of the distance from the center of the helix. When given, the distance from the center of the helix to the optically active center may include the optically active center that is proportional to the square root of n.

With this configuration, the distance between adjacent optical action centers can be made substantially equal, and an optical member having uniform optical characteristics can be formed.

In the above case, at least a part of the optical action center may be regularly arranged concentrically (claim 32), and at least a part of the optical action center may be substantially arranged. It may be arranged radially (claim 33), and at least a part of the optical action center may be arranged substantially elliptical spiral or substantially elliptical radially (claim 34).

With this configuration, it is possible to eliminate the interference of the diffracted light based on the regularity of the arrangement of the optical action centers.

Further, at least a part of the optical action center is obtained with n being a natural number on an arbitrary plane coordinate, a radius from the origin of the coordinate being a square root of n, and a phase angle being n times 137.5 degrees. It may be arranged so as to have a positional relationship similar to the plurality of points on the plane coordinates.

With this configuration, the area occupied by each optical action center in the plane can be made substantially the same, and a regular arrangement can be realized in which the distance between adjacent optical action centers is almost constant. Can be.

At least a part of the optical action center has a positional relationship similar to an arrangement obtained by symmetrically transforming a plurality of points arranged concentrically regularly on arbitrary plane coordinates. (Claim 36).

Further, the arrangement of the optical action centers may be repeated in a matrix.

Further, the optical characteristic may be a reflectance.

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a reflection member which can eliminate interference of diffracted light and has good design reproducibility of reflection characteristics.

Further, the optical characteristic may be a refractive index.

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a refraction member that can eliminate the interference of diffracted light and has good reproducibility in the design of refraction characteristics.

Further, the optical characteristic may be transmittance.

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a light-transmitting member that can eliminate interference of diffracted light and has good design reproducibility of transmission characteristics.

Further, in the optical member according to the present invention, the optical characteristics in the observation point direction change for each of a plurality of unit areas in the plane, and the optical characteristics of all the unit areas are the same, and a certain unit area has the same optical property. Wherein at least a part of the optical action center where the optical property is maximum or minimum is arranged in a plane of the unit area according to a predetermined rule, and the optical action on an arbitrary parallel straight line in the plane of the unit area. The same regularity does not appear in the center arrangement.
1).

With this configuration, if there is regularity at the optical action center on a certain straight line in the plane of the unit area, the same regularity will appear at the arrangement pitch of the unit area. When the repetition frequency of the arrangement is smaller than a certain value, the interference becomes small and is not recognized practically, so that the adverse effect due to the interference can be solved.

In this case, the unit regions may be formed in a matrix in a plane.
2).

Further, the display device according to the present invention includes a display means for displaying predetermined information, and an optical characteristic disposed on an optical path of light for displaying the information, the optical characteristic with respect to a direction in which the displayed information is observed. Is changed in the plane, and at least a part of the optical action center whose optical property is maximum or minimum is arranged in the plane according to a predetermined rule, and the arrangement of the optical action center on an arbitrary straight line in the plane And optical members that do not show the same regularity in the arrangement of the optical action centers on an arbitrary or parallel straight line (claims 43 and 44).

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a display device having good visibility and design reproducibility.

Further, the lighting device according to the present invention is provided with a light emitting means for emitting light, and an optical characteristic with respect to a direction in which the displayed information is observed, which is arranged on an optical path of the emitted light, changes in a plane, At least a part of the optical action center whose optical property is maximum or minimum is arranged according to a predetermined rule in the plane, and the arrangement of the optical action center on any straight line in the plane is irregular or arbitrary. And an optical member that does not show the same regularity in the arrangement of the optical action centers on straight lines parallel to each other.
5, 46).

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a lighting device having good visibility and design reproducibility.

Further, the display panel according to the present invention is provided with a light emitting means for emitting light, and an optical characteristic with respect to a direction in which the displayed information is observed, which is arranged on an optical path of the emitted light, At least a part of the optical action center whose optical property is maximum or minimum is arranged in the plane according to a predetermined rule, and the arrangement of the optical action center on any straight line in the plane is irregular or arbitrary. And the optical members are arranged such that the same regularity does not appear in the arrangement of the optical action centers on straight lines parallel to each other, and the optical action centers are distributed in a predetermined display pattern. (Claims 47 and 48).

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a display panel having good visibility and design reproducibility.

Further, in the wave member according to the present invention, the radiation characteristic of the wave changes in the plane, and at least a part of the wave operation center having the maximum or minimum radiation characteristic is arranged in the plane according to a predetermined rule. The arrangement of the wave operation centers on an arbitrary straight line in the plane is irregular (claim 49).

With this configuration, it is possible to eliminate interference caused by diffraction of the radiated wave and to provide a wave member having good design reproducibility of the radiation characteristic of the wave.

Further, in the wave member according to the present invention, the radiation characteristic of the wave changes in the plane, and at least a part of the wave operation center having the maximum or minimum radiation characteristic is arranged in the plane according to a predetermined rule. The same regularity does not appear in the arrangement of the wave operation centers on any parallel lines in the plane (claim 50).

With such a configuration, it is possible to provide a wave member which can eliminate interference due to diffraction of a radiated wave and has good design reproducibility of radiation characteristics of the wave.

Further, the radiation characteristic may be changed substantially discontinuously between the minute region centering on the wave operation center and the remaining region, and may have a substantially constant value in each region. Claim 51).

Also, at least a part of the wave operation center may be regularly arranged concentrically (claim 52).

With this configuration, it is possible to eliminate the interference of the waves due to the regularity of the arrangement of the wave operation centers.

Further, the wave motion may be a sound wave, thereby constituting an acoustic member.
3).

With this configuration, it is possible to provide an acoustic member having good sound radiation characteristics and good design reproducibility.

Further, the wave may be an electromagnetic wave, and may constitute an electromagnetic wave member.

With this configuration, it is possible to provide an electromagnetic wave member having good electromagnetic wave radiation characteristics and good design reproducibility.

[0085] Further, the wave motion may be vibration, and a vibration member may be constituted thereby.
5).

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a vibration member having good vibration radiation characteristics and good design reproducibility.

Further, the wave may be a radio wave, which may constitute a radio wave member.
6).

With this configuration, it is possible to provide a radio wave member having good radio wave radiation characteristics and good design reproducibility.

[0089]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Embodiment 1 [Reflector] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the structure of a reflector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, the reflector 101 has an uneven layer 2 formed on a flat substrate 1 and a reflective film 3 formed on the uneven layer 2.
Is formed. Thus, the reflection film 3 has an uneven shape according to the uneven shape of the surface of the uneven layer 2, and the surface of the reflective film 3 constitutes the surface of the reflector 101.

The uneven layer 2 is made of a photosensitive resin, and after removing a portion where a concave portion is to be formed by a photolithography method, the photosensitive resin is melt-flowed to form a smooth uneven shape on its surface. I have. Reflective film 3
Is formed of a metal film having a high reflectance, and here, is formed of an aluminum film having a thickness of 0.2 μm. In addition,
The reflection film 3 may be made of a metal having a high reflectance, such as silver, in addition to aluminum.

In FIG. 1, the concave portion 4 of the concave and convex shape of the reflective film 3 is indicated by a circle. As shown in FIG.
Are arranged on a substantially spiral track centered on a predetermined point C on the main surface of the substrate 1. This arrangement will be described later in detail. Therefore, in the reflecting plate 101, the concave portions 4 on the surface are arranged according to a predetermined rule, while the surface shape in an arbitrary linear cross section has an irregular uneven shape as shown in FIG. It has become.

In the reflector 101 configured as described above,
When external light enters, it is reflected on the surface of the reflective film 3. At this time, since the surface shape of the reflection film 3 at an arbitrary linear cross section is irregular, interference due to diffraction of reflected light is eliminated.
The reflected light is whitened to obtain good reflection characteristics. In addition, since the concave portions 4 of the reflective film 3 are arranged according to a certain rule, the concave portion 4 can be arranged according to the rule even when the design is changed or the like. It is possible to design This effect will be described later in detail. [Liquid Crystal Display Element] FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. FIG. 3 shows the liquid crystal display element in a transparent manner.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a reflection type liquid crystal display device (hereinafter, simply referred to as a liquid crystal display device) 102 is provided with a reflection plate 101 'arranged so as to oppose at a predetermined interval and a counter substrate (color). A liquid crystal 14 is sandwiched between the liquid crystal 14 and the filter substrate 103.
Are arranged in this order.

The reflection plate 101 'is the above-described reflection plate according to the present embodiment. In this case, however, the reflection plate 101 ′ is provided on the substrate 1 made of, for example, non-alkali glass,
L, the gate line GL, and the switching element 6 connected thereto are formed.
An uneven layer 2 and a reflection film (hereinafter, referred to as a pixel reflection film) 3 ′ are formed on the substrate 1 on which the switching element 6 is formed. Source line SL and gate line G
L is formed in a matrix on the substrate 1, and a region defined by the source line SL and the gate line GL constitutes the pixel 201. The switching element 6 is connected to the pixel 201
It is provided for each. Here, the switching element 6 is configured by a TFT (Thin Film Transistor).
The pixel reflection film 3 ′ is formed so as to be divided for each pixel 201,
It is connected to a terminal 6a of the switching element 6 via a contact hole 7 formed so as to penetrate the uneven layer 2. That is, the pixel reflection film 3 'is arranged for each pixel 201, and constitutes a metal reflection layer of the reflection plate 101' and also constitutes a pixel electrode. Also, as is apparent from FIG.
In the pixel reflection film 3 ′, the concave portions 4 are arranged in a substantially spiral shape with a predetermined point C as a center for each pixel 201.

In the counter substrate 103, a color filter 10 and a common electrode 9 made of a transparent electrode are formed in this order on the inner surface of a substrate 11 made of, for example, non-alkali glass. The symbols 10a, 10b, and 10c are R (red) and G, respectively.
(Green) and B (blue) primary color areas are shown.

Next, the operation of the liquid crystal display element 102 configured as described above will be described. In this liquid crystal display element 102, external light enters from the polarizing plate 13 side, and the polarizing plate 13, the retardation plate 12,
The light sequentially passes through the substrate 11, the color filter 10, the common electrode 9, and the liquid crystal 14, is reflected on the surface of the pixel reflection film 3 ', passes through the above members in reverse order, and exits from the polarizing plate 13 to the outside.
On the other hand, the switching element 6 of each pixel 201 is sequentially turned on by a gate signal input to the gate line GL, and a video signal is transmitted from the source line SL to each pixel 201 in synchronization with the timing.
It is sequentially input to the pixel reflection film 3 'of 201. This allows
A voltage corresponding to the video signal is applied between the pixel reflection film 3 ′ and the common electrode 9, and the reflectivity of the external light in each pixel 201 changes according to the voltage. As a result, an image corresponding to the image signal appears on the eyes of a person who observes the liquid crystal display element 102. At this time, the external light is scattered by the pixel reflection film 3 ′, so that good visibility can be obtained. [Design Method of Reflector] As described above, the reflector 101 of FIG. 1 and the concave portion 4 of the reflector 101 ′ are substantially spirals having a predetermined point C as the center of the spiral based on a predetermined rule. Like
In addition, they are arranged regularly in order in a direction away from the center, and are arranged in a substantially concentric circle. FIG.
This shows an arrangement according to this rule. In FIG. 5, the positions of many points 301 are represented by plane coordinates (polar coordinates). When n is a natural number, each point 301 is centered on the origin of the plane coordinates, the radius r therefrom is proportional to the square root of n, and the phase angle θ is 137.
It is positioned so as to be n times 5 degrees. In FIG. 5, n = 6
Up to the number. More specifically, the first point is that when A is a proportional constant, r = A × √1 = A (μ
m), θ = 137.5 (degrees), the second point is r = A ×
√2 (μm), θ = 2 × 137.5 (degrees), the n-th point is r = A × Δn (μm), θ = n × 137.5
(Degrees). This arrangement shown in FIG. 5 is an arrangement found in nature, such as sunflower seeds.

The angle of 137.5 degrees is mathematically derived from a theory called the Fibonacci sequence. At this angle, it is possible to form a regular arrangement in which the distance between the adjacent points 301 is almost equal. is there. In addition, by arranging the points from the center so as to be proportional to the square root of n, when the points 301 are arranged in order from the center to the periphery, each point 301
Can have substantially the same area occupying the plane coordinates, and can be arranged so that the distance between adjacent points 301 is substantially equal.

The pixel reflection film 3 'of the liquid crystal display element 102 of FIG.
The uneven arrangement is the same as the inside of the area 202 shown in FIG. 1, and is obtained by extracting a plurality of points arranged by the method shown in FIG. 5 and applying an arrangement similar to this to the area of the pixel 201. It was done. From such a thing,
The concave and convex arrangement of the reflector 101 of FIG. 1 and the reflector 101 ′ of FIG.
When the number n is given to the concave portion 4 in the order of the distance from the center C of the helix, the central angle between the nth and the (n + 1) th is a multiple of 137.5 degrees, and the distance from the center of the helix Is an arrangement composed of concave portions 4 proportional to the square root of n.

When irregularities are regularly arranged by this method, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, the same irregularities are not repeatedly arranged in any linear cross section of the reflectors 101 and 101 ′, but various shapes are formed. The present inventors have discovered that combined irregular surface shapes can be formed. As described above, the reflector 101 and the liquid crystal display element 102 each having an arbitrary linear cross section having an irregular surface shape do not interfere with each other because the reflected lights diffracted by the unevenness do not reinforce each other. be able to.

When the proportional constant A is A = 1 (μm), the interval between adjacent concave portions is approximately 1.9 (μm).
Becomes By arbitrarily changing the value of the proportionality constant A, it is possible to arbitrarily design the interval between adjacent concave portions. As described above, the arrangement of the concavities and convexities can be determined by a simple calculation.

When the uneven arrangement is arranged in the pixel 201 as described above, the concave portion may straddle the boundary in the vicinity of the boundary between the region in the pixel 201 and the peripheral region of the pixel 201. In the example of the liquid crystal display element 102 shown in FIG. 3, when the concave portion extends over the boundary of the pixel 201, the concave portion is not formed in principle. It is to be noted that a concave portion may be formed over the boundary instead of the above.

The recesses 4 do not need to be all arranged at points according to the above-described rules.
In addition to the arrangement of the recesses 4
May be arranged. FIG. 14 shows a point C based on the arrangement of FIG.
A concave portion 4a that does not follow the above rules is added to a portion where the concave portion 4 becomes sparse in the vicinity. In this manner, the recesses 4a other than the arrangement of the recesses 4 according to the rules can be added, and the regularly arranged recesses 4 and the arbitrarily arranged recesses 4a can be mixed. At this time, it is preferable that the proportion of the regularly arranged recesses 4 is larger than that of the arbitrarily arranged recesses 4a, and that at least 50% of all the recesses follow the regular arrangement. It is desirable to design the arrangement.

Further, the arrangement of the concave portions may be designed by reducing the number of the concave portions by thinning out the concave portions based on the regular arrangement. FIG. 15 is obtained by removing several recesses based on the arrangement of FIG. Even when the number of concave portions is reduced, it is possible to design a reflection plate in which interference is similarly suppressed.

Further, in the liquid crystal display element 102, only one arrangement according to a rule (hereinafter, referred to as a regular arrangement) is arranged on one pixel reflection film 3 ', but two or more regular arrangements are combined. Thus, one pixel reflection film 3 ′ may be formed. FIG. 16 shows the arrangement of concave portions in a region corresponding to the pixel reflection film 3 ′ in FIG.
This is a combination of different arrangements on the left and right. With this, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

Further, the center of the helix need not necessarily be within the area where irregularities are arranged, as shown in FIG.
The arrangement may be such that the center C of the helix is not in the area where the concave portion 4 is arranged (the area corresponding to the pixel reflection film 3 ′ is shown in the figure).

Further, in the above example, the uneven arrangement is applied to one pixel reflection film 3 ′, but as shown in FIG. 18, the arrangement based on one rule is applied across a plurality of pixel reflection films 3 ′. You may. For example, with respect to all the pixel reflection films 3 ′ of the liquid crystal display element, the concavo-convex arrangement may be a spiral arrangement having one center.

In the above example, the shape of the concave portion is a circle. However, the shape of the concave portion is an arbitrary polygon, that is, an arbitrary triangle including an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle, a rectangle, a square, and a trapezoid. , And similarly, any pentagon, hexagon, and polygon having more corners.

Further, it is preferable that the inclination angle of the surface of the uneven shape with respect to the extending surface of the reflection plate is distributed as much as about 5 to 10 degrees. It is preferable that the number of the concave portions or the convex portions is 10 or more. In addition, the number of concave portions or convex portions is 10 to 30.
It is preferable that the number is about 0, and the diameter of the concave portion or the convex portion is 5
It is preferable that the thickness be from μm to 50 μm. [Method of Manufacturing Reflector and Liquid Crystal Display Element] FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing a method of manufacturing the reflector according to the present embodiment.
(D) is a sectional view of each step showing each step.

In order to manufacture the reflection plate, first, as shown in FIG. 6A, a photosensitive material 2 'made of a positive photosensitive material is applied on the substrate 1 with a thickness of 2.0 μm, and thereafter, Then, mask exposure is performed using a photomask 15 in which a light-transmitting region 15a is formed in a portion where a concave portion is to be formed, and a light-shielding region 15b is formed in other portions. The portion corresponding to is exposed.

Next, the mask-exposed substrate 1 is developed, thereby forming an opening 16 in the photosensitive portion of the photosensitive material 2 'as shown in FIG. 6 (b).

Next, the substrate 1 having the opening 16 formed thereon is formed.
Is heated at the glass transition temperature of the photosensitive material 2 ′ before curing, whereby the photosensitive material 2 ′ is melt-flowed to round the surface and close the opening 16, as shown in FIG. 6 (c). The uneven layer 2 having the unevenness on the surface is formed. Here, the melt flow refers to a property or phenomenon that causes a change in shape, such as rounding of the corner of the surface of the film or flowing of the film on the substrate, when the film is softened by heating.

Next, the substrate 1 on which the uneven layer 2 is formed
At the curing temperature of the photosensitive material to cure the uneven layer 2.

Next, a reflective film 3 made of a metal having a high reflectance is formed on the uneven layer 2 to a predetermined thickness. This allows
The reflection plate 101 is obtained.

Next, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. To manufacture the liquid crystal display element 102, first, the source line SL, the gate line GL, and the switching element 6 are formed on the glass substrate 1 by a well-known photolithography method. Next, on the substrate 1 on which the source line SL, the gate line GL, and the switching element 6 are formed, the uneven layer 2 is formed in the same manner as described above.
To form Thereafter, a metal film having a high reflectivity is formed on the uneven layer 2, and the metal film is etched using a photoresist as a mask to form a reflection film 3 'partitioned for each pixel 201, A contact hole 7 is formed in a portion of the uneven layer 2 which remains without closing the opening. Thereby, the reflection plate 101 ′ is obtained.

On the other hand, the color filter 10 and the common electrode 9 are formed on the glass substrate 11 by a well-known photolithography method.
Are sequentially formed to obtain a counter substrate 103.

Next, the reflecting plate 101 'and the counter substrate 103 are bonded together with a predetermined gap, and the liquid crystal 14 is injected into the gap and sealed. Next, the retardation plate 12 and the deflection plate 13 are sequentially attached to the outside of the counter substrate 103. Thereby, the liquid crystal display element 102 is obtained.

According to the above-described method for manufacturing the reflection plate 101 and the liquid crystal display element 102, unevenness on the surfaces of the reflection plates 101 and 101 'can be easily formed by a photolithography method using a melt flow.

In the photomask 15 used here, a light-transmitting region 15a having a predetermined diameter is formed in a portion corresponding to the concave portion according to the above-described concave and convex arrangement, and the other portion is formed in the light-shielding region 15b.
It is what it was. As a result, the concave portions 4 could be formed on the surfaces of the reflection plates 101 and 101 ′ at positions similar to the light transmitting regions of the photomask 15. When a negative photosensitive material is used as the material for forming the concavo-convex layer 2, a photomask having a configuration in which the light-transmitting region and the light-shielding region are inverted is used.

As described above, according to the photolithography method, since the uneven arrangement is determined depending on the mask pattern of the photomask 15 at the time of exposure, the design of the photomask 15 most determines the reflection characteristics of the reflectors 101 and 101 '. It is an important factor. In the present embodiment, by regularly designing the photomask 15 that affects the reflection characteristics of the reflectors 101 and 101 ′ as described above, this arrangement does not change when the design of the photomask is changed. It has become possible to easily design a reflector having characteristics. Embodiment 2 Embodiment 2 of the present invention shows an example in which the arrangement angle of the concave portion in the substantially spiral arrangement is changed. That is,
In the first embodiment, the concave portions 4 are arranged at every 137.5 degree angle, but the concave and convex arrangement may be designed by setting the angle to another angle instead of the 137.5 degree angle. This angle is 1
FIG. 7 shows an example in the case of 42 degrees. VIII of FIG.
FIG. 8 shows a section taken along the line VIII. In this case, the concave portion 4 of the reflection plate 101 has a substantially spiral arrangement as shown in FIG. 7, and the surface shape in an arbitrary linear cross section is as shown in FIG.
Irregularities having different shapes are continuous. Therefore, interference of reflected light does not occur, and the first embodiment is not performed.
The same effect as described above can be obtained. Third Embodiment A third embodiment of the present invention shows another example in which the angle of arrangement of the concave portions in the substantially spiral arrangement is changed. In the first embodiment, the concave portions 4 are arranged at every 137.5 degree angle, but FIG. 9 shows the concave portion 4 arranged at every 15 degree angle instead of 137.5 degree. In this case, an arrangement in which the recesses 4 are arranged substantially radially is obtained. FIG. 10 shows an XX section of FIG.
FIG. 11 shows a cross section XI-XI. Also in this uneven arrangement, interference of reflected light could be suppressed as in the first embodiment. In the case of the present embodiment, unlike Embodiments 1 and 2, when only looking at the XX section shown in FIG. 10, the pitch of the unevenness is relatively uniform (repeated with a certain regularity). ), There is a possibility that interference of reflected light will occur. However, the cross section XI-XI parallel to the cross section XX shown in FIG. 11 has a different shape from the cross section XX. In such a case, when the specific cross section is viewed, the same
The entire 101 is not perceived as interference by the human eye. This is for the following reason.

That is, the interference of the diffracted light due to the regular unevenness is observed in a plane when the reflection plate 101 is viewed. For this reason, in order for a person looking at the reflection plate 101 to recognize the interference, 1) that the cross-sectional shape of the unevenness in the linear cross section is regular, and 2) the same regularity in the cross section parallel to the above cross section. Two conditions are required: repeated appearance. In the present embodiment, the cross section taken along the line XX shown in FIG.
The above 2) is not satisfied so that the cross-sectional shape of the unevenness is different from the XI-XI cross section. That is, in a reflector having no uneven arrangement that repeats the same regularity in one direction in the reflecting surface, interference cannot be recognized, and interference based on the uneven arrangement can be eliminated. Also, in an arrangement in which such a concavo-convex arrangement is repeated in one direction, the same regularity will appear at the pitch of the repetition, but when the pitch is a certain value or more and the frequency of the repetition is small,
The interference is so small that it is not recognized practically. The pitch that is not recognized as this interference is, according to the inventor's experience, 5 pitches.
0 μm or more. In a high-definition image display device, the arrangement pitch of the pixels is 50 μm. Therefore, even such an uneven arrangement can be sufficiently applied to the reflector of the image display device. Embodiment 4 Embodiment 4 of the present invention is an example in which the arrangement of the above-mentioned concave portions is modified so as not to lose its irregularity.
In the first to third embodiments, an example in which the concave portions are arranged in a substantially spiral shape or a substantially radial shape is shown. However, a substantially elliptical spiral shape or a substantially elliptical shape obtained by reducing or enlarging these arrangements in a specific axial direction is shown. The same effect can be obtained in a configuration in which the concave portions are arranged radially. FIG. 12 shows a substantially elliptical spiral arrangement,
FIG. 13 shows a substantially elliptical radial arrangement.

In the first to fourth embodiments,
Although the arrangement of the concave portions in the concave and convex shape has been described, the same effect can be obtained not only in the concave portions but also in the case where the convex portions are arranged in the same manner and the reflective plate and the reflective liquid crystal display element are configured. .

Further, in the above-described first to fourth embodiments, the arrangement of the substantially spiral shape, the substantially radial shape, the substantially elliptical spiral shape, and the substantially elliptical radial shape has been described. In the reflector having an irregular surface shape, the interference can be eliminated, and the same effect as in the first to fourth embodiments can be obtained. In addition, even if the same irregularities are arranged with regularity when looking at a specific cross section, 1) that the cross-sectional shape of the irregularities in the linear cross section is regular;
2) With a reflector that does not satisfy the two conditions that the same regularity appears repeatedly in a cross section parallel to the above cross section, interference can be eliminated and the same effect as in the first to fourth embodiments can be obtained. it can.

Further, in the above-described first to fourth embodiments, a substantially spiral arrangement based on the arrangement of the concave parts or the convex parts based on the distance from the center of the spiral of the first embodiment (hereinafter referred to as a basic arrangement). Although the shapes, concentric shapes, and radial shapes have been described, the substantially spiral, concentric shapes, and radial shapes are generally usable without being based on this basic configuration. When the spiral, concentric, and radial arrangements are arranged regularly in the radial direction, they are not arranged regularly on a straight line parallel to the arrangement, and the interference conditions 1) and 2) described above are not satisfied. Do not meet. In addition, when they are arranged symmetrically about the center point of the arrangement, the arrangement on two parallel straight lines sandwiching the center point is the same, but even in this case, the arrangement is generally regular. And not even if
This is because, even if it becomes regular, interference is unlikely to occur because the distance therebetween is large. Fifth Embodiment FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 21, in the reflective liquid crystal display device 400 according to the present embodiment, the source line SL and the gate line GL of the liquid crystal display element 102 of the first embodiment are connected by the source drive circuit 402 and the gate drive circuit 403, respectively. It is configured to drive and control the source drive circuit 402 and the gate drive circuit 403 by the signal processing circuit 401. With such a configuration, the liquid crystal display element 102 includes the gate driving circuit 403 and the source driving circuit 402
And changes the transmittance of external light that enters the pixel reflection film and is reflected there. This allows liquid crystal display devices
An image corresponding to the image signal of the source line GL appears in the eyes of a person who observes 400. At that time, the external light is scattered by the pixel reflection film, so that good visibility can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to realize a reflection type liquid crystal display device having good and reproducible reflection characteristics. Further, the reflection type liquid crystal display device may be configured by using the reflection plate having each of the modified examples of the arrangement of the concave portions according to the first embodiment and the reflection plate according to the second to fourth embodiments, and the same effect is obtained. Sixth Embodiment In the first to fifth embodiments, the reflected light is diffracted by the unevenness of the surface of the reflector, and the interference of the diffracted light is suppressed by the regular arrangement of the unevenness. Sex was obtained. The interference of the diffracted light also occurs when the incident light is formed of a plane that reflects, transmits, refracts, and the like. Therefore, the present invention provides an optical member in which not only the unevenness of the reflection plate but also the refractive index and the transmittance are distributed in a plane. It is also effective for suppressing interference of the light.

For example, the present invention can be applied to an optical member that scatters light, that is, a so-called scattering film, or an optical member that attenuates light by arranging a minute region for shielding light on a transparent member. (Embodiment 1) Embodiment 1 of the present invention exemplifies an optical member for scattering light. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of the optical member according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 22, the optical member 503 according to the present embodiment includes an upper layer 502 and a lower layer 501 made of two kinds of transparent materials having different refractive indexes. The interface 504 between the upper layer 502 and the lower layer 501 is the same as in the first to fourth embodiments.
4 has the same concavo-convex shape as the surface of the reflection plate. The upper surface of the upper layer 502 and the lower surface 501a of the lower layer 501 are both flat and formed parallel to each other.

The upper layer 502 and the lower layer 501 are made of glass, nitride film,
A transparent substance such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or a transparent resin such as an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin having a different refractive index can be appropriately selected and used. In this embodiment, the lower layer 501 is made of glass, and the upper layer 502 is made of acrylic resin. In the optical member 503, when light is incident on one of the upper surface 502a of the upper layer 502 and the lower surface 501a of the lower layer 501, the interface 504 between the upper layer 502 and the lower layer 501 causes the upper surface 502a and the lower layer Since it has a surface inclined with respect to the lower surface 501a of 501, the incident light is refracted and scattered at the interface 504.

As described above, due to the inclination of the interface 504, the optical characteristics (in this case, the scattering characteristics) of the optical member 503 in the direction of the observation point change in the extending plane of the optical member 503, and have a large or small distribution. The point at which the optical characteristic becomes maximum or minimum according to the inclination of the interface 504 due to the unevenness is the optical member 50.
3 are arranged in the extension plane. In the present specification, a point at which the optical characteristic takes a maximum value or a minimum value in the plane is called an optical action center. The optical action center is not a point where the maximum value or the minimum value of the entire surface is taken, but a point where the distribution of the characteristic takes an extreme value in a portion where the distribution is like a peak or a valley. In the present embodiment, FIG.
The bottom of the recess at the interface 504 in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
It is. When the optical action centers 505 are regularly arranged, light interference due to diffraction occurs as in the case of the reflector having irregularities shown in the conventional example of FIGS. 19 and 20, and when viewed from a specific direction. In this case, there is a problem that light looks strong or looks colored. However, when trying to arrange the optical action centers randomly to solve the problem,
If the arrangement is not regular, the characteristics of the optical member may change depending on the designer. Therefore, in the case of the optical member 503 of the present embodiment, similarly to the reflectors of the first to fourth embodiments, the optical action center is arranged according to a predetermined rule in the plane, and the optical center on any straight line in the plane is By making the arrangement of the action centers irregular, interference of diffracted light can be suppressed, good scattering characteristics can be obtained, and design with reproducibility can be performed.

Further, by disposing the optical member of the present embodiment on the surface of a reflective display device having a flat metal reflector, reflection of a light source by the metal reflector is suppressed, and good scattering characteristics are obtained. A reflective display device can be provided.

FIGS. 23A to 23D are views showing a method of manufacturing the optical member shown in FIGS. 22A to 22D. FIGS. 23A to 23D are step-by-step sectional views showing respective steps.

To manufacture an optical member, first, FIG.
As shown in (a), a positive-type photoresist 506 is applied on a flat glass substrate 501 ′, and thereafter, a light-transmitting region 15a is formed in a portion where a concave portion is to be formed, and a light-shielding region 15b is formed in other portions. Mask exposure is performed by the formed photomask 15, and thereby, the light transmitting portion 1 of the photoresist 506 is exposed.
Expose the part corresponding to 5b.

Next, the mask-exposed glass substrate
Development is performed on 501 ′, thereby forming an opening 507 in the photosensitive portion of the photoresist 506, as shown in FIG.

Next, using the photoresist 506 as a mask, the glass substrate 501 ′ is etched with hydrofluoric acid, as shown in FIG.
The lower layer 501 is obtained by melting the surface of 501 ′ to form irregularities.

Next, the photoresist 506 is peeled off, and then an acrylic resin is applied on the lower layer 501 and cured,
As shown in FIG. 22D, an upper layer 502 is formed. Thus, the optical member 503 is obtained. As described above, the optical member 503 of this embodiment can be easily obtained by the photolithography method.

Photomask for performing the above mask exposure
15 is designed so that the arrangement of the light-shielding region 15b or the light-transmitting region 15a has a positional relationship similar to a regular arrangement of concentric circles on arbitrary plane coordinates. By doing so, the optical action center of the optical member can be arranged concentrically and regularly, and the effect of the present invention can be obtained. The arrangement of the optical action centers may have a similar positional relationship to an arrangement obtained by symmetrically converting a plurality of points having concentric arrangements on arbitrary plane coordinates. Here, the symmetric transformation refers to any one of a method of rotation at a certain angle around a certain axis, a reflection by a certain straight line, and a parallel movement. Alternatively, it refers to a result obtained by performing a combination of these symmetric transformations.

More specifically, the arrangement of the optical action center is as follows.
Similar to the arrangement of the concave portions or the convex portions described in the first to fourth embodiments, a substantially concentric shape, a substantially spiral shape, a substantially radial shape, a substantially elliptical spiral shape, and a substantially elliptical radial shape can be employed. When the number n is given in the order of the distance from the center of the helix, the central angle between the nth and the (n + 1) th is a multiple of 137.5 degrees, and the distance from the center of the helix to the optical action center is n Can be arranged including a positional relationship proportional to the square root of. (Embodiment 2) FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing the structure of an optical member according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In FIG. 24, an optical member 603 according to the present example has a light-shielding layer 602 that has a large number of minute openings 604 at predetermined positions on a transparent flat substrate 601.
Accordingly, a large number of minute light-transmitting regions that transmit incident light are formed in the opening 604, and a light-shielding region that blocks incident light is formed in other portions. As a result, when light enters the optical member 603, only a part of the light passes through the minute light-transmitting region 604 and the other is blocked by the light-shielding region, so that the amount of light is attenuated. Such an optical member 603 is arranged in front of the light source to attenuate the light intensity of the light source when it is strong. In the optical member 603, incident light can be transmitted according to the area of the minute light transmitting region 604.

Here, when the minute light-transmitting regions 604 are regularly arranged at regular intervals, light diffracted around the minute light-transmitting regions 604 interferes with each other. Similarly, light is strongly transmitted in a specific direction, and the transmitted light is colored. Therefore, the small light transmitting region 604
Are arranged on the main surface of the substrate 601 in accordance with a predetermined rule, and at that time, the optical action centers 605 are arranged irregularly on an arbitrary straight line in the main surface, whereby diffracted light Interference can be suppressed, and good transmitted light without coloring can be obtained.

As is clear from the above description, the optical characteristic in this embodiment is the transmittance. Also, a light shielding layer
602 can be easily formed by a photolithography method. At this time, by designing the photomask in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the optical action center of the optical member can be arranged so as to obtain the effect of the present invention.

Also, in FIG.
Instead of this, an optical member that reflects incident light by attenuating the amount of light can be formed by forming a minute region having a reflective film that reflects incident light.

As in the first and second embodiments, in the optical member having the distribution of the refractive index, the transmittance, the reflectance, and the like as the optical characteristics in the extending plane, the optical action center of each optical characteristic is determined by the present invention. By arranging according to the invention, an effect of suppressing interference of diffracted light can be obtained. Seventh Embodiment A seventh embodiment of the present invention exemplifies various optical apparatuses to which the optical member of the sixth embodiment is applied. That is, by adding display means for displaying to the optical member of the sixth embodiment, the reflection type liquid crystal display device,
A display device such as an L display device can be provided.
Also, by adding a light emitting means to the optical member,
An illumination device which performs surface light emission can be provided. Further, in the optical member, by configuring the optical action centers to be distributed in a pattern to be displayed and adding a light emitting means, it is possible to provide a display panel such as an electric display panel or a traffic sign. Hereinafter, this will be specifically exemplified. (Embodiment 3) FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display device as a display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 25, a reflection type liquid crystal display device 901 according to the present example is a reflection type liquid crystal display device in which the reflection film 3 ′ is formed flat in the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 1 (see FIG. 4). 902, the optical member 503 of Example 1 of Embodiment 6 is arranged on the front surface of the reflective liquid crystal display element 902, and the source line SL and the gate line GL are connected to the source drive circuit 402 and the gate drive circuit 403, respectively. , And the source drive circuit 402 and the gate drive circuit 403 are controlled by the signal processing circuit 401. With such a configuration, the reflective liquid crystal display element 902
Is reflected by the flat reflecting film, but is scattered by the optical member 503 at the time of incidence and reflection, and therefore has wide viewing angle characteristics. Moreover,
The wide viewing angle characteristic has design reproducibility. (Embodiment 4) FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a lighting apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 26, an illuminating device 1001 according to this example has an optical member 503 according to Example 1 of Embodiment 6 arranged before a light emitting unit 1002 including a non-planar light source such as a lamp. . With such a structure, light emitted from the light emitting means 1002 is scattered when passing through the optical member 503, so that it is possible to provide a lighting device which emits surface light with favorable diffusion characteristics. In addition, the characteristics of the surface light emission have reproducibility of the design. (Embodiment 5) FIG. 27 is a front view showing the structure of a display panel according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. In FIG. 27, a display plate 1101 according to this example has an optical member 603 of Example 2 of Embodiment 6 disposed before a light emitting unit 1102, and the optical member 603 has an optical action center in a display pattern 1103. Are configured to be distributed. With such a configuration, the light emitted from the light emitting unit 1102 emits the pattern 1103 of the optical member 603.
The light passes through the small light-transmitting area distributed in the inside, whereby the display pattern 1103 appears to emit light. Therefore, a display plate free from coloring or the like can be provided. In addition, the light emission characteristics of the display pattern have design reproducibility. Embodiment 8 In Embodiments 1 to 7 described above, examples of application of the present invention to optical devices have been described. However, the present invention suppresses interference of diffracted light. Not only light, sound waves,
It is effective regardless of whether it is an electromagnetic wave, a vibration wave, or the like. Therefore,
An acoustic member, a radio wave member, an electromagnetic wave member, and a vibration member to which the present invention is applied can also be configured. That is,
According to the configuration of the present invention, it is possible to provide a member that suppresses waves of a specific cycle or frequency from strengthening each other and exhibits uniform characteristics when the waves are reflected or transmitted. In this specification, the concept of the center of action of waves is used by expanding the concept of the center of action defined in the sixth embodiment. Here, the action center of the wave refers to a point in the plane where the characteristic regarding the wave takes a maximum value or a minimum value in the plane. Therefore, when the wave is a sound, a radio wave, an electromagnetic wave, or vibration, the action center of the wave is the sound action center,
Refers to the radio wave action center, electromagnetic wave action center, and vibration action center.
In addition, the characteristics related to the wave specifically refer to characteristics such as reflection, refraction, and transmission of the wave. Hereinafter, this will be specifically exemplified. (Embodiment 6) FIG. 28 is a front view showing the structure of an acoustic member according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 28, the acoustic member 1111 according to the present embodiment is configured such that a minute reverberation region 1112 for reverberating sound is formed on a surface of a sound absorbing material whose surface absorbs sound. In this acoustic member 1111, a small reverberation area
Depending on the area of 1112, the degree to which the sound reverberates can be controlled. By arranging the acoustic action center in this minute reverberation area similar to the optical action center shown in the sixth embodiment, it is possible to suppress the sound of a specific frequency from strengthening each other and to have uniform acoustic characteristics. An acoustic member can be provided. By providing an acoustic member on the wall or the like of the acoustic room,
A good acoustic room can be constructed. (Embodiment 7) Among waves, radio waves, electromagnetic waves, and vibrations may cause obstacles because waves of a certain frequency reinforce each other in a specific observation direction. For example, in the case of radio waves, there are reception obstacles in which reception of broadcast equipment is mixed, in the case of electromagnetic waves, there are sensitivity failures of image sensors that measure with sensitivity to electromagnetic waves, and in the case of vibrations, there are obstacles such as strong propagation of vibrations in specific directions. By the configuration of the present invention in which regions or characteristics having different characteristics as in the present invention are arranged based on a predetermined rule, it is possible to suppress an obstacle due to wave strengthening, and to provide a member having uniform wave characteristics. Can be provided.

FIG. 29 is a front view showing the structure of an electromagnetic wave member according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, FIG. 30 is a front view showing the structure of a vibration member according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, and FIG. 13 is a front view illustrating a configuration of a radio wave member according to Example 7. FIG. In these drawings, the electromagnetic wave member 1121, the vibration member 1131, and the radio wave member 1141 have a minute electromagnetic action area 1122, a vibration action area 1132, and a minute electric action area 1142 formed in the extending plane, respectively. Micro electromagnetic action area 1122, micro vibration action area
1132, the micro-electrically active region 1142, the electromagnetic wave, vibration, radio wave reflectance, transmittance, refractive index, characteristics such as radiation intensity, respectively, in the extension plane of each member 1121,1131,1141 in the shape of a peak or valley. It is a region that changes, that is, a region near a local maximum point or a region near a local minimum point. The arrangement of the action centers of these minute electromagnetic action area 1122, minute vibration action area 1132, and minute electric action area 1142 is similar to the optical action center shown in the sixth embodiment.

In the first to eighth embodiments, the description has been given of the case where the reflecting plate, the optical member, and the wave member are planar, but they may be curved. That is, when the curvature of the wave source member is large compared to the wavelength of the wave, interference due to wave diffraction occurs. In such a case, the same as when the wave source member is planar. The present invention can be applied to

[0143]

The present invention is embodied in the above-described embodiment, and is capable of suppressing the interference of radiated waves and capable of designing a two-dimensional wave radiating member having constant radiation characteristics. And its manufacturing method, reflection type liquid crystal display device and its manufacturing method, optical member, display device, lighting device,
There is an effect that a display plate and a wave member can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a configuration of a reflector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an arrangement of the reflectors of FIGS. 1 and 3 in accordance with a rule of a concave portion.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a method of manufacturing the reflector of FIG. 1;
(a)-(d) is sectional drawing by process which shows each process.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a configuration of a reflector according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a configuration of a reflector according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken along line XI-XI of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a plan view illustrating a configuration example of a reflector according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing another configuration example of the reflector according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing a modification of the arrangement of the concave portions of the reflector according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a plan view showing another modified example of the arrangement of the concave portions of the reflecting plate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a modification of the arrangement of the concave portions of the pixel reflector of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a plan view showing another modification of the arrangement of the concave portions of the pixel reflector in the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a plan view showing a further modification of the arrangement of the concave portions of the pixel reflector of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a plan view showing an example of a conventional uneven arrangement of reflectors.

20 is a sectional view taken along line XX-XX of FIG.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a reflection type liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view illustrating a configuration of an optical member according to Example 1 of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

23 (a) to 23 (d) are views showing a method for manufacturing the optical member of FIG. 22, and are sectional views showing the respective steps.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of an optical member according to Example 2 of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device as a display device according to Example 3 of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a lighting device according to Example 4 of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a front view showing a configuration of a display panel according to Example 5 of Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a front view showing a configuration of an acoustic member according to Example 6 of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a front view showing a configuration of an electromagnetic wave member according to Example 7 of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a front view showing a configuration of a vibration member according to Example 7 of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a front view showing a configuration of a radio wave member according to Example 7 of Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substrate 2 Concavo-convex layer 3 Reflection film 3 'pixel reflection film 4, 4a recessed part 6 Switching element 6a Connection terminal 7 Contact hole 9 Common electrode 10 Color filter 11 Substrate 12 Phase difference plate 13 Polarization plate 14 Liquid crystal 15 Photomask 15a Transmissive area 15b Shielding area 16 Opening 101,101 'Reflector 102,902 Reflective liquid crystal display element 103 Counter substrate 201 Pixel 202 Area corresponding to pixel reflective film 400,901 Reflective liquid crystal display 401 Signal processing circuit 402 Source drive circuit 403 Gate drive circuit 501 Lower layer 501' Glass substrate 501a Lower surface of lower layer 502 Upper layer 502a Upper surface of upper layer 503,603 Optical member 504 Interface 505,605 Optical active center 506 Photoresist 507 Opening 601 Substrate 602 Light shielding layer 604 Micro light transmitting area 1001 Lighting device 1002 Light emitting means 1101 Display panel 1103 Display pattern 1111 Sound Member 1112 Micro reverberation area 1121 Electromagnetic wave member 1122 Micro electromagnetic action area 1131 Vibration member 1132 Micro vibration action area 1141 Wave member 1142 micro-electro-active area C centers GL gate line SL source line

Claims (56)

[Claims] 1. A reflecting plate having an uneven shape on a surface, wherein at least a part of the concave portion or the convex portion of the uneven shape is arranged according to a predetermined rule, and the uneven shape in an arbitrary linear cross section is irregular. A reflector. 2. A reflector having an uneven shape on the surface, wherein at least a part of the concave portion or the convex portion of the uneven shape is arranged according to a predetermined rule, and is the same as the uneven shape in an arbitrary parallel linear cross section. A reflector characterized by not exhibiting regularity. 3. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the concave and convex shape is arranged in a substantially spiral shape. 4. When a number n is given to a concave portion or a convex portion in the order of distance from the center of the helix, the concave portion or the convex portion whose central angle between the nth and the (n + 1) th is a multiple of 137.5 degrees. The reflecting plate according to claim 3, comprising: 5. When a number n is given to a concave part or a convex part in the order of the distance from the center of the helix, a concave part or a convex part whose distance from the center of the helix to the concave part or the convex part is proportional to the square root of n is included. 4. The reflector according to claim 3, wherein: 6. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the concave and convex shape is regularly arranged in a substantially concentric manner. 7. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the concave and convex shape is substantially radially arranged. 8. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the concave and convex shape is arranged in a substantially elliptical spiral shape or a substantially elliptical radial shape. 9. At least a part of the concave and convex portions of the concave and convex shape is such that n is a natural number on an arbitrary plane coordinate, a radius from the origin of the coordinate is a square root of n, and a phase angle is 137.5 degrees. 3. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the reflector is arranged so as to have a positional relationship similar to a plurality of points on the plane coordinates obtained as a double. 10. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein at least 50% of all the concave portions or the convex portions are arranged according to the predetermined rule. 11. The reflector according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement of the concave portions or convex portions of the concave and convex shape is repeatedly arranged in a matrix. 12. The concave or convex portion of the irregular shape is formed through processing including mask exposure and development using a photomask including a light-shielding region or a light-transmitting region at least a part of which is arranged according to a predetermined rule. The reflecting plate according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting plate is provided. 13. A reflector having a plurality of unit regions having an uneven shape formed on the surface thereof, wherein all of the unit regions have the same uneven shape, and the concave or convex portions of the uneven shape of the certain unit region are provided. A reflector, wherein at least a part thereof is arranged according to a predetermined rule, and the same regularity does not appear in the concavo-convex shape in an arbitrary linear cross section parallel to each other. 14. The reflector according to claim 13, wherein said unit regions are formed on the surface in a matrix. 15. A method for manufacturing a reflector having an uneven shape on the surface, wherein the arrangement of at least a part of the concave portion or the convex portion conforms to a predetermined rule and is irregular in an arbitrary linear cross section. A method for manufacturing a reflector, comprising forming an uneven shape. 16. A mask exposure using a photomask including a light-shielding region or a light-transmitting region arranged at least partially according to a predetermined rule and irregularly on an arbitrary straight line in the arrangement plane. Forming a concave and convex shape having a concave portion or a convex portion on the surface at a position corresponding to the light-shielding region or the light-transmitting region of the photomask on the substrate, and reflecting the concave and convex shape on the surface. The method for manufacturing a reflector according to claim 15, further comprising a step of forming a film. 17. A method for manufacturing a reflector having an uneven shape on the surface, wherein the arrangement of at least a part of the concave portion or the convex portion conforms to a predetermined rule, and has the same regularity in an arbitrary parallel linear cross section. A method for manufacturing a reflector, comprising forming the above-mentioned uneven shape so as not to appear repeatedly. 18. A photomask including a light-shielding region or a light-transmitting region, at least a part of which is in accordance with a predetermined rule, and which is arranged so that the same regularity does not appear on any parallel straight line in the arrangement plane. Performing a process including exposure and development of the used mask, thereby forming a concavo-convex shape having a concave portion or a convex portion on the surface at a position corresponding to the light-shielding region or the light-transmitting region of the photomask on the substrate; 18. The method of manufacturing a reflector according to claim 17, comprising a step of forming a reflective film on the shape. 19. A liquid crystal display comprising: a liquid crystal layer; and a reflector disposed substantially parallel to the liquid crystal layer, wherein external light is reflected to the outside by the reflector via the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer is externally reflected. In a liquid crystal display element configured to be modulatable by an applied voltage, the reflector has an uneven shape on the surface, and at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the uneven shape is arranged according to a predetermined rule, A reflective liquid crystal display device, wherein the irregular shape in an arbitrary linear cross section is irregular. 20. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal layer; and a reflector disposed substantially parallel to the liquid crystal layer. External light is reflected to the outside by the reflector via the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer is externally reflected. In a liquid crystal display element configured to be modulatable by an applied voltage, the reflector has an uneven shape on the surface, and at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the uneven shape is arranged according to a predetermined rule, A reflection type liquid crystal display element, wherein the same regularity does not appear in the concavo-convex shape in any linear cross section parallel to each other. 21. The reflection plate, wherein a reflection film for reflecting the external light is formed on a substrate, and a counter substrate is disposed so as to face the reflection plate with the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween. 21. The reflection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 19, wherein an electrode for modulation is constituted by the reflection film and a common electrode formed on an inner surface of the counter substrate. 22. Mask exposure using a photomask including a light-shielding region or a light-transmitting region arranged at least partially according to a predetermined rule and irregularly on an arbitrary straight line in the arrangement plane. Forming a concave and convex shape having a concave portion or a convex portion on the surface at a position corresponding to the light-shielding region or the light-transmitting region of the photomask on the substrate, and reflecting the concave and convex shape on the surface. Forming a film, so as to face the surface of the substrate on which the reflective film is formed,
A method for manufacturing a reflective liquid crystal display element, comprising: arranging a counter substrate having a common electrode formed on an inner surface thereof; and sealing liquid crystal between the substrate and the counter substrate. 23. A photomask including a light-shielding region or a light-transmitting region, at least a part of which is in accordance with a predetermined rule, and is arranged so that the same regularity does not appear on any parallel straight line in the arrangement plane. Performing a process including exposure and development of the used mask, thereby forming a concavo-convex shape having a concave portion or a convex portion on the surface at a position corresponding to the light-shielding region or the light-transmitting region of the photomask on the substrate; Forming a reflective film on the shape, so as to face the surface of the substrate on which the reflective film is formed,
A method for manufacturing a reflective liquid crystal display element, comprising: arranging a counter substrate having a common electrode formed on an inner surface thereof; and sealing liquid crystal between the substrate and the counter substrate. 24. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal layer; and a reflector disposed substantially parallel to the liquid crystal layer. External light is reflected to the outside by the reflector via the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer is applied from the outside. The reflector has an uneven shape on the surface, at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the uneven shape is arranged according to a predetermined rule, and an arbitrary linear cross section A reflective liquid crystal display device, comprising: a reflective liquid crystal display element having an irregular shape as described in 1 above; and driving means for driving the reflective liquid crystal display element by applying a voltage for modulating the liquid crystal layer. 25. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a liquid crystal layer; and a reflector disposed substantially parallel to the liquid crystal layer. External light is reflected to the outside by the reflector through the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal layer is applied from outside. The reflector is configured so as to be modulatable by the applied voltage, the reflector has an uneven shape on the surface, at least a part of the concave or convex portion of the uneven shape is arranged according to a predetermined rule, and any parallel to each other. A reflective liquid crystal display element in which the same regularity does not appear in the concavo-convex shape in the linear cross section; and a driving unit for driving the reflective liquid crystal display element by applying a voltage for modulating the liquid crystal layer. A reflection type liquid crystal display device comprising: 26. An optical characteristic with respect to an observation point direction changes in a plane, and at least a part of an optical action center where the optical characteristic has a maximum or a minimum is arranged in the plane in accordance with a predetermined rule. An optical member, wherein the arrangement of the optical action centers on an arbitrary straight line is irregular. 27. An optical characteristic with respect to the observation point direction changes in a plane, and at least a part of an optical action center where the optical characteristic has a maximum or a minimum is arranged in the plane in accordance with a predetermined rule. An optical member characterized in that the same regularity does not appear in the arrangement of the optical action centers on any parallel straight lines. 28. The optical system according to claim 28, wherein the optical characteristic changes substantially discontinuously between the minute region centered on the optical action center and the remaining region, and has a substantially constant value in each region. 28. The optical member according to claim 26 or 27. 29. The optical system according to claim 2, wherein at least a part of the optical action center is arranged in a substantially spiral shape.
28. The optical member according to 6 or 27. 30. When the number n is given to the optical action center in the order of the distance from the center of the helix, the optical action center including the center angle between the n-th and the (n + 1) -th is a multiple of 137.5 degrees. 30. The optical member according to claim 29, wherein: 31. When the number n is given to the optical action center in the order of the distance from the center of the helix, the distance from the center of the helix to the optical action center includes an optical action center proportional to the square root of n. The optical member according to claim 29, wherein 32. The optical member according to claim 26, wherein at least a part of the optical action center is regularly arranged substantially concentrically. 33. The optical system according to claim 26, wherein at least a part of the optical action center is arranged substantially radially.
Or the optical member according to 27. 34. The optical member according to claim 26, wherein at least a part of the optical action center is arranged in a substantially elliptical spiral shape or a substantially elliptical radial shape. 35. At least a part of the optical action center is obtained with n being a natural number on an arbitrary plane coordinate, a radius from the origin of the coordinate being a square root of n, and a phase angle being n times 137.5 degrees. 28. The optical member according to claim 26, wherein the optical member is arranged so as to have a positional relationship similar to the plurality of points on the plane coordinates. 36. At least a part of the optical action center has a positional relationship similar to an arrangement obtained by symmetrically transforming a plurality of points regularly arranged concentrically on arbitrary plane coordinates. 28. The optical member according to claim 26, wherein the optical member is disposed at a distance from the optical member. 37. The optical member according to claim 26, wherein the arrangement of the optical action centers is repeatedly arranged in a matrix. 38. The optical member according to claim 26, wherein the optical characteristic is a reflectance. 39. The optical member according to claim 26, wherein the optical characteristic is a refractive index. 40. The optical member according to claim 26, wherein the optical characteristic is transmittance. 41. The optical characteristics in the direction of the observation point change for each of a plurality of unit regions in the plane, and the optical characteristics of all the unit regions are the same, and the optical characteristics in a certain unit region are maximum or minimum. At least a part of the optical action centers is arranged in accordance with a predetermined rule in the plane of the unit area, and the arrangement of the optical action centers on any parallel straight line in the plane of the unit area has the same regularity as each other. An optical member characterized by the fact that does not appear. 42. The optical member according to claim 41, wherein said unit regions are formed in a matrix in a plane. 43. A display means for displaying predetermined information, wherein the display means is arranged on an optical path of light for displaying the information, and an optical characteristic in a direction in which the displayed information is observed changes in a plane. An optical member in which at least a part of the optical action center where the optical property is maximum or minimum is arranged according to a predetermined rule in the plane, and the arrangement of the optical action center on any straight line in the plane is irregular. A display device comprising: 44. A display means for displaying predetermined information, wherein the display means is arranged on an optical path of light for displaying the information, and an optical characteristic in a direction in which the displayed information is observed changes in a plane. At least a part of the optical action centers whose optical characteristics are maximum or minimum are arranged in accordance with a predetermined rule in the plane, and the arrangement of the optical action centers on any parallel straight line in the plane has the same regularity as each other. A display device comprising: an optical member that does not appear. 45. A light emitting means for emitting light, wherein the optical property is arranged on an optical path of the emitted light, and an optical characteristic with respect to a direction in which the displayed information is observed changes in a plane, and the optical characteristic has a maximum or a minimum. An optical member, wherein at least a part of the optical action center to be formed is arranged according to a predetermined rule in the plane, and the arrangement of the optical action center on an arbitrary straight line in the plane is irregular. Lighting equipment. 46. A light-emitting means for emitting light, the light-emitting means being arranged on an optical path of the emitted light, wherein an optical characteristic in a direction in which the displayed information is observed changes in a plane, and the optical characteristic has a maximum or a minimum. An optical member in which at least a part of the optical action center is arranged in accordance with a predetermined rule in the plane, and the same regularity does not appear in the arrangement of the optical action centers on an arbitrary parallel straight line in the plane. A lighting device, comprising: 47. A light-emitting means for emitting light, wherein the light-emitting means is arranged on an optical path of the emitted light, and an optical characteristic in a direction in which the displayed information is observed changes in a plane, and the optical characteristic has a maximum or a minimum. At least a part of the optical action center to be formed is arranged according to a predetermined rule in the plane, the arrangement of the optical action center on an arbitrary straight line in the plane is irregular, and the optical action center is a predetermined display. An optical member arranged so as to be distributed in the pattern. 48. A light-emitting means for emitting light, the light-emitting means being disposed on an optical path of the emitted light, wherein an optical characteristic in a direction in which the displayed information is observed changes in a plane, and the optical characteristic has a maximum or a minimum. At least a part of the optical action centers to be formed is arranged according to a predetermined rule in the plane, and the same regularity does not appear in the arrangement of the optical action centers on an arbitrary parallel straight line in the plane, and the optical A display panel comprising: an optical member arranged so that an operation center is distributed in a predetermined display pattern. 49. A radiation characteristic of a wave changes in a plane, and at least a part of a wave operation center having a maximum or a minimum in the radiation characteristic is arranged in the plane according to a predetermined rule, and an arbitrary part in the plane is defined. A wave member, wherein the arrangement of the wave operation centers on a straight line is irregular. 50. A radiation characteristic of a wave varies in a plane, and at least a part of a wave operation center having a maximum or a minimum in the radiation characteristic is arranged in the plane in accordance with a predetermined rule. A wave member characterized in that the same regularity does not appear in the arrangement of the wave operation centers on straight lines parallel to each other. 51. The radiation characteristic varies substantially discontinuously between a minute region centered on the wave operation center and the remaining region, and has a substantially constant value in each region. 51. The wave member according to claim 49 or 50, wherein 52. At least a part of the wave operation center is regularly arranged concentrically.
The wave member according to any one of the preceding claims. 53. The wave member according to claim 49, wherein the wave is a sound wave, thereby constituting an acoustic member. 54. The wave member according to claim 49, wherein the wave is an electromagnetic wave, thereby forming an electromagnetic wave member. 55. The wave member according to claim 49, wherein the wave is vibration, and the wave member constitutes a vibration member. 56. The wave member according to claim 49, wherein the wave is a radio wave, thereby constituting a radio wave member.