JP2001028066A - Automatic toll collection system for toll road and on- vehicle terminal thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To smoothly and securely communicate information between a IC card and a roadside equipment. SOLUTION: Since the memory in the IC card has a slow access speed, a high-speed memory is provided in an on-vehicle equipment, and collection information in the IC card is temporarily read in the high-speed memory to exchange information on toll collection between the high-speed memory and roadside equipment. After the collection, the collection information in the high-speed memory is moved to the memory in the IC memory. Further, the loaded state of the IC card is continuously checked.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic toll collection system for automatically collecting usage fees on a toll road by communicating with vehicles traveling on the toll road, and a vehicle-mounted terminal used for the system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various types of automatic toll collection systems have been proposed in which gates such as toll gates provided at entrances and exits of toll roads are unmanned, cashless payment of tolls, and non-stop traffic at toll gates are possible. I have. For example, JP-A-7-14043 or JP-A-8-16977
In the automatic toll collection system disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. H11-163, a roadside device is installed at the entrance and exit of a toll road and at a check barrier such as a branch point, and an in-vehicle terminal capable of wireless communication with the roadside device is mounted on a vehicle. And the communication between them, the I removably attached to the in-vehicle terminal
Usage fees are automatically collected from a card-type storage medium such as a C card. In other words, at the entrance,
The roadside device transmits the identification information of the entrance gate, the roadside information such as the passage date and time to the passing vehicle, and stores the information in the memory of the vehicle-mounted terminal mounted on the vehicle. Then, at the exit, the identification information of the entrance gate and the check barrier stored in the memory of the vehicle-mounted terminal of the passing vehicle, and the vehicle-side information such as the vehicle type of the vehicle are transmitted from the vehicle-mounted terminal to the roadside device.
The roadside device calculates the usage fee from the route from the entrance to the exit, and calculates the usage fee from the IC card mounted on the vehicle-mounted terminal.
Charges are collected by the prepaid method, credit method, etc.
As a result, information relating to payment of the usage fee, such as balance information and payment history information, stored in the IC card is rewritten.

[0003]

In the automatic toll collection system using wireless communication as described above, the area where the roadside apparatus and the vehicle-mounted terminal can communicate is set to be as small as about 3 to 5 m in diameter. This is to prevent interference between a roadside device in an adjacent lane and unnecessary communication with a vehicle traveling in another lane. Also, when the vehicle passes under the roadside device at a high speed, the usage fee must be collected correctly. Therefore, communication between the roadside device and the on-board terminal must be performed in a very short time. For example, a vehicle is located at a speed of 8 m / h in a communication area with a diameter of 3 m.
When passing at 0 km, the time available for road-to-vehicle communication is about 1
35 ms.

On the other hand, ISO7 which is widely used in Japan and overseas
The communication between the IC card based on 816 and the IC card terminal is as follows.
In general, it is a serial communication method of 9600 bits / sec.
One character is 11 bits (start bit 1 bit + data 8 bit + parity bit 1 bit + stop bit 1 bit), and transmission of one character requires about 1.1 ms. The IC card has an 8-bit CP.
Since U is widely used, the processing speed is slow, and the time from receiving a command such as data reading from an IC card terminal to returning a response generally requires several tens of milliseconds or more. Normally, it takes about 500 ms to 1 second from the insertion of the IC card into the IC card terminal to the end of the reading of the information necessary for the payment processing. this is,
Generally, an IC card is used for payment processing at a store such as a store, so it may take several seconds from the insertion of the IC card into the IC card terminal to the completion of the payment processing.
This is because the processing performance of the IC card is sacrificed to keep the price of the C card as low as possible. Such I
When a C card is used in an in-vehicle terminal of an automatic toll collection system, after the vehicle enters a communicable area with a roadside device,
If the information required for toll collection was read from the IC card, it would be too late in time. In other words, there is a problem that the payment information read from the IC card passes through the communicable area before transmission to the roadside device is completed.

[0005] Also, ISO 78, which is widely used at present, is used.
A 16-compliant IC card is a contact type and communicates with an IC card terminal through a contact on the IC card. Since the IC card remains inserted in the vehicle-mounted terminal during the traveling of the vehicle, the IC card may be displaced due to vibration or the like during the traveling of the vehicle, and the contact may be poorly contacted. If the user of the in-vehicle terminal does not notice this and passes under the roadside device installed at the entrance, check barrier, exit, etc., the information required for automatic collection of the fee stored in the IC card to the roadside device is sent to the roadside device The data cannot be read from the IC card and transmitted to the roadside device, and automatic collection of the fee becomes impossible. Particularly in the case of an exit gate, the user cannot pass through the exit gate and is guided to the toll gate where the collection staff is present, where the user stops once and pays the fare. There is also an example of illegal use of an IC card. For example, there is a fraudulent act in which a payment record (charge reduction) cannot be recorded on the IC card even though the payment has been made using the IC card.

[0006] The present invention uses a slow-moving IC card such as an ISO7816-compliant IC card.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an automatic toll collection system and an in-vehicle terminal capable of reliably collecting tolls even when a vehicle passes under a roadside device at high speed. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic toll collection system capable of minimizing the occurrence of an error due to poor contact of an IC card contact due to vibration of a vehicle and a vehicle-mounted terminal thereof.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic toll collection system and an in-vehicle terminal capable of detecting unauthorized use of an IC card.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a vehicle-mounted terminal used in an automatic toll collection system for toll roads, which is a card-insertion type vehicle-mounted terminal, and has a higher speed than the access speed of the card. Updating toll roads and toll collection information upon completion of use of toll roads are performed between the memory that received the information in the card and the roadside device, and the result is stored in the card from the memory. An in-vehicle terminal of an automatic toll collection system for a toll road, which is written back in the vehicle, is disclosed.

Further, according to the present invention, after the card is inserted, whether or not the card is inserted is sequentially monitored by the monitoring means,
Disclosed is an in-vehicle terminal in which when a card insertion error is detected, the received information in the memory is erased and a message indicating the insertion error is displayed.

The present invention further provides a vehicle-mounted terminal used in an automatic toll collection system for a toll road, a communication means for communicating with a roadside device installed at an entrance or an exit of a toll road, and a message or a message to a user in the vehicle. Display means for displaying necessary information; card-type storage medium detachably mountable for storing information including toll collection information relating to toll collection; means for detecting mounting of the card-type storage medium; A high-speed memory that reads and temporarily stores information including the received information in the card-type storage medium based on the detection, and determines a mounting state of the card-type storage medium at a predetermined interval after the detection of the mounting by sending a command to the storage medium and determining a response from the response. Monitoring means, and means for updating the collection information in the memory with the completion of use of the toll road via the communication means, based on the normal determination of the mounting state, Means for rewriting the information including the received information in the new memory into the storage medium, and means for deleting the received information in the memory based on the abnormality judgment of the mounting state and displaying a display to that effect on the display means And an on-board terminal of an automatic toll collection system for toll roads.

Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a card type storage medium comprising an IC
A card is disclosed, and a command is disclosed in a vehicle-mounted terminal based on the ISO standard. Further, the present invention provides an in-vehicle terminal that, when a communication request is received from the roadside apparatus via the communication unit during monitoring, performs processing according to the communication request, and continues monitoring again after this processing. Disclose. Further, the present invention discloses an in-vehicle apparatus in which the processing includes transmitting a data item from the memory to the roadside device, rewriting the data item in the memory, and completing the rewriting of the payment information.

[0011] Further, the present invention provides an automatic toll collection system for a toll road, comprising a card insertion type vehicle-mounted terminal and a roadside device provided on the road side, wherein the speed of the access speed of the card is reduced in the vehicle-mounted device. A high-speed memory is provided, and the entry of toll roads and the update of toll information accompanying the completion of use of toll roads are performed between the memory receiving the information in the card and the roadside device, and the results are stored in the memory. The present invention discloses an automatic toll collection system for toll roads, which is written back into a card from a toll road.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an in-vehicle terminal and an IC card mounted on a vehicle according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, an in-vehicle terminal 1 includes a terminal control unit 102 that controls the in-vehicle terminal 1, a communication control unit 103 that is connected to the terminal control unit 102, and controls communication with a roadside device (not shown). An antenna 3 connected to the communication control unit 103 and communicating with the roadside device;
A display device 104 connected to the terminal control unit 102 and transmitting a message by voice and liquid crystal display to a user of the vehicle-mounted terminal; a high-speed memory 105 and an IC card interface 101 connected to the terminal control unit 102
And fixedly mounted on the vehicle body.

The communication control unit 103 has a function of communicating with the roadside device, generates a signal to be transmitted to the roadside device based on a command from the terminal control unit 102, modulates the signal, and transmits the signal via the antenna 3. While transmitting and receiving the signal from the roadside apparatus, demodulating the signal, and transmitting the signal to the terminal control unit 102. The memory 105 includes a non-volatile memory (or a non-volatile memory area; the same applies hereinafter) for storing information unique to the vehicle in which the in-vehicle terminal such as a vehicle number and a vehicle type is mounted, and an automatic toll collection stored in an IC card. (A volatile memory area; hereinafter the same). This volatile memory is a cache memory. IC card interface 1
Reference numeral 01 denotes the terminal control unit 1 which is formed so that the IC card 2 can be detachably attached and detects the detached state of the IC card 2.
02 and a circuit for transmitting and receiving signals to and from the IC card 2 in response to a command from the terminal control unit 102.

The IC card 2 includes ISO 7816-1,
2, 3 and 4, an IC card interface 201 having a physical contact for connecting to the IC card interface 101 of the in-vehicle terminal 1 and a circuit for driving the same, and a CPU 20 for controlling the IC card 2
2 and a non-volatile memory 203. The IC card 2 is formed so as to be detachably attached to the in-vehicle terminal 1, and via the IC card interface 201 and the IC card interface 101 of the in-vehicle terminal 1.
A command / response compliant with ISO7816-3 and 4 can be transmitted to and received from the vehicle-mounted terminal 1. The CPU 202
By controlling the signal transmission / reception operation between the IC card 2 and the in-vehicle terminal 1 and the operation of writing / reading to / from the memory 203, a command conforming to ISO7816-3 and 4 is received and interpreted, a response is generated, and a response is generated. Send to terminal 1. In the memory 203, roadside information such as an entrance, a check barrier, or an exit of a toll road received by the vehicle-mounted terminal 1 through road-to-vehicle communication, monetary information such as balance, usage details information, and the IC card 2 and the vehicle-mounted terminal 1 are identified. The payment information, which is ID information for security and a password for security, is stored. In addition, a prepaid system, a credit system, or the like can be applied as a toll collection system for the IC card 2.

Next, the operation will be described. In-vehicle terminal 1
As in the case of a car audio system or the like, the power is turned on together with the operation of the vehicle engine, and the power is turned off by stopping the engine. Therefore, the power is always turned on while the vehicle is running. When the power is turned on, the in-vehicle terminal 1 performs an initialization process, a self-diagnosis process, and the like according to a command from the terminal control unit 102, and then inserts or removes an IC card or receives a radio wave from a roadside device.
It is in the standby state.

FIG. 2 shows an operation when the IC card 2 is inserted into or detached from the vehicle-mounted terminal 1. IC card 2
Is inserted into the in-vehicle terminal 1, the insertion is detected by the IC card interface 101 and transmitted to the terminal control unit 102. The terminal control unit 102 recognizes this, and in S40
The processing after 1 is started. The terminal control unit 102 supplies a power supply, a clock signal, and the like to the IC card 2 and
The IC card 2 is activated (operated) by executing the activation sequence specified in (2) (S402). At this time, a mutual authentication process for confirming whether the in-vehicle terminal 1 and the IC card 2 are not forged, or
Authentication using a password for confirming that the user of the C card 2 is valid may be performed. Next, the terminal control unit 102 transmits a read command to the IC card 2,
The payment information in the IC card 2 is read and stored in the payment information cache area in the memory 105 (S403). Thereafter, the terminal control unit 102 transmits a command to the IC card 2 (S404). This is to confirm that the IC card 2 is correctly inserted into the vehicle-mounted terminal 1,
READ RECORDER specified in O7816-4
D command, SELECT FILE command and the like can be used. This command format is shown in FIG. 4 (i), and the configuration of the command is shown in FIGS. 4 (iii) and (iV). The terminal control unit 102 receives the processing result for this command from the IC card 2 (S405), and determines whether the command processing result is correct (S406). This is ISO781
The processing result is correctly transferred without a transfer error according to the command transfer protocol (T = 0, T = 1, etc.) of the IC card specified in No. 6 and the processing ends normally (specified in ISO7816 in the processing result) Status SW1 is 6
1) is determined to be correct. The format (response format) of such processing is shown in FIG. If the result is correct, it can be determined that the physical connection between the IC card interface 101 and the IC card 2 is correct and / or that the IC card has not been exchanged improperly, so the flow returns to S404 and the card check confirmation processing is continued again. . This check operation of the card check is continuously performed. If the result is incorrect, or if there is no response from the IC card 2, it is determined that the physical connection between the IC card interface 101 and the IC card 2 is abnormal or that the IC card has been illegally exchanged. The payment information in the payment information cache is deleted (S407), a message is displayed to the user of the in-vehicle terminal via the display device 104 to insert the IC card again (S408), and the process returns to the standby state (S409). There is also a method in which a flag indicating an abnormality, unauthorized exchange, or the like is added to the area to temporarily compare it with another area without erasing the payment information. Then, it is used on a monitor or the like thereafter.

When IC card ejection is detected by the IC card interface 101, the terminal control unit 102 deactivates the IC card by cutting off the power supply and clock signal supplied to the IC card (S411). Then, the payment information in the payment information cache in the memory 105 is deleted (S407), a message is displayed through the display device 104 to the user of the in-vehicle terminal to insert the IC card again (S408), and the process returns to the standby state (S409). ).

FIG. 3 shows a processing flow when the in-vehicle terminal 1 receives a command from the roadside device. Here, the commands from the roadside device include a data transmission request to the roadside device, a settlement information update request, a road-to-vehicle communication end request (or end report), and the like. If a command is received from the roadside apparatus while the loop of S404 to S406 is being executed, this loop is temporarily interrupted, and the processing from S501 is executed.
The execution of the loop of S404 to S406 is resumed without returning to the standby state of 509.

The terminal control unit 102 detects whether the IC card 2 is inserted through the IC card interface 101 (S502). If the IC card 2 is inserted and the payment information has been read into the payment information cache in the memory 105, the process proceeds from S502 to S503. Otherwise, an error is transmitted to the roadside device (S508). When receiving the error, the roadside device guides the vehicle to the toll gate where the toll collector is located. Next, the terminal control unit 102 determines the type of the command received from the roadside device (S503). The command is DATA-GE
If the command is a T command, the request is a data transmission request to the roadside device. Therefore, the terminal control unit 102 transmits the data item specified by the roadside device from the payment information in the payment information cache in the memory 105 via the communication control unit 103 and the antenna 3 to the roadside device. The data is transmitted to the device (S504). The command is DAT
In the case of the A-SET command, since the payment information is a request for updating the payment information, the terminal control unit 102 transmits the data item specified by the roadside device in the payment information in the payment information cache in the memory 105 with the data received from the roadside device. Update (S505). If the command is a DATA-END command, indicating the end of road-vehicle communication, the terminal control unit 102 checks whether the contents of the payment information cache in the memory 105 have been updated (S506). This is done, for example, by setting a flag for each data item in the payment information cache and reading the payment information from the IC card 2 (S
The flag is cleared in 403), and the flag of the updated data item is set when the data item is updated (S505). In S506, it is possible to determine which data item has been updated by checking the flag of each data item. When the data item of the payment information in the payment information cache has been updated, only the updated data item is written back to the IC card 2 (S507), and then the process returns to the standby state (S509). This process is performed after the vehicle has passed the exit tollgate. However, when a command is received from the roadside apparatus during execution of the loop of S404 to S406 and the loop is temporarily interrupted, the loop processing (that is, card check) is restarted without returning to the standby state.

If NO is determined in S406, the IC card interface 101 and I
Since it can be determined that the physical connection between the C cards 2 has become defective, or that the IC card has been removed or replaced by an illegal method, it is essential to perform S407. If S407 is not performed, the payment information cache in the memory 105 stores I
Since the settlement information read from the IC card when the C card is inserted is stored, S502 is determined to be YES when passing through the exit tollgate, and the exchange of the data items with the roadside apparatus is performed when the IC card is correctly inserted. The same is done when you are. As a result, even if the IC card is not correctly inserted in this vehicle, no error is detected at the exit tollgate and the vehicle can pass normally. After passing through the exit tollgate, when performing S507, an error occurs in writing to the IC card, and the payment information cannot be correctly written back to the IC card. In the case of the prepaid system, as a result, the balance information is not correctly updated.

For example, the user of the in-vehicle terminal can modify the IC card interface 101 so that the IC card interface 101 cannot detect the ejection of the IC card. And I in front of the exit tollgate
If the C card is pulled out, there is a problem that the toll gate can be normally passed and the balance information in the IC card is not correctly updated as described above. When an abnormality is detected in S406, the settlement information in the settlement information cache is immediately deleted in S407, so that when passing through the exit tollgate, NO is determined in S502, and the roadside device detects an error in the processing in S508. Can be
This vehicle can be guided to the toll gate where the toll collector is located. Therefore, even in the case of the prepaid system, the fee can be reliably collected.

FIG. 4 shows commands used in S404. FIG. 4 (i) shows a command transmitted to the IC card, and FIG.
(Ii) shows a format of a response which is a processing result received from the IC card. Both are defined in ISO7816. In order to execute S404, two types of commands specified by ISO7816 can be used. FIG. 4 (iii) shows a case where the SELECT FILE command is used. The DF name in which the settlement information in the IC card is stored is passed to the parameter of the command.
Select F. If the selection can be made normally, SW1 = 61 can be received as a response. FIG. 4 (iV) shows READ R
This is the case where the ECORD command is used. Using this command, the EF storing the settlement information in the IC card is read. If the data can be read normally, SW1 = 61 can be received as a response.

According to the present embodiment, when the toll collection process is performed by communicating with the roadside device, the payment information read from the memory in the vehicle-mounted terminal when the IC card is inserted is not read out from the IC card. By using the information, the usage fee is correctly collected even when the vehicle passes under the roadside device at a high speed. Also, by sending a command to the IC card at regular intervals and confirming that the response received from the card-type storage medium is correct, unauthorized removal and replacement of the IC card, and communication between the in-vehicle terminal and the IC card can be performed. An abnormality in physical connection can be detected and notified to the user.

It is convenient to integrate the in-vehicle device with an operation terminal device of a car navigation system or a car audio system.

Although the example of the ISO standard has been described as the command, other commands can be applied. Furthermore, I
Although the C card conforms to the ISO standard, there may be other examples.

[0026]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Using a slow-moving IC card, even if the vehicle passes under the roadside device at a high speed, the toll can be automatically collected without fail, and errors due to poor contact of the IC card contacts due to vibration of the vehicle are minimized. It is possible to realize an in-vehicle terminal of an automatic toll collection system that can suppress the cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an in-vehicle terminal and an IC card according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an operation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 when an IC card is attached / detached.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation at the time of receiving a roadside command according to the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a format of an IC card command and response according to the embodiment of FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 In-vehicle terminal 2 IC card 3 Antenna 101 IC card interface 102 Terminal control unit 103 Communication control unit 104 Display device 105 Memory 201 IC card interface 202 CPU 203 memory

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Sakamoto 292 Yoshida-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture F-term in the Digital Media Development Division, Hitachi, Ltd. 5H180 AA01 BB04 BB12 EE10 FF33

Claims (7)

[Claims] Claims: 1. An in-vehicle terminal mounted on a vehicle for use in an automatic toll collection system for a toll road, which is a card insertion type in-vehicle terminal, in which a memory that is faster than the access speed of the card is provided. Updating of toll collection information, etc. accompanying entry into the road and completion of use of the toll road is performed between the memory that has received the information in the card and the roadside device, and the result is written back from the memory to the card. In-vehicle terminal of the automatic toll collection system for roads. 2. After the card is inserted, whether or not the card is inserted is sequentially monitored by a monitoring means. If a card insertion error is detected, the received information in the memory is deleted.
2. The in-vehicle terminal according to claim 1, wherein a display indicating that the insertion is abnormal is performed. 3. A vehicle-mounted terminal used in an automatic toll collection system for a toll road, comprising: a communication means for communicating with a roadside device installed at an entrance or an exit of a toll road; A card-type storage medium that is detachably mountable and stores information including toll collection information, a means for detecting the mounting of the card-type storage medium, and A high-speed memory that reads and temporarily stores information including the received information in the card-type storage medium, and a mounting state of the card-type storage medium at predetermined intervals after the detection of the mounting,
Monitoring means for sending a command to the storage medium and judging from the response, and means for updating the collection information in the memory with the completion of use of the toll road via the communication means based on the normal judgment of the mounted state. Means for rewriting the information including the received information in the updated memory in the storage medium, and deleting the received information in the memory based on the abnormality judgment of the mounted state, and displaying a display to that effect on the display means. And a vehicle-mounted terminal of an automatic toll collection system for toll roads. 4. The in-vehicle terminal according to claim 3, wherein the card-type storage medium is an IC card, and the command is based on an ISO standard. 5. When a communication request is issued from the roadside device via the communication means during the monitoring, processing is performed in accordance with the communication request, and after the processing, monitoring is continued again. 1. In-vehicle terminal. 6. The above processing includes transmitting a data item from the memory to the roadside device, rewriting a data item in the memory,
6. The in-vehicle device according to claim 5, further comprising a settlement information rewriting end process. 7. An automatic toll collection system for a toll road, comprising: a card insertion type in-vehicle terminal; and a roadside device provided on a road side, wherein a speed higher than an access speed of the card is provided in the in-vehicle device. A memory is provided, and updating of toll information and the like upon entry to a toll road and completion of use of a toll road is performed between the memory receiving the information in the card and the roadside device, and the result is transferred from the memory to the roadside device. Automatic toll collection system for toll roads written back to