JP2000205525A - Low-pollution combustion method and device used therefor - Google Patents
Low-pollution combustion method and device used thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000205525A JP2000205525A JP11002889A JP288999A JP2000205525A JP 2000205525 A JP2000205525 A JP 2000205525A JP 11002889 A JP11002889 A JP 11002889A JP 288999 A JP288999 A JP 288999A JP 2000205525 A JP2000205525 A JP 2000205525A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- combustion
- low
- waste
- pollution
- exhaust gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、都市ゴミ焼却炉，
産業廃棄物焼却炉，汚泥焼却炉等の一般・産業廃棄物を
燃焼する各種焼却炉の低公害燃焼方法及びそれに用いる
装置に関し、特に排ガス中に含有される窒素酸化物の生
成やダイオキシン類等の塩素化芳香族化合物の生成及び
再合成を抑制する技術に関する。The present invention relates to an incinerator for municipal waste,
Low-pollution combustion methods for various types of incinerators, such as industrial waste incinerators and sludge incinerators, that burn general and industrial wastes, and the equipment used therefor, in particular, the production of nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas and the use of dioxins The present invention relates to a technique for suppressing generation and resynthesis of chlorinated aromatic compounds.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】都市ゴ
ミ焼却炉，産業廃棄物焼却炉，汚泥焼却炉等の各種焼却
炉から排出される排ガス中には、焼却対象物の種類や焼
却条件によって、窒素酸化物の他、ダイオキシン類やＰ
ＣＢ類に代表される有害な塩素化芳香族化合物、高縮合
度芳香族炭化水素等の有害物質が含有されることがあ
り、環境ホルモンとして人体や動植物に被害をもたら
し、自然環境を破壊するものとして、深刻な社会問題化
している。2. Description of the Related Art Exhaust gas discharged from various incinerators, such as municipal garbage incinerators, industrial waste incinerators, and sludge incinerators, depends on the types of incineration objects and incineration conditions. , Nitrogen oxides, dioxins and P
Hazardous substances such as harmful chlorinated aromatic compounds represented by CBs and highly condensed aromatic hydrocarbons may be contained, causing damage to the human body, animals and plants as environmental hormones, and destroying the natural environment. As a serious social problem.
【０００３】図３に従来の廃棄物焼却設備の概略を示
す。図３に示すように、に供給される廃棄物（被焼却
物）０１は焼却炉０２に定量的に供給され、８００℃以
上で滞留時間が２秒以上として、外気と遮断された状態
で燃焼され、燃焼された焼却灰０３は焼却灰貯留設備０
４に移行され、一方の排ガス０５は排ガス冷却設備０６
に移行され、ここで２００℃以下に冷却された後、後流
側に設けた除塵手段を有する排ガス処理設備０７におい
て、煤塵の除去と共に、ダイオキシン類を分解除去し、
その後煙突０８から排出されている。この排ガス処理設
備１７の処理方法としては、排出ガス中のダイオキシン
等の有機塩素化合物の除去方法として、例えば活性炭吸
着法，熱分解法，接触分解法等の種々の方法が提案され
ており、その中でも触媒を用いる接触分解法は、灰処理
や排水処理が不要となるため、効率的な除去方法である
と考えられる。FIG. 3 schematically shows a conventional waste incineration facility. As shown in FIG. 3, the waste (incinerated material) 01 supplied to the incinerator is quantitatively supplied to an incinerator 02, and is kept at 800 ° C. or more at a residence time of 2 seconds or more, and is burned in a state in which it is cut off from outside air. The incinerated ash 03 that has been burned is burned to the incineration ash storage facility 0.
The exhaust gas 05 is transferred to the exhaust gas cooling facility 06.
After being cooled to 200 ° C. or lower, in the exhaust gas treatment equipment 07 having dust removing means provided on the downstream side, dioxins are decomposed and removed together with dust removal,
After that, it is discharged from the chimney 08. As a method for treating the exhaust gas treatment equipment 17, various methods such as an activated carbon adsorption method, a thermal decomposition method, and a catalytic cracking method have been proposed as a method for removing organic chlorine compounds such as dioxin in exhaust gas. Above all, the catalytic cracking method using a catalyst is considered to be an efficient removal method because ash treatment and wastewater treatment are not required.
【０００４】しかしながら、従来提案された接触分解法
における触媒は、活性が低いため多量の触媒を必要とす
る問題があった。また、所定量の触媒でダイオキシン類
を分解するためには、排ガスを高温に加熱する必要があ
り、加熱に要する費用は膨大なものになる。さらに、燃
焼排ガス中に含まれている窒素酸化物，硫黄酸化物，重
金属を含むダスト類により、触媒の耐久性に欠けるとい
う問題点も有していた。[0004] However, the catalyst in the catalytic cracking method proposed hitherto has a problem that a large amount of catalyst is required due to its low activity. Further, in order to decompose dioxins with a predetermined amount of catalyst, it is necessary to heat the exhaust gas to a high temperature, and the cost required for heating becomes enormous. Further, there is a problem that the durability of the catalyst is lacked due to dusts containing nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and heavy metals contained in the combustion exhaust gas.
【０００５】また、ダイオキシン類は焼却炉内での８０
０℃以上の高温時においては熱分解されるが、微量成分
であるが為に、完全分解が難しく、またダイオキシン類
前駆体として炉から排出されたり、さらに、ガス冷却設
備１６を通過した後、排ガス処理設備１７の除塵手段等
で除塵する場合に、４００℃以下の低温領域ではダイオ
キシン類の再生成がなされる場合があり、問題となる。[0005] Dioxins are also used in incinerators.
At a high temperature of 0 ° C. or higher, it is thermally decomposed, but because it is a trace component, it is difficult to completely decompose it, and it is discharged from a furnace as a dioxin precursor, and further after passing through a gas cooling facility 16, When dust is removed by the dust removing means of the exhaust gas treatment equipment 17, regeneration of dioxins may occur in a low temperature region of 400 ° C. or lower, which is a problem.
【０００６】本発明は、上記問題に鑑み、廃棄物の燃焼
場所でのダイオキシン類及び窒素化合物等の発生を抑制
及びその再合成を抑制し、クリーンな排ガスを排出する
ことができる低公害燃焼方法及びそれに用いる装置を提
供することを課題とする。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a low-pollution combustion method capable of suppressing generation of dioxins and nitrogen compounds at a waste combustion site, suppressing resynthesis thereof, and discharging clean exhaust gas. Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus used for the apparatus.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記課題を解決する本発
明の［請求項１］の発明は、廃棄物を高温で燃焼する方
法において、発生する塩素ガスを塩化水素ガスに変換し
て、塩素化芳香族化合物の生成及び再生成を抑制し得る
抑制剤を、廃棄物中若しくは燃焼炉内に供給し、７００
℃以上の高温燃焼場にて燃焼することを特徴とする。According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for burning waste at a high temperature, comprising converting a generated chlorine gas into a hydrogen chloride gas to obtain a chlorine gas. An inhibitor capable of suppressing the generation and regeneration of the fluorinated aromatic compound in waste or in a combustion furnace,
It is characterized in that it burns in a high-temperature combustion field of at least ℃.
【０００８】［請求項２］の発明は、請求項１におい
て、上記抑制剤が硫酸アンモニウム，チオフェン等の有
機硫黄化合物，硫化水素，硫化鉄，硫黄の少なくとも一
種であることを特徴とする。[0008] The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the inhibitor is at least one of organic sulfur compounds such as ammonium sulfate and thiophene, hydrogen sulfide, iron sulfide and sulfur.
【０００９】［請求項３］の発明は、請求項１又は２に
おいて、被処理物中の塩素含有量に対して、Ｃｌ／Ｓモ
ル比で0.２〜１０であることを特徴とする。The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in claim 1 or 2, the Cl / S molar ratio is 0.2 to 10 with respect to the chlorine content in the object to be treated.
【００１０】［請求項４］の発明は、請求項１におい
て、上記塩素化芳香族化合物がダイオキシン類又はダイ
オキシン類前駆体であることを特徴とする。The invention of claim 4 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the chlorinated aromatic compound is a dioxin or a dioxin precursor.
【００１１】［請求項５］の発明は、廃棄物を高温で燃
焼する燃焼装置において、燃焼中に発生する塩素ガスを
塩化水素ガスに変換して塩素化芳香族化合物の生成及び
再生成を抑制する抑制剤を供給する抑制剤供給手段を燃
焼室若しくは廃棄物供給設備に備えたことを特徴とす
る。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in a combustion apparatus for burning waste at a high temperature, chlorine gas generated during combustion is converted into hydrogen chloride gas to suppress generation and regeneration of chlorinated aromatic compounds. The combustion chamber or the waste supply facility is provided with a suppressor supply means for supplying the suppressor.
【００１２】［請求項６］の発明は、請求項５におい
て、上記抑制剤が硫酸アンモニウム，チオフェン等の有
機硫黄化合物，硫化水素，硫化鉄，硫黄の少なくとも一
種であることを特徴とする。The invention of claim 6 is characterized in that, in claim 5, the inhibitor is at least one of organic sulfur compounds such as ammonium sulfate and thiophene, hydrogen sulfide, iron sulfide and sulfur.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施形態を説明す
るが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
【００１４】本発明は、廃棄物を高温で燃焼する方法に
おいて、発生する塩素ガスを塩化水素ガスに変換して塩
素化芳香族化合物の生成及び再生成を抑制する抑制剤を
廃棄物の燃焼場所である燃焼炉若しくは廃棄物供給設備
（例えば供給ライン）に供給しつつ７００℃以上の高温
燃焼場にて燃焼するものである。The present invention relates to a method for burning waste at a high temperature, wherein an inhibitor for suppressing generation and regeneration of chlorinated aromatic compounds by converting generated chlorine gas into hydrogen chloride gas is provided. And burns in a high-temperature combustion field of 700 ° C. or more while being supplied to a combustion furnace or a waste supply facility (for example, a supply line).
【００１５】上記燃焼炉若しくは廃棄物供給設備に抑制
剤を供給する方法としては、本発明では特に限定される
ものではないが、被焼却物である廃棄物から発生する塩
素ガス（Ｃｌ2 ）等と効率的に接触するために、該抑制
剤を粉体又は水溶液状態で焼却炉に噴霧するか、若しく
は廃棄物供給設備内で均一混合するようにすればよい。The method for supplying the suppressant to the combustion furnace or the waste supply facility is not particularly limited in the present invention, but includes chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) generated from waste as incineration material. In order to make efficient contact with the incinerator, the inhibitor may be sprayed in the form of a powder or an aqueous solution into an incinerator, or may be uniformly mixed in a waste supply facility.
【００１６】また、本発明において高温燃焼場とは７０
０℃以上の高温燃焼される炉内をいい、好ましくは７５
０℃以上、特に好ましくは８５０℃前後で燃焼するのが
よい。これは７００℃未満の温度では本発明のダイオキ
シン類の生成及び再合成の抑制効果が発揮されないから
である。In the present invention, a high-temperature combustion field is defined as 70
It refers to the inside of a furnace where high temperature combustion of 0 ° C. or more is performed, preferably 75
It is preferable to burn at 0 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably around 850 ° C. This is because, at a temperature lower than 700 ° C., the effect of suppressing the generation and resynthesis of the dioxins of the present invention is not exhibited.
【００１７】本発明で上記抑制剤とは、発生する塩素ガ
スを塩化水素ガスに変換して塩素化芳香族化合物の生成
及び再生成を抑制する作用を奏するものであれば特に、
限定されるものではないが、例えば硫酸アンモニウム
（硫安）、チオフェン，チオトレン，チオキセン，チオ
ナフテン，チオフテン等の有機硫黄化合物，硫化水素，
硫化鉄，硫黄等を例示することができ、これらを単独又
は混合して添加するようにしている。In the present invention, the term "inhibitor" means, in particular, any one capable of converting generated chlorine gas into hydrogen chloride gas to suppress the production and regeneration of chlorinated aromatic compounds.
Examples include, but are not limited to, ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate), organic sulfur compounds such as thiophene, thiotrene, thioxene, thionaphthene, thiophthene, hydrogen sulfide,
Examples thereof include iron sulfide and sulfur, and these are added alone or in combination.
【００１８】上記抑制剤では、硫酸アンモニウム（硫
安）を用いるのが特に好ましい、これは、硫酸アンモニ
ウムは後述するように、硫黄源とアンモニア源とを同時
に供給することができ、ダイオキシン類の生成及び再合
成の抑制効果と、窒素酸化物の分解とを同時に達成する
ことができ、しかも低コストで抑制効果を発揮する点で
特に好ましいからである。In the above inhibitor, it is particularly preferable to use ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate). As described later, ammonium sulfate can simultaneously supply a sulfur source and an ammonia source, and produces and resynthesizes dioxins. This is because it is particularly preferable in that the effect of suppressing nitrogen oxides and the decomposition of nitrogen oxides can be achieved at the same time, and the effect of suppressing the effect is exhibited at low cost.
【００１９】例えば燃焼場に硫安を供給（噴霧）し、該
硫安分解温度（１２０℃）を確保し、下記反応式のよう
に、有機塩素化合物の生成を抑制すると共に、窒素酸化
物の低減化を同時に達成することができる。For example, ammonium sulfate is supplied (sprayed) to a combustion field to secure the ammonium sulfate decomposition temperature (120 ° C.), to suppress the production of organic chlorine compounds and to reduce nitrogen oxides as shown in the following reaction formula. Can be achieved simultaneously.
【００２０】１２０℃以上での硫安分解反応を下記(1)
式に示す。 （ＮＨ4)2 ＳＯ4 →２ＮＨ3 ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ＋ＳＯ3 …(1) 燃焼場でのフレーム内は還元状態であると共に、下記式
での高温平衡反応等により、ＳＯ2 が生成する。 ２ＳＯ3 →２ＳＯ2 ＋Ｏ2 …(2) ２ＳＯ3 ＋２ＣＯ→２ＳＯ2 ＋２ＣＯ2 …(3) ＳＯ3 ＋Ｈ2 →ＳＯ2 ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ …(4)The ammonium sulfate decomposition reaction at 120 ° C. or higher is represented by the following (1)
It is shown in the formula. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 → 2NH 3 + H 2 O + SO 3 (1) The flame in the combustion field is in a reduced state, and SO 2 is generated by a high-temperature equilibrium reaction of the following equation. 2SO 3 → 2SO 2 + O 2 (2) 2SO 3 + 2CO → 2SO 2 + 2CO 2 (3) SO 3 + H 2 → SO 2 + H 2 O (4)
【００２１】一方、ダイオキシン類の生成のためには、
塩化水素( ＨＣｌ) は無効であるが、ディーコン反応
（deacon reaction process)により（下記(5)式参照、
触媒:ＣｕＣｌ2 等）、生成した排ガス中の塩素ガス
（Ｃｌ2 ）が、核塩素化反応により、フェノール化合物
（Ｃ6 Ｈ5 ＯＨ）等からクロルベンゼン（Ｃ6 Ｈ5 Ｃ
ｌ）を生成させることとなる。 ２ＨＣｌ＋1/2 Ｏ2 →Ｃｌ2 ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ …(5)On the other hand, for the production of dioxins,
Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is ineffective, but due to the deacon reaction process (see equation (5) below,
Catalyst: CuCl 2 etc.) and chlorine gas (Cl 2 ) in the generated exhaust gas is converted from phenol compounds (C 6 H 5 OH) and the like to chlorobenzene (C 6 H 5 C) by a nuclear chlorination reaction.
1) will be generated. 2HCl + 1/2 O 2 → Cl 2 + H 2 O (5)
【００２２】このクロルベンゼンが重縮合することによ
り、高温場でのダイオキシン類の生成や高温（８５０℃
以上）で分解されたダイオキシン類が後流側で再合成さ
れることとなる。このため、ダイオキシン類の生成を抑
制させるために、上記ディーコン反応の原料となる塩化
水素や核塩素化反応に寄与するＣｌ2 量を低減化させる
ことが有効である。そこで、本発明では、抑制剤として
硫安を燃焼場に供給（噴霧）して、ダイオキシン類の再
合成反応に寄与する物質（塩化水素，塩素ガス等）を分
解し、塩素ガスを消失させることとした。The polycondensation of this chlorobenzene results in the formation of dioxins in a high temperature field and the formation of dioxins at a high temperature (850 ° C.).
The dioxins decomposed in the above) are resynthesized on the downstream side. Therefore, in order to suppress the generation of dioxins, it is effective to reduce the amount of hydrogen chloride which is a raw material of the Deacon reaction and the amount of Cl 2 which contributes to the nuclear chlorination reaction. Therefore, in the present invention, ammonium sulfate is supplied (sprayed) to the combustion field as an inhibitor to decompose substances (hydrogen chloride, chlorine gas, etc.) contributing to the resynthesis reaction of dioxins, thereby eliminating chlorine gas. did.
【００２３】本発明のダイオキシン類の生成及び再合成
の抑制メカニズムを以下に示す。 ＨＣｌ＋ＮＨ3 →ＮＨ4 Ｃｌ …(6) Ｃｌ2 ＋ＳＯ2 ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ→ＳＯ2 ＋２ＨＣｌ …(7) Ｃｌ2 ＋２ＮＨ3 ＋1/2 Ｏ2 →２ＨＣｌ＋Ｈ2 Ｏ＋Ｎ2 …(8) なお、上記塩化アンモニウムは３３８℃以上では昇華さ
れ、ガス体として存在する。以上のような反応により、
燃焼場所，煙道でのダイオキシン類等の大幅な生成抑制
が可能となる。更に、燃焼場所に噴霧された若しくは廃
棄物供給設備に供給された硫安から分解生成するアンモ
ニア（ＮＨ3 ）は、以下の反応によりＮＯ還元に有効で
あり、窒素化合物の同時分解（無触媒脱硝）も可能とな
る。 ４ＮＨ3 ＋４ＮＯ＋Ｏ2 →４Ｎ2 ＋６Ｈ2 Ｏ …(9)The mechanism of inhibiting the production and resynthesis of the dioxins of the present invention is described below. HCl + NH 3 → NH 4 Cl (6) Cl 2 + SO 2 + H 2 O → SO 2 + 2HCl (7) Cl 2 + 2NH 3 +1/2 O 2 → 2HCl + H 2 O + N 2 (8) The above ammonium chloride is 338. Above ° C, it sublimates and exists as a gas. By the above reaction,
The generation of dioxins and the like in a combustion place and a flue can be largely suppressed. Further, ammonia (NH 3 ) sprayed to a combustion place or decomposed and generated from ammonium sulfate supplied to a waste supply facility is effective for NO reduction by the following reaction, and simultaneously decomposes nitrogen compounds (non-catalytic denitration). Is also possible. 4NH 3 + 4NO + O 2 → 4N 2 + 6H 2 O (9)
【００２４】この結果、本発明によれば、後述する実施
例に示すように、ダイオキシン類の低減率が９８〜９9.
５％を達成することができ、ダイオキシン類の再合成の
抑制と共に、窒素酸化物の分解が同時に可能となり、低
コストで低公害の燃焼方法を提供することができる。As a result, according to the present invention, the reduction rate of dioxins is 98-99.
It is possible to achieve 5%, to suppress the resynthesis of dioxins and to simultaneously decompose nitrogen oxides, thereby providing a low-cost, low-pollution combustion method.
【００２５】以上は抑制剤として硫安を用いた場合につ
いて説明したが、上述したように本発明は抑制剤として
硫安に限定されるものではなく、例えば硫化水素（Ｈ2
Ｓ）を用いた場合の本発明のダイオキシン類の生成及び
再合成の抑制メカニズムを以下に示す。 Ｃｌ2 ＋Ｈ2 Ｓ＋Ｏ2 →ＳＯ2 ＋２ＨＣｌ …(10)The above has been described using ammonium sulfate as an inhibitor, and not the invention as described above which are limited to ammonium sulfate as an inhibitor, such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2
The mechanism of inhibiting the formation and resynthesis of the dioxins of the present invention when S) is used is described below. Cl 2 + H 2 S + O 2 → SO 2 + 2HCl (10)
【００２６】上記抑制剤の添加は、特に限定されるもの
ではないが、ダイオキシン類の抑制のためには、好まし
くは被処理物である廃棄物中の塩素含有量に対して、Ｃ
ｌ／Ｓモル比で0.２〜１０とすればよい。これは、Ｃｌ
／Ｓモル比で0.２未満の場合では添加効果が効果的に発
現されず、一方Ｃｌ／Ｓモル比で１０を超えた場合では
更なる添加効果が発揮されないからである。また、脱硝
のためには、ＮＨ3 ／ＮＯｘモル比で0.５〜１０とすれ
ばよい。これは、ＮＨ3 ／ＮＯｘモル比で0.５未満の場
合では添加効果が効果的に発現されず、一方ＮＨ3 ／Ｎ
Ｏｘモル比で１０を超えた場合では更なる添加効果が発
揮されないからである。The addition of the above-mentioned inhibitor is not particularly limited. However, in order to suppress dioxins, it is preferable to add C to the chlorine content in the waste to be treated.
The molar ratio of 1 / S may be 0.2 to 10. This is Cl
If the / S molar ratio is less than 0.2, the addition effect is not effectively exhibited, while if the Cl / S molar ratio exceeds 10, no further addition effect is exhibited. For denitration, the NH 3 / NOx molar ratio may be set to 0.5 to 10. This is because when the NH 3 / NOx molar ratio is less than 0.5, the addition effect is not effectively exhibited, while the NH 3 / N
This is because if the Ox molar ratio exceeds 10, no further addition effect is exhibited.
【００２７】ここで、本発明の排ガス中の有害物質と
は、窒素酸化物の他、ダイオキシン類やＰＣＢ類に代表
される有害な塩素化芳香族化合物をいうが、本発明によ
り生成及び再合成が抑制される排ガス中の有害物質（又
は環境ホルモン）であればこれらに限定されるものでは
ない。Here, the harmful substances in the exhaust gas of the present invention refer to harmful chlorinated aromatic compounds represented by dioxins and PCBs in addition to nitrogen oxides. It is not limited to these as long as it is a harmful substance (or environmental hormone) in the exhaust gas in which is suppressed.
【００２８】ここで、上記ダイオキシン類とは、ポリ塩
化ジベンゾ−ｐ−ダイオキシン類（ＰＣＤＤｓ）及びポ
リ塩化ジベンゾフラン類（ＰＣＤＦｓ）の総称であり、
塩素系化合物とある種の有機塩素化合物の燃焼時に微量
発生するといわれ、化学的に無色の結晶である。塩素の
数によって二塩化物から八塩化物まであり、異性体には
ＰＣＤＤｓで７５種類、ＰＣＤＦｓで１３５種類におよ
び、これらのうち、特に四塩化ジベンゾ−ｐ−ダイオキ
シン（Ｔ4 ＣＤＤ）は、最も強い毒性を有するものとし
て知られている。なお、有害な塩素化芳香族化合物とし
ては、ダイオキシン類の他にその前駆体となる種々の有
機塩素化合物（例えば、フェノール，ベンゼン等の芳香
族化合物（例えばクロルベンゼン類，クロロフェノール
及びクロロトルエン等）、塩素化アルキル化合物等）が
含まれており、排ガス中から除去する必要があり、本発
明により生成及び再合成することがなくなる。The above dioxins are a general term for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs).
It is said to be generated in trace amounts during the combustion of chlorine compounds and certain organic chlorine compounds, and is a chemically colorless crystal. There are 75 types of PCDDs and 135 types of PCDFs depending on the number of chlorines, from dichloride to octachloride. Of these, dibenzo-p-dioxin tetrachloride (T 4 CDD) is the most common. It is known to be highly toxic. In addition, as harmful chlorinated aromatic compounds, in addition to dioxins, various organic chlorine compounds (for example, aromatic compounds such as phenol and benzene (for example, chlorobenzenes, chlorophenol and chlorotoluene) ), Chlorinated alkyl compounds, etc.), which must be removed from the exhaust gas, and are not produced or resynthesized by the present invention.
【００２９】また、ＰＣＢ類（ポリ塩化ビフェニル類）
はビフェニルに塩素原子が数個付加した化合物の総称で
あり、塩素の置換数、置換位置により異性体があるが、
２，６−ジクロロビフェニル、２，2'−ジクロロビフェ
ニル、２，３，５−トリクロロビフェニル等が代表的な
ものであり、毒性が強く、焼却した場合にはダイオキシ
ン類が発生するおそれがあるものとして知られており、
排ガス中から除去する必要があり、本発明により再合成
することがなくなる。PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)
Is a generic term for compounds in which several chlorine atoms are added to biphenyl, and there are isomers depending on the number of chlorine substitutions and substitution positions.
Typical are 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,3,5-trichlorobiphenyl, etc., which are highly toxic and may generate dioxins when incinerated. Known as
It must be removed from the exhaust gas, and the present invention eliminates resynthesis.
【００３０】また、本発明で処理される窒素酸化物と
は、通常ＮＯ及びＮＯ2 の他、これらの混合物をいい、
ＮＯｘとも称されている。しかし、該ＮＯｘにはこれら
以外に各種酸化数のものがあり、しかも不安定な窒素酸
化物も含まれている場合が多い。従ってｘは特に限定さ
れるものではないが通常１〜２の値である。雨水等で硝
酸、亜硝酸等になり、またはＮＯは光化学スモッグの主
因物質の一つであるといわれており、人体には有害な化
合物であるが、本発明により窒素酸化物が分解される。The nitrogen oxides to be treated in the present invention usually mean NO and NO 2 , as well as mixtures thereof.
It is also called NOx. However, the NOx has various oxidation numbers other than these, and often contains an unstable nitrogen oxide. Accordingly, x is not particularly limited, but is usually a value of 1 to 2. It becomes nitric acid, nitrous acid, etc. in rain water or NO, or NO is said to be one of the main causes of photochemical smog, and is a harmful compound to the human body. However, the present invention decomposes nitrogen oxides.
【００３１】以上述べたように、本発明によれば、抑制
剤を高温の燃焼場において廃棄物と共に燃焼させるとい
う、焼却炉内でのダイオキシン類生成・再合成抑制剤と
して用いたので、上述した有害物質であるダイオキシン
類の生成及び再合成の要因となる塩素ガスを塩化水素ガ
スに変換して、ダイオキシン類等の塩素化芳香族化合物
の生成及び再合成を阻害することができた。また、抑制
剤として硫安等の塩基性物質（例えばアンモニア等）の
存在により、窒素酸化物を分解処理でき、同時に無害化
処理が行われる。As described above, according to the present invention, the inhibitor is used as a dioxin generation / resynthesis inhibitor in an incinerator, in which the inhibitor is burned together with the waste in a high-temperature combustion field. By converting chlorine gas, which is a factor for the generation and resynthesis of harmful dioxins, to hydrogen chloride gas, it was possible to inhibit the generation and resynthesis of chlorinated aromatic compounds such as dioxins. In addition, the presence of a basic substance such as ammonium sulfate (for example, ammonia) as an inhibitor can decompose nitrogen oxides and at the same time perform detoxification.
【００３２】次に、本発明の低公害燃焼方法を実施する
低公害燃焼装置を備えた燃焼システムを図１を参照して
説明する。図１は、本発明にかかる低公害燃焼装置を備
えた燃焼システムの概略図である。図１に示すように、
燃焼システムは、例えば都市ゴミ，産業廃棄物，汚泥等
の各種の廃棄物１１を高温（７００℃以上）で燃焼する
焼却炉１２に硫安等の抑制剤１３を供給する抑制剤供給
手段を備えた低公害燃焼装置１４と、燃焼された焼却灰
１５を貯留する焼却灰貯留設備１６と、燃焼排ガス１７
を低温（２００℃以下）に冷却する排ガス冷却設備１８
と、冷却された排ガス中の煤塵及び有害物質を処理する
除塵手段を有する排ガス処理設備１９と、処理された排
ガスを外部へ排出する煙突２０とから構成してなるもの
である。Next, a combustion system provided with a low-pollution combustion apparatus for implementing the low-pollution combustion method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combustion system including a low-pollution combustion device according to the present invention. As shown in FIG.
The combustion system includes an inhibitor supply means for supplying an inhibitor 13 such as ammonium sulfate to an incinerator 12 that burns various wastes 11 such as municipal waste, industrial waste, and sludge at a high temperature (700 ° C. or higher). A low-pollution combustion device 14, an incineration ash storage facility 16 for storing burned incineration ash 15, and a combustion exhaust gas 17
Exhaust gas cooling equipment 18 that cools air to a low temperature (200 ° C. or less)
And an exhaust gas treatment facility 19 having dust removing means for treating dust and harmful substances in the cooled exhaust gas, and a chimney 20 for discharging the treated exhaust gas to the outside.
【００３３】このような燃焼システムによれば、低公害
燃焼装置１４にダイオキシン類の生成及び再合成の抑制
と窒素酸化物の分解を行う抑制剤１３を供給する抑制剤
供給手段が設けてなるので、抑制剤１３の供給により、
ディーコン反応により発生する塩素ガスを塩化水素ガス
に還元して塩素化合物芳香族化合物の生成及び再合成を
抑制し、これと同時に窒素酸化物の分解（無触媒脱硝）
が同時可能となることにより、焼却炉から発生する燃焼
排ガス１７が焼却炉１１内で無害化され、焼却システム
の後流側に触媒等による排ガス処理装置を特に設ける必
要がなくなる。なお、排ガスの無害化を更に効率的に行
う場合には、公知の触媒反応，活性炭除去等による焼却
炉１１から発生する排ガスを処理する処理装置を備える
ようにすればよい。According to such a combustion system, the low-pollution combustion device 14 is provided with an inhibitor supply means for supplying the inhibitor 13 for suppressing the generation and resynthesis of dioxins and decomposing nitrogen oxides. , By supplying the inhibitor 13
The chlorine gas generated by the Deacon reaction is reduced to hydrogen chloride gas to suppress the generation and resynthesis of chlorine compounds and aromatic compounds, and at the same time, to decompose nitrogen oxides (non-catalytic denitration)
Can be performed at the same time, the combustion exhaust gas 17 generated from the incinerator is rendered harmless in the incinerator 11, and there is no need to particularly provide an exhaust gas treatment device using a catalyst or the like on the downstream side of the incineration system. When the detoxification of the exhaust gas is performed more efficiently, a treatment apparatus for treating the exhaust gas generated from the incinerator 11 by a known catalytic reaction, removal of activated carbon, or the like may be provided.
【００３４】図２は本発明の他の低公害燃焼方法を実施
する低公害燃焼装置を備えた燃焼システムの概略図であ
る。図１に示す低公害燃焼装置は焼却炉１２中に抑制剤
１３を供給するようにしたが、本実施の形態では、廃棄
物１１を焼却炉１２へ投入する前において、抑制剤１３
を廃棄物１１中に供給するようにしたものである。図２
に示すように、本実施の形態の燃焼システムは、例えば
都市ゴミ，産業廃棄物，汚泥等の各種の廃棄物１１に抑
制剤１３を供給する供給手段と、該抑制剤１３が供給さ
れた廃棄物１１を高温（７００℃以上）で燃焼する焼却
炉１２とを備えた低公害燃焼装置１４と、燃焼された焼
却灰１５を貯留する焼却灰貯留設備１６と、燃焼排ガス
１７を低温（２００℃以下）に冷却する排ガス冷却設備
１８と、冷却された排ガス中の煤塵及び有害物質を処理
する除塵手段を有する排ガス処理設備１９と、処理され
た排ガスを外部へ排出する煙突２０とから構成してなる
ものである。なお、供給方法は廃棄物１１中に直接供給
するものであれば限定されず、廃棄物供給ライン２１中
に抑制剤１３を供給するようにしてもよい。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a combustion system provided with a low-pollution combustion apparatus for implementing another low-pollution combustion method of the present invention. Although the low-pollution combustion apparatus shown in FIG. 1 supplies the suppressant 13 into the incinerator 12, in the present embodiment, before the waste 11 is put into the incinerator 12, the suppressor 13 is supplied.
Is supplied into the waste 11. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the combustion system according to the present embodiment includes a supply unit that supplies an inhibitor 13 to various kinds of waste 11 such as municipal waste, industrial waste, and sludge, and a waste to which the inhibitor 13 is supplied. A low-pollution combustion apparatus 14 having an incinerator 12 for burning the material 11 at a high temperature (700 ° C. or more), an incineration ash storage facility 16 for storing the burned incineration ash 15, and a combustion exhaust gas 17 at a low temperature (200 ° C.). An exhaust gas cooling system 18 for cooling the exhaust gas, an exhaust gas treatment system 19 having dust removing means for treating dust and harmful substances in the cooled exhaust gas, and a chimney 20 for discharging the treated exhaust gas to the outside. It becomes. The supply method is not limited as long as it is directly supplied into the waste 11, and the suppressor 13 may be supplied into the waste supply line 21.
【００３５】本実施の形態によれば燃焼炉に供給する前
に抑制剤を供給し、廃棄物と抑制剤とを焼却炉１２に同
時に供給するので、燃焼時において抑制効果が直ちに発
揮されることとなり、更に効果的な処理が可能となる。According to the present embodiment, since the suppressant is supplied before supplying to the combustion furnace and the waste and the suppressant are supplied to the incinerator 12 at the same time, the suppression effect is immediately exhibited during combustion. And more effective processing becomes possible.
【００３６】[0036]
【実施例】以下、実施例により本発明をより詳細に説明
するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によって何ら制限され
るものではない。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
【００３７】流動床焼却炉において、廃棄物中のＳ／Ｃ
ｌモル比が1.０となるように、硫安の水溶液を高温（８
００℃）燃焼場所に噴霧した。この結果、硫安の水溶液
を噴霧しない場合と比べて、煙突入口部でのダイオキシ
ン類の低減率が９８〜９9.５％であった。これは、燃焼
場でのダイオキシン類の発生抑制と、後部煙道での再合
成の抑制によるものである。この結果より、本実施例の
硫安の噴霧により、ダイオキシン類の生成及び再合成を
効率的に阻害することが判明した。また、窒素酸化物の
発生も低減され、窒素化合物の同時分解も可能となるこ
とが判明した。In fluidized bed incinerator, S / C in waste
The aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate was heated to a high temperature (8%) so that the molar ratio was 1.0.
(00 ° C.) sprayed onto the combustion area. As a result, the reduction rate of dioxins at the chimney inlet was 98 to 99.5% as compared with the case where the aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate was not sprayed. This is due to suppression of generation of dioxins in the combustion field and suppression of resynthesis in the rear flue. From this result, it was found that the spraying of ammonium sulfate of the present example effectively inhibited the generation and resynthesis of dioxins. It was also found that the generation of nitrogen oxides was reduced, and the simultaneous decomposition of nitrogen compounds became possible.
【００３８】[0038]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の「請求項
１］によれば、廃棄物を高温で燃焼する方法において、
発生する塩素ガスを塩化水素ガスに変換して、塩素化芳
香族化合物の生成及び再生成を抑制し得る抑制剤を、廃
棄物中若しくは燃焼炉内に供給し、７００℃以上の高温
燃焼場にて燃焼するので、ダイオキシン類の再合成の抑
制と共に、窒素酸化物の分解が同時に可能となり、低コ
ストで低公害の燃焼方法を提供することができる。As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in the method of burning waste at a high temperature,
The generated chlorine gas is converted into hydrogen chloride gas, and an inhibitor capable of suppressing the generation and regeneration of chlorinated aromatic compounds is supplied into the waste or in the combustion furnace, and is supplied to a high-temperature combustion field at 700 ° C or higher. Since combustion is carried out, nitrogen oxides can be decomposed simultaneously with suppression of resynthesis of dioxins, and a low-cost, low-pollution combustion method can be provided.
【００３９】［請求項２］の発明によれば、請求項１に
おいて、上記抑制剤が硫酸アンモニウム，チオフェン等
の有機硫黄化合物，硫化水素，硫化鉄，硫黄の少なくと
も一種であるので、ダイオキシン類の生成及び再合成の
抑制効果が高いものとなる。According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the above-mentioned inhibitor is at least one of organic sulfur compounds such as ammonium sulfate and thiophene, hydrogen sulfide, iron sulfide and sulfur, the formation of dioxins And the effect of suppressing resynthesis is high.
【００４０】［請求項３］の発明によれば、請求項１又
は２において、被処理物中の塩素含有量に対して、Ｃｌ
／Ｓモル比で0.２〜１０とすることにより、塩素化芳香
族化合物であるダイオキシン類の低減率が９８〜９9.５
％となる。According to the third aspect of the present invention, according to the first or second aspect, the chlorine content in the object to be treated is set to
By setting the / S molar ratio to 0.2 to 10, the reduction rate of dioxins, which are chlorinated aromatic compounds, is 98 to 99.5.
%.
【００４１】［請求項４］の発明によれば、請求項１に
おいて、上記塩素化芳香族化合物がダイオキシン類又は
ダイオキシン類前駆体であるので、特に排ガス中に含有
されるダイオキシン類又はダイオキシン類前駆体等の生
成及び再合成を抑制することができる。According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the chlorinated aromatic compound is a dioxin or a dioxin precursor, and therefore, particularly, a dioxin or a dioxin precursor contained in an exhaust gas. Generation and resynthesis of a body and the like can be suppressed.
【００４２】［請求項５］の発明によれば、廃棄物を高
温で燃焼する燃焼装置において、燃焼中に発生する塩素
ガスを分解して塩素化芳香族化合物の再生成を抑制する
抑制剤を供給する抑制剤供給手段を燃焼室若しくは廃棄
物供給設備に備えたので、燃焼排ガスが無害化され、後
流側に触媒等による排ガス処理装置を特に設ける必要が
なくなる。According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in a combustion apparatus for burning waste at a high temperature, an inhibitor for suppressing the regeneration of chlorinated aromatic compounds by decomposing chlorine gas generated during combustion is provided. Since the supply of the suppressant is provided in the combustion chamber or the waste supply equipment, the combustion exhaust gas is rendered harmless, and it is not necessary to particularly provide an exhaust gas treatment device using a catalyst or the like on the downstream side.
【００４３】［請求項６］の発明によれば、請求項５に
おいて、上記抑制剤が硫酸アンモニウム，チオフェン等
の有機硫黄化合物，硫化水素，硫化鉄，硫黄の少なくと
も一種であるので、ダイオキシン類の再合成の抑制効果
が高いものとなり、更に窒素酸化物の低減効果も同時に
図ることができる。According to the invention of claim 6, in claim 5, the inhibitor is at least one of organic sulfur compounds such as ammonium sulfate and thiophene, hydrogen sulfide, iron sulfide, and sulfur. The effect of suppressing synthesis is high, and the effect of reducing nitrogen oxides can be simultaneously achieved.
【図１】本発明にかかる低公害燃焼装置を備えた燃焼シ
ステムの概略図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combustion system including a low-pollution combustion device according to the present invention.
【図２】本発明にかかる他の低公害燃焼装置を備えた燃
焼システムの概略図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a combustion system provided with another low-pollution combustion device according to the present invention.
【図３】従来技術にかかる燃焼システムの概略図であ
る。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a combustion system according to the prior art.
１１ 廃棄物 １２ 焼却炉 １３ 抑制剤 １４ 低公害燃焼装置 １５ 焼却灰 １６ 焼却灰貯留設備 １７ 燃焼排ガス １８ 排ガス冷却設備 １９ 排ガス処理設備 ２０ 煙突 ２１ 廃棄物供給ライン DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Waste 12 Incinerator 13 Inhibitor 14 Low-pollution combustion device 15 Incineration ash 16 Incineration ash storage equipment 17 Combustion exhaust gas 18 Exhaust gas cooling equipment 19 Exhaust gas treatment equipment 20 Chimney 21 Waste supply line
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き Ｆターム(参考） 3K061 UA01 UA02 UA11 UA25 4D004 AA02 AA46 AB06 AB07 AC05 CA28 CA32 CC01 CC11 CC15 DA03 DA06 DA10 4H015 AA01 AA02 AA16 AA26 AA27 AB01 AB08 BA05 BB03 CB01 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page F term (reference) 3K061 UA01 UA02 UA11 UA25 4D004 AA02 AA46 AB06 AB07 AC05 CA28 CA32 CC01 CC11 CC15 DA03 DA06 DA10 4H015 AA01 AA02 AA16 AA26 AA27 AB01 AB08 BA05 BB03 CB01
Claims (6)
香族化合物の生成及び再生成を抑制し得る抑制剤を、廃
棄物中若しくは燃焼炉内に供給し、７００℃以上の高温
燃焼場にて燃焼することを特徴とする低公害燃焼方法。Claims: 1. A method for burning waste at a high temperature, comprising the steps of: converting an evolved chlorine gas into a hydrogen chloride gas to suppress the generation and regeneration of a chlorinated aromatic compound; A low-pollution combustion method comprising supplying the mixture into a combustion furnace and burning in a high-temperature combustion field of 700 ° C. or higher.
黄化合物，硫化水素，硫化鉄，硫黄の少なくとも一種で
あることを特徴とする低公害燃焼方法。2. The low-pollution combustion method according to claim 1, wherein the inhibitor is at least one of organic sulfur compounds such as ammonium sulfate and thiophene, hydrogen sulfide, iron sulfide and sulfur.
２〜１０であることを特徴とする低公害燃焼方法。3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Cl / S molar ratio is 0.1 to the chlorine content in the object to be treated.
A low-pollution combustion method characterized by being 2 to 10.
シン類前駆体であることを特徴とする低公害燃焼方法。4. The low-pollution combustion method according to claim 1, wherein the chlorinated aromatic compound is a dioxin or a dioxin precursor.
て、 燃焼中に発生する塩素ガスを塩化水素ガスに変換して塩
素化芳香族化合物の生成及び再生成を抑制する抑制剤を
供給する抑制剤供給手段を燃焼室若しくは廃棄物供給設
備に備えたことを特徴とする低公害燃焼装置。5. A combustion apparatus for burning waste at a high temperature, wherein chlorine gas generated during combustion is converted into hydrogen chloride gas to supply a suppressant for suppressing generation and regeneration of chlorinated aromatic compounds. A low-pollution combustion apparatus characterized in that the agent supply means is provided in a combustion chamber or a waste supply facility.
黄化合物，硫化水素，硫化鉄，硫黄の少なくとも一種で
あることを特徴とする低公害燃焼装置。6. The low-pollution combustion apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the inhibitor is at least one of an organic sulfur compound such as ammonium sulfate and thiophene, hydrogen sulfide, iron sulfide, and sulfur.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP11002889A JP2000205525A (en) | 1999-01-08 | 1999-01-08 | Low-pollution combustion method and device used therefor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP11002889A JP2000205525A (en) | 1999-01-08 | 1999-01-08 | Low-pollution combustion method and device used therefor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000205525A true JP2000205525A (en) | 2000-07-25 |
Family
ID=11541936
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP11002889A Withdrawn JP2000205525A (en) | 1999-01-08 | 1999-01-08 | Low-pollution combustion method and device used therefor |
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