JP2000070684A - Backwashing of pleated membrane filter - Google Patents
Backwashing of pleated membrane filterInfo
- Publication number
- JP2000070684A JP2000070684A JP10242027A JP24202798A JP2000070684A JP 2000070684 A JP2000070684 A JP 2000070684A JP 10242027 A JP10242027 A JP 10242027A JP 24202798 A JP24202798 A JP 24202798A JP 2000070684 A JP2000070684 A JP 2000070684A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- backwashing
- water level
- pressure
- backwash
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
Landscapes
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、一般産業復水、上
工水、工場排水、発電用水、ボイラ復水等のろ過に用い
られるプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter used for filtering general industrial condensate water, industrial water, industrial wastewater, power generation water, boiler condensate, and the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】プリーツ膜フィルタは、原則的には使い
捨てで用いられるもので、逆洗による差圧の回復性は設
計上意図されておらず、通水差圧の限界が到来した時点
で、交換するよう用いられている。しかしながら、通水
差圧の限界が到来したとしても、各発電所等で数百〜千
数百本単位で用いられているプリーツ膜フィルタの新品
を準備するには、相応の準備期間が必要である。このた
め、プリーツ膜フィルタにおいても、この新品の準備期
間に相当する期間程度の延命を図るため、逆洗が行われ
ている。2. Description of the Related Art Pleated membrane filters are used in principle as disposables, and the recovery of the differential pressure due to backwashing is not intended by design. Used to be replaced. However, even if the limit of the pressure difference is reached, it takes a certain preparation period to prepare new pleated membrane filters used in units of several hundreds to several hundreds at each power plant. is there. For this reason, backwashing is also performed on the pleated membrane filter in order to extend the life of the pleated membrane filter for a period corresponding to the preparation period of the new product.
【０００３】この逆洗手段としては、一般に、円筒形
で、外側から内側に被処理水を通過させてろ過する点で
プリーツ膜フィルタと共通し、プリーツ膜フィルタが普
及する前に多用されていたもので、セルロース系ろ過助
剤が表面にコーティングされたプレコートフィルタに用
いられていた手段が採用されている。[0003] This backwashing means is commonly used with a pleated membrane filter in that it is generally cylindrical and passes through the water to be treated from the outside to the inside, and is filtered. In this case, means used for a precoat filter having a surface coated with a cellulose-based filter aid is employed.
【０００４】すなわち、図５に示したように、まず、通
水を停止し、上部の空気抜き弁１１と下部のドレン弁１
２を開き、塔本体１０内の水をすべて排出し、完全に排
出された時点でこれらの弁１１，１２を閉じる（図５
（ａ））。次に、ポンプ１４を起動して塔本体１０の下
部より逆洗水を圧入して、水面を上昇させ、塔本体１０
内の空気層を圧縮し、目板１０ａを境として上部に形成
されているろ過水室１０ｂの上部に圧縮空気層を形成す
る（図５（ｂ），（ｃ））。次に、ドレン弁１２を開
き、圧縮空気層の膨張作用を利用して、ろ過水の水位を
急速に押し下げ、プレコートフィルタ１３の内側から外
側へと逆洗水を急速に流出させて逆洗する（図５
（ｄ））。That is, as shown in FIG. 5, first, the flow of water is stopped, and the upper air release valve 11 and the lower drain valve 1 are stopped.
2, the valve 11 and 12 are closed when the water in the tower body 10 is completely discharged (FIG. 5).
(A)). Next, the pump 14 is started, backwash water is injected from the lower part of the tower body 10 to raise the water level, and the tower body 10
The compressed air layer is formed at the upper part of the filtered water chamber 10b formed at the upper part with the board 10a as a boundary (FIGS. 5B and 5C). Next, the drain valve 12 is opened, the level of the filtered water is rapidly lowered by utilizing the expansion action of the compressed air layer, and the backwash water is quickly discharged from the inside of the precoat filter 13 to the outside to perform backwash. (FIG. 5
(D)).
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、このように
して圧縮空気層を形成した場合には、塔本体１０内に水
が全くない状態から逆洗水を圧入するため、その圧力を
かなり高くすることができる。プレコートフィルタの場
合には、主要部が厚肉のセラミック製あるいはカーボン
製の素材から構成されているため、十分な耐圧強度を有
しており、圧縮空気層の圧力が高くても逆洗によりエレ
メントが損傷することもない。また、プレコートしたろ
過助剤を剥離するのが逆洗の目的であるため、できるだ
け大きな初期空気圧をもってこのろ過助剤を剥離するこ
とが好ましい。In the case where the compressed air layer is formed in this way, since the backwash water is injected from a state where there is no water in the tower body 10, the pressure is considerably increased. be able to. In the case of a pre-coated filter, the main part is made of a thick ceramic or carbon material, so it has a sufficient pressure resistance, and even if the pressure of the compressed air layer is high, the element is backwashed. Is not damaged. Since the purpose of backwashing is to peel off the precoated filter aid, it is preferable to peel off the filter aid with the initial air pressure as large as possible.
【０００６】しかしながら、プリーツ膜フィルタの場合
には、ろ過膜がプリーツ型に形成した合成樹脂製の不織
布からなり、懸濁物がこの不織布に付着しているため、
懸濁物を剥離することが困難な構造で、複数回の逆洗を
行う必要がある。また、合成樹脂製のろ過膜である不織
布が、合成樹脂製のネットあるいは多孔板で被覆されて
保持されているため、耐圧強度が基本的にそれほど高く
ない。However, in the case of a pleated membrane filter, the filtration membrane is made of a pleated nonwoven fabric made of synthetic resin, and the suspension adheres to the nonwoven fabric.
It is a structure that makes it difficult to remove the suspension, and it is necessary to perform multiple backwashes. Further, since the nonwoven fabric which is a synthetic resin filtration membrane is covered and held by a synthetic resin net or a perforated plate, the pressure resistance is basically not so high.
【０００７】従って、上記したプレコートフィルタで採
用されている逆洗手段をプリーツ膜フィルタに適用する
に当たっては、プリーツ膜フィルタの耐圧強度を考慮し
て、塔本体内に形成される圧縮空気層の圧力を所定値以
下（通常、４kgf/cm2以下）に制御して行っている。す
なわち、圧縮空気層の圧力が所定値に至った時点で逆洗
水の圧入を停止している。Therefore, when applying the backwashing means employed in the precoat filter to the pleated membrane filter, the pressure of the compressed air layer formed in the tower body is taken into consideration in consideration of the pressure resistance of the pleated membrane filter. Is controlled to a predetermined value or less (usually, 4 kgf / cm 2 or less). That is, the injection of the backwash water is stopped when the pressure of the compressed air layer reaches a predetermined value.
【０００８】しかしながら、圧縮空気層の圧力が所定値
に至ったことのみを基準として、逆洗水の圧入を停止す
ると、逆洗のために機能する逆洗水が目板上のろ過水室
内に保有されている逆洗水のみであるところ、この実質
的な逆洗水の量が設定圧力に応じて少なくなり、十分な
逆洗を行うことができない。[0008] However, when the injection of the backwash water is stopped based only on the fact that the pressure of the compressed air layer has reached a predetermined value, the backwash water that functions for backwashing enters the filtered water chamber on the eye plate. When only the backwash water is retained, the substantial amount of the backwash water decreases according to the set pressure, and sufficient backwash cannot be performed.
【０００９】本発明は、上記に鑑みなされたものであ
り、ろ過水室内に形成される圧縮空気層の圧力をプリー
ツ膜フィルタに見合った値に設定しつつも、従来より
も、効果的な逆洗を行うことができるプリーツ膜フィル
タの逆洗方法を提供することを課題とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above, and while setting the pressure of the compressed air layer formed in the filtered water chamber to a value corresponding to the pleated membrane filter, the present invention provides a more effective reverse pressure than before. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter capable of washing.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するた
め、請求項１記載のプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法は、
塔本体内に設けられる目板に支持されて配設されたプリ
ーツ膜フィルタに対し、目板を境に上部に形成されるろ
過水室内に圧縮空気層を形成し、該圧縮空気層の膨張作
用により、逆洗水の水位を急速に押し下げ、該逆洗水を
プリーツ膜フィルタの内側から外側へと流出させること
により逆洗を行うプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法におい
て、ろ過水室内における逆洗水の逆洗開始時の水位と圧
縮空気層の圧力とを所定値に設定して行うことを特徴と
する。請求項２記載のプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法
は、請求項１記載のプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法であ
って、ろ過水室内における逆洗水の逆洗開始時の水位
を、大気圧平衡下で所定値に設定した後、ろ過水室内の
空気層を加圧してその圧力を所定値に設定することを特
徴とする。請求項３記載のプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方
法は、請求項１記載のプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法で
あって、目板を境に下部に形成されるエレメント室内に
供給する逆洗水の初期水位を、該初期水位からろ過水室
内での水位が所定値に至るまで逆洗水を圧入した場合
に、ろ過水室内に所定値の圧力を有する圧縮空気層が形
成される水位として予め決定しておき、大気圧平衡下、
塔本体の下部より、該初期水位に至るまで逆洗水をエレ
メント室内に供給し、次に、ろ過水室内での逆洗水の水
位が所定値に至るまで逆洗水を圧入して、ろ過水室内に
おける逆洗水の逆洗開始時の水位と圧縮空気層の圧力と
を所定値に設定することを特徴とする。請求項４記載の
プリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法は、請求項１記載のプリ
ーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法であって、目板を境に下部に
形成されるエレメント室内に供給する逆洗水の初期水位
を、該初期水位からろ過水室内での水位が所定値に至る
まで逆洗水を圧入した場合に、ろ過水室内に所定値の圧
力を有する圧縮空気層が形成される水位として予め決定
しておき、大気圧平衡下、塔本体の下部より、該初期水
位に至るまで逆洗水をエレメント室内に供給し、次に、
ろ過水室内の空気層の圧力が所定値に至るまで逆洗水を
圧入して、ろ過水室内における逆洗水の逆洗開始時の水
位と圧縮空気層の圧力とを所定値に設定することを特徴
とする。In order to solve the above problems, a method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to claim 1 is provided.
A compressed air layer is formed in a filtered water chamber formed at an upper portion of the pleated membrane filter supported by a mesh plate provided in the tower main body with the mesh plate as a boundary, and the expansion action of the compressed air layer is performed. In the method of backwashing a pleated membrane filter in which backwashing water is rapidly depressed and backwashed by flowing the backwashed water from the inside to the outside of the pleated membrane filter, the backwash water in the filtered water chamber is reduced. And the pressure of the compressed air layer at the start of backwashing is set to predetermined values. The backwashing method for a pleated membrane filter according to claim 2 is the backwashing method for a pleated membrane filter according to claim 1, wherein the water level at the start of backwashing of the backwash water in the filtration water chamber is adjusted to an atmospheric pressure equilibrium. After the pressure is set to a predetermined value, the air layer in the filtered water chamber is pressurized and the pressure is set to a predetermined value. The backwash method for a pleated membrane filter according to claim 3 is the backwash method for a pleated membrane filter according to claim 1, wherein the backwash water supplied to an element chamber formed at a lower portion of the pleated membrane filter is provided. The water level is determined in advance as a water level at which a compressed air layer having a predetermined pressure is formed in the filtered water chamber when backwash water is injected from the initial water level until the water level in the filtered water chamber reaches a predetermined value. Beforehand, under atmospheric pressure equilibrium,
From the lower part of the tower body, backwash water is supplied into the element chamber up to the initial water level, and then the backwash water in the filtration water chamber is pressed into the element chamber until the water level reaches a predetermined value. The water level at the start of backwashing in the water chamber and the pressure of the compressed air layer are set to predetermined values. The backwashing method for a pleated membrane filter according to claim 4 is the method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to claim 1, wherein the backwashing water to be supplied into an element chamber formed below a perforated board. The water level is determined in advance as a water level at which a compressed air layer having a predetermined pressure is formed in the filtered water chamber when backwash water is injected from the initial water level until the water level in the filtered water chamber reaches a predetermined value. In advance, under atmospheric pressure equilibrium, backwash water is supplied into the element chamber from the lower part of the tower body to the initial water level,
Inject backwash water until the pressure of the air layer in the filtered water chamber reaches a predetermined value, and set the water level and the pressure of the compressed air layer at the start of backwashing of the backwash water in the filtered water chamber to predetermined values. It is characterized by.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】次に、図面に基づいて本発明をさ
らに詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形
態にかかるプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法を説明するた
めの図である。図１において、１はろ過塔の塔本体を示
し、２はプリーツ膜フィルタを示す。塔本体１内には、
複数の取り付け孔を備えた目板１ａが配設されており、
この目板１ａを境として上部にろ過水室１ｂが、下部に
エレメント室１ｃが形成されている。プリーツ膜フィル
タ２は、上部が目板１ａの各取り付け孔に固定されてエ
レメント室１ｃ内に複数本配設される。Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 indicates a tower main body of a filtration tower, and 2 indicates a pleated membrane filter. In the tower body 1,
An eye panel 1a having a plurality of mounting holes is provided,
A filtered water chamber 1b is formed at an upper part and an element chamber 1c is formed at a lower part with the eye plate 1a as a boundary. A plurality of pleated membrane filters 2 are provided in the element chamber 1c with the upper part being fixed to each mounting hole of the eye panel 1a.
【００１２】また、塔本体１の下部には、ドレン管３、
逆洗水供給管４が接続されており、それぞれ、開閉弁３
ａ，４ａが介在配設されている。なお、４ｂは逆洗水を
圧送するためのポンプである。一方、塔本体１の上部に
は、それぞれ、開閉弁５ａ，６ａが介在配設されている
ろ過水排出管５と空気抜き管６が接続されている。ま
た、本実施の形態では、ろ過水室１ｂに、開閉弁７ａが
介在配設された圧縮空気供給管７を介して圧縮機８が接
続されていると共に、ろ過水室１ｂ内の水位を検出する
液面計９ａと圧力を検出する圧力計９ｂが設けられてい
る。A drain pipe 3 is provided below the tower body 1.
The backwash water supply pipes 4 are connected, and the respective on-off valves 3
a and 4a are interposed. 4b is a pump for pumping backwash water. On the other hand, a filtered water discharge pipe 5 and an air vent pipe 6 having on-off valves 5a and 6a interposed therebetween are connected to the upper part of the tower body 1, respectively. Further, in the present embodiment, the compressor 8 is connected to the filtered water chamber 1b via the compressed air supply pipe 7 provided with the on-off valve 7a, and the water level in the filtered water chamber 1b is detected. A liquid level gauge 9a for measuring the pressure and a pressure gauge 9b for detecting the pressure are provided.
【００１３】本実施の形態によれば、ろ過によりプリー
ツ膜フィルタ２の差圧が高くなったならば、図１（ａ）
に示したように、被処理水の供給を停止し、ろ過水排出
管５の開閉弁５ａを閉じて、空気抜き管６の開閉弁６ａ
及びドレン管３の開閉弁３ａを開放し、塔本体１内に残
留している被処理水を全て排出する。次に、図１（ｂ）
に示したように、ドレン管３の開閉弁３ａを閉じる一
方、空気抜き管６の開閉弁６ａは開放したまま、逆洗水
供給管４の開閉弁４ａを開放し、ポンプ４ｂを起動して
逆洗水を大気圧平衡下で供給する。この際、液面計９ａ
によりモニタして、目板１ａ上のろ過水室１ｂ内に保有
される逆洗水の水位が所定値に至るまで供給する。According to the present embodiment, if the pressure difference of the pleated membrane filter 2 increases due to the filtration, FIG.
As shown in the figure, the supply of the water to be treated is stopped, the on-off valve 5a of the filtered water discharge pipe 5 is closed, and the on-off valve 6a of the air vent pipe 6 is closed.
Then, the on-off valve 3a of the drain pipe 3 is opened, and all the water to be treated remaining in the tower main body 1 is discharged. Next, FIG.
As shown in the figure, while the on-off valve 3a of the drain pipe 3 is closed, the on-off valve 4a of the backwash water supply pipe 4 is opened while the on-off valve 6a of the air vent pipe 6 is open, and the pump 4b is started to start the reverse operation. Wash water is supplied under atmospheric pressure equilibrium. At this time, the liquid level meter 9a
To supply the backwash water held in the filtered water chamber 1b on the perforated panel 1a until the water level reaches a predetermined value.
【００１４】ここで、この逆洗開始時における逆洗水の
水位の決定方法について説明する。プリーツ膜フィルタ
２の逆洗は、圧縮空気層の膨張によって、ろ過水室１ｂ
内の逆洗水の水面を、目板１ａを通り過ぎるまで、急速
に押し下げることによって行われる。従って、ろ過水室
１ｂ内に保有される逆洗開始時の逆洗水の水位のみに着
眼すれば、その水位は高いほど効果的な逆洗を行うこと
ができる。しかしながら、上記したように、プリーツ膜
フィルタ２の耐圧強度との関係から、圧縮空気層の圧力
はそれほど高くすることができない。従って、効果的な
逆洗を行うためには、ろ過水室１ｂ内に保有される逆洗
開始時の逆洗水の水位が高いほど好ましいといっても、
高くなればなるほど、ろ過水室１ｂ内で保有可能な圧縮
空気容積が少なくなり、少なすぎる場合には、逆洗開始
後の急激な圧力低下により、ろ過水室１ｂ内で保有され
ている逆洗水が目板１ａを通過する前に、圧縮空気層が
膨張しきってしまい、十分な逆洗流速を得られない。こ
のため、ろ過水室１ｂ内の逆洗開始時の逆洗水の水位
は、圧縮空気層の圧力を考慮した上で、ろ過水室１ｂ内
に十分な逆洗流速が得られるだけの圧縮空気層容積を確
保できるように決定する必要がある。Here, a method of determining the water level of the backwash water at the start of the backwash will be described. The backwashing of the pleated membrane filter 2 is performed by the expansion of the compressed air layer and the filtration water chamber 1b.
This is performed by rapidly pushing down the water surface of the backwash water until the water passes through the eyeboard 1a. Therefore, if attention is paid only to the water level of the backwash water at the start of the backwash held in the filtered water chamber 1b, the higher the water level, the more effective the backwash can be performed. However, as described above, the pressure of the compressed air layer cannot be so high due to the relationship with the pressure resistance of the pleated membrane filter 2. Therefore, in order to perform effective backwashing, it is preferable that the backwash water level at the start of backwashing held in the filtered water chamber 1b is higher,
The higher the pressure, the smaller the compressed air volume that can be held in the filtered water chamber 1b. If the volume is too small, the sudden pressure drop after the start of backwashing causes the backwashing held in the filtered water chamber 1b. Before the water passes through the eyeboard 1a, the compressed air layer expands completely, and a sufficient backwash flow rate cannot be obtained. For this reason, the level of the backwash water at the start of the backwash in the filtered water chamber 1b is determined by taking into consideration the pressure of the compressed air layer, and obtaining the compressed air having a sufficient backwash flow rate in the filtered water chamber 1b. It is necessary to determine so that the bed volume can be secured.
【００１５】本発明者はろ過水室１ｂ内における逆洗開
始時の逆洗水の最適な水位を決定するため、逆洗水量の
ろ過水室全容積に対する比率（水容積率）を種々変化さ
せ、逆洗によりプリーツ膜フィルタ２を構成するろ過膜
に与えられる総流動エネルギーの時間積分値を次式によ
り計算し、その最大値を１としてプロットし、図４のグ
ラフに示した。The inventor of the present invention varied the ratio (water volume ratio) of the amount of backwash water to the total volume of the filtered water chamber in order to determine the optimum level of backwash water at the start of backwash in the filtered water chamber 1b. The time integral value of the total flow energy given to the filtration membrane constituting the pleated membrane filter 2 by backwashing was calculated by the following equation, and the maximum value was plotted as 1, which is shown in the graph of FIG.
【００１６】[0016]
【数１】 (Equation 1)
【００１７】この結果から明らかなように、逆洗開始時
の圧縮空気層の圧力を、一般的なプリーツ膜フィルタ２
の耐圧強度である４kgf/cm2Gに設定した場合には、ろ過
水室１ｂ内の水容積率が約５０〜５５％になるように、
逆洗水の水位を決定するのが適当であるとの知見を得
た。これによれば、例えば、内径１．６５ｍ、直胴部
３．８ｍ、容量９．７ｍ３で、目板１ａを上部直胴端よ
り０．９ｍ下がった位置に設置したろ過塔の場合には、
目板１ａ上の水位が約０．６３ｍ（水容積率５５％の場
合）となるように逆洗水の所定値が決定される。同じろ
過塔を使用し、図５に示した従来の方法で、ろ過水室内
の圧力を４kgf/cm2Gに設定することだけを基準にした場
合に、目板１ａ上の水位が約０．３ｍになることと比較
すると、本実施の形態によれば、約２倍の有効な逆洗水
量を得ることができ、また、ろ過膜に対して与えられる
逆洗流動エネルギーを約１．４倍にすることができる。As is apparent from the results, the pressure of the compressed air layer at the start of backwashing is reduced by the general pleated membrane filter 2.
When the pressure resistance is set to 4 kgf / cm 2 G, the water volume ratio in the filtered water chamber 1b is about 50 to 55%.
We have found that it is appropriate to determine the level of backwash water. According to this, for example, in the case of a filtration tower having an inner diameter of 1.65 m, a straight body portion of 3.8 m, a capacity of 9.7 m 3 , and a perforated plate 1 a installed at a position 0.9 m below the upper straight body end, ,
The predetermined value of the backwash water is determined so that the water level on the perforated board 1a is about 0.63 m (when the water volume ratio is 55%). When the same filtration tower is used and the pressure in the filtration water chamber is set to only 4 kgf / cm 2 G by the conventional method shown in FIG. According to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain approximately twice as much effective backwash water amount as compared with 3 m, and to increase the backwash flow energy given to the filtration membrane by approximately 1.4 times. Can be
【００１８】なお、図４から明らかなように、総流動エ
ネルギーの時間積分値（比）は、水容積率５０〜５５％
付近がピークであるが、プリーツ膜フィルタ２に付着し
た懸濁物の性状やプリーツ膜フィルタの耐圧強度等によ
っては、他の容積比が適当な場合もある。例えば、逆洗
時間は短くてもより急激な流速で逆洗した方が懸濁物が
除去されやすい場合には、逆洗水の比率を小さくするこ
とができるし、逆洗流速が多少下がっても、逆洗時間を
より長くした方が懸濁物が除去されやすい場合には、逆
洗水の比率を大きくすることができる。但し、図４から
判断すると、圧縮空気層の圧力を一般的なプリーツ膜フ
ィルタ２の耐圧強度である４kgf/cm2Gに設定した場合に
は、水容積率４０〜６５％前後の範囲で調整するのが好
ましい。また、水容積率のピーク付近以上に水位を設定
した場合、水量が多くても流動エネルギーが低いため十
分な逆洗が行われず、好ましくない。As is apparent from FIG. 4, the time integral value (ratio) of the total flow energy is 50 to 55% by volume of water.
The vicinity is a peak, but other volume ratios may be appropriate depending on the properties of the suspension adhered to the pleated membrane filter 2, the pressure resistance of the pleated membrane filter, and the like. For example, even if the backwashing time is short, if the backwashing at a more rapid flow rate makes it easier to remove the suspended matter, the ratio of the backwashing water can be reduced, and the backwashing flow rate is slightly reduced. In addition, if the longer the backwashing time, the more easily the suspended matter is removed, the ratio of the backwashing water can be increased. However, judging from FIG. 4, when the pressure of the compressed air layer is set to 4 kgf / cm 2 G, which is the pressure resistance of the general pleated membrane filter 2, the water volume ratio is adjusted in the range of about 40 to 65%. Is preferred. In addition, when the water level is set near the peak of the water volume ratio, even if the amount of water is large, the flow energy is low and sufficient backwashing is not performed, which is not preferable.
【００１９】上記のようにして、逆洗水の水位を所定値
に設定したならば、図１（ｃ）に示したように、空気抜
き管６の開閉弁６ａ及びドレン管３の開閉弁３ａを閉じ
る一方、開閉弁７ａを開放して、圧縮機８を起動し、ろ
過水室１ｂ内に圧縮空気を圧送して空気層を加圧する。
圧力計９ｂによりモニタして、ろ過水室１ｂ内に形成さ
れる圧縮空気層の圧力が所定値に至るまで加圧し、開閉
弁７ａを閉じる。このときの圧力は、プリーツ膜フィル
タ２の耐圧強度を考慮して決定されるが、プリーツ膜フ
ィルタ２の耐圧強度は通常、４kgf/cm2G以下であるた
め、その値以下の圧力が設定される。When the water level of the backwash water is set to a predetermined value as described above, the open / close valve 6a of the air release pipe 6 and the open / close valve 3a of the drain pipe 3 are set as shown in FIG. While closing, the on-off valve 7a is opened, the compressor 8 is started, and compressed air is pumped into the filtered water chamber 1b to pressurize the air layer.
Monitoring by the pressure gauge 9b, the pressure of the compressed air layer formed in the filtered water chamber 1b is increased until the pressure reaches a predetermined value, and the on-off valve 7a is closed. The pressure at this time is determined in consideration of the pressure resistance of the pleated membrane filter 2. However, since the pressure resistance of the pleated membrane filter 2 is usually 4 kgf / cm 2 G or less, a pressure lower than that value is set. You.
【００２０】次に、図１（ｄ）に示したように、ドレン
管３の開閉弁３ａのみを開放する。これにより、ろ過水
室１ｂ内の圧縮空気層が膨張し、ろ過水室１ｂ内の逆洗
水の水位が下がり、プリーツ膜フィルタ２の内側から外
側へと逆洗水が流出し、逆洗が行われる。逆洗水の水位
が下がり、目板１ａ以下となったならば、空気抜き管６
の開閉弁６ａを開放し、逆洗排水を塔本体１外へ排出す
る。Next, as shown in FIG. 1D, only the on-off valve 3a of the drain pipe 3 is opened. As a result, the compressed air layer in the filtered water chamber 1b expands, the level of the backwash water in the filtered water chamber 1b drops, and the backwash water flows out from the inside of the pleated membrane filter 2 to the outside, and the backwash is performed. Done. When the water level of the backwash water drops and falls below the perforated board 1a, the air vent pipe 6
Is opened to discharge the backwash drainage to the outside of the tower body 1.
【００２１】逆洗排水が全て塔本体１外へ排出されたな
らば、ドレン管３の開閉弁３ａを閉じる一方、逆洗水供
給管４の開閉弁４ａを開放して、ポンプ４ｂを起動し、
上記と全く同様の操作を数回、通常２回から５回程度繰
り返す。When all the backwash water is discharged out of the tower body 1, the on-off valve 3a of the drain pipe 3 is closed, and the on-off valve 4a of the backwash water supply pipe 4 is opened to start the pump 4b. ,
The same operation as described above is repeated several times, usually about 2 to 5 times.
【００２２】本実施の形態によれば、大気圧平衡下で逆
洗水の水位を所定値に設定した後、ろ過水室１ｂ内に所
定圧力の圧縮空気層を形成している。従って、逆洗開始
時におけるろ過水室１ｂ内の逆洗水の水位と圧縮空気層
の圧力の両方を、効果的な逆洗が期待できる好ましい値
（所定値）に設定してから逆洗を行うことができる。According to the present embodiment, after the level of the backwash water is set to a predetermined value under atmospheric pressure equilibrium, a compressed air layer of a predetermined pressure is formed in the filtered water chamber 1b. Therefore, the backwashing is performed after setting both the level of the backwash water in the filtered water chamber 1b and the pressure of the compressed air layer at the start of the backwash to a preferable value (predetermined value) where an effective backwash can be expected. It can be carried out.
【００２３】図２は、本発明の第２の実施の形態にかか
るプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法を説明するための図で
ある。図１と同じ符号は同じ部材を示すが、本実施の形
態においては、目板１ａの下部に形成されるエレメント
室１ｃ内の水位を検知するための液面計９ｃが、ろ過水
室１ｂ用の液面計９ａとは別に配設されている点で異な
る。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Although the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same members, in the present embodiment, a liquid level gauge 9c for detecting a water level in an element chamber 1c formed below the eye panel 1a is provided for the filtered water chamber 1b. In that it is provided separately from the liquid level gauge 9a.
【００２４】本実施の形態においても、上記第１の実施
の形態で説明したように、ろ過水室１ｂ内の逆洗開始時
の水位と圧縮空気層の圧力を所定値に設定してから逆洗
を開始する点では同じであり、設定しようとする値（所
定値）の決定方法も同じであるが、設定方法が異なる。
すなわち、上記第１の実施の形態で説明した手段と同様
の方法により、図４のグラフに示したように、圧縮空気
層の圧力を考慮して適切な逆洗水の水位を決定したなら
ば、次に、予めエレメント室１ｃ内に大気圧平衡下で溜
めておく逆洗水の初期水位を決定する。具体的には、エ
レメント室１ｃ内の初期水位をどの程度にすると、ポン
プ４ｂを起動して逆洗水を圧入しただけで、ろ過水室１
ｂ内において所望の逆洗水の水位と圧縮空気層の圧力が
得られるかを決定しておく。Also in this embodiment, as described in the first embodiment, the water level and the pressure of the compressed air layer at the start of backwashing in the filtered water chamber 1b are set to predetermined values, and then the reverse is performed. This is the same in starting the washing, and the method of determining the value to be set (predetermined value) is the same, but the setting method is different.
That is, as shown in the graph of FIG. 4, if the appropriate backwash water level is determined in consideration of the pressure of the compressed air layer by the same method as the means described in the first embodiment. Next, the initial water level of the backwash water previously stored in the element chamber 1c under atmospheric pressure equilibrium is determined. Specifically, the initial water level in the element chamber 1c is set to a certain level, and only the pump 4b is started to inject backwash water into the filter water chamber 1c.
It is determined whether the desired backwash water level and the pressure of the compressed air layer can be obtained in b.
【００２５】初期水位が決定したならば、ろ過により差
圧が高くなった時点で、図２（ａ）に示したように、被
処理水の供給を停止した後、ろ過水排出管５の開閉弁５
ａを閉じ、空気抜き管６の開閉弁６ａ及びドレン管３の
開閉弁３ａを開放し、塔本体１内に残留している被処理
水を全て排出する。次に、図２（ｂ）に示したように、
ドレン管３の開閉弁３ａを閉じる一方、空気抜き管６の
開閉弁６ａは開放したまま、逆洗水供給管４の開閉弁４
ａを開放し、ポンプ４ｂを起動して逆洗水を大気圧平衡
下、液面計９ｃに基づき、決定した初期水位に至るまで
エレメント室１ｃ内に供給する。Once the initial water level is determined, when the pressure difference is increased by filtration, the supply of the water to be treated is stopped as shown in FIG. Valve 5
is closed, the on-off valve 6a of the air vent pipe 6 and the on-off valve 3a of the drain pipe 3 are opened, and all the water to be treated remaining in the tower body 1 is discharged. Next, as shown in FIG.
While the on-off valve 3a of the drain pipe 3 is closed, while the on-off valve 6a of the air vent pipe 6 is open, the on-off valve 4a of the backwash water supply pipe 4 is kept open.
a is opened, the pump 4b is started, and the backwash water is supplied to the element chamber 1c under atmospheric pressure equilibrium up to the initial water level determined based on the liquid level gauge 9c.
【００２６】次に、図２（ｃ）に示したように、空気抜
き管６の開閉弁６ａを閉じ、液面計９ａにより、目板１
ａ上のろ過水室１ｂ内に保有される逆洗水の水位が所定
値に至るまで圧入する。本実施の形態によれば、ろ過水
室１ｂ内に保有される逆洗水の水位が所定値に至ったな
らば、その上方に形成される圧縮空気層の圧力が所定値
に至るように初期水位が決定されているため、逆洗水の
水位が所定値に至っていれば、圧縮空気層の圧力も所定
値に至っている。従って、図２（ｄ）に示したように、
ドレン管３の開閉弁３ａを開放して逆洗を開始したなら
ば、上記第１の実施の形態と同様に、効果的な逆洗が行
われる。Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the on-off valve 6a of the air vent pipe 6 is closed, and the level plate 9 is measured by the liquid level meter 9a.
Press-in until the water level of the backwash water held in the filtered water chamber 1b above a reaches a predetermined value. According to the present embodiment, when the level of the backwash water held in the filtered water chamber 1b reaches a predetermined value, the pressure of the compressed air layer formed above the backwash water reaches the predetermined value so as to reach the predetermined value. Since the water level is determined, if the water level of the backwash water has reached a predetermined value, the pressure of the compressed air layer has also reached a predetermined value. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
When the on-off valve 3a of the drain pipe 3 is opened to start backwashing, effective backwashing is performed as in the first embodiment.
【００２７】ろ過水室１ｂ内の逆洗水の水位が目板１ａ
以下になったならば、空気抜き管６の開閉弁６ａを開放
して逆洗排水を排出し、再び、エレメント室１ｃ内で初
期水位に至るまで逆洗水を供給して、上記操作を数回繰
り返す。The level of the backwash water in the filtration water chamber 1b is equal to
If it becomes less than the above, the on-off valve 6a of the air vent pipe 6 is opened to discharge the backwash water, and the backwash water is again supplied to the initial water level in the element chamber 1c, and the above operation is repeated several times. repeat.
【００２８】図３は、本発明の第３の実施の形態にかか
るプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法を説明するための図で
ある。本実施の形態にかかる逆洗方法は、上記第２の実
施の形態とほぼ同様であり、詳細は省略するが、第２の
実施の形態では、初期水位から逆洗水の圧入を開始した
後、ろ過水室１ｂ内での逆洗水の水位が所定値に至った
時点で逆洗水の圧入を停止しているのに対し、本実施の
形態では、ろ過水室１ｂに圧力計９ｂを設け、ろ過水室
１ｂ内の圧縮空気層の圧力が所定値に至った時点で逆洗
水の圧入を停止している点で異なる。FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The backwashing method according to the present embodiment is substantially the same as the above-described second embodiment, and details are omitted. However, in the second embodiment, after the injection of the backwash water from the initial water level is started. On the other hand, the injection of the backwash water is stopped when the water level of the backwash water in the filtered water chamber 1b reaches a predetermined value, whereas in the present embodiment, the pressure gauge 9b is provided in the filtered water chamber 1b. The difference is that the injection of the backwash water is stopped when the pressure of the compressed air layer in the filtered water chamber 1b reaches a predetermined value.
【００２９】エレメント室１ｃ内における初期水位の決
定方法が上記第２の実施の形態と全く同様であるため、
ろ過水室１ｂ内の圧縮空気層の圧力が所定値に至れば、
必然的にろ過水室１ｂ内の逆洗水の水位が所定値に至
る。従って、本実施の形態においても、ろ過水室１ｂ内
の逆洗開始時の水位と圧縮空気層の圧力を所定値に設定
してから逆洗を開始することができ、効果的な逆洗を行
うことができる。Since the method of determining the initial water level in the element chamber 1c is exactly the same as in the second embodiment,
When the pressure of the compressed air layer in the filtered water chamber 1b reaches a predetermined value,
Inevitably, the level of the backwash water in the filtered water chamber 1b reaches a predetermined value. Therefore, also in the present embodiment, the backwashing can be started after setting the water level and the pressure of the compressed air layer in the filtered water chamber 1b at the start of the backwashing to a predetermined value. It can be carried out.
【００３０】なお、上記した各開閉弁としては自動弁を
採用することができることはもちろんである。また、上
記した説明では、ろ過水室１ｂ内の水位を液面計９ａに
より、圧力を圧力計９ｂにより検出し、エレメント室１
ｃ内の水位を液面計９ｃにより検出しているが、自動弁
やポンプ等に電気信号を発信してそれらの作動を自動制
御すべく、液面計９ａ，９ｃとしてレベルスイッチを採
用し、圧力計９ｂとして圧力スイッチを採用することが
できることももちろんである。It is needless to say that an automatic valve can be adopted as each of the above-mentioned on-off valves. In the above description, the water level in the filtered water chamber 1b is detected by the liquid level gauge 9a, and the pressure is detected by the pressure gauge 9b.
Although the water level in c is detected by the liquid level gauge 9c, a level switch is adopted as the liquid level gauges 9a and 9c in order to automatically control the operation by transmitting an electric signal to an automatic valve, a pump, or the like. Needless to say, a pressure switch can be employed as the pressure gauge 9b.
【００３１】[0031]
【発明の効果】本発明のプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法
によれば、圧縮空気層の圧力をプリーツ膜フィルタにと
って適切な圧力に設定するだけでなく、逆洗開始時にお
けるろ過水室内の逆洗水の水位と圧縮空気層の圧力の両
方を、予め所定値に設定してから逆洗を行っている。従
って、この所定値を効果的な逆洗が期待できる値に設定
すれば、逆洗水量と逆洗流速のバランスを適切にとるこ
とができ、逆洗効率を従来よりも向上させることができ
る。According to the method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter of the present invention, not only is the pressure of the compressed air layer set to an appropriate pressure for the pleated membrane filter, but also the backwash in the filtration water chamber at the start of the backwash. Backwashing is performed after setting both the water level of the water and the pressure of the compressed air layer to predetermined values in advance. Therefore, if this predetermined value is set to a value at which effective backwashing can be expected, the backwash water amount and the backwash flow rate can be appropriately balanced, and the backwashing efficiency can be improved as compared with the conventional case.
【図１】本発明の第１の実施の形態にかかるプリーツ膜
フィルタの逆洗方法を説明するための図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】本発明の第２の実施の形態にかかるプリーツ膜
フィルタの逆洗方法を説明するための図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a backwash method of a pleated membrane filter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図３】本発明の第３の実施の形態にかかるプリーツ膜
フィルタの逆洗方法を説明するための図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図４】逆洗時にプリーツ膜フィルタを構成するろ過膜
に与えられる総流動エネルギー比と水容積比との関係を
示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a total flow energy ratio and a water volume ratio given to a filtration membrane constituting a pleated membrane filter during backwashing.
【図５】従来のプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法を説明す
るための図である。FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a conventional backwashing method of a pleated membrane filter.
１ 塔本体 ２ プリーツ膜フィルタ ３ ドレン管 ４ 逆洗水供給管 ５ ろ過水排出管 ６ 空気抜き管 ７ 圧縮空気供給管 ８ 圧縮機 ９ａ 液面計 ９ｂ 圧力計 ９ｃ 液面計 1 Tower body 2 Pleated membrane filter 3 Drain pipe 4 Backwash water supply pipe 5 Filtration water discharge pipe 6 Air vent pipe 7 Compressed air supply pipe 8 Compressor 9a Liquid level gauge 9b Pressure gauge 9c Liquid level gauge
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｂ０１Ｄ 29/06 ５１０Ｚ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B01D 29/06 510Z
Claims (4)
配設されたプリーツ膜フィルタに対し、目板を境に上部
に形成されるろ過水室内に圧縮空気層を形成し、該圧縮
空気層の膨張作用により、逆洗水の水位を急速に押し下
げ、該逆洗水をプリーツ膜フィルタの内側から外側へと
流出させることにより逆洗を行うプリーツ膜フィルタの
逆洗方法において、 ろ過水室内における逆洗水の逆洗開始時の水位と圧縮空
気層の圧力とを所定値に設定して行うことを特徴とする
プリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法。1. A compressed air layer is formed in a filtered water chamber formed at an upper portion of a pleated membrane filter supported and disposed on a mesh plate provided in a tower main body. The backwashing method of the pleated membrane filter, in which the backwash water is rapidly depressed by the expansion action of the air layer and the backwash water flows out from the inside to the outside of the pleated membrane filter to perform backwashing, A method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter, comprising setting a water level at the start of backwashing in a room and a pressure of a compressed air layer to predetermined values.
洗方法であって、ろ過水室内における逆洗水の逆洗開始
時の水位を、大気圧平衡下で所定値に設定した後、ろ過
水室内の空気層を加圧してその圧力を所定値に設定する
ことを特徴とするプリーツ膜フィルタの逆洗方法。2. The method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to claim 1, wherein the water level at the start of the backwash in the filtered water chamber is set to a predetermined value under atmospheric pressure equilibrium. A method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter, comprising pressurizing an air layer in a water chamber and setting the pressure to a predetermined value.
洗方法であって、目板を境に下部に形成されるエレメン
ト室内に供給する逆洗水の初期水位を、該初期水位から
ろ過水室内での水位が所定値に至るまで逆洗水を圧入し
た場合に、ろ過水室内に所定値の圧力を有する圧縮空気
層が形成される水位として予め決定しておき、大気圧平
衡下、塔本体の下部より、該初期水位に至るまで逆洗水
をエレメント室内に供給し、次に、ろ過水室内での逆洗
水の水位が所定値に至るまで逆洗水を圧入して、ろ過水
室内における逆洗水の逆洗開始時の水位と圧縮空気層の
圧力とを所定値に設定することを特徴とするプリーツ膜
フィルタの逆洗方法。3. The method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to claim 1, wherein an initial water level of the backwash water supplied into an element chamber formed below the perforated board is reduced from the initial water level. When backwashing water is injected until the water level in the room reaches a predetermined value, the water level is determined in advance as a water level at which a compressed air layer having a predetermined value of pressure is formed in the filtration water chamber, and the column is adjusted under atmospheric pressure equilibrium. From the lower part of the main body, backwash water is supplied to the element chamber up to the initial water level, and then the backwash water is press-fitted until the water level of the backwash water in the filtered water chamber reaches a predetermined value. A method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter, comprising setting a water level and a pressure of a compressed air layer at the start of backwashing in a room to a predetermined value.
洗方法であって、目板を境に下部に形成されるエレメン
ト室内に供給する逆洗水の初期水位を、該初期水位から
ろ過水室内での水位が所定値に至るまで逆洗水を圧入し
た場合に、ろ過水室内に所定値の圧力を有する圧縮空気
層が形成される水位として予め決定しておき、大気圧平
衡下、塔本体の下部より、該初期水位に至るまで逆洗水
をエレメント室内に供給し、次に、ろ過水室内の空気層
の圧力が所定値に至るまで逆洗水を圧入して、ろ過水室
内における逆洗水の逆洗開始時の水位と圧縮空気層の圧
力とを所定値に設定することを特徴とするプリーツ膜フ
ィルタの逆洗方法。4. The method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter according to claim 1, wherein an initial water level of the backwash water supplied into an element chamber formed below the perforated board is reduced from the initial water level. When backwashing water is injected until the water level in the room reaches a predetermined value, the water level is determined in advance as a water level at which a compressed air layer having a predetermined value of pressure is formed in the filtration water chamber, and the column is adjusted under atmospheric pressure equilibrium. From the lower part of the main body, backwash water is supplied into the element chamber until the initial water level is reached, and then the backwash water is press-fitted until the pressure of the air layer in the filtered water chamber reaches a predetermined value. A method for backwashing a pleated membrane filter, comprising setting a water level and a pressure of a compressed air layer at the start of backwashing water to a predetermined value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10242027A JP2000070684A (en) | 1998-08-27 | 1998-08-27 | Backwashing of pleated membrane filter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10242027A JP2000070684A (en) | 1998-08-27 | 1998-08-27 | Backwashing of pleated membrane filter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000070684A true JP2000070684A (en) | 2000-03-07 |
| JP2000070684A5 JP2000070684A5 (en) | 2005-09-02 |
Family
ID=17083190
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10242027A Pending JP2000070684A (en) | 1998-08-27 | 1998-08-27 | Backwashing of pleated membrane filter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2000070684A (en) |
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