ITRM20130404A1 - METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF FUNCTIONING OF A RAILWAY DEVIATOA, AND ITS DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM. - Google Patents

Description

Barzanò & Zanardo

1

Method for diagnosing the functioning of a railway switch, and related diagnosis system

On behalf of: Tecnologie Meccaniche S.r.l., Tesys S.p.A., Deltatech di Fondriest Ivan Giovanni

Inventors: Gianfranco TINTI, Gianni FONDRIEST, Erino CRESTINI

The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing the operation of a railway switch, and related diagnosis system.

More precisely, the present invention relates to a diagnostic pin designed to replace the current pins used to connect the tie rods of the switch boxes from railway switches, with the external tie rod connected to the needles of the switch. The method of the invention allows the diagnosis of the railway switch in particular by using the pin of the invention.

With reference to Figure 1, the current pins FS 10 are used to connect the tie rods of the switch boxes 600 from the turnout 1000, type P80 and L90, with the external tie rod 300 connected to the needles (approach 200 and distance 400) of the switch.

These pins 10, one for each needle, are directly subjected to the loads exerted either by the train or by the operating phases of the switch boxes.

In particular, with reference to Figures 1 and 7, under standard maintenance conditions, i.e.

AP / A-17465 optimal adjustment of the linkage connected to the switch needles the force applied between the tie rod 500 of the switch box and the tie rod 300 connected to the switch needle is close to zero; this adjustment must normally be performed twice a year Summer / Winter to take into account the operating temperature and is carried out by adding or subtracting thicknesses from one millimeter between the leg 250 of the tie rod connected to the needle 200 and the needle itself.

In theory, at 10 ° in winter and 30 ° in summer, the force applied between the tie rod 500 of the control box and the tie rod 300 connected to the switch needle must be close to zero.

Documents EP0709661 and WO2004 / 031712 are known which concern generic diagnostic systems of the type described above.

Document W002090166 which describes a system for monitoring the conditions of a railway installation is also known. The system comprises a plurality of sensors associated with elements of the installation for monitoring the parameters indicative of the operating capacity of the plant. The system includes means for processing the monitored parameters to determine if the parameters change from reference values and to determine if the changes are indicative of an increased risk of plant malfunction.

The object of the present invention is a diagnostic pin which has diagnostic capabilities of the tensions it experiences and is resistant to such tensions during the various traction phases.

A further specific object of the present invention is a diagnostic system which makes use of the pin object of the present invention.

A further specific object of the present invention is a railway switch with the diagnostic system which is the object of the invention.

Furthermore, the above adjustment has significant variations between summer and winter because the lengthening or shortening of the needle, which has a triangular section in contact with the contrago which is rectangular, causes an increase or decrease in the traction on the tie rod. needle and therefore an increase in the force read by the diagnostic pin since the control box tie rod is blocked by the internal mechanism (switch retainer).

Therefore, in the event that the linkage is not properly adjusted (Summer / Winter) and the force acting between the tie rod of the switch box and the tie rod connected to the switch needle is higher than the maneuver threshold tolerated by the switch box, and if the FS control cabin commanded the electrical switching of the switch, it would happen that the electrical position control could not be acquired (the driving force of the switch box would not be sufficient to overcome the jamming) and therefore the switch should be blocked because it , without electric position control, it would no longer be accessible from the train.

A further object of the invention is therefore to provide a method for diagnosing the operation of a railway switch which solves the problems and overcomes the drawbacks deriving from the use of the diagnostic pin which is the object of the invention.

The object of the present invention is a method for diagnosing the operation of a railway switch comprising the use of maneuvering pins including strain gauges for measuring the voltages to which they are subject, the method being characterized by carrying out the following steps: FI. Measuring the tensions on at least one of said pins as the temperature of the railway switch varies in a plurality of railway switches for a predetermined time and for identical mechanical conditions of the switches;

F2. Plot a curve of the tensions on the pins as a function of the temperature on the basis of the data recorded in phase FI;

F3. Theoretically retrace the curve of phase F2 for a turnout. specific rail having corresponding specific mechanical conditions, based on the F2 curve and mathematical functions;

F4. Continuously measure the temperature T0 of the specific railway switch;

F5. Continuously determine the temperature Tb closest to the temperature T0 for which the switch would be blocked;

F6. If the absolute value of T0-Tb is less than a threshold value ΠΤΒ, generate an anomaly signal.

Preferably according to the invention, after a mechanical calibration of the railway switch, the steps from F3 to F6 are carried out again.

Preferably according to the invention, the railway switch comprises two tie rods which can be inward or outward, characterized in that the phase FI is carried out by measuring the tensions on one of the tie rods when it is inward.

A further specific object of the present invention is a system for diagnosing the operation of a railway switch, characterized in that it comprises a diagnostic system for electrical maneuvers integrated in a railway switch, the railway switch comprising exchange needles and one or more maneuver pins , each pin hingedly connecting a first end of an internal operating tie-rod to an electric switch box and a second end of an external operating tie-rod connected to said exchange needles, the diagnostic system comprising said one or more operating pins and :

- each of said one or more operating pins comprises one or more sensors housed in suitable seats positioned so that said first and said second ends act simultaneously on each of said one or more sensors on its respective complementary portions contiguous in the direction of the axis of the pin;

THE

- each of said one or more operating pins is connected to a respective acquisition logic board for acquiring sensor measurements housed in a respective watertight box;

- said one or more sensors comprise wiring for detecting the measurement signal and bringing it to said a respective acquisition logic card and subsequently to an interface for transmitting the measurements to a diagnostic center; an accelerometer is further housed in said respective watertight box, connected to said respective acquisition logic board;

the system being further characterized in that it comprises an electronic processor equipped with means for carrying out steps F3, F5 and F6 of the method according to the invention.

Preferably according to the invention, a temperature sensor is housed in one of the seats, connected to said respective acquisition logic card, the temperature T0 being measured by said temperature sensor.

Preferably according to the invention, said one or more sensors are four strain gauges forming a strain gauge bridge.

Preferably according to the invention, said interface comprises a modem, in particular a conveyed wave modem, adapted to send measurement data to said diagnostic center.

Preferably according to the invention, in each watertight box there is housed said respective acquisition logic card including a memory card, for data transmission, in the watertight box furthermore there is one or more watertight fittings, for connection with said wiring.

Preferably according to the invention, each operating pin comprises four sensors in seats formed in the pin and aligned two by two along an axis transverse to the axis of the pin, and therefore two by two along two respective axes parallel to the axis of the pin. , between two seats along said respective axes parallel to the axis of the pin, a groove for connecting wiring between sensors is obtained.

Preferably according to the invention, the system comprises two operating pins, a master pin and a slave pin connected by appropriate electrical wiring, only the master pin being connected to said interface, which in particular comprises a power supply box for the interface and an acquisition logic board.

The invention will now be described for illustrative but not limitative purposes, with particular reference to the drawings of the attached figures, in which:

Figure 1 shows a railway switch according to the known art;

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the diagnostic system according to the invention;

figure 3 shows a perspective view (a) and a top view (b) of the diagnostic pin according to the invention;

Figure 4 shows an exploded view of the pin according to the invention with the box in which it is mounted;

Figure 5 shows a block diagram of the electronic components of the pin according to an embodiment of the invention;

figure 6 shows a general block diagram of the system according to the invention, in one of its embodiments;

- figure 7 shows the assembly between the external operating tie-rod, the pin and the internal operating tie-rod;

figure 8 shows a section of the device of figure 7, with the directions of the applied forces; - figure 9 shows a graph with the needle pin readings affected by the force applied by the train wheel (line with triangles) or by the control box (line with squares) and the readings of the unaffected needle (line without symbol and line with headbands);

- figure 10 shows a graph with the detected trend of the force as a function of the temperature of the turnout.

For the design of the diagnostic system according to the invention, the technical specification IS 201 for electrical switching operations of type P80 / L90 was taken into consideration as the primary document, which identifies the functional range of the fundamental parameters of the equipment. The Technical Standard IS 334 was also taken as a reference, specific for FS linkages and therefore relating to the pins currently used to connect electrical switches from switches to the maneuver and control linkages.

The diagnostic system for electrical turnout maneuvers (see fig. 2) according to the invention is a sophisticated measuring instrument 100 consisting of a pin 10 which in one embodiment functions as a master operating pin and is associated with a master box (with which forms a master pivot unit), a pivot 10 which functions as a slave pivot and is associated with a slave box (with which it forms a slave pivot unit), a power supply container where modems for transmission are housed data 40 and a power supply 30. There are sheathed cables for connecting the maneuvering pins 50 and for connecting the power supply 60.

The diagnostic system for electrical turnout operations according to the invention is essentially based on reading the data detected by the two diagnostic pins; the information from the pin sensors is sent to the electronic boards placed in the logic heads of the pins. The electronic board of the master pin in turn sends the data to a data collection center via a power line modem. Normally only the anomalies found during the acquisition of the measurements are reported to the data collection center.

With reference to Figures 3 and 4, the master pivot unit comprises a pivot 10 mounted in a watertight box 70 housing an accelerometer, a data acquisition logic, a memory card and a necessary logic, indicated as a whole with reference 71, for data transmission to the conveyed wave modem; in the lower part of the box there are two PMA 72 and 73 watertight fittings, one for connection to the power supply box and one for connection to the slave operating pin unit.

The pivot element 10 is shown in Figure 3, and is in particular made of tempered C40 which faithfully follows the dimensions of the pivot currently used in the FS linkage; the pivot is instrumented to detect the loads acting between the control rod of the control box and the fork of the control rod of the rod connected to a needle of the switch.

A strain gauge bridge is housed in the pin 10 (figure 3 (a)). It is a Wheatstone bridge, which measures current variations between the two branches by elastic deformation of the resistances glued to the pin (not shown). The resistances are housed, on the side visible in the figure, in the seats 12a and 12b (two identical seats are on the opposite side not shown). The bridge is used to measure longitudinal forces. The groove 11 between the two seats 12a and 12b serves for the passage of the electrical wires connecting the strain gauge bridge to the electronic board (see Figure 4). These wires pass through the two holes 13a, 13b in the head of the pin 14 shown in Figure 3 (b).

The slave maneuvering pin consists of a watertight box 80 where the accelerometer, the data acquisition logic, the memory card and the logic necessary for data transmission to the master pin are housed; in the lower part of the box there is a watertight PMA fitting for connection with the master operating pin.

Returning to the master pin unit of Figure 4, the master box 70 encloses an electronic card A / D 71 for converting the signal coming from the strain gauge bridge located in the seats 12a and 12b. The box externally comprises fins 74 to prevent rotation and two electrical connection sleeves 72,73. The sleeve 72 is a guide for electric cables from which the sheathed power connection cable 60 of Figure 2 then starts, while the sleeve 73 is a guide for electric cables that connects the master pin to the slave pin.

Figure 5 shows a block diagram of the master pin unit. Figure 6 shows a block diagram of the overall diagnostic system, with the electrical and information flows illustrated above.

In one embodiment, the diagnostic system for electrical switch operations according to the invention, created in particular to be used on switches of all armaments (46-50-60 kg / m), has the following technical characteristics:

- Operating temperature. The system designed to guarantee acquisitions with temperatures ranging from -25 ° C to 70 ° C;

- Relative humidity: the Diagnostic System for electrical turnout maneuvers is designed to guarantee acquisitions with relative humidity between 4% and 95%.

For the measurement of the parameters, there are two independent sensors, a strain gauge bridge and an accelerometer. The accelerometer in particular is also used as a system switch (upon arrival of the train) which is normally in stand-by.

The application of the strain gauges, in the appropriate seats, is carried out with adhesives and procedures suitable to guarantee the resistance to the accelerations foreseen for the operating area. The waterproofing is suitable for installation in the A9 railway environment (N.T. IS402). The components for the strain gage interconnection, the thermal compensation, the strain gauge measuring amplifiers are installed in the housing above the diagnostic pin.

The parameters that can be detected by the diagnostic pin are the following according to specific non-limiting tests carried out:

- Drag: 0 ÷ 3.000 mV = from - 30.000 N to 30.000 N (1.500 mV = 0 N)

- Acceleration: 50 mV = lg

The process is divided into 3 fundamental states:

- Data detection with switch at rest;

- Data collection at the passage of the train;

- Data recording when the turnout is moved.

Depending on the type of signal read by the accelerometer, the system will go into one of the data detection states. During the detection phase, the necessary operations will be performed on the data and the message to be sent via the communication form will be prepared. A message will be sent only if the read values (for the measurement in progress) exceed one or more previously configured thresholds.

The power supply voltage Vcc comes from the power supply which in turn uses the 150Vac power supply available in the terminal box of the control box.

The ADC blocks ("Analogie Digital Converter") are used to convert the analog input signals into digital. Sampling occurs at a frequency of about 10 kHz, and the resolution of each sample is 12 bits.

Below we report the architecture of the system, with the various functional blocks.

The power supply and the power line modem are housed in a power supply box; the whole system absorbs less than 1W with all functions turned on.

The diagnostic system according to the invention acquires the following data:

- Tamping level

- Lubrication level of the exchange sliding bearings

- Functionality level of the electrical operation

- Interlocking level according to the thermal expansion of the needle

And it can also record further quantities:

- Identification of the turnout number (upon configuration);

- Clock-calendar (upon configuration); - Number of trains running through the exchange (with the accelerometer);

- Temperature (specific temperature sensor placed directly on the pin in the seat 12a).

All these data can be acquired by connecting the P80 Diagnostic System directly to a local or remote Personal Computer (with appropriate interfaces). The P80 Diagnostic System, in the presence of anomalies, sends, when interrogated by a data collection center, four types of alarm:

A. lack of adjustment of the maneuvering and control linkages of the P80 (rest state, no maneuver / no train);

B. trailing (no maneuver but under the train), alarm from 400 to 1400 daN;

C. Needle dragging failure (when maneuvering not under train) alarm from 400 to 500 daN;

D. tamping defect of the exchange sleepers (no maneuver but under train) alarm after an established acceleration level (alarm triggered by the reading carried out by the accelerometer).

At the time of assembly on the control box, the diagnostic kit must be configured to have all the elements involved (pins, interface, etc.) recognized and then communicated.All the acquired data are stored in the memory of the Diagnostic System according to the invention, data identified as a deviation from the standard will be sent to the Data Collection Center when the Diagnostic System is interrogated while the other data can be consulted with a Personal Computer which will, through a specific software, evaluate them and record them as a characteristic database of that exchange.

Accelerometer function

The use of an accelerometer placed in the watertight box of the pin has very specific functions and represents a solution to a problem of the prior art.

The functions of the accelerometer are as follows: - trigger start (end) measurement, given by the detection of an acceleration as the train passes;

- ballast deficiency detection, based on the accelerations detected as the train passes.

If 1 <1> accelerometer were not mounted, the pin could only be used as a "measuring instrument" and not as a monitoring system, as the acquisition command would be missing. This function (trigger) could be performed by other systems, for example photocell or magnetic sensor, but these would be less solid and reliable because they could be influenced by external factors such as dirt, snow, etc.

The accelerometric signal is instead linked to an important event such as the presence of a convoy, the only condition to set the rail in dynamic motion.

In any case, the problem of the detection of ballast deficiency would remain to be solved. The accelerometer says that the rail is moving vertically with significant accelerations (non-geological accelerations or due to slow failure).

When train arrival is thus determined, acceleration with high sampling frequency (200-300 ms) is continuously acquired. When the acceleration exceeds certain absolute values for a certain time, then it means that the rail has yielded and there is a shortage of ballast (tamping). The operators can then intervene consistently.

Drag force measurement and anomaly signaling

Below are the operating phases and the loads related to the P80 switch box for the 60 kg / m armament, loads that are higher than those found with the L90 switch box for the 50 kg / m armament:

- Phase 1: stop box with train travel on the approached needle 50 ÷ 200 daN;

- Phase 2: case in dragging status of the needles 150 ÷ 250 daN;

- Phase 3: body in a state of friction (obstacle in dragging) 500 ÷ 600 daN;

- Phase 4: Cash register in trailing state by the train 800 ÷ 1000 daN.

The loads identified in these operating phases were detected with two instrumented pins; for a more immediate reading, in the graph below in figure 9, two tensioning phases have been inserted which were not recorded at the same time.

The Gouge and Friction graphs show the needle pin readings affected by the force applied by the train wheel (line with triangles) or by the control box (line with squares) and the readings of the unaffected needle (line without symbol and line with headbands).

The direction of the forces applied on the pins is a function of the type of operating phase of the control box and the position of the box tie rods which can be in tie rods or tie rods or out.

To highlight the direction of the applied force, figure 7 shows the assembly between an external operating rod 300, a pin 10 and an internal operating rod 500, and in figure 8 the assembly has been sectioned to show the directions of the applied forces. The two tie rods are hinged together with the pin. In fact, the tie rod 300 has a bifurcated end 310, 320, while the tie rod 500 has a single end 510 which plays inside the bifurcated end, thanks to the pin 10. It is observed in figure 8 the strain gauge bridge 20, which interacts with the ends of the tie rods, so that each strain gauge is covered on a complementary part by a respective end; In fact, the single end 510 covers two neighboring halves of two strain gauges aligned along an axis parallel to the axis of the pin, while the bifurcations 310,320 of the end of the other strain gauge cover the farthest halves of the two strain gauges. In this embodiment, the strain gauges 20 are four, two by two, aligned along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the pin, so as to detect all the stresses involved in the hinge.

In phase 1 of the reverse stop box with the train traveling on the approached needle, the direction of the forces is FI and F2 respectively for the inward and outward tie rods. The directions of FI and F2 during the passage of the train with the switchboard stop change the direction according to the supports of the needle crossed by the train wheel.

In phase 2 of case in the state of dragging of the needles, the directions of the forces are F2 and FI as in the figure for the dragging from tie rods out to tie rods in while the directions of FI and F2 are reversed in the dragging from tie rods in with tie rods out.

In phase 3 of case in friction, the directions of the forces are F2 and FI inside with the same directions as in phase 2 of dragging the needles.

In phase 4 of body subjected to trailing, the forces F2 and FI have the same direction, from left to right (with respect to the section in figure 8) for trailing from in-in to out-of-tie rods and from right to left for trailing from tie-rods outward to inward tie rods A comparison was also made between the pin according to the invention and the FS pin by comparing their shear resistance as the pin is subjected to this type of stress in the event of maneuvering or trailing . Other types of stress are completely negligible.

Considering the material and dimensions for the FS pin of the prior art, we obtain the maximum force to which the pin resists shear (before yielding):

= _1⁄2_ = 4 7a- → r _ <σ> ^ <Α> 90.634 / V

S 3 A <nm> 4V3

where 3⁄4 is the yield strength of the material used and Tmax is the maximum shear force and A is the section of the pin.

In the case of the pin according to the present invention, neglecting the variation of the static moment and the moment of inertia of the section, the solution of the problem for the circular section is considered valid. Considering the section with the greatest tapering and a more robust material, in particular Fe 630 or tempered C40 which have similar characteristics, we obtain:

, _ <7S3A _ 420- 3 <■> 558

101.484N

"“ <'> 4V3 <"> 4. V3

As evidenced by this result, the decrease in the resistant section of the pin according to the invention (-8.8%) does not decrease the static resistance to shear stress since the use of a material with a more performing yielding sigma ( + 22%) compensates and improves the value reached by the FS pin in the above static verification:

FS pin - 90.634 N <Invention pin - 101.484 N

Using the thermal probe

The diagnostic pin involves the insertion of a thermal probe but above all the correlation of the force measurement (preferably with the tie rod retracted) with the temperature detected on the rail, even with another thermal sensor.

This allows to evaluate the correct regulation of the neutral point of force and therefore to predict the temperature at which the exchange block could occur.

Normally the neutral point is correctly determined, but there can be a deviation due to many causes and therefore you may be closer or closer to a blocking situation.

The reference temperature can be either the one detected by the pin or the one detected by the sensors on the railway network, therefore the insertion of the thermal probe is not strictly necessary.

With reference to Figure 10, with the operation of the sensors, a force curve is determined (thanks to the strain gauges) as a function of the temperature for a generic control box. This is achieved by collecting data from a plurality of switch boxes over a more or less long period of time, ideally a year. The method that will be described below also works roughly with data collection over a shorter period of time, adding calibration as the measurement is completed.

The resulting curve is as in figure 10. This curve is a symmetrical curve with respect to the theoretical neutral point and is obtained in correspondence with predefined mechanical parameters of the control box. In fact, you can physically act on these parameters and then the curve will change. However, this change can also be made in a theoretical way, according to known theoretical functions, starting from the measured curve.

This fact is useful because each switch box is regulated differently, and therefore the curve to be used for each switch box can be determined.

At this point, the current temperature T of the exchange is identified and, thanks to the particularized curve, the value of the force exerted on the pins is obtained.

Subsequently, the temperature distance DT is determined at which this force value becomes too large and causes a blocking of the exchange. Therefore, if T ΠΤ is less than a threshold value, then an anomaly signal is generated.

On the basis of this signaling, the control box can be mechanically adjusted in order to re-center the curve of figure 10. A new curve is thus recalculated as above and the control starts again.

In this way, a continuous monitoring of the functioning capacity of the exchange is carried out in the short and medium term, and this for each particular switchboard, providing a diagnostic tool capable of preventing blockages of the exchange.

In the foregoing, the preferred embodiments have been described and variants of the present invention have been suggested, but it is to be understood that those skilled in the art will be able to make modifications and changes without thereby departing from the relative scope of protection, as defined by the claims attached.

Claims (10)

CLAIMS 1) Method for diagnosing the functioning of a railway switch (1000) comprising the use of maneuvering pins (10) including sensors for measuring the voltages to which they are subject, the method being characterized by carrying out the following steps : FI. Measuring the voltages on at least one of said pins (10) as the temperature of the railway switch (1000) varies in a plurality of railway switches for a predetermined time and for identical mechanical conditions of the switches; F2. Determine a curve of the stresses on the pins (10) as a function of the temperature on the basis of the data recorded in step FI; F3. Theoretically re-determining the curve of phase F2 for a specific railway switch having corresponding specific mechanical conditions, on the basis of the curve of F2 and theoretical functions; F4. Continuously measure the temperature T0 of the specific railway switch; F5. Continuously determine the temperature Tb closest to the temperature T0 for which the turnout would be blocked; F6. If the absolute value of T0-Tb is less than a threshold value ΠΤ3, generate an anomaly signal. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after a mechanical calibration of the railway switch (1000), the steps from F3 to F6 are carried out again. 3) Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the railway switch (1000) comprises two tie rods which can be in or out, characterized in that the phase FI is carried out by measuring the stresses on one of the tie rods (500) when is in. 4) System for diagnosing the functioning of a railway switch, characterized by the fact of comprising a diagnostic subsystem for electrical maneuvers integrated in a railway switch, the railway switch (1000) comprising exchange needles (200, 400) and one or more maneuver (10), each pin hinged a first end (510) of an internal operating tie rod (500) to an electrical switch box (600) and a second end (310,320) of an external operating tie rod (300) connected to said exchange needles (200, 400), the diagnostic subsystem (100) comprising said one or more operating pins (10) and: - each of said one or more operating pins (10) comprises one or more sensors housed in suitable seats (12a, 12b) positioned so that said first (510,520) and said second (310) ends act simultaneously on each of said one or more sensors on its respective contiguous complementary portions in the direction of the axis of the pin; - each of said one or more operating pins (10) is connected to a respective acquisition logic card (71) for the acquisition of sensor measurements housed in a respective watertight box (70); - said one or more sensors comprise wiring (50, 60) to detect a respective measurement signal and bring it to said one respective acquisition logic card (71) and subsequently to an interface (40) for transmitting the measurements to a diagnostic control unit ; an accelerometer, connected to said respective acquisition logic board (71), is further housed in said respective watertight box (70); the diagnosis system being further characterized in that it comprises an electronic processor equipped with means for carrying out steps F3, F5 and F6 of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5) System according to claim 4, characterized in that a temperature sensor is housed in one of the seats (12a, 12b), connected to said respective acquisition logic board (71), the temperature T0 being measured by said temperature sensor . 6) System according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said one or more sensors are four strain gauges forming a strain gauge bridge. 7) Diagnostic system according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that said interface (40) comprises a modem, in particular a conveyed wave modem, able to send measurement data to said diagnostic center. 8) Diagnostic system according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized by the fact that said respective acquisition logic card (71) is housed in each watertight box (70) including a memory card, for data transmission, in the watertight box (70) further finding one or more watertight fittings (72, 73), for connection with said wiring (50, 60). 9) Diagnostic system according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized by the fact that each operating pin comprises four sensors in seats (12a, 12b) formed in the pin and aligned two by two along an axis transverse to the axis of the pin , and therefore two by two along two respective axes parallel to the axis of the pin, between two seats (12a, 12b) along said respective axes parallel to the axis of the pin, a groove (11) being obtained for connection wiring between sensors. 10) Diagnostic system according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized by the fact of comprising two operating pins, a master pin (10, 70) and a slave pin (10, 80) connected by appropriate electrical wiring, only the pin master being connected to said interface (40), which in particular comprises an interface power supply box (40) and an acquisition logic card (71).