IES83962Y1 - Prevention of interference from movable radiation networks - Google Patents
Prevention of interference from movable radiation networks Download PDFInfo
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- IES83962Y1 IES83962Y1 IE2004/0746A IE20040746A IES83962Y1 IE S83962 Y1 IES83962 Y1 IE S83962Y1 IE 2004/0746 A IE2004/0746 A IE 2004/0746A IE 20040746 A IE20040746 A IE 20040746A IE S83962 Y1 IES83962 Y1 IE S83962Y1
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- network
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- movable
- processor
- radiation
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000001413 cellular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000272168 Laridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001702 transmitter Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
ABSTRACT A radio interference avoidance system (1) has a processor in a detection system (11) which receives real time inputs from various sensors (12-16). The processor dynamically determines if a craft (for example, ship) movable network (19) is within an interference distance of a fixed network. It uses real time craft position data relative to fixed network position and also radiation characteristic data for both the movable (19) and fixed networks.
Description
“Prevention of Interference from Movable Radiation Networks”
INTRODUCTION
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to communication involving persons or devices on a movable
vehicle or craft, either air—borne, water—borne, or land-bome.
Prior Art Discussion
On-board cellular networks are becoming increasingly popular on craft such as ships
and aircraft. These networks allow cellular phones to be used on board in the same
way as they are used on conventional-land based cellular networks. An issue with
these on-board networks is the possibility that they interfere with land based radio
services or that the land based services interfere with the on-board network. It is also a
requirement for on-board networks to be shut-down in circumstances where they may
be perceived to take revenue generating traffic away from a licensed land based
network.
US5444762 describes an approach to avoiding interference between aircraft and
ground mobile networks in which aircraft directional antennae are used to minimise
signal strength received by the ground network. WO0l/ 15338 describes an approach
to avoiding interference between a ship’s base transceiver station (BTS) and a fixed
BTS. Little detail is given, however, it appears that the system detects signals from the
fixed network and operates in response to such detection to control the output of the
ships BTS. A problem with this approach is that detection of the fixed networks
transmissions is often not a good indicator of the environment. This is because a BTS
will often increase or decrease the number of transmitted channels in response to
factors such as network load. For example, scanning at one time may detect only a
fixed BTS broadcast channel, whereas the BTS may soon after activate several
additional channels.
The invention is directed towards achieving an improved system for avoidance of
interference.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, there is provided a radio interference avoidance system
for a movable network on a vehicle comprising a vehicle position sensor, a database.
and a processor, the processor transmitting control instructions to the movable
network,
wherein the database stores geographical data and radiation characteristics data
for land-based fixed networks;
the processor dynamically determines radiation parameters for the movable
network according to real time vehicle position data relative to fixed network
geographical data and fixed network radiation characteristic data; and
the processor generates said control instructions according to the radiation
parameters.
In one embodiment, the database stores data concerning radiation characteristics of the
movable network, and this data is used by the processor to determine the movable
network radiation parameters.
In another embodiment, the processor retrieves said data from the movable network.
In a further embodiment, the movable network characteristic data includes data
defining radiation patterns.
In one embodiment, the processor receives real time direction data of the vehicle. and
computes current position of radiation pattern lobes relative to the fixed networks.
SLIEO3
In another embodiment, said data includes movable network radiation effective
radiated power.
In a further embodiment, said data includes protocol and frequency of the movable
network radiation.
In one embodiment, said data includes movable network antenna height above sea
level, and the processor computes movable network radiation propagation distance
using said data.
In another embodiment, the database stores fixed network antenna height data, and the
processor computes fixed network propagation distance using said data.
In a further embodiment, said data includes data concerning internal and external
antennas of the movable network.
In one embodiment, the processor periodically queries the database with a current
vehicle location value and a configurable trigger distance value, the database returns
an identifier of any potentially interfering fixed networks, and the processor only
proceeds with computation if such a fixed network identifier is returned.
In another embodiment, the database returns a data set for each identified fixed
network.
In a further embodiment, said configurable trigger distance value is a worst case
interference distance.
In one embodiment, the control instruction sent to the movable mobile network
includes total shutdown/start—up, partial shutdown/start-up, frequency change, and/or
power level changes.
In another embodiment, further comprises a local control terminal for manually
inputting location or country information.
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In a further embodiment, the processor uses information received from a local control
terminal to override system operation.
In one embodiment, the processor executes a hysteresis function to avoid continual
switching on and off of movable mobile network transmitters when navigating close to
an interference distance.
In another embodiment, the processor receives updates for the database either from the
local control terminal or remotely over a craft to ground communications link.
In a further embodiment, the processor is operated and maintained locally with
instructions from the local control terminal, or remotely with instruction from a
remote operations and maintenance system.
In one embodiment, the processor provides location data or other operational data to
the movable network.
In another aspect, the invention provides a movable mobile network system
comprising a radio interference avoidance system as described above, and a movable
mobile network comprising a control interface for receiving control instructions from
the radio interference avoidance system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of some
embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which:-
Fig. l is a schematic diagram of a radio interference avoidance system of the
invention; and
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Fig. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating operation of the system.
Description of the Embodiments
Referring to Fig. l a radio interference avoidance system 1 comprises:
A detection system having a processor and which communicates with a number of
peripherals on one side and with an on-board mobile network 19 on the other
side. The peripherals supply information needed by the detection system 11 to
decide in real time what action, if any, is needed to be taken on the on-board
mobile network 19. The system 11 includes a geographical information system
(GIS) database 18 of action instructions and data.
: A GPS receiver which supplies location information for the vessel to the detection
system 11. This location information includes latitude, longitude. altitude,
heading, speed, and time.
A craft navigation system which supplies crafi location information to the
detection system 11. This location information includes latitude, longitude,
altitude, heading, speed, and time.
A frequency scanner which supplies information about frequencies and field
strength being used in a particular spectrum by nearby fixed networks.
An RF field strength meter used to measure the actual field strength radiating
from the ship’s movable mobile network 19.
A local control terminal, used to input location and country information manually.
It may also be used to set security parameters for the system and to override the
detection system 11 in critical situations.
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: An operation and maintenance terminal for the system 1. This terminal may also
be used to read and update the contents of the GIS database in textual or graphical
format.
: A geographic information system (GIS) database which generates data for use in
controlling the on-board mobile network 19 in response to queries. The database
18 stores:
(a) Geographical data for fixed networks,
(b) Radiation characteristic data for these fixed networks, including frequencies,
protocols, and antenna height.
(c) Radiation characteristic data for the movable network 19. including the
radiation pattern of lobes extending from the vehicle and their effective
radiated power, and also protocol (for example, GSM) and frequency of
transmissions. This data also includes antenna height above sea level.
It is not essential that the system 1 have all f the above components. For example it
ma—y not need a GPS received if the on-board navigation system supplies sufficient
data.
The on-board mobile network 19 supports a control interface. This control interface
enables the detection system 11 to manage the mobile network 19 in terms of its
frequency use, power levels, and status (on/off). The system 11 can also receive
configuration data from the on-board mobile network 19 relating to the power levels
and frequencies currently being used. This interface is also used to provide location
and other data to the on-board movable network.
The main goal of the system 1 is to allow the craft to come as close as possible to
fixed networks without causing interference, or being interfered by or infringing on
the international rights of a country’s administration to protect its radio services.
The system 1 I regularly receives inputs from some or all peripherals in real time. and
it repeatedly queries the database 18. The output from the database 18 allows it to
make decisions to control the network 19.
SLIEOK
Location (latitude, longitude, altitude), speed and heading data are delivered to the
system 11 either by the GPS receiver 12 or by the craft’s navigation system 13 on a
regular basis. The frequency at which this information is delivered is configurable and
may be adaptive. For example, the system could normally check distance every 5
minutes but reduce this interval to 1 minute as the craft approaches a possible source
of interference such as a land based network. A hysteresis function prevents continual
switching on and off of the system for example when navigating along a country
boundary. Location information may also be entered manually using the local control
terminal 16 at any time.
The location information is used to build a query to the GIS database 18. The query
includes the current location data and a distance value. This distance value is a trigger
distance and is a configurable worst-case interference distance. The result of the query
returns a list of zero or more countries whose international boundaries are within the
trigger distance value of the current location. The database also returns a data set for
each one of the countries in the list. This data set includes, but is not limited to:
- Name,
— Country type,
- Network type(s), and
— Frequency utilisation
The country and network characteristic values are used by the detection system 1 1 to
calculate at what distance from that fixed network action needs to be taken and what
specific action is required. For example, in the case of an on-board network operating
in the GSM1800 band, it may be necessary to shut down the on-board network
completely within 30km of a country also using GSM in the 1800 band, however, this
figure could be reduced to 10km for a country not using GSM in the 1800 band. Data
from the database 18 can be complemented and/or replaced by information from the
frequency scanner 14.
From the above it can be seen that there are two distance values being used. The first,
called trigger distance, is used to query the GIS database 18 to discover the presence
of any country within this distance of the craft. This trigger distance is configurable
SUE
for the system and is usually set equal to the maximum interference distance. The
second. called interference distance, is the distance at which action needs to be taken
by the on-board mobile network 19.
The processor of the system 11 generates a radiation pattern for the ship based on the
vehicle location data and the movable network characteristics. The system 11 uses this
information to calculate an optimal interference distance. For example, if a ship is
equipped with a directional antenna (say 60° half power beam-width and 20dB front
to back ratio) mounted at the stern, facing forward, then the critical distance will be
less for a country behind the ship than for a country in front of the ship. The same
logic can be applied to an aircraft with a known radiation pattern.
The movable network 19 may also include one or more internally mounted antennas,
configured to cover the inside of the ship. These radiates less power outside the ship
than an externally mounted antenna for a given transmit power level. The system 1
calculates different interference distances for the internal and external parts of the
system. Also, the system 1 can selectively shut down the external part of the on-board
mobile network 19, allowing continuing operation of the internal part until the
interference distance corresponding to the internal part of the network has been reached.
The system 11, knowing the country type and network type, can adjust the frequencies
and power levels used by the on-board mobile network 19 to optimise (minimise) the
interference distance for that particular country.
In some cases it may be necessary to override the operation of the system 1 to ensure
GSM coverage on the craft by the on-board network until coverage can be assured by
the terrestrial network. This is necessary when coverage is required for security
critical applications like container tracking. The system 1 override may be activated
manually or may be configured to be automatically activated in certain locations or
when the system is operating in security mode.
Updates for the GIS database 18 can be uploaded either from the local control
terminal 16 or remotely over the craft-to-ground communications link. Utilities are
SLIEOS
available which allow the import of digital maps in various formats. In some cases it
may be necessary to approximate the shape of a country’s border to reduce the size of
imported map files. A graphical user interface (GUI) for the visualisation and manual
generation of digital maps is also incorporated in the system 11.
Operation of the system I is monitored remotely by examining log records of
parameters used and system responses to these parameters. Any critical fault
information (alarms) is sent immediately to the operations and maintenance centre and
possibly also to a remote centre.
In more detail, and referring also to Fig. 2, at system 1 start—up the detection system
11 (step 31) reads configuration data from the database 18. Configuration parameters
are stored locally and the GPS receiver 12 is configured (step 32) to report position at
regular intervals. The system 11 is set to Idle state.
Periodically, the GPS device 12 reports the vessel’s position in terms of longitude,
latitude and altitude. The information from the GPS device 12 is parsed (step 33) and
a query string is generated that is used to interrogate the database 18 (step 34). The
GIS database 18 returns a list of countries or networks that are within the specified
trigger distance. If no countries are found (step 35) within the trigger distance, the
system 1 1 returns to Idle state and waits for the next GPS report.
If one or more potentially interfering countries or networks are returned by the GIS
database 18 then an Interference Distance must be calculated and checked for each
country or network. To calculate the Interference Distance the processor takes into
account the movable network 19 data and the following parameters in step 37:
- The types of network used in the country which has been found within the
trigger distance. Different network technologies require different separation
levels, for example GSM to GSM co-channel requires at least 9dB separation.
- The on-board network 19 has an RF radiation pattern which depends on the
antennas used and the shape and size of the ship. Different RF signal
strengths are experienced at different directions relative to the heading of the
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.10.
ship. The Interference Distance from a particular terrestrial network therefore
depends on the direction of that network relative to the ship’s heading.
- The Effective Radiated Power of the ship's system will affect the distance at
which the ship's system interferes with the terrestrial system.
- In some countries it is legislation and not interference distance that prevents
the on-board system from being used within the territorial waters. In this case
this legal distance is stored in the GIS database 18.
Using the parameters listed above, the processor calculates an interference distance for
all parts of the on-board system. The distance may be different for antennas located
inside the ship versus antennas located on the outside of the ship. If any of these
distances is reached then that part of the network 19 is shut down. Other reactions to
the interference distance being reached include turning down the power level and
switching to a different frequency.
If an interfering fixed network is present within the trigger distance but not within any
calculated interference distance the GPS device 12 may be re—configured (step 38) to
report at a different frequency which depends on the velocity of the ship. This allows
the ship to come very close to the interference limit without actually crossing it.
When the ship moves out of the interference distance the on-board movable network
can be restarted For restart of the on-board movable network, the procedure is
essentially the same as described above with the exception that a dynamically
calculated hysteresis is introduced. This is to prevent the system being repeatedly
switched on and off when the ship is navigating parallel to a coastline.
It will be appreciated that the invention provides for optimal control of a movable
mobile network to avoid interference.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments described but may be varied in
construction and detail.
SLIEO3
Claims (1)
- Claims A radio interference avoidance system for a movable network on a vehicle comprising a vehicle position sensor, a database, and a processor, the processor transmitting control instructions to the movable network, wherein the database stores geographical data and radiation characteristics data for land-based fixed networks; the processor dynamically determines radiation parameters for the movable network according to real time vehicle position data relative to fixed network geographical data and fixed network radiation characteristic data; and the processor generates said control instructions according to the radiation parameters. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the database stores data concerning radiation characteristics of the movable network, and this data is used by the processor to determine the movable network radiation parameters; and wherein the processor retrieves said data from the movable network; and wherein the movable "network lcharacteristic data includes data defining radiation patterns; and wherein the processor receives real time direction data of the vehicle, and computes current position of radiation pattern lobes relative to the fixed networks; and wherein said data includes movable network radiation effective radiated power. A system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the database stores fixed network antenna height data, and the processor computes fixed network propagation distance using said data; and wherein said data includes data concerning internal and external antennas of the movable network; and wherein the processor periodically queries the database with a current vehicle location value and a configurable trigger distance value, the database returns SLIEO3 an identifier of any potentially interfering fixed networks, and the processor only proceeds with computation if such a fixed network identifier is returned. A movable mobile network system comprising a radio interference avoidance system as claimed in any preceding claim, and a movable mobile network comprising a control interface for receiving control instructions from the radio interference avoidance system. A radio interference avoidance system substantially as described with reference to the drawing.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IEIRELAND07/11/20032003/0833 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
IE20040746U1 IE20040746U1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
IES83962Y1 true IES83962Y1 (en) | 2005-07-27 |
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