GB815154A - Improvements relating to electrodialysis processes - Google Patents
Improvements relating to electrodialysis processesInfo
- Publication number
- GB815154A GB815154A GB520156A GB520156A GB815154A GB 815154 A GB815154 A GB 815154A GB 520156 A GB520156 A GB 520156A GB 520156 A GB520156 A GB 520156A GB 815154 A GB815154 A GB 815154A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- compartments
- exchange
- anion
- compartment
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- -1 hydroxyl ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochloramine Chemical compound ClN QDHHCQZDFGDHMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
- B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
- B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
- C01B21/38—Nitric acid
- C01B21/42—Preparation from nitrates
Abstract
815,154. Electrodialysis. PERMUTIT CO. Ltd. Feb. 7, 1957 [Feb. 20, 1956], No. 5201/56. Class 41. An electrodialysis process is carried out in a cell divided into compartments by alternate cation-exchange and anion-exchange barriers in which one or more compartments bounded on the cathode side by a cation-exchange barrier and on the anode side by an anion-exchange barrier are filled with fluid permeable packing of a single ion exchange material and an aqueous solution of a salt and a voltage is applied across the cell whereby the ions of the salt that are exchangeable by the ion-exchange material migrate from the filled compartments preferentially to the ions of the salt that have the other sign and the ionic balance is maintained by preferential migration of hydrogen or hydroxyl ions out of the compartments so that an excess of hydroxyl or hydrogen ions respectively remains behind. As shown, a five-compartment cell comprises a cathode compartment 6, compartments 8, 9 and 10 and an anode compartment 7, separated from one another by alternate cation-exchange and anion-exchange membranes designated " C " and " A " respectively. Compartments 8 and 10 are filled with anionexchange material together with an aqueous solution of a salt MX. Compartment 9 contains an ionising solvent. The current in compartments 8 and 10 is largely carried by the anions X moving on the anion-exchange material and hence to maintain the ionic balance in these compartments more hydrogen ions than cations M pass through the membranes C. Thus acid HX is formed in compartment 9 and alkali MOH in compartments 8 and 10. The cation exchange material may be a sulphonated crosslinked polystyrene resin and the anion exchange material may be a chlormethylated and aminated cross-linked polystyrene resin or a basic polystyrene resin containing quaternary ammonium groups. Examples describe the application of the process for reducing the alkalinity of tap water and for converting lithium sulphate to lithium hydroxide. Reference is also made to the production of hydrochloric acid from sodium chloride, nitric acid from sodium nitrate and ammonium hydroxide from ammonium chloride.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL105921D NL105921C (en) | 1956-02-20 | ||
| BE555136D BE555136A (en) | 1956-02-20 | ||
| FR1172361D FR1172361A (en) | 1956-02-20 | 1957-02-15 | Improvements in electrodialysis processes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB815154A true GB815154A (en) | 1959-06-17 |
Family
ID=1628234
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB520156A Expired GB815154A (en) | 1956-02-20 | 1956-02-20 | Improvements relating to electrodialysis processes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB815154A (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3149061A (en) * | 1962-02-19 | 1964-09-15 | Ionics | Removal of dissolved salts and silica from liquids |
| DE1211597B (en) * | 1964-06-26 | 1966-03-03 | Pintsch Bamag Ag | Process and device for the extraction of pure acids and bases from their salts by electrodialytic means |
| US3274095A (en) * | 1962-01-17 | 1966-09-20 | Meyers Laurence | Means for transfer of ions |
| US3291713A (en) * | 1964-05-27 | 1966-12-13 | Ionics | Removal of weakly basic substances from solution by electrodeionization |
| US3330750A (en) * | 1962-06-20 | 1967-07-11 | Ionics | Removal of gases by electrode-ionization |
| US3485737A (en) * | 1961-03-17 | 1969-12-23 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | Method for continuous separation of ions involving electromigration in a packed resin chamber |
| US4632745A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-12-30 | Millipore Corporation | Electrodeionization apparatus |
| US5306400A (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1994-04-26 | Bradtec Limited | Method for the combined removal and destruction of nitrate ions |
| GB2311999A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-15 | Elga Group Services Ltd | Electrodialysis using ion-depleted water |
| USRE35741E (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1998-03-10 | Millipore Corporation | Process for purifying water |
| US5814197A (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1998-09-29 | Ionics, Incorporated | Electrodialysis including filled cell electrodialysis (electrodeionization) |
| US6905608B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2005-06-14 | Exergy Technologies Corporation | Advanced electrodeionization for fluid recycling |
| WO2010103068A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-16 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Production of high-purity suspensions containing precipitated silicas by electrodialysis |
| CN113607486A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-05 | 国家地质实验测试中心 | Water sample collection device and method based on parallel electric field |
-
1956
- 1956-02-20 GB GB520156A patent/GB815154A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3485737A (en) * | 1961-03-17 | 1969-12-23 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | Method for continuous separation of ions involving electromigration in a packed resin chamber |
| US3274095A (en) * | 1962-01-17 | 1966-09-20 | Meyers Laurence | Means for transfer of ions |
| US3149061A (en) * | 1962-02-19 | 1964-09-15 | Ionics | Removal of dissolved salts and silica from liquids |
| US3330750A (en) * | 1962-06-20 | 1967-07-11 | Ionics | Removal of gases by electrode-ionization |
| US3291713A (en) * | 1964-05-27 | 1966-12-13 | Ionics | Removal of weakly basic substances from solution by electrodeionization |
| DE1211597B (en) * | 1964-06-26 | 1966-03-03 | Pintsch Bamag Ag | Process and device for the extraction of pure acids and bases from their salts by electrodialytic means |
| US4632745A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-12-30 | Millipore Corporation | Electrodeionization apparatus |
| USRE35741E (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1998-03-10 | Millipore Corporation | Process for purifying water |
| US5306400A (en) * | 1991-02-25 | 1994-04-26 | Bradtec Limited | Method for the combined removal and destruction of nitrate ions |
| US5814197A (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 1998-09-29 | Ionics, Incorporated | Electrodialysis including filled cell electrodialysis (electrodeionization) |
| GB2311999A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-15 | Elga Group Services Ltd | Electrodialysis using ion-depleted water |
| GB2311999B (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1999-09-08 | Elga Group Services Ltd | Apparatus and method of electrodiaysis |
| US6905608B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2005-06-14 | Exergy Technologies Corporation | Advanced electrodeionization for fluid recycling |
| US7691246B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2010-04-06 | Exergy Technologies Corporation | Advanced electrodeionization for fluid recycling |
| WO2010103068A1 (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-16 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Production of high-purity suspensions containing precipitated silicas by electrodialysis |
| CN113607486A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-05 | 国家地质实验测试中心 | Water sample collection device and method based on parallel electric field |
| CN113607486B (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2024-03-19 | 国家地质实验测试中心 | Water sample collection device and method based on parallel electric field |
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