GB2562823A - Systems, devices and methods related to diversity receivers - Google Patents
Systems, devices and methods related to diversity receivers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2562823A GB2562823A GB1801848.1A GB201801848A GB2562823A GB 2562823 A GB2562823 A GB 2562823A GB 201801848 A GB201801848 A GB 201801848A GB 2562823 A GB2562823 A GB 2562823A
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
- H04B1/0053—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
- H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
- H03F1/0205—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation in transistor amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
- H03F3/21—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
- H03F3/211—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/72—Gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
- H04B1/0053—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
- H04B1/0057—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band using diplexing or multiplexing filters for selecting the desired band
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/06—Receivers
- H04B1/16—Circuits
- H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/111—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a dual or triple band amplifier, e.g. 900 and 1800 MHz, e.g. switched or not switched, simultaneously or not
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/294—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a low noise amplifier [LNA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
- H03F2200/451—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
- H03F2203/72—Indexing scheme relating to gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal
- H03F2203/7209—Indexing scheme relating to gated amplifiers, i.e. amplifiers which are rendered operative or inoperative by means of a control signal the gated amplifier being switched from a first band to a second band
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
Abstract
This application relates to a multiband receiver comprising a plurality of different paths. A controller is provided to selectively activate one or more of the paths. Each path includes an amplifier and a post-amplifier bandpass filter, D. Each path also includes impedance matching components C. Selective activation may be achieved, for example, by enabling or disabling amplifiers or by controlling the impedance matching components. The invention finds particular application in a diversity receiver (210, Fig. 2) for a diversity antenna. The receiver can further include any of the following features: variable-gain amplifiers (314, Fig 3), phase-shifting components (B624, Fig. 6), pre-amplifier bandpass filters (313, Fig. 3), a switching network (E612, Fig. 25), and flexible band routing using a so-called multiplexer with switches.
Description
(56) Documents Cited:
GB 2526197 A
EP 2453671 A1
EP 0744831 A2
US 20030003952 A1
KR20040100056
H04B 7/08 (2006.01)
EP 2736175 A1
EP 0923198 A2
US 20150249479 A1 (58) Field of Search:
INT CL H03F, H04B
Other: Online: WPI, EPODOC (62) Divided from Application No
1708567.1 under section 15(9) of the Patents Act 1977 (71) Applicant(s):
Skyworks Solutions, Inc.
Sylvan Road, Woburn 01801, Massachusetts, United States of America (72) Inventor(s):
Stephane Richard Marie Wloczysiak
William J Domino
Bipul Agarwal (74) Agent and/or Address for Service:
Reddie & Grose LLP
The White Chapel Building,
Whitechapel High Street, London, E1 8QS, United Kingdom (54) Title of the Invention: Systems, devices and methods related to diversity receivers
Abstract Title: Multiband receiver with impedance matching and post-amplifier bandpass filters (57) This application relates to a multiband receiver comprising a plurality of different paths. A controller is provided to selectively activate one or more of the paths. Each path includes an amplifier and a post-amplifier bandpass filter, D. Each path also includes impedance matching components C. Selective activation may be achieved, for example, by enabling or disabling amplifiers or by controlling the impedance matching components. The invention finds particular application in a diversity receiver (210, Fig. 2) for a diversity antenna. The receiver can further include any of the following features: variable-gain amplifiers (314, Fig 3), phase-shifting components (B624, Fig. 6), preamplifier bandpass filters (313, Fig. 3), a switching network (E612, Fig. 25), and flexible band routing using a socalled “multiplexer” with switches.
OUT
FIG.46B
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FIG.1
FIG.2
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FIG.5
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FIG.14
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FIG.16
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FIG. 17
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FIG.18
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BC1210
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BC1230
FIG.19
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D400
FIG.20
Ο
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D450
Ο
FIG.21
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FIG.23
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FIG.24
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FIG.25
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FIG.26
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FIG.27
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F314b
F314c
F314d
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| zxz zxz zxz | |
| kF31 | |
| zxz ZXZ | |
| zxz | |
| kF31 | |
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| zxz | |
| ^F31 | |
| zxz zxz | |
| zxz |
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FIG.28
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FIG.29
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FIG.30
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F1040b
FIG.31
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FIG.32
30/96 /-F1211
| F1202a^ | MUX | j-F1201a |
| F1202b-^_ | F1230a i | --------------s. \ |
| F1202c-^_ | ||
| F1230b-x. | j_F1201b | |
| F1202d-^_ | ||
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FIG.33
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EXTERNAL
LB FILTER
EXTERNAL EXTERNAL HB FILTER MB FILTER
FIG.34
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EXTERNAL
LB FILTER
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FIG.35
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LB FILTER
MB
INPUT
HB
INPUT
EXTERNAL HB FILTER
EXTERNAL MB FILTER
FIG.36
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INPUT
HB INPUT
EXTERNAL
LB FILTER
EXTERNAL EXTERNAL
HB FILTER MB FILTER
FIG.37
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EXTERNAL
LB FILTER
LB/MB
INPUT
HB
INPUT
LB
MB
HB
EXTERNAL HB FILTER
EXTERNAL MB FILTER
FIG.38
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EXTERNAL EXTERNAL
HB FILTER MB FILTER
FIG.39
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F1400
FIG.40
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ANT
FIG.41A
FILTERS/ MULTIPLEXER
OUT
FIG.41B
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FIG.42A
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FIG.42B
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FIG.43A
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FIG.43B
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FIG.44A
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FIG.44B
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FIG.45A
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FIG.45B
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FIG.46A
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FIG.46B
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FIG.47A
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FIG.47B
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FIG.48A
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FIG.48B
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FIG.49A
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FIG.49B
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ANT
FIG.50A
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FIG.50B
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FIG.51A
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FIG.51B
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FIG.52A
FILTERS/ MULTIPLEXER
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FIG.52B
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FIG.53B
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FILTERS/
DIPLEXER
Γ
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A ,—ϊ
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FIG.54A x____( FILTERS/
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FIG.54B
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DIPLEXER
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FIG.55A x____t FILTERS/
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FIG.55B
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FIG.56A x____t FILTERS/
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FIG.56B
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DIPLEXER
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FIG.57A x____t FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.57B
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DIPLEXER
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FIG.58A x____t FILTERS/
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FIG.58B
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FIG.59A
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FIG.59B
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FIG.60A x____t FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.60B
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FIG.61A x____t FILTERS/
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FIG.61B
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FIG.62A Λ FILTERS/
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FIG.71
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FIG.72
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FIG.73
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F Β
---- .—*-
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MULTIPLEXER
FIG.74
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MULTIPLEXER
FIG.75
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FIG.76
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MULTIPLEXER
FIG.77
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FIG.78
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OUT 1oMUX ϋ____( FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.79
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7____, FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.80
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FIG.81
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OUT 1oMUX
OUT 2ceϋ____( FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.82
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MULTIPLEXER
FIG.83
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FILTERS/ MULTIPLEXER
FIG.84
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FILTERS/
DIPLEXER
Γ
COMBINER
A ,—ϊ
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FIG.85A x____( FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.85B
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FILTERS/
DIPLEXER
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B ,—*—x
COMBINER
ANT
FIG.86A x____t FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.86B
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FILTERS/
x____t FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.87B
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FILTERS/
DIPLEXER
Γ
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FIG.88A x____( FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.88B
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FIG.89
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FIG.90
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FIG.91
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FIG.92
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OUT 1oMUX
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MULTIPLEXER
FIG.93
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FIG.94
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F B
---- .—*-
ϋ____( FILTERS/
MULTIPLEXER
FIG.95
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MULTIPLEXER
FIG.96
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FIG.97
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FIG.98
| DIVERSITY RECEIVE ARCHITECTURE | ||||||
| r1112 | r1110 | |||||
| SMTs | MULTIPLEXING ASSEMBLY | |||||
| CONTROLLER | COMBINATION ASSEMBLY | FILTERS | ||||
| 1104-5 | 1106-5 | 1108-5 |
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
FIG.99
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FIG.100
SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHODS RELATED TO DIVERSITY
RECEIVERS
BACKGROUND
Field [0001] The present disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems having one or more diversity receiving antennas.
Description of the Related Art [0002] In wireless communication applications, size, cost, and performance are examples of factors that can be important for a given product. For example, to increase performance, wireless components such as a diversity receive antenna and associated circuitry are becoming more popular.
[0003] In many radio-frequency (RF) applications, a diversity receive antenna is placed physically far from a primary antenna. When both antennas are used at once, a transceiver can process signals from both antennas in order to increase data throughput.
[0004] KR 2004/0100056 A discloses a front-end amplifier of a wireless receiver suitable for frequency hopping including: an antenna (550), pin diode switches (560a-560c) and a first filter bank(510). A signal is filtered by a corresponding filter of the first filter bank(510) to remove an undesired frequency. A pin diode driver(540) controls the pin diode switches so that a filter suitable for a frequency channel can be selected by a frequency hopping pattern which has been pseudo-randomly adjusted.
[0005] KR 2005/0023641 A discloses a circuit for performing a transceiving signal process, wherein a diplexer(203) filters signals of each different frequency band to transceive signals through one line. A phase shift (207) delivers a signal to a first receiving end filter(220b) and a second receiving end filter(210b). First switch(205b) and second switch(205a) selectively connect the diplexer(203), the phase shift(207) with a DCS Tx, and a GSM Tx, respectively. A third switch(208b) and a fourth switch(208a) are connected to the phase shift(207), the first receiving end filter(220b) and the second receiving end filter(210b) in series, respectively.
-1 [0006] US 2010-0202324 A1 discloses a front end circuit for a radio frequency (RF) transceiver. The front end circuit includes an antenna port, a power amplifier, a low noise amplifier, and a matching network. The power amplifier and the low noise amplifier are activated and deactivated in sequence corresponding to the transmit and receive modes of the transceiver, and the matching network minimizes the effect that one has on the other at the designated operating frequency.
[0007] US 2010-0118923 A1 discloses a programmable wide band digital receiver including an integrated circuit including multiple transmitters using adaptive non-linear modeling pre-distortion. The non-linear modeling may include memory imbalance in intermediate frequency in-phase and quadrature signals may be corrected in the digital domains.
[0008] US 2007-0242784 A1 describes a diversity receiver including a first receiver for GSM and a second receiver for UMTS. The first receiver may be implemented with one receiver design, may be spec-compliant for GSM, and may also support UMTS. The second receiver may be implemented with another receiver design, may be spec-compliant for UMTS, and may also support GSM. The first receiver may include a lowpass filter having a bandwidth that is adjustable for GSM and UMTS. The second receiver may include a bandpass filter used to attenuate a transmit frequency range for UMTS. Each receiver may include circuit blocks that are used for both GSM and UMTS
SUMMARY [0009] The invention is defined by the independent claims, to which reference is now drawn. Preferable features are set out in the dependent claims. In accordance with some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) receiving system that includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system. The RF receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers, with each one of the plurality of amplifiers being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The RF receiving system further includes a first feature and a second feature implemented for the RF receiving system.
-2 [0010] The first feature includes a plurality of impedance matching components, with each one of the plurality of impedance matching components being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths.
[0011] The second feature includes a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, with each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band.
[0012] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system further includes one or more of a third feature, a fourth feature, a fifth feature and a sixth feature implemented for the RF receiving system.
[0013] The third feature includes a plurality of bandpass filters, with each one of the plurality of bandpass filters being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band. At least some of the plurality of amplifiers are implemented as a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), with each one of the plurality of VGAs being configured to amplify the corresponding signal with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller.
[0014] The fourth feature includes a plurality of phase-shift components, with each one of the plurality of phase-shift components being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component.
[0015] The fifth feature includes a switching network having one or more single-pole/single-throw switches, with each one of the switches coupling two of the plurality of paths. The switching network is configured to be controlled by the controller based on a band select signal.
[0016] The sixth feature includes an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths, and an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at -3one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs.
[0017] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature and the third feature.
[0018] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature and the fourth feature.
[0019] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the third feature and the fourth feature.
[0020] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature and the fifth feature.
[0021] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the second feature, the third feature and the fifth feature.
[0022] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the third feature and the fifth feature.
[0023] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
[0024] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
[0025] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature and the sixth feature.
[0026] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the third feature and the sixth feature.
[0027] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
[0028] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
[0029] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
[0030] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the third feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
-4[0031] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
[0032] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system can include the first feature, the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
[0033] In a number of implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) module that includes a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components, and a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system, and a plurality of amplifiers, with each one of the plurality of amplifiers being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a first feature and a second feature implemented for the RF receiving system.
[0034] The first feature includes a plurality of impedance matching components, with each one of the plurality of impedance matching components being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths.
[0035] The second feature includes a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, with each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band.
[0036] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system further includes one or more of a third feature, a fourth feature, a fifth feature and a sixth feature implemented for the RF receiving system.
[0037] The third feature includes a plurality of bandpass filters, with each one of the plurality of bandpass filters being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band. At least some of the plurality of amplifiers are implemented as a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), with each one of the -5plurality of VGAs being configured to amplify the corresponding signal with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller.
[0038] The fourth feature includes a plurality of phase-shift components, with each one of the plurality of phase-shift components being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component.
[0039] The fifth feature includes a switching network having one or more single-pole/single-throw switches, with each one of the switches coupling two of the plurality of paths. The switching network is configured to be controlled by the controller based on a band select signal.
[0040] The sixth feature includes an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths, and an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs.
[0041] In some embodiments, the RF module can be a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
[0042] In some teachings, the present disclosure relates to a wireless device that includes a first antenna configured to receive one or more radiofrequency (RF) signals, and a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna. The first FEM includes a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The first FEM further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system, and a plurality of amplifiers, with each one of the plurality of amplifiers being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a first feature and a second feature implemented for the RF receiving system. The wireless device further includes a transceiver configured to receive a processed -6version of the one or more RF signals from the receiving system and generate data bits based on the processed version of the one or more RF signals.
[0043] The first feature includes a plurality of impedance matching components, with each one of the plurality of impedance matching components being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths.
[0044] The second feature includes a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, with each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band.
[0045] In some embodiments, the RF receiving system further includes one or more of a third feature, a fourth feature, a fifth feature and a sixth feature implemented for the RF receiving system.
[0046] The third feature includes a plurality of bandpass filters, with each one of the plurality of bandpass filters being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band. At least some of the plurality of amplifiers are implemented as a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), with each one of the plurality of VGAs being configured to amplify the corresponding signal with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller.
[0047]
The fourth feature includes a plurality of phase-shift components, with each one of the plurality of phase-shift components being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component.
[0048] The fifth feature includes a switching network having one or more single-pole/single-throw switches, with each one of the switches coupling two of the plurality of paths. The switching network is configured to be controlled by the controller based on a band select signal.
[0049] The sixth feature includes an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to one or more of a plurality of input -7 multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths, and an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs.
[0050] In some embodiments, the wireless device can be a cellular phone.
[0051] For purposes of summarizing the disclosure, certain aspects, advantages and novel features of the inventions have been described herein. It is to be understood that not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the invention. Thus, the invention may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0052] Figure 1 shows a wireless device having a communications module coupled to a primary antenna and a diversity antenna.
[0053] Figure 2 shows a diversity receiver (DRx) configuration including a DRx front-end module (FEM).
[0054] Figure 3 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver (DRx) configuration may include a DRx module with multiple paths corresponding to multiple frequency bands.
[0055] Figure 4 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include a diversity RF module with fewer amplifiers than a diversity receiver (DRx) module.
[0056] Figure 5 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include a DRx module coupled to an off-module filter.
[0057] Figure 6 shows that in some embodiments, gain of a variable-gain amplifier may be bypassable.
[0058] Figure 7 shows that in some embodiments, gain of a variable-gain amplifier may be step-variable or continuously-variable.
| [0059] | Figure 8 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with tunable matching circuits.
| [0060] | Figure 9 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include multiple antennas.
| [0061] | Figure 10 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of |
a method of processing an RF signal.
| [0062] | Figure 11 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with one or more phase matching
| components. [0063] | Figure 12 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with one or more phase matching components and dual-stage amplifiers.
| [0064] | Figure 13 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with one or more phase matching components and a post-combiner amplifier.
| [0065] | Figure 14 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with tunable phase-shift components.
| [0066] | Figure 15 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with one or more impedance matching
| components. [0067] | Figure 16 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with tunable impedance matching
| components. [0068] | Figure 17 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with tunable impedance matching components disposed at the input and output.
| [0069] | Figure 18 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a DRx module with multiple tunable components.
| [0070] | Figure 19 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of |
a method of processing an RF signal.
| [0071] | Figure 20 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver |
configuration may include a diversity receiver (DRx) module having a plurality of bandpass filters disposed at the outputs of a plurality of amplifiers.
-9[0072] Figure 21 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include a diversity RF module with fewer amplifiers than a diversity receiver (DRx) module.
[0073] Figure 22 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include a DRx module coupled to an off-module filter.
[0074] Figure 23 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include a DRx module with tunable matching circuits.
[0075] Figure 24 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include a DRx module with a single-pole/single-throw switch.
[0076] Figure 25 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include a DRx module with tunable phase-shift components.
[0077] Figure 26 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of a method of processing an RF signal.
[0078] Figure 27 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include a DRx module with tunable matching circuits.
[0079] Figure 28 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include multiple transmission lines.
[0080] Figure 29 shows an embodiment of an output multiplexer that may be used for dynamic routing.
[0081] Figure 30 shows another embodiment of an output multiplexer that may be used for dynamic routing.
[0082] Figure 31 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include multiple antennas.
[0083] Figure 32 shows an embodiment of an input multiplexer that may be used for dynamic routing.
[0084] Figure 33 shows another embodiment of an input multiplexer that may be used for dynamic routing.
[0085] Figures 34-39 show various implementations of a DRx module with dynamic input routing and/or output routing.
[0086] Figure 40 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of a method of processing an RF signal.
[0087] Figures 41A and 41B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example B as described herein.
-10[0088] Figures 42A and 42B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example C as described herein.
[0089] Figures 43A and 43B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example D as described herein.
[0090] Figures 44A and 44B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein and one or more features of Example C as described herein.
[0091] Figures 45A and 45B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein and one or more features of Example D as described herein.
[0092] Figures 46A and 46B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein and one or more features of Example D as described herein.
[0093] Figures 47A and 47B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, and one or more features of Example C as described herein.
[0094] Figures 48A and 48B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, and one or more features of Example D as described herein.
[0095] Figures 49A and 49B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example D as described herein.
[0096] Figures 50A and 50B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example D as described herein.
[0097] Figures 51A and 51B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more -11 features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example D as described herein.
[0098] Figures 52A and 52B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0099] Figures 53A and 53B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0100] Figures 54A and 54B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0101] Figures 55A and 55B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0102] Figures 56A and 56B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0103] Figures 57A and 57B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0104] Figures 58A and 58B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0105] Figures 59A and 59B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more -12 features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0106] Figures 60A and 60B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0107] Figures 61A and 61B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0108] Figures 62A and 62B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0109] Figure 63 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0110] Figure 64 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0111] Figure 65 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0112] Figure 66 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
-13[0113] Figure 67 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0114] Figure 68 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0115] Figure 69 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0116] Figure 70 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0117] Figure 71 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0118] Figure 72 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0119] Figure 73 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
-14[0120] Figure 74 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0121] Figure 75 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0122] Figure 76 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0123] Figure 77 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0124] Figure 78 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0125] Figure 79 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0126] Figure 80 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of
-15Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0127] Figure 81 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0128] Figure 82 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0129] Figure 83 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0130] Figure 84 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0131] Figures 85A and 85B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0132] Figures 86A and 86B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0133] Figures 87A and 87B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
-16[0134] Figures 88A and 88B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example D as described herein and one or more features of Example E as described herein.
[0135] Figure 89 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0136] Figure 90 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0137] Figure 91 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0138] Figure 92 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example D as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0139] Figure 93 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example E as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0140] Figure 94 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0141] Figure 95 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0142] Figure 96 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
[0143] Figure 97 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein.
-17 [0144] Figure 98 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration having one or more features as described herein may be implemented in a module such as a diversity receive (DRx) module.
[0145] Figure 99 shows a diversity receiver architecture having one or more features as described herein.
[0146] Figure 100 shows a wireless device having one or more features as described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS [0147] The headings provided herein, if any, are for convenience only and do not necessarily affect the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.
Introduction [0148] Figure 1 shows a wireless device 100 having a communications module 110 coupled to a primary antenna 130 and a diversity antenna 140. The communications module 110 (and its constituent components) may be controlled by a controller 120. The communications module 110 includes a transceiver 112 that is configured to convert between analog radio-frequency (RF) signals and digital data signals. To that end, the transceiver 112 may include a digital-toanalog converter, an analog-to-digital converter, a local oscillator for modulating or demodulating a baseband analog signal to or from a carrier frequency, a baseband processor that converts between digital samples and data bits (e.g., voice or other types of data), or other components.
[0149] The communications module 110 further includes an RF module 114 coupled between the primary antenna 130 and the transceiver 112. Because the RF module 114 may be physically close to the primary antenna 130 to reduce attenuation due to cable loss, the RF module 114 may be referred to as front-end module (FEM). The RF module 114 may perform processing on an analog signal received from the primary antenna 130 for the transceiver 112 or received from transceiver 112 for transmission via the primary antenna 130. To that end, the RF module 114 may include filters, power amplifiers, band select switches, matching circuits, and other components. Similarly, the communications module 110
-18includes a diversity RF module 116 coupled between the diversity antenna 140 and the transceiver 112 that performs similar processing.
[0150] When a signal is transmitted to the wireless device, the signal may be received at both the primary antenna 130 and the diversity antenna 140. The primary antenna 130 and diversity antenna 140 may be physically spaced apart such that the signal at the primary antenna 130 and diversity antenna 140 is received with different characteristics. For example, in one embodiment, the primary antenna 130 and diversity antenna 140 may receive the signal with different attenuation, noise, frequency response, or phase shift. The transceiver 112 may use both of the signals with different characteristics to determine data bits corresponding to the signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 112 selects from between the primary antenna 130 and the diversity antenna 140 based on the characteristics, such as selecting the antenna with the highest signal-to-noise ratio. In some implementations, the transceiver 112 combines the signals from the primary antenna 130 and the diversity antenna 140 to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the combined signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 112 processes the signals to perform multiple-input/multiple-output (ΜΙΜΟ) communication.
[0151] Because the diversity antenna 140 is physically spaced apart from the primary antenna 130, the diversity antenna 140 is coupled to the communications module 110 by a transmission line 135, such as a cable or a printed circuit board (PCB) trace. In some implementations, the transmission line 135 is lossy and attenuates the signal received at the diversity antenna 140 before it reaches the communications module 110. Thus, in some implementations, as described below, gain is applied to the signal received at the diversity antenna 140. The gain (and other analog processing, such as filtering) may be applied by a diversity receiver module. Because such a diversity receiver module may be located physically close to the diversity antenna 140, it may be referred to a diversity receiver front-end module.
[0152] Figure 2 shows a diversity receiver (DRx) configuration 200 including a DRx front-end module (FEM) 210. The DRx configuration 200 includes a diversity antenna 140 that is configured to receive a diversity signal and provide the diversity signal to the DRx FEM 210. The DRx FEM 210 is configured to perform processing on the diversity signal received from the diversity antenna 140.
-19For example, the DRx FEM 210 may be configured to filter the diversity signal to one or more active frequency bands, e.g., as indicated by the controller 120. As another example, the DRx FEM 210 may be configured to amplify the diversity signal. To that end, the DRx FEM 210 may include filters, low-noise amplifiers, band select switches, matching circuits, and other components.
[0153] The DRx FEM 210 transmits the processed diversity signal via a transmission line 135 to a downstream module, such as the diversity RF (D-RF) module 116, which feeds a further processed diversity signal to the transceiver 112. The diversity RF module 116 (and, in some implementations, the transceiver), is controlled by the controller 120. In some implementations, the controller 120 may be implemented within the transceiver 112.
[0154] Figure 3 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver (DRx) configuration 300 may include a DRx module 310 with multiple paths corresponding to multiple frequency bands. The DRx configuration 300 includes a diversity antenna 140 configured to receive a diversity signal. In some implementations, the diversity signal may be a single-band signal including data modulated onto a single frequency band. In some implementations, the diversity signal may be a multi-band signal (also referred to as an inter-band carrier aggregation signal) including data modulated onto multiple frequency bands.
[0155] The DRx module 310 has an input that receives the diversity signal from the diversity antenna 140 and an output that provides a processed diversity signal to the transceiver 330 (via the transmission line 135 and the diversity RF module 320). The DRx module 310 input feeds into an input of first multiplexer (MUX) 311. The first multiplexer 311 includes a plurality of multiplexer outputs, each corresponding to a path between the input and the output of the DRx module 310. Each of the paths may correspond to a respective frequency band. The DRx module 310 output is provided by the output of second multiplexer 312. The second multiplexer 312 includes a plurality of multiplexer inputs, each corresponding to one of the paths between the input and the output of the DRx module 310.
[0156] The frequency bands may be cellular frequency bands, such as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) frequency bands. For example, a first frequency band may be UMTS downlink or “Rx” Band 2, between 1930 megahertz (MHZ) and 1990 MHz, and a second frequency band may be -20UMTS downlink or “Rx” Band 5, between 869 MHz and 894 MHz. Other downlink frequency bands may be used, such as those described below in Table 1 or other non-UMTS frequency bands.
[0157] In some implementations, the DRx module 310 includes a DRx controller 302 that receives signals from the controller 120 (also referred to as a communications controller) and, based on the received signals, selectively activates one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx module 310 does not include a DRx controller 302 and the controller 120 selectively activates the one or more of the plurality of paths directly.
[0158] As noted herein, in some implementations, the diversity signal is a single-band signal. Thus, in some implementations, the first multiplexer 311 is a single-pole I multiple-throw (SPMT) switch that routes the diversity signal to one of the plurality of paths corresponding to the frequency band of the single-band signal based on a signal received from the DRx controller 302. The DRx controller 302 may generate the signal based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller 302 from the communications controller 120. Similarly, in some implementations, the second multiplexer 312 is a SPMT switch that routes the signal from the one of the plurality of paths corresponding to the frequency band ofthe single-band signal based on a signal received from the DRx controller 302.
[0159] As noted herein, in some implementations, the diversity signal is a multi-band signal. Thus, in some implementations, the first multiplexer 311 is a signal splitter that routes the diversity signal to two or more of the plurality of paths corresponding to the two or more frequency bands of the multi-band signal based on a splitter control signal received from the DRx controller 302. The function of the signal splitter may be implemented as a SPMT switch, a diplexer filter, or some combination of these. Similarly, in some implementations, the second multiplexer 312 is a signal combiner that combines the signals from the two or more of the plurality of paths corresponding to the two or more frequency bands of the multiband signal based on a combiner control signal received from the DRx controller 302. The function of the signal combiner may be implemented as a SPMT switch, a diplexer filter, or some combination of these. The DRx controller 302 may generate the splitter control signal and the combiner control signal based on a band
-21 select signal received by the DRx controller 302 from the communications controller 120.
[0160] Thus, in some implementations, the DRx controller 302 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller 302 (e.g., from the communications controller 120). In some implementations, the DRx controller 302 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths by transmitting a splitter control signal to a signal splitter and a combiner control signal to a signal combiner.
[0161] The DRx module 310 includes a plurality of bandpass filters 313a313d. Each one of the bandpass filters 313a-313d is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to the respective frequency band of the one of the plurality of paths. In some implementations, the bandpass filters 313a-313d are further configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a downlink frequency sub-band of the respective frequency band of the one of the plurality of paths. The DRx module 310 includes a plurality of amplifiers 314a-314d. Each one of the amplifiers 314a-314d is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier.
[0162] In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are narrowband amplifiers configured to amplify a signal within the respective frequency band of the path in which the amplifier is disposed. In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are controllable by the DRx controller 302. For example, in some implementations, each of the amplifiers 314a-314d includes an enable/disable input and is enabled (or disabled) based on an amplifier enable signal received and the enable/disable input. The amplifier enable signal may be transmitted by the DRx controller 302. Thus, in some implementations, the DRx controller 302 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths by transmitting an amplifier enable signal to one or more of the amplifiers 314a-314d respectively disposed along the one or more of the plurality of paths. In such implementations, rather than being controlled by the DRx controller 302, the first multiplexer 311 may be a signal splitter that routes the diversity signal to each of the plurality of paths and the second multiplexer 312 may be a signal combiner that combines the signals from each of the plurality of paths. However, -22 in implementations in which the DRx controller 302 controls the first multiplexer 311 and second multiplexer 312, the DRX controller 302 may also enable (or disable) particular amplifiers 314a-314d, e.g., to save battery.
[0163] In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are variablegain amplifiers (VGAs). Thus, the some implementations, the DRx module 310 includes a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), each one of the VGAs disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the DRx controller 302.
[0164] The gain of a VGA may be bypassable, step-variable, continuously-variable. In some implementations, at least one of the VGAs includes a fixed-gain amplifier and a bypass switch controllable by the amplifier control signal. The bypass switch may (in a first position) close a line between an input of the fixed-gain amplifier to an output of fixed-gain amplifier, allowing a signal to bypass the fixed-gain amplifier. The bypass switch may (in a second position) open the line between the input and the output, passing a signal through the fixedgain amplifier. In some implementations, when the bypass switch is in the first position, the fixed-gain amplifier is disabled or otherwise reconfigured to accommodate the bypass mode.
[0165] In some implementations, at least one of the VGAs includes a step-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the VGA with a gain of one of plurality of configured amounts indicated by the amplifier control signal. In some implementations, at least one of the VGAs includes a continuously-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gain proportional to the amplifier control signal.
[0166] In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are variablecurrent amplifiers (VCAs). The current drawn by a VCA may be bypassable, stepvariable, continuously-variable. In some implementations, at least one of the VCAs includes a fixed-current amplifier and a bypass switch controllable by the amplifier control signal. The bypass switch may (in a first position) close a line between an input of the fixed-current amplifier to an output of fixed-current amplifier, allowing a signal to bypass the fixed-current amplifier. The bypass switch may (in a second position) open the line between the input and the output, passing a signal through the fixed-current amplifier. In some implementations, when the bypass switch is in -23the first position, the fixed-current amplifier is disabled or otherwise reconfigured to accommodate the bypass mode.
[0167] In some implementations, at least one of the VCAs includes a step-variable current amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the VCA by drawing a current of one of plurality of configured amounts indicated by the amplifier control signal. In some implementations, at least one of the VCAs includes a continuously-variable current amplifier configured to amplify a signal received at the VCA by drawing a current proportional to the amplifier control signal.
[0168] In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are fixedgain, fixed-current amplifiers. In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are fixed-gain, variable-current amplifiers. In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are variable-gain, fixed-current amplifiers. In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are variable-gain, variable-current amplifiers.
[0169] In some implementations, the DRx controller 302 generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a quality of service metric of an input signal received at the input. In some implementations, the DRx controller 302 generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a signal received from the communications controller 120, which may, in turn, be based on a quality of service (QoS) metric of the received signal. The QoS metric of the received signal may be based, at least in part, on the diversity signal received on the diversity antenna 140 (e.g., an input signal received at the input). The QoS metric of the received signal may be further based on a signal received on a primary antenna. In some implementations, the DRx controller 302 generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a QoS metric of the diversity signal without receiving a signal from the communications controller 120.
[0170] In some implementations, the QoS metric includes a signal strength. As another example, the QoS metric may include a bit error rate, a data throughput, a transmission delay, or any other QoS metric.
[0171] As noted herein, the DRx module 310 has an input that receives the diversity signal from the diversity antenna 140 and an output that provides a processed diversity signal to the transceiver 330 (via the transmission line 135 and the diversity RF module 320). The diversity RF module 320 receives the processed diversity signal via the transmission line 135 and performs further processing. In -24particular, the processed diversity signal is split or routed by a diversity RF multiplexer 321 to one or more paths on which the split or routed signal is filtered by corresponding bandpass filters 323a-323d and amplified by corresponding amplifiers 324a-324d. The output of each of the amplifiers 324a-324d is provided to the transceiver 330.
[0172] The diversity RF multiplexer 321 may be controlled by the controller 120 (either directly or via or an on-chip diversity RF controller) to selectively activate one or more of the paths. Similarly, the amplifiers 324a-324d may be controlled by the controller 120. For example, in some implementations, each of the amplifiers 324a-324d includes an enable/disable input and is enabled (or disabled) based on an amplifier enable signal. In some implementations, the amplifiers 324a-324d are variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs) that amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller 120 (or an on-chip diversity RF controller controlled by the controller 120). In some implementations, the amplifiers 324a-324d are variablecurrent amplifiers (VCAs).
[0173] With the DRx module 310 added to the receiver chain already including the diversity RF module 320, the number of bandpass filters in the DRx configuration 300 is doubled. Thus, in some implementations, bandpass filters 323a-323d are not included in the diversity RF module 320. Rather, the bandpass filters 313a-313d of the DRx module 310 are used to reduce the strength of out-ofband blockers. Further, the automatic gain control (AGC) table of the diversity RF module 320 may be shifted to reduce the amount of gain provided by the amplifiers 324a-324d of the diversity RF module 320 by the amount of the gain provided by the amplifiers 314a-314d of the DRx module 310.
[0174] For example, if the DRx module gain is 15 dB and the receiver sensitivity is -100 dBm, the diversity RF module 320 will see -85dBm of sensitivity. If the closed-loop AGC of the diversity RF module 320 is active, its gain will drop by 15 dB automatically. However, both signal components and out-of-band blockers are received amplified by 15 dB. Thus, the 15 dB gain drop of the diversity RF module 320 may also be accompanied by a 15 dB increase in its linearity. In particular, the amplifiers 324a-324d of the diversity RF module 320 may be designed such that the linearity of the amplifiers increases with reduced gain (or increased current).
-25[0175] In some implementations, the controller 120 controls the gain (and/or current) of the amplifiers 314a-314d of the DRx module 310 and the amplifiers 324a-324d of the diversity RF module 320. As in the example herein, the controller 120 may reduce an amount of gain provided by the amplifiers 324a324d of the diversity RF module 320 in response to increasing an amount of gain provided by the amplifiers 314a-314d of the DRx module 310. Thus, in some implementations, the controller 120 is configured to generate a downstream amplifier control signal (for the amplifiers 324a-324d of the diversity RF module 320) based on the amplifier control signal (for the amplifiers 314a-314d of the DRx module 310) to control a gain of one or more downstream amplifiers 324a-324d coupled to the output (of the DRx module 310) via the transmission line 135. In some implementations, the controller 120 also controls the gain of other components of the wireless device, such as amplifiers in the front-end module (FEM), based on the amplifier control signal.
[0176] As noted herein, in some implementations, the bandpass filters 323a-323d are not included. Thus, in some implementations, at least one of the downstream amplifiers 324a-324d are coupled to the output (of the DRx module 310) via the transmission line 135 without passing through a downstream bandpass filter.
[0177] Figure 4 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration 400 may include a diversity RF module 420 with fewer amplifiers than a diversity receiver (DRx) module 310. The diversity receiver configuration 400 includes a diversity antenna 140 and a DRx module 310 as described herein with respect to Figure 3. The output of the DRx module 310 is passed, via a transmission line 135, to a diversity RF module 420 which differs from the diversity RF module 320 of Figure 3 in that the diversity RF module 420 of Figure 4 includes fewer amplifiers than the DRx module 310.
[0178] As mentioned herein, in some implementations, the diversity RF module 420 does not include bandpass filters. Thus, in some implementations, the one or more amplifiers 424 of the diversity RF module 420 need not be bandspecific. In particular, the diversity RF module 420 may include one or more paths, each including an amplifier 424, that are not mapped 1 -to-1 with the paths DRx module 310. Such a mapping of paths (or corresponding amplifiers) may be stored in the controller 120.
-26[0179] Accordingly, whereas the DRx module 310 includes a number of paths, each corresponding to a frequency band, the diversity RF module 420 may include one or more paths that do not correspond to a single frequency band.
[0180] In some implementations (as shown in Figure 4), the diversity RF module 420 includes a single wide-band or tunable amplifier 424 that amplifies the signal received from the transmission line 135 and outputs an amplified signal to a multiplexer 421. The multiplexer 421 includes a plurality of multiplexer outputs, each corresponding to a respective frequency band. In some implementations, the diversity RF module 420 does not include any amplifiers.
[0181] In some implementations, the diversity signal is a single-band signal. Thus, in some implementations, the multiplexer 421 is a SPMT switch that routes the diversity signal to one of the plurality of outputs corresponding to the frequency band of the single-band signal based on a signal received from the controller 120. In some implementations, the diversity signal is a multi-band signal. Thus, in some implementations, the multiplexer 421 is a signal splitter that routes the diversity signal to two or more of the plurality of outputs corresponding to the two or more frequency bands of the multi-band signal based on a splitter control signal received from the controller 120. In some implementations, diversity RF module 420 may be combined with the transceiver 330 as a single module.
[0182] In some implementations, the diversity RF module 420 includes multiple amplifiers, each corresponding to a set of frequency bands. The signal from the transmission line 135 may be fed into a band splitter that outputs high frequencies along a first path to a high-frequency amplifier and outputs low frequencies along a second path to a low-frequency amplifier. The output of each of the amplifiers may be provided to the multiplexer 421 which is configured to route the signal to the corresponding inputs of the transceiver 330.
[0183] Figure 5 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration 500 may include a DRx module 510 coupled to an off-module filter 513. The DRx module 510 may include a packaging substrate 501 configured to receive a plurality of components and a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate 501. The DRx module 510 may include one or more signal paths that are routed off the DRx module 510 and made available to a system integrator, designer, or manufacturer to support a filter for any desired band.
-27 [0184] The DRx module 510 includes a number of paths between the input and the output of the DRx module 510. The DRx module 510 includes a bypass path between the input and the output activated by a bypass switch 519 controlled by the DRx controller 502. Although Figure 5 illustrates a single bypass switch 519, in some implementations, the bypass switch 519 may include multiple switches (e.g., a first switch disposed physically close to the input and a second switch disposed physically close to the output. As shown in Figure 5, the bypass path does not include a filter or an amplifier.
[0185] The DRx module 510 includes a number of multiplexer paths including a first multiplexer 511 and a second multiplexer 512. The multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths that include the first multiplexer 511, a bandpass filter 313a-313d implemented on the packaging substrate 501, an amplifier 314a-314d implemented on the packaging substrate 501, and the second multiplexer 512. The multiplexer paths include one or more off-module paths that include the first multiplexer 511, a bandpass filter 513 implemented off the packaging substrate 501, an amplifier 514, and the second multiplexer 512. The amplifier 514 may be a wide-band amplifier implemented on the packaging substrate 501 or may also be implemented off the packaging substrate 501. As described herein, the amplifiers 314a-314d, 514 may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0186] The DRx controller 502 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller 502 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller 502 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller 502 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, opening or closing the bypass switch 519, enabling or disabling the amplifiers 314a-314d, 514, controlling the multiplexers 511, 512, or through other mechanisms. For example, the DRx controller 502 may open or close switches along the paths (e.g., between the filters 313a-313d, 513 and the amplifiers 314a-314d, 514) or by setting the gain of the amplifiers 314a-314d, 514 to substantially zero.
-28Example A: Variable-Gain Amplifiers [0187] As described herein, amplifiers for processing received signals can be variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs). Thus, in some implementations, a DRx module can include a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), with each one of the VGAs being disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from a DRx controller.
[0188] In some embodiments, the gain of a VGA may be bypassable, step-variable, continuously-variable. Figure 6 shows that in some embodiments, a variable-gain amplifier A350 may be bypassable. The VGA A350 includes a fixedgain amplifier A351 and a bypass switch A352 controllable by an amplifier control signal produced by a DRx controller A302. The bypass switch A352 may (in a first position) close a line from an input of the fixed-gain amplifier A351 to an output of the fixed-gain amplifier, allowing a signal to bypass the fixed-gain amplifier A351. The bypass switch A352 may (in a second position) open the line between the input of the fixed-gain amplifier A351 and the output of the fixed-gain amplifier A351, passing a signal through the fixed-gain amplifier A351. In some implementations, when the bypass switch is in the first position, the fixed-gain amplifier is disabled or otherwise reconfigured to accommodate the bypass mode. Referring to the example of Figure 3, in some implementations, at least one of the VGAs 314a314d can include a fixed-gain amplifier and a bypass switch controllable by the amplifier control signal.
[0189] Figure 7 shows that in some embodiments, the gain of a variablegain amplifier A360 may be step-variable or continuously-variable. In some implementations, the VGA A360 is step-variable and, in response to a digital amplifier control signal produced by the DRx controller A302, amplifies the signal received at the input of the VGA A360 with a gain of one of a plurality of configured amounts indicated by the digital signal. In some implementations, the VGA A360 is continuously-variable and, in response to an analog amplifier control signal produced by the DRx controller A302, amplifies the signal received at the input of the VGA A360 with a gain proportional to characteristic (e.g., a voltage or duty cycle) of the analog signal. Referring to the example of Figure 3, in some implementations, at least one of the VGAs 314a-314d can include a step-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the VGA with a gain of -29one of plurality of configured amounts indicated by the amplifier control signal. In some implementations, at least one of the VGAs 314a-314d of Figure 3 can include a continuously-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gain proportional to the amplifier control signal.
[0190] In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d of Figure 3 can be variable-current amplifiers (VCAs). The current drawn by a VCA may be bypassable, step-variable, continuously-variable. In some implementations, at least one of the VCAs includes a fixed-current amplifier and a bypass switch controllable by the amplifier control signal. The bypass switch may (in a first position) close a line between an input of the fixed-current amplifier to an output of fixed-current amplifier, allowing a signal to bypass the fixed-current amplifier. The bypass switch may (in a second position) open the line between the input and the output, passing a signal through the fixed-current amplifier. In some implementations, when the bypass switch is in the first position, the fixed-current amplifier is disabled or otherwise reconfigured to accommodate the bypass mode.
[0191] In some implementations, at least one of the VCAs includes a step-variable current amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the VCA by drawing a current of one of plurality of configured amounts indicated by the amplifier control signal. In some implementations, at least one of the VCAs includes a continuously-variable current amplifier configured to amplify a signal received at the VCA by drawing a current proportional to the amplifier control signal.
[0192] In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d of Figure 3 can be fixed-gain, fixed-current amplifiers. In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are fixed-gain, variable-current amplifiers. In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are variable-gain, fixed-current amplifiers. In some implementations, the amplifiers 314a-314d are variable-gain, variable-current amplifiers.
[0193] In some implementations, the DRx controller 302 generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a quality of service metric of an input signal received at the input of the first multiplexer 311. In some implementations, the DRx controller 302 generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a signal received from the communications controller 120, which may, in turn, be based on a quality of service (QoS) metric of the received signal. The QoS metric of the received -30signal may be based, at least in part, on the diversity signal received on the diversity antenna 140 (e.g., an input signal received at the input). The QoS metric of the received signal may be further based on a signal received on a primary antenna. In some implementations, the DRx controller 302 generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a QoS metric of the diversity signal without receiving a signal from the communications controller 120.
[0194] In some implementations, the QoS metric includes a signal strength. As another example, the QoS metric may include a bit error rate, a data throughput, a transmission delay, or any other QoS metric.
[0195] As noted herein, the DRx module 310 of Figure 3 can have an input that receives the diversity signal from the diversity antenna 140 and an output that provides a processed diversity signal to the transceiver 330 (via the transmission line 135 and the diversity RF module 320). The diversity RF module 320 receives the processed diversity signal via the transmission line 135 and performs further processing. In particular, the processed diversity signal is split or routed by a diversity RF multiplexer 321 to one or more paths on which the split or routed signal is filtered by corresponding bandpass filters 323a-323d and amplified by corresponding amplifiers 324a-324d. The output of each of the amplifiers 324a324d is provided to the transceiver 330.
[0196] The diversity RF multiplexer 321 may be controlled by the controller 120 (either directly or via or an on-chip diversity RF controller) to selectively activate one or more of the paths. Similarly, the amplifiers 324a-324d may be controlled by the controller 120. For example, in some implementations, each of the amplifiers 324a-324d includes an enable/disable input and is enabled (or disabled) based on an amplifier enable signal. In some implementations, the amplifiers 324a-324d are variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs) that amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller 120 (or an on-chip diversity RF controller controlled by the controller 120). In some implementations, the amplifiers 324a-324d are variablecurrent amplifiers (VCAs).
[0197] With the DRx module 310 added to the receiver chain already including the diversity RF module 320, the number of bandpass filters in the DRx configuration 300 is doubled. Thus, in some implementations, bandpass filters 323a-323d are not included in the diversity RF module 320. Rather, the bandpass -31 filters 313a-313d of the DRx module 310 are used to reduce the strength of out-ofband blockers. Further, the automatic gain control (AGC) table of the diversity RF module 320 may be shifted to reduce the amount of gain provided by the amplifiers 324a-324d of the diversity RF module 320 by the amount of the gain provided by the amplifiers 314a-314d ofthe DRx module 310.
[0198] For example, if the DRx module gain is 15 dB and the receiver sensitivity is -100 dBm, the diversity RF module 320 will see -85dBm of sensitivity. If the closed-loop AGC ofthe diversity RF module 320 is active, its gain will drop by 15 dB automatically. However, both signal components and out-of-band blockers are received amplified by 15 dB. Thus, in some implementations, the 15 dB gain drop of the diversity RF module 320 is accompanied by a 15 dB increase in its linearity. In particular, the amplifiers 324a-324d of the diversity RF module 320 may be designed such that the linearity of the amplifiers increases with reduced gain (or increased current).
[0199] In some implementations, the controller 120 controls the gain (and/or current) of the amplifiers 314a-314d of the DRx module 310 and the amplifiers 324a-324d of the diversity RF module 320. As in the example herein, the controller 120 may reduce an amount of gain provided by the amplifiers 324a324d of the diversity RF module 320 in response to increasing an amount of gain provided by the amplifiers 314a-314d of the DRx module 310. Thus, in some implementations, the controller 120 is configured to generate a downstream amplifier control signal (for the amplifiers 324a-324d of the diversity RF module 320) based on the amplifier control signal (for the amplifiers 314a-314d ofthe DRx module 310) to control a gain of one or more downstream amplifiers 324a-324d coupled to the output (of the DRx module 310) via the transmission line 135. In some implementations, the controller 120 also controls the gain of other components of the wireless device, such as amplifiers in the front-end module (FEM), based on the amplifier control signal.
[0200] As noted herein, in some implementations, the bandpass filters 323a-323d are not included. Thus, in some implementations, at least one of the downstream amplifiers 324a-324d are coupled to the output (of the DRx module 310) via the transmission line 135 without passing through a downstream bandpass filter. Examples related to such implementations are described herein in reference to Figure 4.
-32 [0201] Figure 8 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration A600 may include a DRx module A610 with tunable matching circuits. In particular, the DRx module A610 may include one or more tunable matching circuits disposed at one or more of the input and the output of the DRx module A610.
[0202] Multiple frequency bands received on the same diversity antenna 140 are unlikely to all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable input matching circuit A616 may be implemented at the input of the DRx module A610 and controlled by the DRx controller A602 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). The DRx controller A602 may tune the tunable input matching circuit A616 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) with tuning parameters. The tunable input matching circuit A616 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable input matching circuit A616 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the input of the DRx module A610 and the input of the first multiplexer A311 or may be connected between the input of the DRx module A610 and a ground voltage.
[0203] Similarly, with only one transmission line 135 (or, at least, few cables) carrying signals of many frequency bands, it is not likely that multiple frequency bands will all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable output matching circuit A617 may be implemented at the output of the DRx module A610 and controlled by the DRx controller A602 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). The DRx controller A602 may tune the tunable output matching circuit A618 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) with tuning parameters. The tunable output matching circuit A617 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable output matching circuit A617 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the output of the DRx module A610 and the output of the -33second multiplexer A312 or may be connected between the output of the DRx module A610 and a ground voltage.
[0204] Figure 9 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration A700 may include multiple antennas. Although Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment with two antennas A740a-A740b and one transmission line 135, aspects described herein may be implemented in embodiments with more than two antennas and/or two or more cables.
[0205] The diversity receiver configuration A700 includes a DRx module A710 coupled to a first antenna A740a and a second antenna A740b. In some implementations, the first antenna A740a is a high-band antenna configured to receive signals transmitted at higher frequency bands and the second antenna A740b is a low-band antenna configured to receive signals transmitted at lower frequency bands.
[0206] The DRx module A710 includes a first tunable input matching circuit A716a at a first input of the DRx module A710 and a second tunable input matching circuit A716b at a second input of the DRx module A710. The DRx module A710 further includes a tunable output matching circuit A717 at the output of the DRx module A710. The DRx controller A702 may tune each of the tunable matching circuits A716a-A716b, A717 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) with tuning parameters. Each of the tunable matching circuits A716a-A716b, A717 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit.
[0207] The DRx module A710 includes a number of paths between the inputs (the first input coupled to the first antenna A740a and the second input coupled to the second antenna A740b) and the output (coupled to the transmission line 135) of the DRx module A710. In some implementations, the DRx module A710 includes one or more bypass paths (not shown) between the inputs and the output activated by one or more bypass switches controlled by the DRx controller A702.
[0208] The DRx module A710 includes a number of multiplexer paths including one of a first input multiplexer A711 a or a second input multiplexer A711 b and including an output multiplexer A712. The multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths (shown) that include one of the tunable input matching circuit A716a-A716b, one of the input multiplexers A711a-A711b, a bandpass filter -34A713a-A713h, an amplifier A714a-A714h, the output multiplexer A712, and the output matching circuit A717. The multiplexer paths may include one or more offmodule paths (not shown) as described herein. As also described herein, the amplifiers A714a-A714h may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0209] The DRx controller A702 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller A702 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller A702 (e.g., from a communications controller). In some implementations, the DRx controller A702 is configured to tune the tunable matching circuits A716a-A716b, A717 based on the band select signal. The DRx controller A702 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers A714a-A714h, controlling the multiplexers A711a-A711b, A712, or through other mechanisms as described herein.
[0210] Figure 10 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of a method of processing an RF signal. In some implementations (and as detailed below as an example), the method A800 is performed by a controller, such as the DRx controller 302 of Figure 3 or the communications controller 120 of Figure 3. In some implementations, the method A800 is performed by processing logic, including hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the method A800 is performed by a processor executing code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a memory). Briefly, the method A800 includes receiving a band select signal and routing a received RF signal along one or more gain-controlled paths to process the received RF signal.
[0211] The method A800 begins, at block A810, with the controller receiving a band select signal. The controller may receive the band select signal from another controller or may receive the band select signal from a cellular base station or other external source. The band select signal may indicate one or more frequency bands over which a wireless device is to transmit and receive RF signals. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates a set of frequency bands for carrier aggregation communication.
-35[0212] In some implementations, the controller tunes one or more tunable matching circuits based on the received band select signal. For example, the controller may tune the tunable matching circuits based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters.
[0213] At block A820, the controller selectively activates one or more paths of a diversity receiver (DRx) module based on the band select signal. As described herein, a DRx module may include a number of paths between one or more inputs (coupled to one or more antennas) and one or more outputs (coupled to one or more cables) of the DRx module. The paths may include bypass paths and multiplexer paths. The multiplexer paths may include on-module paths and off-module paths.
[0214] The controller may selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths by, for example, opening or closing one or more bypass switches, enabling or disabling amplifiers disposed along the paths via an amplifier enable signal, controlling one or more multiplexers via a splitter control signal and/or a combiner control signal, or through other mechanisms. For example, the controller may open or close switches disposed along the paths or by setting the gain of the amplifiers disposed along the paths to substantially zero.
[0215] At block A830, the controller sends an amplifier control signal to one or more amplifiers respectively disposed along the one or more activated paths. The amplifier control signal controls the gain (or current) of the amplifier to which it is sent. In one embodiment, the amplifier includes a fixed-gain amplifier and a bypass switch controllable by the amplifier control signal. Thus, in one embodiment, the amplifier control signal indicates whether the bypass switch is to be open or closed.
[0216] In one embodiment, the amplifier includes a step-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the amplifier with a gain of one of a plurality of configured amounts indicated by the amplifier control signal. Thus, in one embodiment, the amplifier control signal indicates one of a plurality of configured amounts.
[0217] In one embodiment, the amplifier includes a continuously-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the amplifier with a gain
-36proportional to the amplifier control signal. Thus, in one embodiment, the amplifier control signal indicates a proportional amount of gain.
[0218] In some implementations, the controller generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a quality of service (QoS) metric of an input signal received at the input. In some implementations, the controller generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a signal received from another controller, which may, in turn, be based on a QoS metric of the received signal. The QoS metric of the received signal may be based, at least in part, on the diversity signal received on the diversity antenna (e.g., an input signal received at the input). The QoS metric of the received signal may be further based on a signal received on a primary antenna. In some implementations, the controller generates the amplifier control signal(s) based on a QoS metric of the diversity signal without receiving a signal from another controller. For example, the QoS metric may include a signal strength. As another example, the QoS metric may include a bit error rate, a data throughput, a transmission delay, or any other QoS metric.
[0219] In some implementations, the controller, in block A830, also sends a downstream amplifier control signal based on the amplifier control signal to control a gain of one or more downstream amplifiers coupled to the output via one or more cables.
[0220] Among others, the foregoing Example A related to variable-gain amplifiers can be summarized as follows.
[0221] In accordance with some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a receiving system including a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of a first multiplexer and an output of a second multiplexer. The receiving system further includes a plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the plurality of bandpass filters is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective band. The receiving system further includes a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs). Each one of the plurality of VGAs is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplifier a signal received at the VGA with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller.
[0222] In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to selectively activate the one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select -37 signal received by the controller. In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to selectively activate the one or more of the plurality of paths by transmitting a splitter control signal to the first multiplexer and a combiner control signal to the second multiplexer. In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to selectively activate the one or more of the plurality of paths by transmitting an amplifier enable signal to one or more of the plurality of VGAs respectively disposed along the one or more of the plurality of paths.
[0223] In some embodiments, at least one of the VGAs can include a fixed-gain amplifier and a bypass switch controllable by the amplifier control signal. In some embodiments, at least one of the VGAs can include a step-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the VGA with a gain of one of a plurality of configured amounts indicated by the amplifier control signal or a continuously-variable gain amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the VGA with a gain proportional to the amplifier control signal. In some embodiments, at least one of the VGAs can include a variable-current amplifier configured to amplify the signal received at the amplifier by drawing an amount of current controlled by the amplifier control signal.
[0224] In some embodiments, the amplifier control signal is based on a quality of service metric of an input signal received at the input of the first multiplexer.
[0225] In some embodiments, at least one of the VGAs can include a low-noise amplifier.
[0226] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include one or more tunable matching circuits disposed at one or more of the input and the output.
[0227] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a transmission line coupled to the output of the second multiplexer and coupled to a downstream module including one or more downstream amplifiers. In some embodiments, the controller can be further configured to generate a downstream amplifier control signal based on the amplifier control signal to control a gain of the one or more downstream amplifiers. In some embodiments, at least one of the downstream amplifiers can be coupled to the transmission line without passing through a downstream bandpass filter. In some embodiments, a number of the one or more downstream amplifiers can be less than a number of the VGAs.
-38[0228] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) module that includes a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The RF module further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of a first multiplexer and an output of a second multiplexer (e.g., an input of the RF module and an output of the RF module). The receiving system further includes a plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the bandpass filters is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band. The receiving system further includes a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs). Each one of the plurality of VGAs is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller.
[0229] In some embodiments, the RF module can be a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
[0230] In some embodiments, the plurality of paths includes an offmodule path. The off-module path can include an off-module bandpass filter and one of the plurality of VGAs.
[0231] According to some teachings, the present disclosure relates to a wireless device that includes a first antenna configured to receive a first radiofrequency (RF) signal. The wireless device further includes a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna. The first FEM including a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The first FEM further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of a first multiplexer and an output of a second multiplexer. The receiving system further includes a plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the plurality of bandpass filters is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band. The receiving system further includes a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs). Each one of the plurality of VGAs is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the VGA with a gain controlled by -39an amplifier control signal received from the controller. The wireless device further includes a communications module configured to receive a processed version of the first RF signal from the output via a cable and generate data bits based on the processed version of the first RF signal.
[0232] In some embodiments, the wireless device further includes a second antenna configured to receive a second radio-frequency (RF) signal and a second FEM in communication with the second antenna. The communications module can be configured to receive a processed version of the second RF signal from an output of the second FEM and generate the data bits based on the processed version of the second RF signal.
[0233] In some embodiment, the wireless device includes a communications controller configured to control the first FEM and a gain of one or more downstream amplifiers of the communications module.
Example B: Phase-Shifting Components [0234] Figure 11 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration B600 may include a DRx module B610 with one or more phase matching components B624a-B624b. The DRx module B610 includes two paths from an input of the DRx module B610, coupled to an antenna 140, and an output of the DRx module B610, coupled to a transmission line 135.
[0235] In the DRx module B610 of Figure 11, the signal splitter and bandpass filters are implemented as a diplexer B611. The diplexer B611 includes an input coupled to the antenna 140, a first output coupled to a first amplifier 314a, and a second output coupled to a second amplifier 314b. At the first output, the diplexer B611 outputs a signal received at the input (e.g., from the antenna 140) filtered to a first frequency band. At the second output, the diplexer B611 outputs the signal received at the input filtered to a second frequency band. In some implementations, the diplexer B611 may be replaced with a triplexer, a quadplexer, or any other multiplexer configured to split an input signal received at the input of the DRx module B610 into a plurality of signals at a respective plurality of frequency bands propagated along a plurality of paths.
[0236] As described herein, each one of the amplifiers 314a-314b is disposed along a corresponding one of the paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The output of the amplifiers 314a-314b are fed -40through a corresponding phase-shift component B624a-B624b before being combined by a signal combiner B612.
[0237] The signal combiner B612 includes a first input coupled to the first phase shift component B624a, a second input coupled to second phase shift component B624b, and an output coupled to the output of the DRx module B610. The signal at the output of the signal combiner is a sum of the signals at the first input and the second input. Thus, the signal combiner is configured to combine signals propagated along the plurality of paths.
[0238] When a signal is received by the antenna 140, the signal is filtered by the diplexer B611 to a first frequency band and propagated along the first path through the first amplifier 314a. The filtered and amplified signal is phase-shifted by the first phase-shift component B624a and fed to the first input of the signal combiner B612. In some implementations, the signal combiner B612 or the second amplifier 314b do not prevent the signal from continuing through the signal combiner B612 along the second path in a reverse direction. Thus, the signal propagates through the second phase-shift component B624b and through the second amplifier 314b, where it reflects off the diplexer B611. The reflected signal propagates through the second amplifier 314b and the second phase-shift component B624b to reach the second input of the signal combiner B612.
[0239] When the initial signal (at the first input of the signal combiner B612) and the reflected signal (at the second input of the signal combiner B612) are out-of-phase, the summation performed by the signal combiner B612 results in a weakening of the signal at the output of the signal combiner B612. Similarly, when the initial signal and the reflected signal are in-phase, the summation performed by the signal combiner B612 results in a strengthening of the signal at the output of the signal combiner B612. Thus, in some implementations, the second phase-shift component B624b is configured to phase-shift the signal (at least in the first frequency band) such that the initial signal and the reflected signal are at least partially in-phase. In particular, the second phase-shift component B624b is configured to phase-shift the signal (at least in the first frequency band) such that the amplitude of the sum of initial signal and the reflected signal is greater than the amplitude of the initial signal.
[0240] For example, the second phase-shift component B624b may be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the second phase-shift -41 component B624b by -1/2 times the phase-shift introduced by reverse propagation through the second amplifier 314b, reflection off the diplexer B611, and forward propagation through the second amplifier 314b. As another example, the second phase-shift component B624b may be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the second phase-shift component B624b by half of the difference between 360 degrees and the phase-shift introduced by reverse propagation through the second amplifier 314b, reflection off the diplexer B611, and forward propagation through the second amplifier 314b. In general, the second phase-shift component B624b may be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the second phase-shift component B624b such that the initial signal and the reflected signal have a phase difference of an integer multiple (including zero) of 360 degrees.
[0241] As an example, the initial signal may be at 0 degrees (or any other reference phase), and the reverse propagation through the second amplifier 314b, reflection off the diplexer B611, and forward propagation through the second amplifier 314b may introduce a phase shift of 140 degrees. Thus, in some implementations, the second phase-shift component B624b is configured to phaseshift a signal passing through the second phase-shift component B624b by -70 degrees. Thus, the initial signal is phase-shifted to -70 degrees by the second phase-shift component B624b, to 70 degrees by reverse propagation through the second amplifier 314b, reflection off the diplexer B611, and forward propagation through the second amplifier 314b, and back to 0 degrees by the second-phase shift component B624b.
[0242] In some implementations, the second phase-shift component B624b is configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the second phase-shift component B624b by 110 degrees. Thus, the initial signal is phase-shifted to 110 degrees by the second phase-shift component B624b, to 250 degrees by reverse propagation through the second amplifier 314b, reflection off the diplexer B611, and forward propagation through the second amplifier 314b, and to 360 degrees by the second-phase shift component B624b.
[0243] At the same time, the signal received by the antenna 140 is filtered by the diplexer B611 to a second frequency band and propagated along the second path through the second amplifier 314b. The filtered and amplified signal is phase-shifted by the second phase-shift component B624b and fed to the second input of the signal combiner B612. In some implementations, the signal -42 combiner B612 or the first amplifier 314a do not prevent the signal from continuing through the signal combiner B612 along the first path in a reverse direction. Thus, the signal propagates through the first phase-shift component B624a and through the second amplifier 314a, where it reflects off the diplexer B611. The reflected signal propagates through the first amplifier 314a and the first phase-shift component B624a to reach the first input of the signal combiner B612.
[0244] When the initial signal (at the second input of the signal combiner B612) and the reflected signal (at the first input of the signal combiner B612) are out-of-phase, the summation performed by the signal combiner B612 results in a weakening of the signal at the output ofthe signal combiner B612 and when the initial signal and the reflected signal are in-phase, the summation performed by the signal combiner B612 results in a strengthening of the signal at the output of the signal combiner B612. Thus, in some implementations, the first phase-shift component B624a is configured to phase-shift the signal (at least in the second frequency band) such that the initial signal and the reflected signal are at least partially in-phase.
[0245] For example, the first phase-shift component B624a may be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the first phase-shift component B624a by -1/2 times the phase-shift introduced by reverse propagation through the first amplifier 314a, reflection off the diplexer B611, and forward propagation through the first amplifier 314a. As another example, the first phase-shift component B624a may be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the first phase-shift component B624a by half ofthe difference between 360 degrees and the phase-shift introduced by reverse propagation through the first amplifier 314a, reflection off the diplexer B611, and forward propagation through the first amplifier 314a. In general, the first phase-shift component B624a may be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the first phase-shift component B624a such that the initial signal and the reflected signal have a phase difference of an integer multiple (including zero) of 360 degrees.
[0246] The phase-shift components B624a-B624b may be implemented as passive circuits. In particular, the phase-shift components B624a-B624b may be implemented as LC circuits and include one or more passive components, such as inductors and/or capacitors. The passive components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the outputs of the -43amplifiers 314a-314b and the inputs of the signal combiner B612 or may be connected between the outputs of the amplifiers 314a-314b and a ground voltage. In some implementations, the phase-shift components B624a-B624b are integrated into the same die as the amplifiers 314a-314b or on the same package.
[0247] In some implementations (e.g., as shown in Figure 11), the phase-shift components B624a-B624b are disposed along the paths after the amplifiers 314a-314b. Thus, any signal attenuation caused by the phase-shift components B624a-B624b does not affect the performance of the module B610, e.g., the signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal. However, in some implementations, the phase-shift components B624a-B624b are disposed along the paths before the amplifiers 314a-314b. For example, the phase-shift components B624a-B624b may be integrated into an impedance matching component disposed between the diplexer B611 and the amplifiers 314a-314b.
[0248] Figure 12 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration B640 may include a DRx module B641 with one or more phase matching components B624a-B624b and dual-stage amplifiers B614a-B614b. The DRx module B641 of Figure 12 is substantially similar to the DRx module B610 of Figure 11, except that the amplifiers 314a-314b of the DRx module B610 of Figure 11 are replaced with dual-stage amplifiers B614a-B614b in the DRx module B641 of Figure 12.
[0249] Figure 13 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration B680 may include a DRx module B681 with one or more phase matching components B624a-B624b and a post-combiner amplifier B615. The DRx module B681 of Figure 13 is substantially similar to the DRx module B610 of Figure 11, except that the DRx module B681 of Figure 13 includes a post-combiner amplifier B615 disposed between the output of the signal combiner B612 and the output of the DRx module B681. Like the amplifiers 314a-314b, the post-combiner amplifier B615 may be a variable-gain amplifier (VGA) and/or a variable-current amplifier controlled by a DRx controller (not shown).
[0250] Figure 14 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration B700 may include a DRx module B710 with tunable phase-shift components B724a-B724d. Each of the tunable phase-shift components B724aB724d may be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the tunable
-44phase-shift component an amount controlled by a phase-shift tuning signal received from a DRx controller B702.
[0251] The diversity receiver configuration B700 includes a DRx module B710 having an input coupled to an antenna 140 and an output coupled to a transmission line 135. The DRx module B710 includes a number of paths between the input and the output of the DRx module B710. In some implementations, the DRx module B710 includes one or more bypass paths (not shown) between the inputs and the output activated by one or more bypass switches controlled by the DRx controller B702.
[0252] The DRx module B710 includes a number of multiplexer paths including an input multiplexer B311 and an output multiplexer B312. The multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths (shown) that include the input multiplexer B311, a bandpass filter B313a-B313d, an amplifier B314a-B314d, a tunable phase-shift component B724a-B724d, the output multiplexer B312, and a post-combiner amplifier B615. The multiplexer paths may include one or more off-module paths (not shown) as described herein. As also described herein, the amplifiers B314a-B314d (including the post-gain amplifier B615) may be variablegain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0253] The tunable phase-shift components B724a-B724d may include one or more variable components, such as inductors and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the outputs of the amplifiers B314a-B314d and the inputs of the output multiplexer B312 or may be connected between the outputs of the amplifiers B314a-B314d and a ground voltage.
[0254] The DRx controller B702 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller B702 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller B702 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller B702 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers B314a-B314d, controlling the multiplexers B311, B312, or through other mechanisms as described herein.
[0255] In some implementations, the DRx controller B702 is configured to tune the tunable phase-shift components B724a-B724d. In some -45implementations, the DRx controller B702 tunes the tunable phase-shift components B724a-B724d based on the band select signal. For example, the DRx controller B702 may tune the tunable phase-shift components B724a-B724d based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller B702 may transmit a phaseshift tuning signal to the tunable phase-shift component B724a-B724d of each active path to tune the tunable phase-shift component (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters.
[0256] The DRx controller B702 may be configured to tune the tunable phase-shift components B724a-B724d such that out-of-band reflected signals are in-phase at the output multiplexer B312 with out-of-band initial signals. For example, if the band select signal indicates that the first path (through the first amplifier B314a) corresponding to a first frequency band, the second path (through the second amplifier B314b) corresponding to a second frequency band, and the third path (through the third amplifier B314c) are to be activated, the DRx controller B702 may tune the first tunable phase-shift component B724a such that (1) for a signal propagating along the second path (at the second frequency band), the initial signal is in-phase with a reflected signal that reverse propagates along the first path, reflects off the bandpass filter B313a, and forward propagates through the first path and (2) for a signal propagating along the third path (at the third frequency band), the initial signal is in-phase with a reflected signal that reverse propagates along the first path, reflects off the bandpass filter B313a, and forward propagates through the first path.
[0257] The DRx controller B702 may tune the first tunable phase-shift component B724a such that the second frequency band is phase-shifted a different amount than the third frequency band. For example, if the signal at the second frequency band is phase-shifted by 140 degrees and the third frequency band is phase-shifted by 130 degrees by reverse propagation through the first amplifier B314a, reflection off the bandpass filter B313a, and forward propagation through the first amplifier B314b, the DRx controller B702 may tune the first tunable phaseshift component B724a to phase-shift the second frequency band by -70 degrees (or 110 degrees) and phase-shift the third frequency band by -65 degrees (or 115 degrees).
-46[0258] The DRx controller B702 may similarly tune the second phaseshift component B724b and third phase-shift component B724c.
[0259] As another example, if the band select signal indicates that the first path, the second path, and the fourth path (through the fourth amplifier B314d) are to be activated, the DRx controller B702 may tune the first tunable phase-shift component B724a such that (1) for a signal propagating along the second path (at the second frequency band), the initial signal is in-phase with a reflected signal that reverse propagates along the first path, reflects off the bandpass filter B313a, and forward propagates through the first path and (2) for a signal propagating along the fourth path (at the fourth frequency band), the initial signal is in-phase with a reflected signal that reverse propagates along the first path, reflects off the bandpass filter B313a, and forward propagates through the first path.
[0260] The DRx controller B702 may tune the variable components of the tunable phase-shift components B724a-B724d to have different values for different sets of frequency bands.
[0261] In some implementations, the tunable phase-shift components B724a-B724d are replaced with fixed phase-shift components that are not tunable or controlled by the DRx controller B702. Each one of the phase-shift components disposed along a corresponding one of the paths corresponding to one frequency band may be configured to phase-shift each of the other frequency bands such that an initial signal along a corresponding other path is in-phase with a reflected signal that reverse propagates along the one of the paths, reflects off the corresponding bandpass filter, and forward propagates through the one of the paths.
[0262] For example, the third phase-shift component B724c may be fixed and configured to (1) phase-shift the first frequency band such that an initial signal at the first frequency (propagating along the first path) is in-phase with a reflected signal that reverse propagates along the third path, reflects off the third bandpass filter B313c, and forward propagates through the third path, (2) phase-shift the second frequency band such that an initial signal at the second frequency (propagating along the second path) is in-phase with a reflected signal that reverse propagates along the third path, reflects off the third bandpass filter B313c, and forward propagates through the third path, and (3) phase-shift the fourth frequency band such that an initial signal at the fourth frequency (propagating along the fourth -47 path) is in-phase with a reflected signal that reverse propagates along the third path, reflects off the third bandpass filter B313c, and forward propagates through the third path. The other phase-shift components may be similarly fixed and configured.
[0263] Thus, the DRx module B710 includes a DRx controller B702 configured to selectively one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the DRx module B710 and an output of the DRx module B710. The DRx module B710 further includes plurality of amplifiers B314a-B314d, each one of the plurality of amplifiers B314a-B314d disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The DRx module further includes a plurality of phase-shift components B724a-B724d, each one of the plurality of phase-shift components B724a-B724d disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component.
[0264] In some implementations, the first phase-shift component B724a is disposed along a first path corresponding to a first frequency band (e.g., the frequency band of the first bandpass filter B313a) and is configured to phase-shift a second frequency band (e.g., the frequency band of the second bandpass filter B313b) of a signal passing through the first phase-shift component B724a such that an initial signal propagated along a second path corresponding to the second frequency band and a reflected signal propagated along the first path are at least partially in-phase.
[0265] In some implementations, the first phase-shift component B724a is further configured to phase-shift a third frequency band (e.g., the frequency band of the third bandpass filter B313c) of a signal passing through the first phase-shift component B724a such that an initial signal propagated along a third path corresponding to the third frequency band and a reflected signal propagated along the first path are at least partially in-phase.
[0266] Similarly, in some implementations, the second phase-shift component B724b disposed along the second path is configured to phase-shift the first frequency band of a signal passing through the second phase-shift component B724b such that an initial signal propagated along the first path and a reflected signal propagated along the second path are at least partially in-phase.
-48[0267] Figure 17 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration BC1000 may include a DRx module BC1010 with tunable impedance matching components disposed at the input and output. The DRx module BC1010 may include one or more tunable impedance matching components disposed at one or more of the input and the output of the DRx module BC1010. In particular, the DRx module BC1010 may include an input tunable impedance matching component BC1016 disposed at the input of the DRx module BC1010, an output tunable impedance matching component BC1017 disposed at the output of the DRx module BC1010, or both.
[0268] Multiple frequency bands received on the same diversity antenna 140 are unlikely to all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 may be implemented at the input of the DRx module BC1010 and controlled by the DRx controller BC1002 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). For example, the DRx controller BC1002 may tune the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller BC1002 may transmit an input impedance tuning signal to the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 to tune the tunable input impedance matching component (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters.
[0269] The tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the input of the DRx module BC1010 and the input of the first multiplexer BC311 or may be connected between the input of the DRx module BC1010 and a ground voltage.
[0270] Similarly, with only one transmission line 135 (or, at least, few transmission lines) carrying signals of many frequency bands, it is not likely that multiple frequency bands will all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable output impedance -49matching component BC1017 may be implemented at the output of the DRx module BC1010 and controlled by the DRx controller BC1002 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). For example, the DRx controller BC1002 may tune the tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller BC1002 may transmit an output impedance tuning signal to the tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 to tune the tunable output impedance matching component (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters.
[0271] The tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the output of the second multiplexer BC312 and the output of the DRx module BC1010 or may be connected between the output of the second multiplexer BC312 and a ground voltage.
[0272] Figure 18 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration BC1100 may include a DRx module BC1110 with multiple tunable components. The diversity receiver configuration BC1100 includes a DRx module BC1110 having an input coupled to an antenna 140 and an output coupled to a transmission line 135. The DRx module BC1110 includes a number of paths between the input and the output of the DRx module BC1110. In some implementations, the DRx module BC1110 includes one or more bypass paths (not shown) between the inputs and the output activated by one or more bypass switches controlled by the DRx controller BC1102.
[0273] The DRx module BC1110 includes a number of multiplexer paths including an input multiplexer BC311 and an output multiplexer BC312. The multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths (shown) that include a tunable input impedance matching component BC1016, the input multiplexer BC311, a bandpass filter BC313a-BC313d, a tunable impedance matching component BC934a-BC934d, an amplifier BC314a-BC314d, a tunable phase-shift -50component BC724a-BC724d, the output multiplexer BC312, and a tunable output impedance matching component BC1017. The multiplexer paths may include one or more off-module paths (not shown) as described herein. As also described herein, the amplifiers BC314a-BC314d may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0274] The DRx controller BC1102 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller BC1102 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller BC1102 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller BC902 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers BC314a-BC314d, controlling the multiplexers BC311, BC312, or through other mechanisms as described herein. In some implementations, the DRx controller BC1102 is configured to send an amplifier control signal to one or more amplifiers BC314a-BC314d respectively disposed along the one or more activated paths. The amplifier control signal controls the gain (or current) of the amplifier to which it is sent.
[0275] The DRx controller BC1102 is configured to tune one or more of the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016, the tunable impedance matching components BC934a-BC934d, the tunable phase-shift components BC724a-BC724d, and the tunable output impedance matching component BC1017. For example, the DRx controller BC1102 may tune the tunable components based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller BC1101 may transmit a tuning signal to the tunable components (of active paths) to tune the tunable components (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters. In some implementations, the DRx controller BC1102 tunes the tunable components based, at least in part, on the amplifier control signals transmitted to control the gain and/or current of the amplifiers BC314a-BC314d. In various implementations, one or more of the tunable components may be replaced by fixed components that are not controlled by the DRx controller BC1102.
[0276] It is to be appreciated that the tuning of one of the tunable components may affect the tuning of other tunable components. Thus, the tuning -51 parameters in a lookup table for a first tunable component may be based on the tuning parameters for a second tunable component. For example, the tuning parameters for the tunable phase-shift components BC724a-BC724d may be based on the tuning parameters for the tunable impedance matching components BC934a-BC934d. As another example, the tuning parameters for the tunable impedance matching components BC934a-BC934d may be based on the tuning parameters for the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016.
[0277] Figure 19 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of a method of processing an RF signal. In some implementations (and as detailed below as an example), the method BC1200 is performed by a controller, such as the DRx controller BC1102 of Figure 18. In some implementations, the method BC1200 is performed by processing logic, including hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the method BC1200 is performed by a processor executing code stored in a non-transitory computerreadable medium (e.g., a memory). Briefly, the method BC1200 includes receiving a band select signal and routing a received RF signal along one or more tuned paths to process the received RF signal.
[0278] The method BC1200 begins, at block BC1210, with the controller receiving a band select signal. The controller may receive the band select signal from another controller or may receive the band select signal from a cellular base station or other external source. The band select signal may indicate one or more frequency bands over which a wireless device is to transmit and receive RF signals. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates a set of frequency bands for carrier aggregation communication.
[0279] At block BC1220, the controller selectively activates one or more paths of a diversity receiver (DRx) module based on the band select signal. As described herein, a DRx module may include a number of paths between one or more inputs (coupled to one or more antennas) and one or more outputs (coupled to one or more transmission lines) of the DRx module. The paths may include bypass paths and multiplexer paths. The multiplexer paths may include on-module paths and off-module paths.
[0280] The controller may selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths by, for example, opening or closing one or more bypass switches, enabling or disabling amplifiers disposed along the paths via an amplifier enable signal, -52 controlling one or more multiplexers via a splitter control signal and/or a combiner control signal, or through other mechanisms. For example, the controller may open or close switches disposed along the paths or set the gain of the amplifiers disposed along the paths to substantially zero.
[0281] At block BC1230, the controller sends a tuning signal to one or more tunable components disposed along the one or more activated paths. The tunable components may include one or more of a tunable impedance matching component disposed at the input of the DRx module, a plurality of tunable impedance matching components respectively disposed along the plurality of paths, a plurality of tunable phase-shift components respectively disposed along the plurality of paths, or a tunable output impedance matching component disposed at the output of the DRx module.
[0282] The controller may tune the tunable components based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller may transmit a tuning signal to the tunable components (of active paths) to tune the tunable components (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters. In some implementations, the controller tunes the tunable components based, at least in part, on amplifier control signals transmitted to control the gain and/or current of one or more amplifiers respectively disposed along the one or more activated paths.
[0283] Among others, the foregoing Example B related to phase-shifting components can be summarized as follows.
[0284] In accordance with some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a receiving system including a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system. The receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a plurality of phase-shift components. Each one of the plurality of phase-shift components is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component.
-53[0285] In some embodiments, a first phase-shift component of the plurality of phase-shift components disposed along a first path of the plurality of paths corresponding to a first frequency band can be configured to phase-shift a second frequency band of a signal passing through the first phase-shift component such that a second initial signal propagated along a second path ofthe plurality of paths corresponding to the second frequency band and a second reflected signal propagated along the first path are at least partially in-phase.
[0286] In some embodiments, a second phase-shift component of the plurality of phase-shift components disposed along the second path can be configured to phase-shift the first frequency band of a signal passing through the second phase-shift component such that a first initial signal propagated along the first path and a first reflected signal propagated along the second path are at least partially in-phase.
[0287] In some embodiments, the first phase-shift component can be further configured to phase-shift a third frequency band of a signal passing through the first phase-shift component such that a third initial signal propagated along a third path of the plurality of paths corresponding to the third frequency band and a third reflected signal propagated along the first path are at least partially in-phase.
[0288] In some embodiments, the first phase-shift component can be configured to phase-shift the second frequency band of a signal passing through the first phase-shift component such that the second initial signal and the second reflected signal have a phase difference of an integer multiple of 360 degrees.
[0289] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a multiplexer configured to split an input signal received at the input into a plurality of signals at a respective plurality of frequency bands propagated along the plurality of paths. In some embodiment, the receiving system can further include a signal combiner configured to combine signals propagating along the plurality of paths. In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a postcombiner amplifier disposed between the signal combiner and the output, the postcombiner amplifier configured to amplify a signal received at the post-combiner amplifier. In some embodiments, each one of the plurality of phase-shift components can be disposed between the signal combiner and a respective one of the plurality of amplifiers. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of amplifiers can include a dual-stage amplifier.
-54[0290] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of phase-shift components can be a passive circuit. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of phase-shift components can be an LC circuit.
[0291] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of phase-shift components can include a tunable phase-shift component configured to phaseshift a signal passing through the tunable phase-shift component an amount controlled by a phase-shift tuning signal received from the controller.
[0292] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a plurality of impedance matching components, each one of the impedance matching components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to decrease at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-ofband gain of the corresponding one of the plurality of paths.
[0293] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) module that includes a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The RF module further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system. The receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a plurality of phase-shift components. Each one of the plurality of phase-shift components is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component.
[0294] In some embodiments, the RF module can be a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
[0295] In some embodiments, a first phase-shift component of the plurality of phase-shift components disposed along a first path of the plurality of paths corresponding to a first frequency band is configured to phase-shift the second frequency band of a signal passing through the first phase-shift component such that a second initial signal propagated along a second path of the plurality of paths corresponding to the second frequency band and a second reflected signal propagated along the first path are at least partially in-phase.
-55[0296] According to some teachings, the present disclosure relates to a wireless device that includes a first antenna configured to receive a first radiofrequency (RF) signal. The wireless device further includes a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna. The first FEM including a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The first FEM further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system. The receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a plurality of phase-shift components. Each one of the plurality of phase-shift components is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component. The wireless device further includes a transceiver configured to receive a processed version of the first RF signal from the output via a transmission line and generate data bits based on the processed version of the first RF signal.
[0297] In some embodiments, the wireless device can further include a second antenna configured to receive a second radio-frequency (RF) signal and a second FEM in communication with the first antenna. The transceiver can be configured to receive a processed version of the second RF signal from an output of the second FEM and generate the data bits based on the processed version of the second RF signal.
[0298] In some embodiments, a first phase-shift component of the plurality of phase-shift components disposed along a first path of the plurality of paths corresponding to a first frequency band is configured to phase-shift the second frequency band of a signal passing through the first phase-shift component such that a second initial signal propagated along a second path of the plurality of paths corresponding to the second frequency band and a second reflected signal propagated along the first path are at least partially in-phase.
Example C: Impedance-Shifting Components
-56[0299] Figure 15 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration C800 may include a DRx module C810 with one or more impedance matching components C834a-C834b. The DRx module C810 includes two paths from an input of the DRx module C810, coupled to an antenna 140, and an output of the DRx module C810, coupled to a transmission line 135.
[0300] In the DRx module C810 of Figure 15 (as in the DRx module B610 of Figure 11), the signal splitter and bandpass filters are implemented as a diplexer C611. The diplexer C611 includes an input coupled to the antenna, a first output coupled to a first impedance matching component C834a, and a second output coupled to a second impedance matching component C834b. At the first output, the diplexer C611 outputs a signal received at the input (e.g., from the antenna 140) filtered to a first frequency band. At the second output, the diplexer C611 outputs the signal received at the input filtered to a second frequency band.
[0301] Each of the impedance matching components C834a-C634d is disposed between the diplexer C611 and an amplifier C314a-C314b. As described herein, each one of the amplifiers C314a-C314b is disposed along a corresponding one of the paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The output of the amplifiers C314a-C314b are fed to a signal combiner C612.
[0302] The signal combiner C612 includes a first input coupled to the first amplifier C314a, a second input coupled to second amplifier C314b, and an output coupled to the output of the DRx module C610. The signal at the output of the signal combiner is a sum of the signals at the first input and the second input.
[0303] When a signal is received by the antenna 140, the signal is filtered by the diplexer C611 to a first frequency band and propagated along the first path through the first amplifier C314a. Similarly, the signal is filtered by the diplexer C611 to a second frequency band and propagated along the second path through the second amplifier C314b.
[0304] Each of the paths may be characterized by a noise figure and a gain. The noise figure of each path is a representation of the degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by the amplifier and impedance matching component disposed along the path. In particular, the noise figure of each path is the difference in decibels (dB) between the SNR at the input of the impedance matching component C834a-C834b and the SNR at the output of the amplifier C314a-C314b. Thus, the noise figure is a measure of the difference between the -57 noise output of the amplifier to the noise output of an “ideal” amplifier (that does not produce noise) with the same gain. Similarly, the gain for each path is a representation of the gain caused by the amplifier and the impedance matching component disposed along the path.
[0305] The noise figure and gain of each path may be different for different frequency bands. For example, the first path may have an in-band noise figure and in-band gain for the first frequency band and an out-of-band noise figure and out-of-band gain for the second frequency band. Similarly, the second path may have an in-band noise figure and in-band gain for the second frequency band and an out-of-band noise figure and out-of-band gain for the first frequency band.
[0306] The DRx module C810 may also be characterized by a noise figure and a gain which may be different for different frequency bands. In particular, the noise figure ofthe DRx module C810 is the difference in dB between the SNR at the input of the DRx module C810 and the SNR at the output of the DRx module C810.
[0307] The noise figure and gain of each path (at each frequency band) may depend, at least in part, on the impedance (at each frequency band) of the impedance matching component C834a-C834b. Accordingly, it may be advantageous that the impedance of the impedance matching component C834aC834b is such that the in-band noise figure of each path is minimized and/or the in-band gain of each path is maximized. Thus, in some implementations, each of the impedance matching components C834a-C834b is configured to decrease the in-band noise figure of its respective path and/or increase the in-band gain of its respective path (as compared to a DRx module lacking such impedance matching components C834a-C834b).
[0308] Because the signal propagating along the two paths are combined by the signal combiner C612, out-of-band noise produced or amplified by an amplifier can negatively affect the combined signal. For example, out-ofband noise produced or amplified by the first amplifier C314a may increase the noise figure of the DRx module C810 at the second frequency. Accordingly, it may be advantageous that the impedance of the impedance matching component C834a-C834b is such that the out-of-band noise figure of each path is minimized and/or the out-of-band gain of each path is minimized. Thus, in some implementations, each of the impedance matching component C834a-C834b is -58configured to decrease the out-of-band noise figure of its respective path and/or decrease the out-of-band gain of its respective path (as compared to a DRx module lacking such impedance matching components C834a-C834b).
[0309] The impedance matching components C834a-C834b may be implemented as passive circuits. In particular, the impedance matching components C834a-C834b may be implemented as RLC circuits and include one or more passive components, such as resistors, inductors and/or capacitors. The passive components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the outputs of the diplexer C611 and the inputs of the amplifiers C314a-C314b or may be connected between the outputs of the diplexer C611 and a ground voltage. In some implementations, the impedance matching components C834a-C834b are integrated into the same die as the amplifiers C314a-C314b or on the same package.
[0310] As noted herein, for a particular path, it may be advantageous that the impedance of the impedance matching component C834a-C834b is such that the in-band noise figure is minimized, the in-band gain is maximized, the out-ofband noise figure is minimized, and the out-of-band gain is minimized. Designing an impedance matching component C834a-C834b to achieve all four of these goals with only two degrees of freedom (e.g., the impedance at the first frequency band and the impedance at the second frequency band) or other various constraints (e.g., component number, cost, die space) may be challenging. Accordingly, in some implementations, an in-band metric of the in-band noise figure minus the in-band gain is minimized and an out-of-band metric of the out-ofband noise figure plus the out-of-band gain is minimized. Designing an impedance matching component C834a-C834b to achieve both of these goals with various constraints may still be challenging. Thus, in some implementations, the in-band metric is minimized subject to a set of constraints and the out-of-band metric is minimized subject to the set of constraints and the additional constraint that the inband metric not be increased by more than a threshold amount (e.g., 0.1 dB, 0.2 dB, 0.5 dB or any other value). Accordingly, the impedance matching component is configured to reduce an in-band metric of the in-band noise figure minus the inband gain to within a threshold amount of an in-band metric minimum, e.g., the minimum possible in-band metric subject to any constraints. The impedance matching component is further configured to reduce an out-of-band metric of the -59out-of-band noise figure plus the out-of-band gain to an in-band-constrained outof-band minimum, e.g., the minimum possible out-of-band metric subject to the additional constraint that the in-band metric not be increased by more than a threshold amount. In some implementations, a composite metric of the in-band metric (weighted by an in-band factor) plus the out-of-band metric (weighted by an out-of-band factor) is minimized subject to any constraints.
[0311] Thus, in some implementations, each of the impedance matching components C834a-C834b is configured to decrease the in-band metric (the inband noise figure minus the in-band gain) of its respective path (e.g., by decreasing the in-band noise figure, increasing the in-band gain, or both). In some implementations, each of the impedance matching components C834a-C834b is further configured to decrease the out-of-band metric (the out-of-band noise figure plus the out-of-band gain) of its respective path (e.g., by decreasing the out-ofband noise figure, decreasing the out-of-band gain, or both).
[0312] In some implementations, by decreasing the out-of-band metrics, the impedance matching components C834a-C834b decreases the noise figure of the DRx module C810 at one or more of the frequency bands without substantially increasing the noise figure at other frequency bands.
[0313] Figure 16 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration C900 may include a DRx module C910 with tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d. Each of the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d may be configured to present an impedance controlled by an impedance tuning signal received from a DRx controller C902.
[0314] The diversity receiver configuration C900 includes a DRx module C910 having an input coupled to an antenna 140 and an output coupled to a transmission line 135. The DRx module C910 includes a number of paths between the input and the output of the DRx module C910. In some implementations, the DRx module C910 includes one or more bypass paths (not shown) between the inputs and the output activated by one or more bypass switches controlled by the DRx controller C902.
[0315] The DRx module C910 includes a number of multiplexer paths including an input multiplexer C311 and an output multiplexer 312. The multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths (shown) that include the input multiplexer C311, a bandpass filter C313a-C313d, a tunable impedance matching -60component C934a-C934d, an amplifier C314a-C314d, and the output multiplexer C312. The multiplexer paths may include one or more off-module paths (not shown) as described herein. As also described herein, the amplifiers C314aC314d may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0316] The tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934b may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. The tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the outputs of the input multiplexer C311 and the inputs of the amplifiers C314a-C314d or may be connected between the outputs of the input multiplexer C311 and a ground voltage.
[0317] The DRx controller C902 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller C902 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller C902 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller C902 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers C314a-C314d, controlling the multiplexers C311, C312, or through other mechanisms as described herein.
[0318] In some implementations, the DRx controller C902 is configured to tune the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d. In some implementations, the DRx controller C702 tunes the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d based on the band select signal. For example, the DRx controller C902 may tune the tunable impedance matching components C934aC934d based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller C902 may transmit a impedance tuning signal to the tunable impedance matching component C934a-C934d of each active path to tune the tunable impedance matching component (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters.
[0319] In some implementations, the DRx controller C902 tunes the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d based, at least in part, on -61 the amplifier control signals transmitted to control the gain and/or current of the amplifiers C314a-C314d.
[0320] In some implementations, the DRx controller C902 is configured to tune the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d of each active path such that the in-band noise figure is minimized (or reduced), the in-band gain is maximized (or increased), the out-of-band noise figure for each other active path is minimized (or reduced), and/or the out-of-band gain for each other active path is minimized (or reduced).
[0321] In some implementations, the DRx controller C902 is configured to tune the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d of each active path such that the in-band metric (the in-band noise figure minus the in-band gain) is minimized (or reduced) and the out-of-band metric (the out-of-band noise figure plus the out-of-band gain) for each other active path is minimized (or reduced).
[0322] In some implementations, the DRx controller C902 is configured to tune the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d of each active path such that in-band metric is minimized (or reduced) subject to a set of constraints and the out-of-band metric for each of the other active paths is minimized (or reduced) subject to the set of constraints and the additional constraints that the in-band metric not be increased by more than a threshold amount (e.g., 0.1 dB, 0.2 dB, 0.5 dB or any other value).
[0323] Thus, in some implementations, the DRx controller C902 is configured to tune the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d of each active path such that the tunable impedance matching component reduces an in-band metric of the in-band noise figure minus the in-band gain to within a threshold amount of an in-band metric minimum, e.g., the minimum possible inband metric subject to any constraints. The DRx controller C902 may be further configured to tune the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d of each active path such that the tunable impedance matching component reduce an out-of-band metric of the out-of-band noise figure plus the out-of-band gain to an in-band-constrained out-of-band minimum, e.g., the minimum possible out-of-band metric subject to the additional constraint that the in-band metric not be increased by more than a threshold amount.
[0324] In some implementations, the DRx controller C902 is configured to tune the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d of each active -62 path such that a composite metric of the in-band metric (weighted by an in-band factor) plus the out-of-band metric for each of the other active paths (weighted by an out-of-band factor for each of the other active paths) is minimized (or reduced) subject to any constraints.
[0325] The DRx controller C902 may tune the variable components of the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d to have different values for different sets of frequency bands.
[0326] In some implementations, the tunable impedance matching components C934a-C934d are replaced with fixed impedance matching components that are not tunable or controlled by the DRx controller C902. Each one of the impedance matching components disposed along a corresponding one of the paths corresponding to one frequency band may be configured to reduce (or minimize) the in-band metric for the one frequency band and reduce (or minimize) the out-of-band metric for one or more of the other frequency bands (e.g., each of the other frequency bands).
[0327] For example, the third impedance matching component C934c may be fixed and configured to (1) reduce the in-band metric for the third frequency band, (2) reduce the out-of-band metric for the first frequency band, (3) reduce the out-of-band metric for the second frequency band, and/or (4) reduce the out-ofband metric of the fourth frequency band. The other impedance matching components may be similarly fixed and configured.
[0328] Thus, the DRx module C910 includes a DRx controller C902 configured to selectively one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the DRx module C910 and an output of the DRx module C910. The DRx module C910 further includes plurality of amplifiers C314a-C314d, each one of the plurality of amplifiers C314a-C314d disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The DRx module further includes a plurality of impedance matching components C934a-C934d, each one of the plurality of phase-shift components C934a-C934d disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths.
[0329] In some implementations, the first impedance matching component C934a is disposed along a first path corresponding to a first frequency -63band (e.g., the frequency band of the first bandpass filter C313a) and is configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain for a second frequency band (e.g., the frequency band of the second bandpass filter C313b) corresponding to a second path.
[0330] In some implementations, the first impedance matching component C934a is further configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain for a third frequency band (e.g., the frequency band of the third bandpass filter C313c) corresponding to the third path.
[0331] Similarly, in some implementations, the second impedance matching component C934b disposed along the second path is configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain for the first frequency band.
[0332] Figure 17 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration BC1000 may include a DRx module BC1010 with tunable impedance matching components disposed at the input and output. The DRx module BC1010 may include one or more tunable impedance matching components disposed at one or more of the input and the output of the DRx module BC1010. In particular, the DRx module BC1010 may include an input tunable impedance matching component BC1016 disposed at the input of the DRx module BC1010, an output tunable impedance matching component BC1017 disposed at the output of the DRx module BC1010, or both.
[0333] Multiple frequency bands received on the same diversity antenna 140 are unlikely to all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 may be implemented at the input of the DRx module BC1010 and controlled by the DRx controller BC1002 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). For example, the DRx controller BC1002 may tune the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller BC1002 may transmit an input impedance tuning signal to the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 to tune the tunable input impedance matching component (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters.
-64[0334] The tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the input of the DRx module BC1010 and the input of the first multiplexer BC311 or may be connected between the input of the DRx module BC1010 and a ground voltage.
[0335] Similarly, with only one transmission line 135 (or, at least, few transmission lines) carrying signals of many frequency bands, it is not likely that multiple frequency bands will all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 may be implemented at the output of the DRx module BC1010 and controlled by the DRx controller BC1002 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). For example, the DRx controller BC1002 may tune the tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller BC1002 may transmit an output impedance tuning signal to the tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 to tune the tunable output impedance matching component (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters.
[0336] The tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable output impedance matching component BC1017 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the output of the second multiplexer BC312 and the output of the DRx module BC1010 or may be connected between the output of the second multiplexer BC312 and a ground voltage.
[0337] Figure 18 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration BC1100 may include a DRx module BC1110 with multiple tunable components. The diversity receiver configuration BC1100 includes a DRx module -65BC1110 having an input coupled to an antenna 140 and an output coupled to a transmission line 135. The DRx module BC1110 includes a number of paths between the input and the output of the DRx module BC1110. In some implementations, the DRx module BC1110 includes one or more bypass paths (not shown) between the inputs and the output activated by one or more bypass switches controlled by the DRx controller BC1102.
[0338] The DRx module BC1110 includes a number of multiplexer paths including an input multiplexer BC311 and an output multiplexer BC312. The multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths (shown) that include a tunable input impedance matching component BC1016, the input multiplexer BC311, a bandpass filter BC313a-BC313d, a tunable impedance matching component BC934a-BC934d, an amplifier BC314a-BC314d, a tunable phase-shift component BC724a-BC724d, the output multiplexer BC312, and a tunable output impedance matching component BC1017. The multiplexer paths may include one or more off-module paths (not shown) as described herein. As also described herein, the amplifiers BC314a-BC314d may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0339] The DRx controller BC1102 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller BC1102 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller BC1102 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller BC902 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers BC314a-BC314d, controlling the multiplexers BC311, BC312, or through other mechanisms as described herein. In some implementations, the DRx controller BC1102 is configured to send an amplifier control signal to one or more amplifiers BC314a-BC314d respectively disposed along the one or more activated paths. The amplifier control signal controls the gain (or current) of the amplifier to which it is sent.
[0340] The DRx controller BC1102 is configured to tune one or more of the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016, the tunable impedance matching components BC934a-BC934d, the tunable phase-shift components BC724a-BC724d, and the tunable output impedance matching component BC1017. For example, the DRx controller BC1102 may tune the tunable -66components based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller BC1101 may transmit a tuning signal to the tunable components (of active paths) to tune the tunable components (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters. In some implementations, the DRx controller BC1102 tunes the tunable components based, at least in part, on the amplifier control signals transmitted to control the gain and/or current of the amplifiers BC314a-BC314d. In various implementations, one or more of the tunable components may be replaced by fixed components that are not controlled by the DRx controller BC1102.
[0341] It is to be appreciated that the tuning of one of the tunable components may affect the tuning of other tunable components. Thus, the tuning parameters in a lookup table for a first tunable component may be based on the tuning parameters for a second tunable component. For example, the tuning parameters for the tunable phase-shift components BC724a-BC724d may be based on the tuning parameters for the tunable impedance matching components BC934a-BC934d. As another example, the tuning parameters for the tunable impedance matching components BC934a-BC934d may be based on the tuning parameters for the tunable input impedance matching component BC1016.
[0342] Figure 19 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of a method of processing an RF signal. In some implementations (and as detailed below as an example), the method BC1200 is performed by a controller, such as the DRx controller BC1102 of Figure 18. In some implementations, the method BC1200 is performed by processing logic, including hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the method BC1200 is performed by a processor executing code stored in a non-transitory computerreadable medium (e.g., a memory). Briefly, the method BC1200 includes receiving a band select signal and routing a received RF signal along one or more tuned paths to process the received RF signal.
[0343] The method BC1200 begins, at block BC1210, with the controller receiving a band select signal. The controller may receive the band select signal from another controller or may receive the band select signal from a cellular base station or other external source. The band select signal may indicate one or more frequency bands over which a wireless device is to transmit and receive RF -67 signals. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates a set of frequency bands for carrier aggregation communication.
[0344] At block BC1220, the controller selectively activates one or more paths of a diversity receiver (DRx) module based on the band select signal. As described herein, a DRx module may include a number of paths between one or more inputs (coupled to one or more antennas) and one or more outputs (coupled to one or more transmission lines) of the DRx module. The paths may include bypass paths and multiplexer paths. The multiplexer paths may include on-module paths and off-module paths.
[0345] The controller may selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths by, for example, opening or closing one or more bypass switches, enabling or disabling amplifiers disposed along the paths via an amplifier enable signal, controlling one or more multiplexers via a splitter control signal and/or a combiner control signal, or through other mechanisms. For example, the controller may open or close switches disposed along the paths or set the gain of the amplifiers disposed along the paths to substantially zero.
[0346] At block BC1230, the controller sends a tuning signal to one or more tunable components disposed along the one or more activated paths. The tunable components may include one or more of a tunable impedance matching component disposed at the input of the DRx module, a plurality of tunable impedance matching components respectively disposed along the plurality of paths, a plurality of tunable phase-shift components respectively disposed along the plurality of paths, or a tunable output impedance matching component disposed at the output of the DRx module.
[0347] The controller may tune the tunable components based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller may transmit a tuning signal to the tunable components (of active paths) to tune the tunable components (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters. In some implementations, the controller tunes the tunable components based, at least in part, on amplifier control signals transmitted to control the gain and/or current of one or more amplifiers respectively disposed along the one or more activated paths.
-68[0348] Among others, the foregoing Example C related to impedanceshifting components can be summarized as follows.
[0349] In accordance with some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a receiving system including a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system. The receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a plurality of impedance matching components. Each one of the plurality of impedance matching components is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths.
[0350] In some embodiments, a first impedance matching component of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a first path of the plurality of paths corresponding to a first frequency band can be configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain for a second frequency band corresponding to a second path of the plurality of paths.
[0351] In some embodiments, a second impedance matching component of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along the second path can be configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain for the first frequency band. In some embodiments, the first impedance matching component can be further configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain for a third frequency band corresponding to a third path of the plurality of paths.
[0352] In some embodiments, the first impedance matching component can be further configured to reduce at least one of an in-band noise figure or increase an in-band gain for the first frequency band. In some embodiments, the first impedance matching component can be configured to reduce an in-band metric of the in-band noise figure minus the in-band gain to within a threshold amount of an in-band metric minimum. In some embodiments, the first impedance matching component can be configured to reduce an out-of-band metric of the outof-band noise figure plus the out-of-band gain to an in-band-constrained out-ofband minimum.
-69[0353] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a multiplexer configured to split an input signal received at the input into a plurality of signals at a respective plurality of frequency bands propagated along the plurality of paths. In some embodiments, each one of the plurality of impedance matching components can be disposed between the multiplexer and a respective one of the plurality of amplifiers. In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a signal combiner configured to combine signals propagating along the plurality of paths.
[0354] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of impedance components can be a passive circuit. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of impedance matching components can be an RLC circuit.
[0355] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of impedance matching components can include a tunable impedance matching component configured to present an impedance controlled by an impedance tuning signal received from the controller.
[0356] In some embodiments, a first impedance matching component disposed along a first path of the plurality of paths corresponding to a first frequency band can be further configured to phase-shift the second frequency band of a signal passing through the first impedance matching component such that an initial signal propagated along a second path of the plurality of paths corresponding to the second frequency band and a reflected signal propagated along the first path are at least partially in-phase.
[0357] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) module that includes a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The RF module further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system. The receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a plurality of impedance matching components. Each one of the plurality of impedance matching components is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-70band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths. In some embodiments, the RF module can be a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
[0358] In some embodiments, a first impedance matching component of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a first path of the plurality of paths corresponding to a first frequency band can be configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain for a second frequency band corresponding to a second path of the plurality of paths.
[0359] According to some teachings, the present disclosure relates to a wireless device that includes a first antenna configured to receive a first radiofrequency (RF) signal. The wireless device further includes a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna. The first FEM including a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The first FEM further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system. The receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a plurality of impedance matching components. Each one of the plurality of impedance matching components is disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and is configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths. The wireless device further includes a transceiver configured to receive a processed version of the first RF signal from the output via a transmission line and generate data bits based on the processed version of the first RF signal.
[0360] In some embodiments, the wireless device can further include a second antenna configured to receive a second radio-frequency (RF) signal and a second FEM in communication with the first antenna. The transceiver can be configured to receive a processed version of the second RF signal from an output of the second FEM and generate the data bits based on the processed version of the second RF signal.
-71 [0361] In some embodiments, a first impedance matching component of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a first path of the plurality of paths corresponding to a first frequency band is configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain for a second frequency band corresponding to a second path of the plurality of paths.
Example D: Post-Amplifier Filters [0362] Figure 20 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration D400 may include a diversity receiver (DRx) module D410 having a plurality of bandpass filters D423a-D423d disposed at the outputs of a plurality of amplifiers D314a-D314d. The diversity receiver configuration D400 includes a DRx module D410 having an input coupled to an antenna 140 and an output coupled to a transmission line 135. The DRx module D410 includes a number of paths between the input and the output of the DRx module D410. Each of the paths include an input multiplexer D311, a pre-amplifier bandpass filter D413a-D413d, an amplifier D314a-D314d, a post-amplifier bandpass filter D423a-D423d, and an output multiplexer D312.
[0363] The DRx controller D302 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller D302 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller D302 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller D302 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers D314a-D314d, controlling the multiplexers D311, D312, or through other mechanisms.
[0364] The output of the DRx module D410 is passed, via the transmission line 135, to a diversity RF module D420 which differs from the diversity RF module 320 of Figure 3 in that the diversity RF module D420 of Figure 20 does not include downstream bandpass filters. In some implementations (e.g., as shown in Figure 20), the downstream multiplexer D321 may be implemented as a sample switch.
[0365] Including post-amplifier bandpass filters D423a-D423d within the DRx module D410 rather than the diversity RF module D420 may provide a number of advantages. For example, as described in detail below, such a configuration -72 may improve the noise figure of the DRx module D410, simplify filter design, and/or improve path isolation.
[0366] Each of the paths of the DRx module D410 may be characterized by a noise figure. The noise figure of each path is a representation of the degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by propagation along the path. In particular, the noise figure of each path may be expressed as the difference in decibels (dB) between the SNR at the input of the pre-amplifier bandpass filter D413a-D413d and the SNR at the output of the post-amplifier bandpass filter D423a-D4234b. The noise figure of each path may be different for different frequency bands. For example, the first path may have an in-band noise figure for a first frequency band and an out-of-band noise figure for a second frequency band. Similarly, the second path may have an in-band noise figure for the second frequency band and an out-of-band noise figure for the first frequency band.
[0367] The DRx module D410 may also be characterized by a noise figure which may be different for different frequency bands. In particular, the noise figure of the DRx module D410 is the difference in dB between the SNR at the input of the DRx module D410 and the SNR at the output of the DRx module D410.
[0368] Because the signal propagating along two paths are combined by the output multiplexer D312, out-of-band noise produced or amplified by an amplifier can negatively affect the combined signal. For example, out-of-band noise produced or amplified by the first amplifier D314a may increase the noise figure of the DRx module D410 at the second frequency. Thus, the post-amplifier bandpass filter D423a disposed along the path may reduce this out-of-band noise and decrease the noise figure of the DRx module D410 at the second frequency.
[0369] In some implementations, the pre-amplifier bandpass filters D413a-D413d and post-amplifier bandpass filters D423a-D423d may be designed to be complementary, thereby simplifying filter design and/or achieving similar performance with fewer components at a decreased cost. For example, the postamplifier bandpass filters D423a disposed along the first path may more strongly attenuate frequencies that the pre-amplifier bandpass filter D413a disposed along the first path more weakly attenuates. As an example, the pre-amplifier bandpass filter D413a may attenuate frequencies below the first frequency band more than frequencies above the first frequency band. Complimentarily, the post-amplifier -73bandpass filter D423a may attenuate frequencies above the first frequency band more than frequencies below the first frequency band. Thus, together, the preamplifier bandpass filter D413a and post-amplifier bandpass filter D423a attenuate all out-of-band frequencies using fewer components. In general, one of the bandpass filters disposed along a path can attenuate frequencies below the respective frequency band of the path more than frequencies above the respective frequency band and another of the bandpass filters disposed along path can attenuate frequencies above the respective frequency band more than frequencies below the respective frequency band. The pre-amplifier bandpass filters D413aD413d and post-amplifier bandpass filters D423a-D423d may be complimentary in other ways. For example, the pre-amplifier bandpass filters D413a disposed along the first path may phase-shift a signal by a number of degrees and the postamplifier bandpass filter D423a disposed along the first path may oppositely phaseshift the signal the number of degrees.
[0370] In some implementations, the post-amplifier bandpass filters D423a-D423d may improve isolation of the paths. For example, without postamplifier bandpass filters, a signal propagating along the first path may be filtered to the first frequency by the pre-amplifier bandpass filter D413a and amplified by the amplifier D314a. The signal may leak through the output multiplexer D312 to reverse propagate along the second path and reflect off the amplifier D314b, the pre-amplifier bandpass filter D413b, or other components disposed along the second path. If this reflected signal is out-of-phase with the initial signal, this may result in a weakening of the signal when combined by the output multiplexer D312. In contrast, with post-amplifier bandpass filters, the leaked signal (primarily at the first frequency band) is attenuated by the post-amplifier bandpass filter D423b disposed along the second path and associated with the second frequency band, reducing the effect of any reflected signal.
[0371] Thus, the DRx module D410 includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of a first multiplexer (e.g., the input multiplexer D311) and an output of a second multiplexer (e.g., the output multiplexer D312). The DRx module D410 further includes a plurality of amplifiers D314a-D314d, each one of the plurality of amplifiers D314aD314d disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The DRx module D410 includes a first -74plurality of bandpass filters (e.g., the post-amplifier bandpass filters D423aD423d), each one of the first plurality of bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers D314a-D314d and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band. As shown in Figure 20, in some implementations, the DRx module D410 further includes a second plurality of bandpass filters (e.g., the pre-amplifier bandpass filters D413a-D413d), each one of the second plurality of bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an input of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers D314a-D314d and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band.
[0372] Figure 21 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration D450 may include a diversity RF module D460 with fewer amplifiers than a diversity receiver (DRx) module D410. As mentioned herein, in some implementations, a diversity RF module D460 may not include bandpass filters. Thus, in some implementations, one or more amplifiers D424 of the diversity RF module D460 need not be band-specific. In particular, the diversity RF module D460 may include one or more paths, each including an amplifier D424, that are not mapped 1 -to-1 with the paths of the DRx module D410. S uch a mapping of paths (or corresponding amplifiers) may be stored in the controller 120.
[0373] Accordingly, whereas the DRx module D410 includes a number of paths, each corresponding to a frequency band, the diversity RF module D460 may include one or more paths (from the input of the diversity RF module D460 to the input of the multiplexer D321) that do not correspond to a single frequency band.
[0374] In some implementations (as shown in Figure 21), the diversity RF module D460 includes a single wide-band or tunable amplifier D424 that amplifies the signal received from the transmission line 135 and outputs an amplified signal to a multiplexer D321. The multiplexer D321 includes a plurality of multiplexer outputs, each corresponding to a respective frequency band. In some implementations, the multiplexer D321 may be implemented as a sample switch. In some implementations, the diversity RF module D460 does not include any amplifiers.
-75[0375] In some implementations, the diversity signal is a single-band signal. Thus, in some implementations, the multiplexer D321 is a single-pole I multiple-throw (SPMT) switch that routes the diversity signal to one of the plurality of outputs corresponding to the frequency band of the single-band signal based on a signal received from the controller 120. In some implementations, the diversity signal is a multi-band signal. Thus, in some implementations, the multiplexer D421 is a band splitter that routes the diversity signal to two or more of the plurality of outputs corresponding to the two or more frequency bands of the multi-band signal based on a splitter control signal received from the controller 120. In some implementations, diversity RF module D460 may be combined with the transceiver D330 as a single module.
[0376] In some implementations, the diversity RF module D460 includes multiple amplifiers, each corresponding to a set of frequency bands. The signal from the transmission line 135 may be fed into a band splitter that outputs high frequencies along a first path to a high-frequency amplifier and outputs low frequencies along a second path to a low-frequency amplifier. The output of each of the amplifiers may be provided to the multiplexer D321 which is configured to route the signal to the corresponding inputs of the transceiver D330.
[0377] Figure 22 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration D500 may include a DRx module D510 coupled to one or more offmodule filters D513, D523. The DRx module D510 may include a packaging substrate D501 configured to receive a plurality of components and a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate D501. The DRx module D510 may include one or more signal paths that are routed off the DRx module D510 and made available to a system integrator, designer, or manufacturer to support filters for any desired band.
[0378] The DRx module D510 includes a number of paths between the input and the output of the DRx module D510. The DRx module D510 includes a bypass path between the input and the output activated by a bypass switch D519 controlled by the DRx controller D502. Although Figure 22 illustrates a single bypass switch D519, in some implementations, the bypass switch D519 may include multiple switches (e.g., a first switch disposed physically close to the input and a second switch disposed physically close to the output). As shown in Figure 22, the bypass path does not include a filter or an amplifier.
-76[0379] The DRx module D510 includes a number of multiplexer paths including a first multiplexer D511 and a second multiplexer D512. The multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths that include the first multiplexer D511, a pre-amplifier bandpass filter D413a-D413d implemented on the packaging substrate D501, an amplifier D314a-D314d implemented on the packaging substrate D501, a post-amplifier bandpass filter D423a-D423d implemented on the packaging substrate D501, and the second multiplexer D512. The multiplexer paths include one or more off-module paths that include the first multiplexer D511, a pre-amplifier bandpass filter D513 implemented off the packaging substrate D501, an amplifier D514, a post-amplifier bandpass filter D523 implemented off the packaging substrate D501, and the second multiplexer D512. The amplifier D514 may be a wide-band amplifier implemented on the packaging substrate D501 or may also be implemented off the packaging substrate D501. In some implementations, one or more off-module paths do not include a pre-amplifier bandpass filter D513, but do include a post-amplifier bandpass filter D523. As described herein, the amplifiers D314a-D314d, D514 may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0380] The DRx controller D502 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller D502 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller D502 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller D502 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, opening or closing the bypass switch D519, enabling or disabling the amplifiers D314a-D314d, D514, controlling the multiplexers D511, D512, or through other mechanisms. For example, the DRx controller D502 may open or close switches along the paths (e.g., between the filters D313a-D313d, D513 and the amplifiers D314a-D314d, D514) or by setting the gain ofthe amplifiers D314a-D314d, D514 to substantially zero.
[0381] Figure 23 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration D600 may include a DRx module D610 with tunable matching circuits. In particular, the DRx module D610 may include one or more tunable matching circuits disposed at one or more of the input and the output of the DRx module D610.
-77 [0382] Multiple frequency bands received on the same diversity antenna 140 are unlikely to all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable input matching circuit D616 may be implemented at the input of the DRx module D610 and controlled by the DRx controller D602 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). The DRx controller D602 may tune the tunable input matching circuit D616 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) with tuning parameters. The tunable input matching circuit D616 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable input matching circuit D616 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the input of the DRx module D610 and the input of the first multiplexer D311 or may be connected between the input of the DRx module D610 and a ground voltage.
[0383] Similarly, with only one transmission line 135 (or, at least, few cables) carrying signals of many frequency bands, it is not likely that multiple frequency bands will all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable output matching circuit D617 may be implemented at the output of the DRx module D610 and controlled by the DRx controller D602 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). The DRx controller D602 may tune the tunable output matching circuit D618 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) with tuning parameters. The tunable output matching circuit D617 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable output matching circuit D617 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the output of the DRx module D610 and the output of the second multiplexer D312 or may be connected between the output of the DRx module D610 and a ground voltage.
[0384] Among others, the foregoing Example D related to post-amplifier filters can be summarized as follows.
-78[0385] In accordance with some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a receiving system including a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of a first multiplexer and an output of a second multiplexer. The receiving system can include a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and can be configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system can include a first plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the first plurality of bandpass filters can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and can be configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band.
[0386] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a second plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the second plurality of bandpass filters can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an input of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and can be configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band.
[0387] In some embodiments, one of the first plurality of bandpass filters disposed along a first path and one of the second plurality of bandpass filters disposed along the first path can be complementary. In some embodiments, one of the bandpass filters disposed along the first path can attenuate frequencies below the respective frequency band more than frequencies herein the respective frequency band and another of the bandpass filters disposed along the first path can attenuate frequencies herein the respective frequency band more than frequencies below the respective frequency band.
[0388] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a transmission line coupled to the output of the second multiplexer and coupled to a downstream module including a downstream multiplexer. In some embodiments, the downstream module does not include a downstream bandpass filter. In some embodiments, the downstream multiplexer includes a sample switch. In some embodiments, the downstream module can include one or more downstream amplifiers. In some embodiments, a number of the one or more downstream amplifiers can be less than a number of the plurality of amplifiers.
[0389] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of amplifiers can include a low-noise amplifier.
-79[0390] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include one or more tunable matching circuits disposed at one or more of the input of the first multiplexer and the output of the second multiplexer.
[0391] In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to selectively activate the one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the controller. In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to selectively activate the one or more of the plurality of paths by transmitting a splitter control signal to the first multiplexer and a combiner control signal to the second multiplexer.
[0392] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) module that includes a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The RF module further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of a first multiplexer and an output of a second multiplexer. The receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and can be configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a first plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the first plurality of bandpass filters can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and can be configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band.
[0393] In some embodiments, the RF module can be a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
[0394] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a second plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the second plurality of bandpass filters can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an input of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and can be configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band.
[0395] In some embodiments, the plurality of paths can include an offmodule path including an off-module bandpass filter and one of the plurality of amplifiers.
-80[0396] According to some teachings, the present disclosure relates to a wireless device that includes a first antenna configured to receive a first radiofrequency (RF) signal. The wireless device further includes a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna. The first FEM including a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The first FEM further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of a first multiplexer and an output of a second multiplexer. The receiving system further includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and can be configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a first plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the first plurality of bandpass filters can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and can be configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band. The wireless device further includes a communications module configured to receive a processed version of the first RF signal from the output via a transmission line and generate data bits based on the processed version of the first RF signal.
[0397] In some embodiments, the wireless device further includes a second antenna configured to receive a second radio-frequency (RF) signal and a second FEM in communication with the second antenna. The communications module can be configured to receive a processed version of the second RF signal from an output of the second FEM and generate the data bits based on the processed version of the second RF signal.
[0398] In some embodiments, the receiving system further includes a second plurality of bandpass filters. Each one of the second plurality of bandpass filters can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an input of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and can be configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band.
Example E: Switching Network [0399] Figure 24 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration E500 may include a DRx module E510 with a single-pole/single-81 throw switch E519. The DRx module E510 includes two paths from an input of the DRx module E510, coupled to an antenna 140, and an output of the DRx module E510, coupled to a transmission line 135. The DRx module E510 includes a plurality of amplifiers E514a-E514b, each one of the plurality of amplifiers E514aE514b disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. In some implementations, as shown in Figure 24, at least one of the plurality of amplifiers includes a dual-stage amplifier.
[0400] In the DRx module E510 of Figure 24, the signal splitter and bandpass filters are implemented as a diplexer E511. The diplexer E511 includes an input coupled to the antenna 140, a first output coupled to a phase-shift component E527a disposed along a first path, and a second output coupled to a second phase-shift component E527b disposed along a second path. At the first output, the diplexer E511 outputs a signal received at the input (e.g., from the antenna 140) filtered to a first frequency band. At the second output, the diplexer E511 outputs the signal received at the input filtered to a second frequency band. In some implementations, the diplexer E511 may be replaced with a triplexer, a quadplexer, or any other multiplexer configured to split an input signal received at the input of the DRx module E510 into a plurality of signals at a respective plurality of frequency bands propagated along a plurality of paths.
[0401] In some implementations, an output multiplexer or other signal combiner disposed at the output of a DRx module, such as the second multiplexer 312 of Figure 3, may degrade the performance of the DRx module when receiving a single-band signal. For example, the output multiplexer may attenuate or introduce noise to the single-band signal. In some implementations, when multiple amplifiers, such as the amplifiers 314a-314d of Figure 3, are enabled at the same time to support a multi-band signal, each amplifier may each introduce not only inband noise, but out-of-band noise for each of the other multiple bands.
[0402] The DRx module E510 of Figure 24 addresses some of these challenges. The DRx module E510 includes a single-pole/single-throw (SPST) switch E519 coupling the first path to the second path. To operate in a single-band mode for the first frequency band, the switch E519 is placed in an open position, the first amplifier E514a is enabled, and the second amplifier E514b is disabled. Thus, the single-band signal at the first frequency band propagates along the first -82 path from the antenna 140 to the transmission line 135 without switching loss. Similarly, to operate in a single-band mode for the second frequency band, the switch E519 is placed in an open position, the first amplifier E514a is disabled, and the second amplifier E514b is enabled. Thus, the single-band signal at the second frequency band propagates along the second path from the antenna 140 to the transmission line 135 without switching loss.
[0403] To operate in a multi-band mode for the first frequency band and the second frequency band, the switch E519 is placed in a closed position, the first amplifier E514a is enabled, and the second amplifier E514b is disabled. Thus, the first frequency band portion of the multi-band signal propagates along the first path through a first phase-shift component E527a, a first impedance matching component E526a, and the first amplifier E514a. The first frequency band portion is prevented from traversing the switch E519 and reverse propagating along the second path by the second phase-shift component E527b. In particular, the second phase-shift component E527a is configured to phase-shift the first frequency band portion of a signal passing through the second phase-shift component E527b so as to maximize (or at least increase) the impedance at the first frequency band.
[0404] The second frequency band portion of the multi-band signal propagates along the second path through a second phase-shift component E527b, traverses the switch E519, and propagates along the first path through the first impedance matching component E526a and the first amplifier E314a. The second frequency band portion is prevented from reverse propagating along the first path by the first phase-shift component E527a. In particular, the first phaseshift component E527a is configured to phase-shift the second frequency band portion of a signal passing through the first phase-shift component E527a so as to maximize (or at least increase) the impedance at the second frequency band.
[0405] Each of the paths may be characterized by a noise figure and a gain. The noise figure of each path is a representation of the degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by the amplifier and impedance matching component E526a-E526b disposed along the path. In particular, the noise figure of each path is the difference in decibels (dB) between the SNR at the input of the impedance matching component E526a-E526b and the SNR at the output of the amplifier E314a-E314b. Thus, the noise figure is a measure of the difference -83between the noise output of the amplifier to the noise output of an “ideal” amplifier (that does not produce noise) with the same gain.
[0406] The noise figure of each path may be different for different frequency bands. For example, the first path may have a first noise figure for the first frequency band and a second noise figure for the second frequency band. The noise figure and gain of each path (at each frequency band) may depend, at least in part, on the impedance (at each frequency band) of the impedance matching component E526a-E526b. VAccordingly, it may be advantageous that the impedance of the impedance matching component E526a-E526b is such that the noise figure of each path is minimized (or reduced).
[0407] In some implementations, the second impedance matching component E526b presents an impedance that minimizes (or decreases) the noise figure for the second frequency band. In some implementations, the first impedance matching component E526a minimizes (or decreases) the noise figure for the first frequency band. As the second frequency band portion of a multi-band signal may be partially propagated along the first part, in some implementations, the first impedance matching component E526a minimizes (or decreases) a metric including the noise figure for the first band and the noise figure for the second band.
[0408] The impedance matching components E526a-E526b may be implemented as passive circuits. In particular, the impedance matching components E526a-E526b may be implemented as RLC circuits and include one or more passive components, such as resistors, inductors and/or capacitors. The passive components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the outputs of the phase-shift components E527a-E527b and the inputs of the amplifiers E514a-E415b or may be connected between the outputs of the phase-shift components E527a-E527b and a ground voltage.
[0409] Similarly, the phase-shift components E527a-E527b may be implemented as passive circuits. In particular, the phase-shift components E527aE527b may be implemented as LC circuits and include one or more passive components, such as inductors and/or capacitors. The passive components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the outputs of the diplexer E511 and the inputs of the impedance matching components E526a-E526b or may be connected between the outputs of the diplexer E511 and a ground voltage.
-84[0410] Figure 25 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration E600 may include a DRx module E610 with tunable phase-shift components E627a-E627d. Each of the tunable phase-shift components E627aE627d may be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the tunable phase-shift component an amount controlled by a phase-shift tuning signal received from the controller.
[0411] The diversity receiver configuration E600 includes a DRx module E610 having an input coupled to an antenna 140 and an output coupled to a transmission line 135. The DRx module E610 includes a number of paths between the input and the output of the DRx module E610. Each of the paths includes a multiplexer E311, a bandpass filter E313a-E313d, a tunable phase-shift component E627a-E627d, a switching network E612, a tunable impedance matching component E626a-E626d, and an amplifier E314a-E314d. As described herein, the amplifiers E314a-E314d may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0412] The tunable phase-shift components E627a-E627d may include one or more variable components, such as inductors and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the outputs of the multiplexer E311 and the inputs of the switching network E612 or may be connected between the outputs of the multiplexer and a ground voltage.
[0413] The tunable impedance matching components E626a-E626d may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. The tunable impedance matching components E626a-E626d may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the outputs of the switching network E612 and the inputs of the amplifiers E314a-E314d or may be connected between the outputs of the switching network E612 and a ground voltage.
[0414] The DRx controller E602 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths between the input and the output. In some implementations, the DRx controller E602 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller E602 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller E602 -85may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers E314a-E314d, controlling the multiplexer E311 and/or the switching network E612, or through other mechanisms.
[0415] In some implementations, the DRx controller E602 controls the switching network E612 based on the band select signal. The switching network includes a plurality of SPST switches, each switch coupling two of the plurality of paths. The DRx controller E602 may send a switching signal (or multiple switching signals) to the switching network to open or close the plurality of SPST switches. For example, if the band select signal indicates that an input signal includes a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the DRx controller E602 may close a switch between the first path and the second path. If the band select signal indicates that an input signal includes a second frequency band and a fourth frequency band, the DRx controller E602 may close a switch between the second path and the fourth path. If the band select signal indicates that an input signal includes the first frequency band, the second frequency band, and the fourth frequency band, the DRx controller E602 may close the both of the switches (and/or close the switch between the first path and the second path and a switch between first path and the fourth path). If the band select signal indicates that an input signal includes the second frequency band, the third frequency band, and the fourth frequency, the DRx controller E602 may close a switch between the second path and the third path and a switch between the third path and the fourth path (and/or close the switch between the second path and the third path and a switch between the second path and the fourth path).
[0416] In some implementations, the DRx controller E602 is configured to tune the tunable phase-shift components E627a-E627d. In some implementations, the DRx controller E602 tunes the tunable phase-shift components E627a-E627d based on the band select signal. For example, the DRx controller E602 may tune the tunable phase-shift components E627a-E627d based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller E602 may transmit a phaseshift tuning signal to the tunable phase-shift component E627a-E627d of each active path to tune the tunable phase-shift component (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters.
-86[0417] The DRx controller E602 may be configured to tune the tunable phase-shift components E627a-E627d of each active path so as to maximize (or at least increase) the impedance at frequency bands corresponding to the other active paths. Thus, if the first path and the third path are active, the DRx controller E602 may tune the first phase-shift component E627a so as to maximize (or at least increase) the impedance at the third frequency band, whereas, if the first path and the fourth path are active, the DRx controller E602 may tune the first phaseshift component E627a so as to maximize (or at least increase) the impedance at the fourth frequency band.
[0418] In some implementations, the DRx controller E602 is configured to tune the tunable impedance matching components E626a-E626d. In some implementations, the DRx controller E602 tunes the tunable impedance matching components E626a-E626d based on the band select signal. For example, the DRx controller E602 may tune the tunable impedance matching components E626aE626d based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller E602 may transmit an impedance tuning signal to the tunable impedance matching component E626a-E626d of the path having an active amplifier according to the tuning parameters.
[0419] In some implementations, the DRx controller E602 tunes the tunable impedance matching components E626a-E626d of the path having an active amplifier to minimize (or reduce) a metric including the noise figure for the corresponding frequency band of each active path.
[0420] In various implementations, one or more of the tunable phaseshift components E627a-E627d or tunable impedance matching components E626a-E626d may be replaced by fixed components that are not controlled by the DRx controller E602.
[0421] Figure 26 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of a method E700 of processing an RF signal. In some implementations (and as detailed below as an example), the method E700 is performed by a controller, such as the DRx controller E602 of Figure 25. In some implementations, the method E700 is performed by processing logic, including hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the method E700 is performed -87 by a processor executing code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a memory). Briefly, the method E700 includes receiving a band select signal and routing a received RF signal along one or more paths to process the received RF signal.
[0422] The method E700 begins, at block E710, with the controller receiving a band select signal. The controller may receive the band select signal from another controller or may receive the band select signal from a cellular base station or other external source. The band select signal may indicate one or more frequency bands over which a wireless device is to transmit and receive RF signals. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates a set of frequency bands for carrier aggregation communication.
[0423] At block E720, the controller sends an amplifier enable signal to an amplifier of a DRx module based on the band select signal. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates a single frequency band and the controller sends an amplifier enable signal to enable an amplifier disposed along a path corresponding to the single frequency band. The controller may send an amplifier enable signal to disable the other amplifiers disposed along other paths corresponding to other frequency bands. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates multiple frequency bands and the controller sends an amplifier enable signal to enable an amplifier disposed along one of the paths corresponding to one of the multiple frequency bands. The controller may send an amplifier enable signal to disable the other amplifiers. In some implementations, the controller enables the amplifier disposed along the path corresponding to the lowest frequency band.
[0424] At block E730, the controller sends a switching signal to control a switching network of single-pole/single-throw (SPST) switches based on the band select signal. The switching network includes a plurality of SPST switches coupling the plurality of paths corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates a single frequency band and the controller sends a switching signal that opens all of the SPST switches. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates multiple frequency bands and the controller sends a switching signal to close one or more of the SPST switches so as to couple the paths corresponding to the multiple frequency bands.
-88[0425] At block E740, the controller sends a tuning signal to one or more tunable components based on the band select signal. The tunable components may include one or more of a plurality of tunable phase-shift components or a plurality of tunable impedance matching components. The controller may tune the tunable components based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) indicated by the band select signal with tuning parameters. Accordingly, in response to a band select signal, the DRx controller may transmit a tuning signal to the tunable components (of active paths) to tune the tunable components (or the variable components thereof) according to the tuning parameters.
[0426] Among others, the foregoing Example E related to switching network can be summarized as follows.
[0427] In accordance with some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a receiving system comprising a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receive system further includes a switching network including one or more single-pole/single-throw switches. Each one of the switches couples two of the plurality of paths. The receiving system further includes a controller configured to receive a band select signal and, based on the band select signal, enable one of the plurality of amplifiers and control the switching network.
[0428] In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to, in response to receiving a band select signal indicating a single frequency band, enable one of the plurality of amplifiers corresponding the single frequency band and control the switching network to open all of the one or more switches.
[0429] In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to, in response to receiving a band select signal indicating multiple frequency bands, enable one of the plurality of amplifiers corresponding to one of the multiple frequency bands and control the switching network to close at least one of the one or more switches between paths corresponding to the multiple frequency bands.
[0430] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a plurality of phase-shift components. Each one of the plurality of phase-shift components can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths -89and can be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component to increase the impedance for the frequency band corresponding to another one of the plurality of paths. In some embodiments, each one of the plurality of phase-shift components can be disposed between the switching network and the input. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of phaseshift components can include a tunable phase-shift component configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the tunable phase-shift component an amount controlled by a phase-shift tuning signal received from the controller. In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to generate the phase-shift tuning signal based on the band select signal.
[0431] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a plurality of impedance matching components. Each one of the plurality of impedance matching components can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and can be configured to decrease a noise figure of the one of the plurality of paths. In some embodiments, each one of the plurality of impedance matching components can be disposed between the switching network and a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of impedance matching components can include a tunable impedance matching component configured to present an impedance controlled by a impedance tuning signal received from the controller. In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to generate the impedance tuning signal based on the band select signal.
[0432] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a multiplexer configured to split an input signal received at the input into a plurality of signals at a respective plurality of frequency bands propagated along the plurality of paths.
[0433] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of amplifiers can include a dual-stage amplifier.
[0434] In some embodiment, the controller can be configured to enable one of the plurality of amplifiers and to disable the others of the plurality of amplifiers.
[0435] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) module that includes a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The RF module further includes a receiving -90system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output ofthe receiving system and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a switching network including one or more single-pole/single-throw switches. Each one of the switches couples two of the plurality of paths. The receiving system further includes a controller configured to receive a band select signal and, based on the band select signal, enable one of the plurality of amplifiers and control the switching network.
[0436] In some embodiments, the RF module can be a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
[0437] In some embodiments, the receiving system can further include a plurality of phase-shift components. Each one of the plurality of phase-shift components can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and can be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component to increase the impedance for the frequency band corresponding to another one of the plurality of paths.
[0438] According to some teachings, the present disclosure relates to a wireless device that includes a first antenna configured to receive a first radiofrequency (RF) signal. The wireless device further includes a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna. The first FEM including a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The first FEM further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system and is configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes a switching network including one or more single-pole/single-throw switches. Each one of the switches couples two of the plurality of paths. The receiving system further includes a controller configured to receive a band select signal and, based on the band select signal, enable one of the plurality of amplifiers and control the switching network. The wireless device further includes a transceiver configured to receive a processed version of the first RF signal from
-91 the output via a cable and generate data bits based on the processed version of the first RF signal.
[0439] In some implementations, the wireless device can further include a second antenna configured to receive a second radio-frequency (RF) signal and a second FEM in communication with the first antenna. The transceiver can be configured to receive a processed version of the second RF signal from an output of the second FEM and generate the data bits based on the processed version of the second RF signal.
[0440] In some implementations, the receiving system can further include a plurality of phase-shift components. Each one of the plurality of phaseshift components can be disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and can be configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phaseshift component to increase the impedance for the frequency band corresponding to another one of the plurality of paths.
Example F: Flexible Band Routing [0441] Figure 27 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration F600 may include a DRx module F610 with tunable matching circuits. In particular, the DRx module F610 may include one or more tunable matching circuits disposed at one or more of the input and the output of the DRx module F610.
[0442] Multiple frequency bands received on the same diversity antenna 140 are unlikely to all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable input matching circuit F616 may be implemented at the input of the DRx module F610 and controlled by the DRx controller F602 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). The DRx controller F602 may tune the tunable input matching circuit F616 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) with tuning parameters. The tunable input matching circuit F616 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable input matching circuit F616 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the input of the DRx module F610 and the input of the first -92 multiplexer F311 or may be connected between the input of the DRx module F610 and a ground voltage.
[0443] Similarly, with only one transmission line 135 (or, at least, few cables) carrying signals of many frequency bands, it is not likely that multiple frequency bands will all see an ideal impedance match. To match each frequency band using a compact matching circuit, a tunable output matching circuit F617 may be implemented at the output of the DRx module F610 and controlled by the DRx controller F602 (e.g., based on a band select signal from a communications controller). The DRx controller F602 may tune the tunable output matching circuit F618 based on a lookup table that associates frequency bands (or sets of frequency bands) with tuning parameters. The tunable output matching circuit F617 may be a tunable T-circuit, a tunable Pl-circuit, or any other tunable matching circuit. In particular, the tunable output matching circuit F617 may include one or more variable components, such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors. The variable components may be connected in parallel and/or in series and may be connected between the output of the DRx module F610 and the output of the second multiplexer F312 or may be connected between the output of the DRx module F610 and a ground voltage.
[0444] Figure 28 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration F700 may include multiple transmission lines. Although Figure 28 illustrates an embodiment with two transmission lines F735a-F735b and one antenna 140, aspects described herein may be implemented in embodiments with more than two transmission lines and/or (as described further below) two or more antennas.
[0445] The diversity receiver configuration F700 includes a DRx module F710 coupled to an antenna 140. The DRx module F710 includes a number of paths between an input of the DRx module F710 (e.g, the input coupled to the antenna 140a) and an output of the DRx module (e.g., the first output coupled to the first transmission line F735a or the second output coupled to the second transmission line F735b). In some implementations, the DRx module F710 includes one or more bypass paths (not shown) between the input and the outputs activated by one or more bypass switches controlled by the DRx controller F702.
[0446] The DRx module F710 includes a number of multiplexer paths including an input multiplexer F311 and an output multiplexer F712. The -93multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths (shown) that include the input multiplexer F311, a bandpass filter F313a-F313d, an amplifier F314a-F314d, and the output multiplexer F712. The multiplexer paths may include one or more off-module paths (not shown) as described herein. As also described herein, the amplifiers F314a-F314d may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0447] The DRx controller F702 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths. In some implementations, the DRx controller F702 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller F702 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller F702 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers F314a-F314d, controlling the multiplexers F311, F712, or through other mechanisms as described herein.
[0448] To better utilize the multiple transmission lines F735a-F735b, the DRx controller F702 can, based on the band select signal, control the output multiplexer F712 to route each of the signals propagating along the paths to a selected one of the transmission lines F735a-F735b (or output multiplexer outputs corresponding to the transmission lines F735a-F735b).
[0449] In some implementations, if the band select signal indicates that the received signal includes a single frequency band, the DRx controller F702 can control the output multiplexer F712 to route the signal propagating on the corresponding path to a default transmission line. The default transmission line can be the same for all paths (and corresponding frequency bands), such as when one of the transmission lines F735a-F735b is shorter, introduces less noise, or is otherwise preferred. The default transmission line can be different for different paths. For example, paths corresponding to low frequency bands can be routed to the first transmission line F735b and paths corresponding to high frequency bands can be routed to the second transmission line F735b.
[0450] Thus, in response to a band select signal indicating that one or more RF signals received at the input multiplexer F311 includes a single frequency band, the DRx controller F702 can be configured to control the second multiplexer
F712 to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the single frequency band to a default output multiplexer output.
-94As noted herein, the default output multiplexer output can be different for different single frequency bands or the same for all frequency bands.
[0451] In some implementations, if the band select signal indicates that the received signal includes two frequency bands, the DRx controller F702 can control the output multiplexer F712 to route a signal propagating along a path corresponding to the first frequency band to the first transmission line F735a and route the signal propagating along a path corresponding to the second frequency band to the second transmission line F735b. Thus, even if both of the two frequency bands are high frequency bands (or low frequency bands), the signals propagating along the corresponding paths may be routed to different transmission lines. Similarly, in the case of three or more transmission lines, each of three or more frequency bands can be routed to different transmission lines.
[0452] Thus, in response to a band select signal indicating that one or more RF signals received at the input multiplexer F311 includes a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the DRX controller F702 can be configured to control the second multiplexer F712 to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the first frequency band to a first output multiplexer output and to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the second frequency band to a second output multiplexer output. As noted herein, both the first frequency band and the second frequency band can be high frequency band or low frequency bands.
[0453] In some implementations, if the band select signal indicates that the received signal includes three frequency bands, the DRx controller F702 can control the output multiplexer F712 to combine two of the signals propagating along two paths corresponding to two of the frequency bands and route the combined signal along one of the transmission lines and to route the signal propagating along the path corresponding to the third frequency band along the other of the transmission lines. In some implementations, the DRx controller F702 controls the output multiplexer F712 to combine the two of the three frequency bands that are closest together (e.g., both low frequency bands or both high frequency bands). Such implementations may simplify impedance matching at the output of the DRx module F710 or the input of the downstream module. In some implementations, the DRx controller F702 controls the output multiplexer F712 to combine the two
-95of the three frequency bands that are furthest apart. Such implementations may simplify separation of the frequency bands at the downstream module.
[0454] Thus, in response to a band select signal indicating that one or more RF signals received at the input multiplexer F311 includes a first frequency band a second frequency band, and a third frequency band, the DRx controller F702 can be configured to control the second multiplexer F712 (a) to combine an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the first frequency band and an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the second frequency band to generate a combined signal, (b) to route the combined signal to a first output multiplexer output, and (c) to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the third frequency band to a second output multiplexer output. As noted herein, the first frequency band and the second frequency band may be those of the three frequency bands that are closest together or furthest apart.
[0455] In some implementations, if the band select signal indicates that the received signal includes four frequency bands, the DRx controller F702 can control the output multiplexer F712 to combine two of the signals propagating along two paths corresponding to two of the frequency bands and route the first combined signal along one of the transmission lines and route two of the signals propagating along two paths corresponding to the other two of the frequency bands and route the second combined signal along the other of the transmission lines. In some implementations, the DRx controller F702 can control the output multiplexer F712 to combine three of the signals propagating along three paths corresponding to three of the frequency bands and route the combined signal along one of the transmission lines and route the signal propagating along the path corresponding to the fourth frequency band along the other of the transmission lines. Such an implementation may be beneficial when three of the frequency bands are close together (e.g., all low frequency bands) and the fourth frequency band is far apart (e.g., a high frequency band).
[0456] In general, if the band select signal indicates that the received signal includes more frequency bands than there are transmission lines, the DRx controller F702 can control the output multiplexer F712 to combine two or more of the signals propagating along two or more paths corresponding to two or more of the frequency bands and route the combined signal to one of the transmission -96lines. The DRx controller F702 can control the output multiplexer F712 to combine frequency bands that are closest together or furthest apart.
[0457] Thus, a signal propagating along one of the paths may be routed by the output multiplexer F712 to a different one of the transmission lines depending on other signals that are propagating along other path. As an example, a signal propagating along a third path passing through the third amplifier F314c may be routed to the second transmission line F735b when the third path is the only active path and routed to the first transmission line F735a when the fourth path (passing through the fourth amplifier F314d) is also active (and routed to the second transmission line 735b).
[0458] Thus, the DRx controller F702 can be configured to, in response to a first band select signal, control the output multiplexer F712 to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input to a first output multiplexer output and, in response to a second band select signal, control the output multiplexer to route an amplified RF signal received at the output multiplexer input to a second output multiplexer output.
[0459] Thus, the DRx module F710 constitutes a receiving system including a plurality of amplifiers F314a-F314d, each one of the plurality of amplifiers F314a-F314d disposed along a corresponding one of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system (e.g., the input of the DRx module F710 coupled to the antenna 140 and/or additional inputs of the DRx module F710 coupled to other antennas) and an output of the receiving system (e.g., the outputs of the DRx module F710 coupled to the transmission lines F735a-F735b and/or additional outputs of the DRx module F710 coupled to other transmission lines). Each of the amplifiers F314a-F314d are configured to amplify an RF signal received at the amplifier F314a-F314d.
[0460] The DRx module F710 further includes an input multiplexer F311 configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths. In some implementations, the DRx module F710 receives a single RF signal at a single input multiplexer input and is controlled by the DRx controller F702 to output the single RF signal to one or more of the input multiplexer outputs corresponding to each frequency band indicated in a band select signal.
-97 In some implementations, the DRx module F710 receives multiple RF signals (each corresponding to a different set of one or more frequency bands indicated in a band select signal) at multiple input multiplexer inputs and is controlled by the DRx controller F702 to output each of the multiple RF signals to one or more of the input multiplexer outputs corresponding to the set of one or more frequency bands of the respective RF signal. Thus, in general, the input multiplexer F311 receives one or more RF signals, each corresponding to one or more frequency bands, and is controlled by the DRx controller to route each RF signal along the one or more paths corresponding to the one or more frequency bands of the RF signal.
[0461] The DRx module F710 further includes an output multiplexer F712 configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs (each respectively coupled to one of a plurality of output transmission lines F735a-F735b).
[0462] The DRx module F710 further includes a DRx controller F702 configured to receive a band select signal and, based on the band select signal, control the input multiplexer and the output multiplexer. As described herein, the DRx controller F702 controls the input multiplexer to route each of one or more RF signals corresponding to one or more frequency bands along the one or more paths corresponding to the one or more frequency bands of the RF signal. As also described herein, the DRx controller F702 controls the output multiplexer to route each of one or more amplified RF signals propagating along one or more paths to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs in order to better utilize the transmission lines F735a-F735b coupled to the DRx module F710.
[0463] In some implementations, if the band select signal indicates that the received signal includes multiple frequency bands, the DRx controller F702 can control the output multiplexer F712 to combine all of the signals propagating along paths corresponding to multiple frequency bands and route the combined signal to one of the transmission lines. Such implementations may be used when other transmission lines are unusable (e.g., damaged or not present in a particular wireless communication configuration) and be implemented in response to a controller signal received by the DRx controller F702 (e.g, from a communications controller) that one of the transmission lines is unusable.
-98[0464] Thus, in response to a band select signal indicating that one or more RF signals received at the input multiplexer F311 includes multiple frequency bands and in response to a controller signal indicating that a transmission line is unusable, the DRx controller F702 can be configured to control the output multiplexer F712 to combine multiple amplified RF signals received at multiple output multiplexer inputs corresponding to the multiple frequency bands to generate a combined signal and to route the combined signal to a output multiplexer output.
[0465] Figure 29 shows an embodiment of an output multiplexer F812 that may be used for dynamic routing. The output multiplexer F812 includes a plurality of inputs F801a-F801d that may be respectively coupled to amplifiers disposed along a plurality of paths corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands. The output multiplexer F812 includes a plurality of outputs F802a-F802b that may be respectively coupled to a plurality of transmission lines. Each of the outputs F802a-F802b is coupled to an output of a respective combiner F820a-F820b. Each of the inputs F801 a-F801 d is coupled, via one of a set of single-pole I single-throw (SPST) switches F830 to an input of each of the combiners F820a-F820b. The switches F830 are controllable via a control bus F803 that may be coupled to a DRx controller.
[0466] Figure 30 shows another embodiment of an output multiplexer F912 that may be used for dynamic routing. The output multiplexer F912 includes a plurality of inputs F901a-F901d that may be respectively coupled to amplifiers disposed along a plurality of paths corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands. The output multiplexer F912 includes a plurality of outputs F902a-F902b that may be respectively coupled to a plurality of transmission lines. Each of the outputs F902a-F902b is coupled to an output of a respective combiner F920a-F920b. The first input F901a is coupled to an input of the first combiner F920a and the fourth input F901d is coupled to an input of the second combiner F920d. The second input F901b is coupled to a first single-pole I multiple-throw (SPMT) switch F930a having outputs coupled to each of the combiners F920a-F920b. Similarly, the third input F901c is coupled to second SPMT switch F930b having outputs coupled to each of the combiners F920a-F920b. The switches F930a-F930b are controllable via a control bus F903 that may be coupled to a DRx controller.
-99[0467] Unlike the output multiplexer 812 of Figure 8, the output multiplexer 912 of Figure 9 does not allow each input 901a-901d to be routed to any of the outputs 902a-902b. Rather, the first input 901a is fixedly routed to the first output 902a and the fourth input 902d is fixedly routed to the second output 902b. Such an implementation may reduce the size of the control bus 903 or simplify the control logic of the DRx controller attached to the control bus 903.
[0468] Both the output multiplexer F812 of Figure 29 and the output multiplexer F912 of Figure 30 include a first combiner F820a, F920a coupled to a first output multiplexer output F802a, F902a and a second combiner F820b, F920b coupled to a second output multiplexer output F802b, F902b. Further, both the output multiplexer F812 of Figure 29 and the output multiplexer F912 of Figure 30 include an output multiplexer input F801 b, F901 b coupled to both the first combiner F820a, F920a and the second combiner F820b, F920b via one or more switches (controlled by the DRx controller). In the output multiplexer F812 of Figure 29, the output multiplexer input F801b is coupled to the first combiner F820a and the second combiner F820b via two SPST switches. In the output multiplexer F912 of Figure 30, the output multiplexer input F901 b is coupled to the first combiner F920a and the second combiner F820b via a single SPMT switch.
[0469] Figure 31 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration F1000 may include multiple antennas F1040a-F1040b. Although Figure 31 illustrates an embodiment with one transmission line 135 and two antennas F1040a-F 1040b, aspects described herein may be implemented in embodiments with two or more transmission lines and/or more than two antennas.
[0470] The diversity receiver configuration F1000 includes a DRx module F1010 coupled to a first antenna F1040a and a second antenna F1040b. The DRx module F1010 includes a number of paths between an input of the DRx module F1010 (e.g, the first input coupled to the first antenna F1040a or the second input coupled to the second antenna F1040b) and an output of the DRx module (e.g., the output coupled to the transmission line 135). In some implementations, the DRx module F1010 includes one or more bypass paths (not shown) between the inputs and the output activated by one or more bypass switches controlled by the DRx controller F1002.
[0471] The DRx module F1010 includes a number of multiplexer paths including an input multiplexer F1011 and an output multiplexer F312. The -100multiplexer paths include a number of on-module paths (shown) that include the input multiplexer F1011, a bandpass filter F313a-F313d, an amplifier F314aF314d, and the output multiplexer F312. The multiplexer paths may include one or more off-module paths (not shown) as described herein. As also described herein, the amplifiers F314a-F314d may be variable-gain amplifiers and/or variable-current amplifiers.
[0472] The DRx controller F1002 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths. In some implementations, the DRx controller F1002 is configured to selectively activate one or more of the plurality of paths based on a band select signal received by the DRx controller F1002 (e.g., from a communications controller). The DRx controller F1002 may selectively activate the paths by, for example, enabling or disabling the amplifiers F314a-F314d, controlling the multiplexers F1011, F312, or through other mechanisms as described herein.
[0473] In various diversity receiver configurations, the antennas F1040aF1040b may support various frequency bands. For example, in one implementation, a diversity receiver configuration could include a first antenna F 1040a that supports low frequency bands and mid frequency bands and a second antenna F1040b that supports high frequency bands. Another diversity receiver configuration could include a first antenna F1040a that supports low frequency bands and a second antenna F1040b that supports mid frequency bands and high frequency bands. Yet another diversity receiver configuration could include only a first wideband antenna F1040a that supports low frequency bands, mid frequency bands, and high frequency bands and may lack a second antenna F1040b.
[0474] The same DRx module F1010 can be used for all of these diversity receiver configurations through control of the input multiplexer F1011 by the DRx controller F1002 based on an antenna configuration signal (e.g., received from a communications controller or stored in and read from a permanent memory or other hardwired configuration).
[0475] In some implementations, when the antenna configuration signal indicates that the diversity receiver configuration F1000 includes only a single antenna F1040a, the DRx controller F1002 can control the input multiplexer to route the signal received at the single antenna F1040a to all of the paths (or all of the active paths as indicated by a band select signal).
-101 [0476] Thus, in response to an antenna configuration signal indicating that that the diversity receiver configuration includes a single antenna, the DRx controller F1002 can be configured to control the input multiplexer to route an RF signal received at a single input multiplexer input to all of the plurality of input multiplexer outputs or to all of the plurality of input multiplexer outputs associated with the one or more frequency bands of the RF signal.
[0477] In some implementations, when the antenna configuration signal indicates that the diversity receiver configuration F1000 includes a first antenna F1040a that supports low frequency bands and a second antenna F1040b that supports mid frequency bands and high frequency bands, the DRx controller F1002 can control the input multiplexer F1011 to route the signal received at the first antenna F1040a to the first path (including the first amplifier F314a) and to route the signal received at the second antenna F1040b to the second path (including the second amplifier F314b), the third path (including the third amplifier F314c), and the fourth path (including the fourth amplifier F314d), or at least those of the paths that are active as indicated by a band select signal.
[0478] In some implementations, when the antenna configuration signal indicates that the diversity receiver configuration F1000 includes a first antenna F 1040a that supports low frequency bands and lower mid frequency bands and a second antenna F1040b that supports higher mid frequency bands and high frequency bands, the DRx controller F1002 can control the input multiplexer F1011 to route the signal received at the first antenna F1040a to the first path and the second path and to route the signal received at the second antenna F1040b to the third path and the fourth path, or at least those of the paths that are active as indicated by a band select signal.
[0479] In some implementations, when the antenna configuration signal indicates that the diversity receiver configuration F1000 includes a first antenna F 1040a that supports low frequency bands and mid frequency bands and a second antenna F1040b that supports high frequency bands, the DRx controller F1002 can control the input multiplexer F1011 to route the signal received at the first antenna F1040a to the first path, the second path, and the third path, and to route the signal received at the second antenna F1040b to the fourth path, or at least those of the paths that are active as indicated by a band select signal.
-102[0480] Thus, the signal propagating along a particular path (e.g., the third path) may be routed by the input multiplexer F1011 from different ones of the input multiplexer inputs (coupled to one of the antennas F1040a-F 1040b) depending on the diversity receiver configuration (as indicated by the antenna configuration signal).
[0481] Thus, the DRx controller F1002 can be configured to, in response to a first antenna configuration signal, control the input multiplexer F1011 to route an RF signal received at a first input multiplexer input to an input multiplexer output and, in response to a second antenna configuration signal, control the input multiplexer F1011 to route an RF signal received at a second input multiplexer input to the input multiplexer output.
[0482] In general, the DRx controller F1002 can be configured to control the input multiplexer F1011 so as to route received signals, each including one or more frequency bands, along the paths corresponding to the one or more frequency bands. In some implementations, the input multiplexer F1011 can further act as a band splitter that outputs each of one or more frequency bands along the paths corresponding to the one or more frequency bands. As an example, the input multiplexer F1011 and bandpass filters F313a-F313d constitute such a band splitter. In other implementations (as described further below), the bandpass filters F313a-F313d and input multiplexer F1011 can be integrated in other ways to form a band splitter.
[0483] Figure 32 shows an embodiment of an input multiplexer F1111 that may be used for dynamic routing. The input multiplexer F1111 includes a plurality of inputs F1101 a-F1101b that may be respectively coupled to one or more antennas. The input multiplexer F1111 includes a plurality of outputs F1102aF1102d that may be respectively coupled to the amplifiers disposed along a plurality of paths corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands (e.g., via bandpass filters). Each of the inputs F1101 a-F1101b is coupled, via one of a set of single-pole I single-throw (SPST) switches F1130, to each of the outputs F1102a-F1102d. The switches F1130 are controllable via a control bus F1103 that may be coupled to a DRx controller.
[0484] Figure 33 shows another embodiment of an input multiplexer F1211 that may be used for dynamic routing. The input multiplexer F1211 includes a plurality of inputs F1201a-F1201b that may be respectively coupled to one or -103more antennas. The input multiplexer F1211 includes a plurality of outputs F1202a-F1202d that may be respectively coupled to the amplifiers disposed along a plurality of paths corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands (e.g., via bandpass filters). The first input F1201a is coupled to the first output F1202a, a first multiple-pole I single-throw (MPST) switch F1230a, and a second MPST switch F1230b. The second input F1201b is coupled to the first MPST switch F1230a, the second MPST swtich F1230b, and the fourth output F1202d. The switches F1230a-F1230b are controllable via a control bus F1203 that may be coupled to a DRx controller.
[0485] Unlike the input multiplexer F1111 of Figure 32, the output multiplexer F1211 of Figure 33 does not allow each input F1201a-F1201b to be routed to any of the outputs F1202a-F1202d. Rather, the first input F1201a is fixedly routed to the first output F1202a and the second input F1201b is fixedly routed to the fourth output F1202d. Such an implementation may reduce the size of the control bus F903 or simplify the control logic of the DRx controller attached to the control bus F903. Nevertheless, based on the antenna configuration signal, the DRx controller can control the switches F1230a-F 1230b to route the signal from either of the inputs F1201a-F1201b to the second output F1202b and/or the third output F 1202c.
[0486] Both the input multiplexer F1111 of Figure 32 and the input multiplexer F1211 of Figure 33 operate as multi-pole I multi-throw (MPMT) switches. In some implementations, the input multiplexers F1111, F1211 include filters or match components to reduce insertion loss. Such filters or match components can be co-designed with other components of a DRx module (e.g., bandpass filters F313a-F313d of Figure 31). For example, the input multiplexer and bandpass filters can be integrated as a single part to reduce the number of total components. As another example, the input multiplexer can be designed for a particular output impedance (e.g., one that is not 50 Ohms) and the bandpass filters can be designed to match this impedance.
[0487] Figure 34-39 show various implementations of a DRx module with dynamic input routing and/or output routing. Figure 34 shows that, in some embodiments, a DRx module F1310 can include a single input and two outputs. The DRx module F1310 includes, as a band splitter, a high-low diplexer F1311 that splits an input signal into low frequency bands and mid and high frequency bands, -104a two-pole I eight-throw switch F1312 (implemented as a first single-pole I threethrow switch and a second single-pole I five-throw switch), and various filters and band-split diplexers. As described herein, the high-low diplexer F1311 and the various filters and band-split diplexers can be co-designed.
[0488] Figure 35 shows that, in some embodiments, a DRx module F1320 can include a single input and a single output. The DRx module F1320 includes, as a band splitter, a high-low diplexer F1321 that splits an input signal into low frequency bands and mid and high frequency bands, a two-pole I eightthrow switch F1322 (implemented as a first single-pole I three-throw switch and a second single-pole I five-throw switch), and various filters and band-split diplexers. As described herein, the high-low diplexer F1321 and the various filters and bandsplit diplexers can be co-designed. The DRx module F1320 includes, as an output multiplexer, a high-low combiner F1323 that filters and combines the signals received at two inputs and outputs the combined signal.
[0489] Figure 36 shows that, in some embodiments, a DRx module F1330 can include two inputs and three outputs. The DRx module F1330 includes, as a band splitter, a high-low diplexer F1331 that splits an input signal into low frequency bands and mid and high frequency bands, a three-pole I eight-throw switch F1332 (implemented as a first single-pole I three-throw switch and a second single-pole I two-throw switch and a third single-pole I three-throw switch), and various filters and band-split diplexers. As described herein, the high-low diplexer F1331 and the various filters and band-split diplexers can be co-designed.
[0490] Figure 37 shows that, in some embodiments, a DRx module F1340 can include two inputs and two outputs. The DRx module F1340 includes, as a band splitter, a high-low diplexer F1341 that splits an input signal into low frequency bands and mid and high frequency bands, a three-pole I eight-throw switch F1342 (implemented as a first single-pole I three-throw switch and a second single-pole I two-throw switch and a third single-pole I three-throw switch), and various filters and band-split diplexers. As described herein, the high-low diplexer F1341 and the various filters and band-split diplexers can be co-designed. The DRx module F1340 includes, as part of an output multiplexer, a high-low combiner F1343 that filters and combines the signals received at two inputs and outputs the combined signal.
-105[0491] Figure 38 shows that, in some embodiments, a DRx module F1350 can include a multi-pole I multi-throw switch F1352. The DRx module F1340 includes, as a band splitter, a high-low diplexer F1351 that splits an input signal into low frequency bands and mid and high frequency bands, a three-pole I eightthrow switch F1352, and various filters and band-split diplexers. As described herein, the high-low diplexer F1341 and the various filters and band-split diplexers can be co-designed. The three-pole I eight-throw switch F1352 is implemented as a first single-pole I three-throw switch and a second two-pole I five-throw switch for routing a signal received on the first pole to one of the five throws and for routing a signal received on the second pole to one of three of the throws.
[0492] Figure 39 shows that, in some embodiments, a DRx module F1360 can include an input selector F1361 and a multi-pole I multi-throw switch F1362. The DRx module F1360 includes, as a band splitter, an input selector F1361 (which operates as a two-pole / four-throw switch and may be implemented as shown in Figure 32 and Figure 33), a four-pole I ten-throw switch F1362, and various filters, matching components, and band-split diplexers. As described herein, the input selector F1361, switch F1362 and the various filters, matching components, and band-split diplexers can be co-designed. The input selector F1361 and switch F1362, taken together, operate as a two-pole I ten-throw switch. The DRx module F1360 includes, as an output multiplexer, an output selector F1363 that can route the inputs to a selected one of the outputs (which may include combining signals). The output selector F1363 can be implemented using the aspects illustrated in Figure 29 and Figure 30.
[0493] Figure 40 shows an embodiment of a flowchart representation of a method of processing an RF signal. In some implementations (and as detailed below as an example), the method F1400 is performed by a controller, such as the DRx controller F702 of Figure 28 or the communications controller 120 of Figure 3. In some implementations, the method F1400 is performed by processing logic, including hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the method F1400 is performed by a processor executing code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., a memory). Briefly, the method F1400 includes receiving a band select signal and routing a received RF signal along one or more paths to selected outputs to process the received RF signal.
-106[0494] The method F1400 begins, at block F1410, with the controller receiving a band select signal. The controller may receive the band select signal from another controller or may receive the band select signal from a cellular base station or other external source. The band select signal may indicate one or more frequency bands over which a wireless device is to transmit and receive RF signals. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates a set of frequency bands for carrier aggregation communication.
[0495] At block F1420, the controller determines an output terminal for each frequency band indicated by the band select signal. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates a single frequency band and the controller determines a default output terminal for the single frequency band. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates two frequency bands and the controller determines a different output terminal for each of the two frequency bands. In some implementations, the band select signal indicates more frequency bands than there are usable output terminals and the controller determines to combine two or more of the frequency bands (and, thus, determines the same output terminal for two or more frequency bands). The controller can determine to combine the closest frequency bands or those furthest apart.
[0496] At block F1430, the controller controls an output multiplexer to route a signal for each frequency band to the determined output terminal. The controller can control the output multiplexer by opening or closing one or more SPST switches, determining a state of one or more SPMT switches, by sending an output multiplexer control signal, or by other mechanisms.
[0497] Among others, the foregoing Example F related to flexible band routing can be summarized as follows.
[0498] In accordance with some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a receiving system including a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system and configured to amplify a radio-frequency (RF) signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system further includes an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths. The -107receiving system further includes an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs. The receiving system further includes a controller configured to receive a band select signal and, based on the band select signal, control the input multiplexer and the output multiplexer.
[0499] In some embodiments, in response to a band select signal indicating that the one or more RF signals includes a single frequency band, the controller can be configured to control the output multiplexer to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the single frequency band to a default output multiplexer output. In some embodiments, the default output multiplexer output is different for different single frequency bands.
[0500] In some embodiments, in response to a band select signal indicating that the one or more RF signals includes a first frequency band and a second frequency band, the controller can be configured to control the output multiplexer to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the first frequency band to a first output multiplexer output and to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the second frequency band to a second output multiplexer output. In some embodiments, both the first frequency band and the second frequency band can be high frequency bands or low frequency bands.
[0501] In some embodiments, in response to a band select signal indicating that the one or more RF signals includes a first frequency band, a second frequency band, and a third frequency band, the controller can be configured to control the output multiplexer to combine an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the first frequency band and an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the second frequency band to generate a combined signal, to route the combined signal to a first output multiplexer output, and to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input corresponding to the third frequency band to a second output multiplexer output. In some embodiments, the first frequency band and second frequency band can be those of the first frequency band, second frequency band, and third frequency band that are closest together. In some embodiments, -108the first frequency band and second frequency band can be those of the first frequency band, second frequency band, and third frequency band that are furthest apart.
[0502] In some embodiments, in response to a band select signal indicating that the one or more RF signals includes multiple frequency bands and in response to a controller signal indicating that a transmission line is unusable, the controller can be configured to control the output multiplexer to combine multiple amplified RF signals received at multiple output multiplexer input corresponding to the multiple frequency bands to generate a combined signal and to route the combined signal to a output multiplexer output.
[0503] In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to, in response to a first band select signal, control the output multiplexer to route an amplified RF signal received at an output multiplexer input to a first output multiplexer output and, in response to a second band select signal, control the output multiplexer to route an amplified RF signal received at the output multiplexer input to a second output multiplexer output.
[0504] In some embodiments, the output multiplexer can include a first combiner coupled to a first output multiplexer output and a second combiner coupled to a second output multiplexer output. In some embodiments, an output multiplexer input can be coupled to the first combiner and the second combiner via one or more switches. In some embodiments, the controller can control the output multiplexer by controlling the one or more switches. In some embodiments, the one or more switches can include two single-pole I single-throw (SPST) switches. In some embodiments, the one or more switches can include a single single-pole I multiple-throw (SPMT) switch. In some embodiments, the receiving system further includes a plurality of transmission lines respectively coupled to the plurality of output multiplexer outputs.
[0505] In some implementations, the present disclosure relates to a radio-frequency (RF) module that includes a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The RF module further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system and configured to amplify a radio-frequency -109(RF) signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system includes an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to a selected one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths. The receiving system includes an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs. The receiving system includes a controller configured to receive a band select signal and, based on the band select signal, control the input multiplexer and the output multiplexer.
[0506] In some embodiments, the RF module can be a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
[0507] According to some teachings, the present disclosure relates to a wireless device that includes a first antenna configured to receive a first radiofrequency (RF) signal. The wireless device further includes a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna. The first FEM including a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components. The first FEM further includes a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate. The receiving system includes a plurality of amplifiers. Each one of the plurality of amplifiers is disposed along a corresponding one of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system and configured to amplify a radio-frequency (RF) signal received at the amplifier. The receiving system includes an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to a selected one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths. The receiving system includes an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs. The receiving system includes a controller configured to receive a band select signal and, based on the band select signal, control the input multiplexer -110and the output multiplexer. The wireless device further includes a communications module configured to receive a processed version of the first RF signal from the output via a plurality of transmission lines respectively coupled to the plurality of output multiplexer outputs and to generate data bits based on the processed version of the first RF signal.
[0508] In some embodiments, the wireless device further includes a second antenna configured to receive a second radio-frequency (RF) signal and a second FEM in communication with the second antenna. The communications module can be configured to receive a processed version of the second RF signal from an output of the second FEM and generate the data bits based on the processed version of the second RF signal.
Examples of Combinations of Features [0509] Figures 41A and 41B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example B as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100.
[0510] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0511] Figures 42A and 42B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example C as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100.
[0512] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each
Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
-111 [0513] Figures 43A and 43B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example D as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100.
[0514] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0515] Figures 44A and 44B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein and one or more features of Example C as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100.
[0516] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0517] Figures 45A and 45B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein and one or more features of Example D as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100.
[0518] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0519] Figures 46A and 46B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein and one or more features of Example D as described herein. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various -112figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100.
[0520] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0521] Figures 47A and 47B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, and one or more features of Example C as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100.
[0522] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all ofthe Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0523] Figures 48A and 48B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, and one or more features of Example D as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100.
[0524] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0525] Figures 49A and 49B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example D as described herein. Additional details related to Example -113A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100.
[0526] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0527] Figures 50A and 50B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example D as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 1114, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100.
[0528] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0529] Figures 51A and 51B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example D as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100.
-114[0530] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0531] Figures 52A and 52B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0532] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0533] Figures 53A and 53B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0534] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0535] Figures 54A and 54B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional -115details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0536] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0537] Figures 55A and 55B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 1114, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0538] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0539] Figures 56A and 56B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 1114, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0540] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0541] Figures 57A and 57B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures -1161-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0542] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0543] Figures 58A and 58B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0544] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0545] Figures 59A and 59B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
-117[0546] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0547] Figures 60A and 60B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0548] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0549] Figures 61A and 61B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0550] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each
Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
-118[0551] Figures 62A and 62B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 1719 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0552] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0553] Figure 63 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0554] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0555] Figure 64 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and -11998-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0556] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0557] Figure 65 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0558] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0559] Figure 66 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 1719 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0560] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0561] Figure 67 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features -120of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 1719 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0562] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0563] Figure 68 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 1719 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0564] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0565] Figure 69 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
-121 [0566] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0567] Figure 70 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0568] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0569] Figure 71 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0570] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0571] Figure 72 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of -122Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0572] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0573] Figure 73 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0574] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0575] Figure 74 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in -123reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0576] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0577] Figure 75 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0578] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0579] Figure 76 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
-124[0580] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0581] Figure 77 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0582] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0583] Figure 78 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0584] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0585] Figure 79 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of -125Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0586] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0587] Figure 80 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0588] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0589] Figure 81 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, -126including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0590] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0591] Figure 82 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0592] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0593] Figure 83 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, -127including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0594] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0595] Figure 84 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example B as described herein, one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0596] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0597] Figures 85A and 85B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, -128including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0598] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0599] Figures 86A and 86B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0600] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0601] Figures 87A and 87B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
[0602] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0603] Figures 88A and 88B show that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example D as described herein and one or more features of Example E as described herein. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100.
-129[0604] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0605] Figure 89 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0606] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0607] Figure 90 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0608] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0609] Figure 91 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 17-19 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0610] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each
Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
-130[0611] Figure 92 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example D as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0612] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0613] Figure 93 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example E as described herein and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0614] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0615] Figure 94 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example A as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example A are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 6-10 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0616] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0617] Figure 95 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example B as described herein, -131 one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example B are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 11-14, 1719 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0618] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0619] Figure 96 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example C as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example C are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 15, 16, 1719 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0620] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
[0621] Figure 97 shows that in some embodiments, a diversity receiver configuration may include one or more features of Example D as described herein, one or more features of Example E as described herein, and one or more features of Example F as described herein. Additional details related to Example D are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 20-23 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example E are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 24-26 and 98-100. Additional details related to Example F are described herein in reference to various figures, including Figures 1-5, 27-40 and 98-100.
[0622] In some embodiments, the foregoing combination of features can provide some or all advantages and/or functionalities associated with each
Example, all of the Examples in the combination, or any combination thereof.
-132Examples of Products and Architectures [0623] Figure 98 shows that in some embodiments, some or all of the diversity receiver configurations, including some or all of the diversity receiver configurations having combinations of features (e.g., Figures 41-97), can be implemented, wholly or partially, in a module. Such a module can be, for example, a front-end module (FEM). Such a module can be, for example, a diversity receiver (DRx) FEM.
[0624] In the example of Figure 98, a module 1000 can include a packaging substrate 1002, and a number of components can be mounted on such a packaging substrate 1002. For example, a controller 1004 (which may include a front-end power management integrated circuit [FE-PIMC]), a combination assembly 1006 having one or more features as described herein, a multiplexer assembly 1010, and a filter bank 1008 (which may include one or more bandpass filters) can be mounted and/or implemented on and/or within the packaging substrate 1002. Other components, such as a number of SMT devices 1012, can also be mounted on the packaging substrate 1002. Although all of the various components are depicted as being laid out on the packaging substrate 1002, it will be understood that some component(s) can be implemented over other component(s).
[0625] Figure 99 shows that in some embodiments, some or all of the diversity receiver configurations, including some or all of the diversity receiver configurations having combinations of features (e.g., Figures 41-97), can be implemented, wholly or partially, in an architecture. Such an architecture may include one or more modules, and can be configured to provide front-end functionality such as diversity receiver (DRx) front-end functionality.
[0626] In the example of Figure 99, an architecture 1100 can include a controller 1104 (which may include a front-end power management integrated circuit [FE-PIMC]), a combination assembly 1106 having one or more features as described herein, a multiplexer assembly 1110, and a filter bank 1108 (which may include one or more bandpass filters). Other components, such as a number of SMT devices 1112, can also be implemented in the architecture 1100.
[0627] In some implementations, a device and/or a circuit having one or more features described herein can be included in an RF electronic device such
-133as a wireless device. Such a device and/or a circuit can be implemented directly in the wireless device, in a modular form as described herein, or in some combination thereof. In some embodiments, such a wireless device can include, for example, a cellular phone, a smart-phone, a hand-held wireless device with or without phone functionality, a wireless tablet, etc.
[0628] Figure 100 depicts an example wireless device 1400 having one or more advantageous features described herein. In the context of one or more modules having one or more features as described herein, such modules can be generally depicted by a dashed box 1401 (which can be implemented as, for example, a front-end module), a diversity RF module 1411 (which can be implemented as, for example, a downstream module), and a diversity receiver (DRx) module 1000 (which can be implemented as, for example, a front-end module).
[0629] Referring to Figure 100, power amplifiers (PAs) 1420 can receive their respective RF signals from a transceiver 1410 that can be configured and operated to generate RF signals to be amplified and transmitted, and to process received signals. The transceiver 1410 is shown to interact with a baseband subsystem 1408 that is configured to provide conversion between data and/or voice signals suitable for a user and RF signals suitable for the transceiver 1410. The transceiver 1410 can also be in communication with a power management component 1406 that is configured to manage power for the operation of the wireless device 1400. Such power management can also control operations of the baseband sub-system 1408 and the modules 1401, 1411, and 1000.
[0630] The baseband sub-system 1408 is shown to be connected to a user interface 1402 to facilitate various input and output of voice and/or data provided to and received from the user. The baseband sub-system 1408 can also be connected to a memory 1404 that is configured to store data and/or instructions to facilitate the operation of the wireless device, and/or to provide storage of information for the user.
[0631] In the example wireless device 1400, outputs of the PAs 1420 are shown to be matched (via respective match circuits 1422) and routed to their respective duplexers 1424. Such amplified and filtered signals can be routed to a primary antenna 1416 through an antenna switch 1414 for transmission. In some embodiments, the duplexers 1424 can allow transmit and receive operations to be -134performed simultaneously using a common antenna (e.g., primary antenna 1416). In Figure 100, received signals are shown to be routed to Rx paths that can include, for example, a low-noise amplifier (LNA).
[0632] The wireless device also includes a diversity antenna 1426 and a diversity receiver module 1000 that receives signals from the diversity antenna 1426. The diversity receiver module 1000 processes the received signals and transmits the processed signals via a transmission line 1435 to a diversity RF module 1411 that further processes the signal before feeding the signal to the transceiver 1410.
[0633] In some embodiments, Example A described herein can be considered to include a first feature of a radio-frequency (RF) receiving system and related devices and methods. Similarly, Example B described herein can be considered to include a second feature of a radio-frequency (RF) receiving system and related devices and methods. Similarly, Example C described herein can be considered to include a third feature of a radio-frequency (RF) receiving system and related devices and methods. Similarly, Example D described herein can be considered to include a fourth feature of a radio-frequency (RF) receiving system and related devices and methods. Similarly, Example E described herein can be considered to include a fifth feature of a radio-frequency (RF) receiving system and related devices and methods. Similarly, Example F described herein can be considered to include a sixth feature of a radio-frequency (RF) receiving system and related devices and methods.
[0634] One or more features of the present disclosure can be implemented with various cellular frequency bands as described herein. Examples of such bands are listed in Table 1. It will be understood that at least some of the bands can be divided into sub-bands. It will also be understood that one or more features ofthe present disclosure can be implemented with frequency ranges that do not have designations such as the examples of Table 1.
-135Table 1
| Band | Mode | Tx Frequency Range (MHz) | Rx Frequency Range (MHz) |
| B1 | FDD | 1,920 - 1,980 | 2,110-2,170 |
| B2 | FDD | 1,850- 1,910 | 1,930- 1,990 |
| B3 | FDD | 1,710-1,785 | 1,805- 1,880 |
| B4 | FDD | 1,710-1,755 | 2,110-2,155 |
| B5 | FDD | 824 - 849 | 869 - 894 |
| B6 | FDD | 830 - 840 | 875 - 885 |
| B7 | FDD | 2,500-2,570 | 2,620-2,690 |
| B8 | FDD | 880-915 | 925 - 960 |
| B9 | FDD | 1,749.9- 1,784.9 | 1,844.9- 1,879.9 |
| B10 | FDD | 1,710-1,770 | 2,110-2,170 |
| B11 | FDD | 1,427.9- 1,447.9 | 1,475.9- 1,495.9 |
| B12 | FDD | 699-716 | 729 - 746 |
| B13 | FDD | 777 - 787 | 746 - 756 |
| B14 | FDD | 788 - 798 | 758 - 768 |
| B15 | FDD | 1,900 - 1,920 | 2,600-2,620 |
| B16 | FDD | 2,010-2,025 | 2,585-2,600 |
| B17 | FDD | 704-716 | 734 - 746 |
| B18 | FDD | 815-830 | 860 - 875 |
| B19 | FDD | 830 - 845 | 875 - 890 |
| B20 | FDD | 832 - 862 | 791 -821 |
| B21 | FDD | 1,447.9- 1,462.9 | 1,495.9- 1,510.9 |
| B22 | FDD | 3,410-3,490 | 3,510-3,590 |
| B23 | FDD | 2,000-2,020 | 2,180-2,200 |
| B24 | FDD | 1,626.5- 1,660.5 | 1,525- 1,559 |
| B25 | FDD | 1,850- 1,915 | 1,930- 1,995 |
| B26 | FDD | 814-849 | 859 - 894 |
| B27 | FDD | 807 - 824 | 852 - 869 |
| B28 | FDD | 703 - 748 | 758 - 803 |
| B29 | FDD | N/A | 716-728 |
| B30 | FDD | 2,305-2,315 | 2,350-2,360 |
| B31 | FDD | 452.5-457.5 | 462.5-467.5 |
| B33 | TDD | 1,900 - 1,920 | 1,900- 1,920 |
| B34 | TDD | 2,010-2,025 | 2,010-2,025 |
| B35 | TDD | 1,850- 1,910 | 1,850- 1,910 |
| B36 | TDD | 1,930 - 1,990 | 1,930- 1,990 |
| B37 | TDD | 1,910-1,930 | 1,910-1,930 |
| B38 | TDD | 2,570-2,620 | 2,570-2,620 |
| B39 | TDD | 1,880 - 1,920 | 1,880- 1,920 |
| B40 | TDD | 2,300-2,400 | 2,300-2,400 |
| B41 | TDD | 2,496-2,690 | 2,496-2,690 |
| B42 | TDD | 3,400 - 3,600 | 3,400 - 3,600 |
| B43 | TDD | 3,600-3,800 | 3,600-3,800 |
| B44 | TDD | 703 - 803 | 703 - 803 |
[0635] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” The word “coupled”, as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be
-136either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the above Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.
[0636] The above detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employ systems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and/or modified. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed in series, these processes or blocks may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times.
[0637] The teachings of the invention provided herein can be applied to other systems, not necessarily the system described above. The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments.
[0638] While some embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are
-137intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the disclosure.
[0639] Features of the invention may be provided by the following numbered clauses, with preferred features being set out in the dependent clauses:
1. A radio-frequency (RF) receiving system comprising:
a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system;
a plurality of amplifiers, each one of the plurality of amplifiers disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier; and two or more of a first feature, a second feature, a third feature, a fourth feature, a fifth feature, and a sixth feature, implemented for the RF receiving system, the first feature including a plurality of bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band, and at least some of the plurality of amplifiers implemented as a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), each one of the plurality of VGAs configured to amplify the corresponding signal with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller; the second feature including a plurality of phase-shift components, each one of the plurality of phase-shift components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component; the third feature including a plurality of impedance matching components, each one of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths; the fourth feature including a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band; the fifth feature including a switching network having one or more single-pole/single-throw switches, each one of the switches coupling two of the plurality of paths, the switching network configured to be controlled by the controller based on a band -138select signal; the sixth feature including an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths, and an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs.
2. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature and the second feature.
3. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature and the third feature.
4. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature and the fourth feature.
5. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature and the third feature.
6. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature and the fourth feature.
7. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the third feature and the fourth feature.
8. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature and the third feature.
9. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature and the fourth feature.
-139-
10. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the third feature and the fourth feature.
11. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the third feature and the fourth feature.
12. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the third feature and the fourth feature.
13. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature and the fifth feature.
14. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the third feature and the fifth feature.
15. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
16. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the third feature and the fifth feature.
17. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the the second feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
18. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the third feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
19. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the third feature and the fifth feature.
-140-
20. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
21. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the third feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
22. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
23. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
24. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature and the sixth feature.
25. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the third feature and the sixth feature.
26. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
27. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the third feature and the sixth feature.
28. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
29. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the third feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
-141 -
30. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the third feature and the sixth feature.
31. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
32. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the third feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
33. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
34. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
35. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
36. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the third feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
37. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
-142-
38. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the third feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
39. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
40. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the third feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
41. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the third feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
42. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
43. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the third feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
44. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
45. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the second feature, the third feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
46. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature and the fifth feature.
-14347. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature and the fifth feature.
48. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the third feature and the fifth feature.
49. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
50. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature and the sixth feature.
51. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature and the sixth feature.
52. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the third feature and the sixth feature.
53. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
54. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
55. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the first feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
56. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the second feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
57. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the third feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
-144-
58. The RF receiving system of clause 1 wherein the RF receiving system includes the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
59. A radio-frequency (RF) module comprising:
a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components; and a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate, the receiving system including a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system, the receiving system further including a plurality of amplifiers, each one of the plurality of amplifiers disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier, the receiving system further including two or more of a first feature, a second feature, a third feature, a fourth feature, a fifth feature, and a sixth feature, implemented for the RF receiving system, the first feature including a plurality of bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band, and at least some of the plurality of amplifiers implemented as a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), each one of the plurality of VGAs configured to amplify the corresponding signal with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller; the second feature including a plurality of phase-shift components, each one of the plurality of phase-shift components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component; the third feature including a plurality of impedance matching components, each one of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths; the fourth feature including a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band; the fifth feature including a switching network having one or more single-pole/single-throw switches, each one of the switches coupling two of the plurality of paths, the switching network configured to be controlled by -145the controller based on a band select signal; the sixth feature including an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths, and an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs.
60. The RF module of clause 59 wherein the RF module is a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
61. A wireless device comprising:
a first antenna configured to receive one or more radio-frequency (RF) signals;
a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna, the first FEM including a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components, the first FEM further including a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate, the receiving system including a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system, the receiving system further including a plurality of amplifiers, each one of the plurality of amplifiers disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier, the receiving system further including two or more of a first feature, a second feature, a third feature, a fourth feature, a fifth feature, and a sixth feature, implemented for the RF receiving system, the first feature including a plurality of bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band, and at least some of the plurality of amplifiers implemented as a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), each one of the plurality of VGAs configured to amplify the corresponding signal with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller; the second feature including a plurality of -146phase-shift components, each one of the plurality of phase-shift components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component; the third feature including a plurality of impedance matching components, each one of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths; the fourth feature including a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band; the fifth feature including a switching network having one or more single-pole/single-throw switches, each one of the switches coupling two of the plurality of paths, the switching network configured to be controlled by the controller based on a band select signal; the sixth feature including an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more RF signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more RF signals to one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths, and an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified RF signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified RF signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs; and a transceiver configured to receive a processed version of the one or more RF signals from the receiving system and generate data bits based on the processed version of the one or more RF signals.
62. The wireless device of clause 61 wherein the wireless device is a cellular phone.
-147-
Claims (21)
1. A radio-frequency (RF) receiving system comprising:
a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system;
a plurality of amplifiers, each one of the plurality of amplifiers disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier;
a first feature including a plurality of impedance matching components, each one of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths; and a second feature including a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band.
2. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 1, further comprising: one or more of a third feature, a fourth feature, a fifth feature, and a sixth feature, implemented for the radio-frequency receiving system, the third feature including a plurality of bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to filter a signal received at the bandpass filter to a respective frequency band, and at least some of the plurality of amplifiers implemented as a plurality of variable-gain amplifiers (VGAs), each one of the plurality of variablegain amplifiers configured to amplify the corresponding signal with a gain controlled by an amplifier control signal received from the controller;
the fourth feature including a plurality of phase-shift components, each one of the plurality of phase-shift components disposed along a corresponding one of
148 the plurality of paths and configured to phase-shift a signal passing through the phase-shift component;
the fifth feature including a switching network having one or more singlepole/single-throw switches, each one of the switches coupling two of the plurality of paths, the switching network configured to be controlled by the controller based on a band select signal; and the sixth feature including an input multiplexer configured to receive one or more radio-frequency signals at one or more input multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more radio-frequency signals to one or more of a plurality of input multiplexer outputs to propagate along a respective one or more of the plurality of paths, and an output multiplexer configured to receive one or more amplified radio-frequency signals propagating along the respective one or more of the plurality of paths at one or more respective output multiplexer inputs and to output each of the one or more amplified radio-frequency signals to a selected one of a plurality of output multiplexer outputs.
3. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the third feature.
4. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the fourth feature.
5. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the third feature and the fourth feature.
6. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the fifth feature.
7. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the third feature and the fifth feature.
8. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
149
9. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the third feature, the fourth feature and the fifth feature.
10. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the sixth feature.
11. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the third feature and the sixth feature.
12. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
13. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the third feature, the fourth feature and the sixth feature.
14. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
15. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the third feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
16. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
17. The radio-frequency receiving system of claim 2 wherein the radiofrequency receiving system includes the third feature, the fourth feature, the fifth feature and the sixth feature.
18. A radio-frequency (RF) module comprising:
a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components; and
150 a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate, the receiving system including a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system, the receiving system further including a plurality of amplifiers, each one of the plurality of amplifiers disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier, the receiving system further including a first feature including a plurality of impedance matching components, each one of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths; and a second feature including a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band.
19. The radio-frequency module of claim 18 wherein the radio-frequency module is a diversity receiver front-end module (FEM).
20. A wireless device comprising:
a first antenna configured to receive one or more radio-frequency (RF) signals;
a first front-end module (FEM) in communication with the first antenna, the first front-end module including a packaging substrate configured to receive a plurality of components, the first front-end module further including a receiving system implemented on the packaging substrate, the receiving system including a controller configured to selectively activate one or more of a plurality of paths between an input of the receiving system and an output of the receiving system, the receiving system further including a plurality of amplifiers, each one of the plurality of amplifiers disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to amplify a signal received at the amplifier, the receiving system further including a first feature including a plurality of impedance matching components, each one of the plurality of impedance matching components disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths and configured to 151 reduce at least one of an out-of-band noise figure or an out-of-band gain of the one of the plurality of paths; and a second feature including a plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters, each one of the plurality of post-amplifier bandpass filters disposed along a corresponding one of the plurality of paths at an output of a corresponding one of the plurality of amplifiers and configured to filter a signal to a respective frequency band; and a transceiver configured to receive a processed version of the one or more radio-frequency signals from the receiving system and generate data bits based on the processed version of the one or more radio-frequency signals.
21. The wireless device of claim 20 wherein the wireless device is a cellular phone.
152
153
Intellectual
Property
Office
Application No: GB1801848.1 Examiner: Dr John Cullen
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/727,739 US9893752B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-06-01 | Diversity receiver front end system with variable-gain amplifiers |
| US14/734,759 US9385765B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-06-09 | Diversity receiver front end system with phase-shifting components |
| US14/734,746 US9485001B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-06-09 | Diversity receiver front end system with switching network |
| US14/734,775 US9571037B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-06-09 | Diversity receiver front end system with impedance matching components |
| US14/735,482 US10050694B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-06-10 | Diversity receiver front end system with post-amplifier filters |
| US14/836,575 US9813137B2 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2015-08-26 | Diversity receiver front end system with flexible routing |
| GB1708567.1A GB2548043A (en) | 2015-06-01 | 2016-04-26 | Systems,devices and methods related to diversity receivers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201801848D0 GB201801848D0 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
| GB2562823A true GB2562823A (en) | 2018-11-28 |
Family
ID=64080558
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1801848.1A Withdrawn GB2562823A (en) | 2015-06-01 | 2016-04-26 | Systems, devices and methods related to diversity receivers |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2562823A (en) |
Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022003246A1 (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-06 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Beam steering dependent impedance matching of array antennas |
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| EP0744831A2 (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1996-11-27 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Wireless unit for a time division multiple access system |
| EP0923198A2 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 1999-06-16 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | A method for selecting the frequency range in radio communication devices operating in several frequency ranges and a communication device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB201801848D0 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
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