GB2519590A - Single phase parallel active filter for aircraft applications - Google Patents

Single phase parallel active filter for aircraft applications Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2519590A
GB2519590A GB1318976.6A GB201318976A GB2519590A GB 2519590 A GB2519590 A GB 2519590A GB 201318976 A GB201318976 A GB 201318976A GB 2519590 A GB2519590 A GB 2519590A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
load
power
current
reactive
voltage
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GB1318976.6A
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GB201318976D0 (en
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Mohamad Hussein Taha
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Aircraft electrical power generation are moving towards variable frequency systems rather than constant frequency systems. A parallel active filter arrangement provides reactive power compensation and reduced harmonics in the input current of a nonlinear load in the electrical system. The sum of the harmonic and reactive currents is used as a reference signal for a proportional-integral controller which controls the PWM of the voltage source inverter. A simulation shows satisfactory results in the range of 350 800 Hz.

Description

SINGLE PHASE PARALLEL ACTIVE FILTER FOR AIRCRAFT APPLICATIONS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new control topology of a parallel active filter for extracting the harmonics and reactive current from a load and use it as a reference signal to a cldsed control loop of a system. In particular but not exclusively the present invention relates to electronic circuits suitable for active filter suitable for aircraft power system with ariable frequency at the input power supply. *10
BACKGROUND
Recent advancements in power electronics technologies are enabling new systems to be developed and applied to aerospace applications. Aircraft electrical power generation is also changing, with a move towards variable frequency (VF) systems from constant frequency (CF) systems. This offers many benefits to the aircraft, although there are some electrical loads that may require a DC supply or a traditional fixed frequency supply.
Power qualiy in the aircraft distribution system is seriously affected by the harmonic generated loads. The harmonic problem is not solved adequately by implementing passive LC filters due to their inability to compensate for the random frequencies scattered in the load currents. Furthermore this type of filter can only control particular frequencies for which it is tuned and may cause resonance problems. Hence an active filter has been widely used for harmonics mitigation as reactive power compensation.
The application of power electronics based appliances in aircraft system has enhanced power quality problems even at the lowest voltage level in distribution system. A reasonable number of different active filters has been designed with a limited emphasis on single phase system. In this invention a new control strategy for parallel active power filter (APE) has been implemented for improvement of power quality problem in a single phase variable frequency system for motor electric aircraft.
There are number of design requirements that the APF must comply with to be suitable far aircraft applications, including: 1. The supply current to the converter must have a low harmonic content to minimise its impact On the aircraft VF electrical system.
2. A high input power factor must be achieved to minimise reactive power requirements.
3. Power density must be maximised for minimum size and weight. -The design of this system poses significant challenges due to the widely ranging nature of the load and supply frequency variation.
* STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of providing a reactive power compensation for a non linear load by using a parallel active filter arrangement also to give a reduced harmonic input current with unity power factor.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a new simple control strategy for single phase parallel active power filter which compensates reactive power proportional to the sum of harmonic and reactive current drawn by a non linear load. The method is based on power calculation of the non linear load and extracting the reactive and harmonics current from the load current and uses it as a reference signal for a proportional -integral (P1) controller.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of providing either DC voltage for DC load or AC fixed frequency voltage for AC load.
It will be appreciated that although power is usually consumed by the a load, some motor loads may be back driven during use, for example because of aerodynamic loading, and may act temporarily as generator. It is undesirable for this regenerated energy to accumulate within the load equipment since it can lead to damaging electrical and thermal stresses. Typically such events could be catered for by using internal inverter to return the energy back to aircraft system to be use by other loads.
It is therefore possible for the present invention to be used for high power applications.
Hence 3 phase power supply, 3 phase diode rectifier, 3 phase active filter and 3 phase output inverter are recommended to use. The same control scheme can be used.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures in which: FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of a power circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, this figure has the following parts: a-Variable frequency input source (350 to 800 Hz) b-Ac input filter inductances c-Diode rectifier d-Dc LC filter e-Dc to AC inverter f-Active filter based on Voltage source inverter (VSI) configuration with LC filter at its output.
The active fñter is placed in parallel with harmonics producing load (diode rectifier), the diode rectifier produces a non sinusoidal well distorted current at its input. The active filter forces the source current to become sinusoidal.
The output stage of the diode rectifier could be connected to a DC load or to 400 Hz fixed frequency inverter ( Single or 3 phase inverter). Ui this case the system will be operated as variable to constant frequency inverter.
FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, this figure has the following parts: a-Multiplier b-Low pass filter c-Sine function block d-Divider e-Subtractor f-gain g-P1 controller h-PWM circuit Without active filter, the input current, which is distorted by the power factor and harmonics of the load, the load current made up with the following terms: z,jt)=a0(J+a(O+ tr(t)+ Zh(t) (1) Where i0(t) Dc component i(t) Active current r (t) Reactive current h (t) Harmonic current Equation (1) can be simplified by combining the reactive and harmonic currents and by assuming the dc component of the load current is zero because in practice this current is usually small or does not exist.
lrh(t) = i,. Ct) + 1h (t) (2) To generate the reference current, the harmonic and reactive current drawn by the load is extracted from the load current is given by: Lrh(t) = z(t) -i (t) (3) 10(t) s/ ring sin. wt (4) The average power drawn by the load is given by: Pay = (5) It can be found by calculating the instantaneous load power and connect it to a low pas filter.
Here the Iç,ng is the rms load bus voltage, J_,,. is the mis active part of the load current.
Combine equations (3), (4) and (5): u-h = -x nnwt vnns (6) The current from the parallel active filter is proportional to the harmonic and reactive component of the load current. This current is set as a reference current to compare with the current injected by the active filter. Pt controller is used to control the PWM in order to control the power compensation to the load.
SIMULATION RESULTS
The present invention is simulated when the output of the rectifier is connected to a DC load and then is connected to a single phase voltage source inverter to output 400 Hz voltage. The following parameters are used for the simulations: The input voltage is a variable frequency voltage range 350 to 800 Hz.
The input AC side inductance Li = 150 pH The inductance at the output rectifier L2 = 100 pH The capacitance at the output rectifier Ci = 250 pF The DC load = 15 0 The AC load at the output of the 400 Hz inverter = 15 0 The capacitor C2 of the parallel active filter = 200 pF The T filter at the output of the active filter has L3=L4 = 50 pH., C3 = 2 pF The PWM switching frequency = 20 KHz Simulation analysis shows that, the circuit produced satisfactory results in the range of 350 to 800 Hz.
Figure 3 schematically illustrates voltage and current waveforms when the diode bridge is connected to a DC load for 350 Hz input frequency. The waveforms shows the output DC voltage (Vdc), the input current ( load) for the diode rectifier, the input Ac voltage (Vin) and current (lin). It can be seen the input current is sinusoidal with unity power factor and low harmonic distortion.
Figure 4 schematically illustrates voltage and current waveforms as figure 3, here the input frequency at the supply voltage changed to 400 Hz.
Figure 5 schematically illustrates voltage and current waveforms as figure 3, here the input frequency at the supply voltage changed to 600 Hz.
Figure 6 schematically illustrates voltage and current waveforms as figure 3, here the input frequency at the supply voltage changed to 800 Hz.
Figure 7 schematically illustrates voltage and current waveforms when the diode bridge is connected to a DC / AC inverter to output 400 Hz voltage. The input voltage is set at 800 Hz frequency. The waveforms show the output AC voltage, the input AC voltage and current. It can be seen the input current is sinusoidal with unity power factor and low harmonic distortion, Also the output voltage is fixed at 400 Hz with a low distortion.
Figure 8 schematically illustrates voltage and current waveforms as figure 6, here the input frequency at the supply voltage changed to 600 Hz

Claims (2)

  1. CLAIMSI A new control topology method for providing a reactive power compensation for a non linear load by using a parallel active filter arrangement to give a reduced harmqnics input current with unity power factor by extracting the harmonics and reactive current from the load and use it as a reference signal to the closed control loop of the system.
  2. 2 As stated in claim 1, a single phase parallel active power filter which compensates reactive power proportional to the sum of harmonic and reactive currerM drawn by a non linear load based on power calculation of the non linear load 3 As stated in claim 1, the parallel active power filter (APF) which is implemented for improvement of power quality problem in a single phase variable frequency system is applicable for motor electric aircraft.4 As stated in claim 1, the method is applicable of providing either DC voltage for DC load or AC fixed frequency voltage for AC load.As stated in claim 1, the invented topology is suitable to operate with three phase power system.6 A cirbuit as claimed in claim I arranged to perform the first condition when a rectifier produces a non sinusoidal distorted current at its input and the the active filterforces the source current to become sinusoidal.7 A circuit as claimed in claim 1, the simulation analysis have demonstrated that the dircuit produced satisfactory results in the range of 350 to 800 Hz, as shown in th Figures 3 to 8.
GB1318976.6A 2013-10-28 2013-10-28 Single phase parallel active filter for aircraft applications Withdrawn GB2519590A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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GB2519590A true GB2519590A (en) 2015-04-29

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104882885A (en) * 2015-05-14 2015-09-02 电子科技大学 Control method of multi-machine parallel optimized operation of active power filters
CN106026135A (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-10-12 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Apparatus and method for comprehensively controlling electric energy quality
CN107800135A (en) * 2017-06-21 2018-03-13 中南大学 A kind of different subharmonic for SAPF become more meticulous compensation method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111490545B (en) * 2020-05-13 2022-03-18 东北电力大学 Parallel active power filter control method with compensation target

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6075350A (en) * 1998-04-24 2000-06-13 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Power line conditioner using cascade multilevel inverters for voltage regulation, reactive power correction, and harmonic filtering
US20050035815A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-17 Louis Cheng Active filter for multi-phase ac power system
WO2011124223A2 (en) * 2010-04-06 2011-10-13 Danfoss Drives A/S Power quality improvement by active filter
US20120016530A1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2012-01-19 George Albert Mazzoli Method and system for managing power quality and efficiency

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6075350A (en) * 1998-04-24 2000-06-13 Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation Power line conditioner using cascade multilevel inverters for voltage regulation, reactive power correction, and harmonic filtering
US20050035815A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-17 Louis Cheng Active filter for multi-phase ac power system
WO2011124223A2 (en) * 2010-04-06 2011-10-13 Danfoss Drives A/S Power quality improvement by active filter
US20120016530A1 (en) * 2010-09-28 2012-01-19 George Albert Mazzoli Method and system for managing power quality and efficiency

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104882885A (en) * 2015-05-14 2015-09-02 电子科技大学 Control method of multi-machine parallel optimized operation of active power filters
CN106026135A (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-10-12 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Apparatus and method for comprehensively controlling electric energy quality
CN106026135B (en) * 2016-07-20 2018-05-22 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 A kind of Power Quality Comprehensive Treatment Device and its method
CN107800135A (en) * 2017-06-21 2018-03-13 中南大学 A kind of different subharmonic for SAPF become more meticulous compensation method
CN107800135B (en) * 2017-06-21 2021-04-23 中南大学 Different-order harmonic refinement compensation method for SAPF

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