GB2499065A

GB2499065A - Water heating vessel having a valve preventing liquid from being spilt when the vessel is tipped over

Info

Publication number: GB2499065A
Application number: GB1214621.3A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Antonio Martin Gaeta; Peter Hallam Wright; Mark Stuart Buxton; Richard Chee Cheung So; Robert Henry Hadfield
Original assignee: Otter Controls Ltd
Current assignee: Otter Controls Ltd
Priority date: 2012-01-31
Filing date: 2012-08-16
Publication date: 2013-08-07
Also published as: GB2499057B; GB201214621D0; GB201208297D0; GB2499057A

Abstract

A spill inhibiting apparatus for a liquid heating vessel has an aperture 632 to one side thereof for dispensing liquid from the vessel when the vessel is tipped towards the aperture. The apparatus comprises a valve 671 arranged to allow dispensing of the liquid during normal use but to close the aperture when the vessel is accidentally tipped over towards the aperture. The valve is arranged to open the aperture so as to allow venting of the vessel when the vessel is tipped over to one side. A channel 682 may be in fluid communication with the aperture and arranged to allow liquid to flow therethrough during dispensing. The valve may comprise a member 617 movable to close the aperture to prevent liquid from spilling and retention means 623a such as a magnet to retain the member away from the aperture during dispensing. Other aspects relate to other spill inhibiting apparatuses and steam chambers.

Description

1

Appliances and Components Therefor Field of the Invention

[01] The present invention relates to domestic and commercial appliances, such as electrical appliances, and components therefor. Some aspects of the invention are directed to

5 safety features, spill inhibiting means, sealing means, optical communication means, and electrical and mechanical connection systems.

Background of the Invention

[02] There is a constant pressure in the domestic appliance industry to innovate; see for example the applicant's 360° cordless connector as disclosed in WO-A-199406185. In the

10 past, innovation may have been very specific and directed to one appliance type only. However, from experience, the applicant understands that this is not always the case so that, for example, the 360° cordless connector which was primarily expected to be used with known appliances is now found across a variety of domestic and commercial appliance types and in combination with a multitude of associated innovations that could not have been 15 foreseen in 1992, at the priority date of W0-A-I99406185.

[03] Each of the embodiments in this patent application may be considered as discrete ideas in their own right or may be considered to be used in combination with at least one other embodiment as may become clear upon reading the description.

Statement of Invention

20 [04] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a spill inhibiting apparatus for a liquid heating vessel, the apparatus comprising a member and a chamber for the member, wherein the chamber comprises at least first and second apertures, in which in normal use the at least first and second apertures are in fluid communication to allow pouring and filling of vessel through said apertures, and upon releasing the member, said 25 member engages and/seal against the first and/or second aperture to inhibit fluid communication between said apertures.

[05] The member may be releasable by retention means upon inertia, impact, deceleration, gravity or user actuated.

[06] Whereupon after upon release of the member, said member may disengage with said 30 aperture when the vessel tipped over on its side such that fluid communication between said apertures may be reinstated.

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[07] Alternatively, the chamber may comprise at least first and second chambers, in which the first chamber may house said member in normal use, and the second chamber may house said member upon release to engage and/or seal against the first and/or second aperture but allows said member to disengage with said aperture when the vessel tipped over on its side

5 such that fluid communication between said apertures is reinstated.

[08] The spill inhibiting apparatus with said releasable member may be used with any of the following aspects of the invention.

[09] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a steam chamber for a liquid heating vessel for a liquid heating vessel, the apparatus comprises a valve through

10 which steam and/or vapour can pass therethrough during normal use, the valve being arranged to close when the vessel is tipped over on its side.

[10] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a spill inhibiting apparatus for a liquid heating vessel, the apparatus comprising at least one channel arranged to allow pouring of liquid from the vessel when the vessel is in a pouring position but to

15 inhibit the flow of liquid from the vessel when the vessel is tipped on its side.

[11] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a spill inhibiting means for a liquid heating vessel which substantially reduces the flow from the vessel when it is tipped on its side but which does not substantially inhibit the flow when pouring; the means does not have any essential moving parts and does not require user intervention to

20 switch between pouring mode and spill inhibiting mode.

[12] The spill inhibiting means may comprise at least one channel arranged to allow pouring of liquid from the vessel when the vessel is in a pouring position but to inhibit the flow of liquid from the vessel when the vessel is tipped on its side. Liquid may pass through the at least one channel when being poured from the vessel. The at least one channel may

25 allow filling of the vessel therethrough. The at least one channel may be connected to a spout of the vessel.

[13] The at least one channel may comprises first and second channels commonly connected to a pouring outlet of the vessel. The at least one channel may comprise a manifold.

30 [14] The at least one channel may be arranged to vent the interior of the vessel when tipped on its side. The at least one channel may comprise first and second channels arranged respectively to vent the interior of the vessel when tipped on either side.

[15] The at least one channel may comprise means for impeding flow of liquid therethrough, particularly but not exclusively when the vessel is tipped on its side. The

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means for impeding flow may comprise at least one baffle or weir, and may comprise a plurality of baffles in a staggered arrangement.

[16] The at least one channel may be arranged to contain liquid from a reservoir of the vessel when tipped on its side, and to drain the contained liquid back into the reservoir when

5 the vessel is returned to the upright position.

[17] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a spill inhibiting system for a portable vessel, the system comprising at least two channels arranged such that when the vessel is in an upright position at least one of the channels vents the vessel and when the vessel is tipped on its side, at least one of the channels vents the vessel whilst the

10 flow of liquid from the vessel through the said channels is impeded.

[18] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a spill inhibiting system for a vessel, comprising a manifold through which the vessel can be filled and liquid can be poured out, the manifold acting to vent the vessel when tipped on its side.

[19] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a steam 15 chamber for a liquid heating vessel, the steam chamber comprising an inlet aperture opening into the vessel and an outlet aperture for connection to a steam sensor, the steam chamber being arranged to impede liquid flow through the outlet aperture when the vessel is tipped on its side.

[20] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vessel 20 comprising a spout and a spill inhibiting system arranged to inhibit spillage from the spout when the vessel is tipped over, the vessel being predisposed to rest, when tipped over, with the spout substantially horizontal.

[21] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vessel comprising a spout and a spill inhibiting system arranged to inhibit spillage from the spout

25 when the vessel is tipped over, is the vessel being predisposed to rest, when tipped over, with the spout substantially facing upward.

[22] An embodiment of the present invention comprises a safety kettle that can be filled through, and dispensed from the spout, and provide spill inhibiting and primary venting means without the requirement for moving parts or user actuation.

30 [23] An embodiment of the present invention comprises a pressure relieving and venting system for a liquid heating vessel comprising at least two apertures in fluid communication with atmosphere, characterised in that when the vessel is in its upright or filling or pouring position at least one of the apertures is fluidly connected to atmosphere and when the vessel

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is in a tipped position at least one of the apertures is fluidly connected to atmosphere whilst the flow of liquid from the appliance is impeded from both the apertures. [24] An embodiment of the present invention comprises a pressure relieving, venting, filling and pouring system for a liquid heating vessel comprising a manifold with at least two 5 channels in fluid communication with the spout, the channels having respective apertures, characterised in that when the vessel is in its upright or filling or pouring position at least one of the apertures is fluidly connected to the spout and when the vessel is in a tipped position at least one of the apertures is fluidly connected to atmosphere via the spout whilst the flow of liquid from the reservoir to the spout is impeded.

10 [25] Preferably the manifold comprises a plurality of baffles and apertures.

[26] Preferably the at least two apertures are arranged in an opposite arrangement within the manifold.

[27] Preferably the baffles are arranged in a staggered arrangement to provide conduits or channels between the apertures.

15 [28] Preferably the manifold contains no moving parts.

[29] Preferably the manifold requires no user actuation to switch from normal use to a spill inhibiting mode or vice versa.

[30] Preferably the manifold is fixed or removably secured to at least one part of the appliance to provide liquid communication with the spout.

20 [31] Preferably when the vessel is in a tipped position, an aperture that is fluidly connected to atmosphere is located above a liquid level within the vessel, and an aperture of the said channel with impeded flow of liquid is located below the liquid level in the vessel.

[32] Preferably when the vessel is in its upright position at least one of the channels is fluidly connected to atmosphere; and when the vessel is in a tipped position the aperture that

25 is above the liquid level is fluidly connected to atmosphere via its respective channel, whilst the flow of liquid from the other channel is impeded by a least one baffle within the channel that remains above the liquid level.

[33] An embodiment of the present invention comprises a spill-inhibiting, venting, pouring and filling arrangement for a liquid heating vessel comprising a manifold arranged

30 to inhibit the flow of liquid when the vessel is tipped to one side relative to the outlet.

[34] An embodiment of the present invention comprises a removable lid assembly that incorporates a manifold as described above.

[35] An embodiment of the present invention comprises a manifold that incorporates the appliance spout.

[36] An embodiment of the present invention comprises a baffle external to the manifold that inhibits liquid entering the manifold when the appliance is in a tipped position.

[37] In an embodiment of the invention, the function of a channel within the manifold may alter from a filling, dispensing, spill inhibiting and/or primary venting means dependent

5 upon the orientation of the appliance.

[38] An embodiment of the present invention comprises a safety kettle in which the shape is predisposed to ensure that the spout points in at least a horizontal position and preferably in an upright position when the appliance is tipped on its side.

Brief Description of the Drawings

10 [39] There now follows, by way of example only, a detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention, with reference to the Figures identified below.

Figure 1 is a schematic cross section of a cordless liquid heating appliance in an embodiment of the invention.

Figure 9a is a schematic cross-section of a prior art liquid heating appliance with a 15 user actuated spill-inhibiting safety feature.

Figures 12w and 12x are schematic front views of an automatic weir type pressure relieving means with the vessel lying on its side.

Figures 12y and 12z are schematic front views of a further embodiment of the pressure relieving means on the kettle that is resting on its side.

20 Figure 13k is a schematic cross-section view of an embodiment of the liquid heating vessel with pressure relieving means, wherein the liquid heating vessel is in its closed state.

Figure 131 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the liquid heating vessel shown in Figure 13k.

Figures 13m to 13mb are schematic isometric views of baffle means for an 25 embodiment of Figure 131.

Figure 13mc is cross section view of an additional baffle means an embodiment of Figure 131.

Figure 13n is a schematic top view of the vessel of Figure 13k, when resting on its side including the additional baffle means of Figure 13ma.

30 Figure 13o is a schematic cross-section view of a liquid heating vessel with a combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly.

Figure 13p is an isometric section view of Figure 13o illustrating a combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly.

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Figure 13q is an exploded isometric view of Figure 13o illustrating the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly.

Figure 13r is a schematic cross section of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13o to 13q in an upright position.

5 Figure 13s is an exploded isometric view of an embodiment of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13q.

Figure 13t is an assembly view of a further embodiment of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13q.

Figure 13ta is an assembly view of a third alternative assembly arrangement of the 10 combined spill inhibiting and pressure relieving means of Figure 13q.

Figure 13tb is an assembly view of a fourth alternative assembly arrangement of the combined spill inhibiting and pressure relieving means of Figure 13q.

Figure 13tc is an assembly view of an alternative assembly arrangement of the spill inhibiting and pressure relieving means of Figure 13o.

15 Figure 13td is an assembly view of a second alternative assembly arrangement of the spill inhibiting and pressure relieving means of Figure 13tc.

Figure 13tda is an assembly view of a third alternative assembly arrangement of the spill inhibiting and pressure relieving means of Figure 13tc.

Figure 13u is a perspective rear sectional view of Figure 13o illustrating a steam 20 chamber.

Figure 13v is an exploded isometric view of the steam chamber of Figure 13u.

Figure 13w is a schematic plan view of the steam chamber of Figure 13v.

Figure 13wa is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the steam chamber of Figure 13w.

25 Figure 13wb is a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of the steam chamber of Figure 13w.

Figures 13x, 13xb, 13xd and 13xf are schematic front views of the vessel of Figures 13o to 13r in four different tipped positions.

Figures 13xa, 13xc, 13xe and 13xg are schematic front views of the combined spill 30 inhibiting and pressure relieving means of Figures 13x, 13xb, 13xd and 13xf respectively illustrating the water level and venting of the vessel.

Figure 13xh is a schematic front view of an embodiment of Figure 13xb, wherein the vessel is in a tipped position.

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Figure 13xi is a schematic front view of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13xh illustrating the water level and venting of the vessel.

Figure 13xj is an exploded isometric view of a further embodiment the combined 5 spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13q.

Figure 13xk is a schematic front view of the vessel with the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13xj in a tipped position.

Figure 13x1 is a schematic front view of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure 10 relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13xj and 13xk illustrating the water level and venting of the vessel.

Figure 13xm is an assembly view of a fifth embodiment of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13q.

Figure 13xn is an exploded isometric view of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure 15 relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13xm.

Figure 13xo is a schematic section view along line X-X of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13xm and 13xu.

Figures 13xp to 13xs are schematic front views of the vessel with the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13xm in four 20 different tipped positions, in which Figures 13xr and 13xs illustrate a primary venting means via the steam chamber.

Figure 13xt is a schematic front view of an embodiment of Figure 13xq, wherein the vessel is in a tipped position.

Figure 13xu is an assembly view of an embodiment of the combined spill inhibiting, 25 pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13q.

Figure 13xv is a schematic section view along line Y-Y of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13xu.

Figures 13xw to 13xza are schematic front views of the combined spill inhibiting means and pressure relieving means of Figure 13xu in four different tipped positions. 30 Figure 13y is an exploded isometric view of a further embodiment of the combined spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13q.

Figure 13ya is an isometric view of the combined spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13y.

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Figures 13yb and 13yd are schematic plan views illustrating the flow path of the combined spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13y and 13ya.

Figures 13yc and 13ye are schematic front views illustrating the flow path of the 5 combined spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13yb and 13yd respectively.

Figures 13yf to 13yi are schematic front views of the combined spill inhibiting means and pressure relieving means of Figure 13y in four different tipped positions.

Figure 13yia is a bottom schematic view of an embodiment of the lid of Figure 13y 10 having a ramp on the combined spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly.

Figure 13yib is an exploded schematic section through the combined spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yia and the liquid heating appliance.

15 Figure 13yic is a schematic section through the combined spill inhibiting means,

pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yia and the liquid heating appliance.

Figure 13yid is an embodiment of the combined spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yib.

20 Figures 13yie and 13yif are respectively schematic plan and cut-away front views of an alternative spill inhibiting arrangement.

Figures 13yig and 13yih are respectively schematic plan and cut-away side views of an alternative spill inhibiting arrangement.

Figure 13yj and 13yl are schematic front views of an embodiment of the vessel of 25 Figures 13x and 13xd with flat side wall in two different tipped positions.

Figures 13yk and 13ym are schematic front views of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13yj and 13yl respectively illustrating the water level and venting of the vessel.

Figures 13yn and 13yp are schematic front views of an embodiment of the vessel of 30 Figures 13yj and 13yl with 'tear drop shaped' side wall in two different tipped positions.

Figures 13yo and 13yq are schematic front views of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13yn and 13yp respectively illustrating the water level and venting of the vessel.

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Figure 13yr is an exploded isometric view of an embodiment of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13q.

Figure 13ys is a schematic front view of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yr.

5 Figure 13yt is a further schematic plan view of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yd.

Figure 13yu is a schematic plan view of a first variant of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yt.

Figure 13yv is a schematic plan view of a second variant of the combined spill 10 inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yt.

Figure 13yvaa is a schematic cross-section view of an embodiment of a liquid heating vessel comprising a valve arrangement in its pouring position.

Figure 13yvab is a schematic cross-section view of an embodiment of a liquid heating vessel comprising the valve arrangement of 13yvaa in an activated position. 15 Figure 13yvac is a schematic cross-section view of an embodiment of the liquid heating vessel of Figure 13o.

Figure 13yvb is a schematic front view of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yvac in an upright position.

Figure 13yvc is an exploded isometric view of Figure 13yvac illustrating the 20 combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly.

Figure 13yvd is a schematic cross-section view of the liquid heating vessel of Figure 13yvac in a pouring position.

Figure 13yve is a schematic cross-section view of the liquid heating vessel of Figure 13yvac with the valve arrangement in an activated position.

25 Figure 13yvf is a schematic front view of the vessel of Figures 13yvac to 13yve with the valve arrangement in an activated position.

Figure 13yvg is a schematic front view of the combined spill inhibiting and pressure relieving means of Figure 13yvf illustrating the position of a ball in an activated position.

Figure 13yvh is a schematic cross-section view across line Xa-Xa of Figure 13yvg 30 illustrating the position of the ball.

Figure 13yvi is a schematic front view of the vessel of Figures 13yvac to 13yve in its tipped position.

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Figure 13yvj is a schematic front view of the combined spill inhibiting and pressure relieving means of Figure 13yvi illustrating the position of the ball, water level and venting of the vessel in a tipped position.

Figure 13yvk is a schematic cross-section view across line Xa-Xa of Figure 13yvj 5 illustrating the position of the ball, water level and venting of the vessel.

Figure 13yvl is a schematic plan view illustrating the flow path of the combined spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yb incorporating the ball of Figures 13yvac to 13yvn.

Figure 13yvm is a schematic cross-section view of a variant of the chamber of 10 Figures 13yvac to 13yvk.

Figure 13yvn is a schematic cross-section view across line Xb-Xb of Figure 13yvl.

Figure 13yvo is a schematic cross-section view of a further variant of the chamber of Figures 13yvac to 13yvk.

Figure 13yvp is a schematic cross-section view of an embodiment of the combined 15 spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yvac.

Figure 13yvq is a schematic cross-section view of a variant of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yvp.

Figure 13yvr is a schematic cross-section view of a further variant of the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figure 13yvp. 20 Figure 13yvs is a schematic rear cross-sectional view of Figure 13yvac illustrating an embodiment of the steam chamber.

Figure 13yvt is an isometric view of the steam chamber of Figure 13yvs in normal use and illustrating the steam path.

Figure 13yvu is an exploded isometric view of the steam chamber of Figures 13yvs 25 and 13yvt.

Figure 13yvv is a schematic front view of the steam chamber of Figures 13yvs to 13yvu in normal use.

Figure 13yvw is a schematic front view of the steam chamber of Figures 13yvs to 13yvu in a first tipped position.

30 Figure 13yvx is a schematic front view of the steam chamber of Figures 13yvs to

13yvu in a second tipped position.

Figure 13yvy is a schematic rear cross-sectional view of Figure 13yvac illustrating a further embodiment of the steam chamber.

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Figure 13yvz is an isometric view of the steam chamber of Figure 13yvy in normal use.

Figure 13ywa is an exploded isometric view of the steam chamber of Figures 13yvy and 13yvz.

5 Figure 13ywb is a schematic isometric sectional view along line Xc-Xc of Figure

13yvz illustrating the steam path.

Figure 13ywc is a schematic isometric view of the steam chamber of Figures 13yvy to 13ywb in a first tipped position.

Figure 13ywd is a schematic isometric sectional view along line Xd-Xd of Figure

10 13ywc.

Figure 13ywe is an isometric view of a variant of the steam chamber of Figure 13yvz. Figure 13ywf is a schematic front view of the vessel with the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13yvac to 13yvk and the steam chamber of Figures 13yvs to 13yvx, illustrating the ball in an activated 15 position.

Figure 13ywg is a schematic front view of the vessel with the combined spill inhibiting, pressure relieving, filling and dispensing assembly of Figures 13yvac to 13yvk and the steam chamber of Figures 13yvs to 13yvx in its tipped position.

20 Detailed Description of the Embodiments

[40] The following description discloses innovations that individually, or in combination, with will impact upon very specific appliance designs and may also find use in alternative domestic and commercial appliances.

[41] The embodiments are presented in separate sections of this document and each of 25 these sections will include a brief introduction to the specific problem.

[42] At least some of the embodiments are improvements to the applicant's previously applied for and/or concurrent patent applications, in which case, an appropriate patent number may be provided to reference specific cases. The relevant features of the referenced patent applications are thereby incorporated by reference herein.

30 [43] In the following description, functionally similar parts carry the same reference numerals between different embodiments. The drawings are intended to be schematic, and dimensions and angles may not be determined accurately from them unless otherwise stated.

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[44] At least some of the embodiments may rely on, or refer to, the features of Figure 1 by reference to the figure reference numerals in Figure 1.

[45] Within of the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, the terms apparatus, system, means, arrangements, mechanisms and device are intended to

5 have equivalent meanings.

[46] Within of the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, the terms liquid and water are intended to have equivalent meaning.

[47] Within the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, the terms safety kettle, appliance, vessel and reservoir may have equivalent meaning.

10 [48] Within of the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, the terms part and portion are intended to have equivalent meaning.

[49] Within of the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, when describing electrical connections the terms discrete contact, contact portion and contact area are intended to have equivalent meaning.

15 [50] Within of the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, the safety kettle, appliance and vessel may function as a reservoir without the need for a separate reservoir, such as a filtering or dispensing reservoir.

[51] Within of the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, the upward and downward directions refer to the orientation of a vessel when placed upright

20 on a horizontal surface. Axial refers to the principal, normally substantially vertical axis of the vessel. Radial refers to a direction substantially orthogonal to the axial direction, but does not necessarily imply that the vessel is circular cylindrical.

[52] Within of the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, any female connector or connecting part that includes the live electrical parts will be hereon

25 referred to in the description as the socket and any male connector or connecting part that plugs into the socket will be hereon referred to as the plug.

[53] Figure 1 illustrates schematically a jug kettle with a mechanical actuator, as an example of a liquid heating appliance to which embodiments of the invention may be applied. In this example, the kettle is a cordless kettle comprising a vessel body 1 and a

30 power base 2 having respective body and base cordless connectors 3 and 4, such as 360° cordless connectors of the type described in the applicant's own patent publication W094/06285 and/or as sold by Otter Controls Ltd under, for example, the CS4/CS7 Series (power base socket) and the Al, CP7 or CP8 (appliance plug) references. The power base 2 is connectable by a power cord 13 to an electrical power outlet (not shown). Each of the

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vessel 1 and/or base 2 and/or cordless connector 3 and/or cordless connector 4 may be provided with emitters and/or detectors 31, annular seals 21 which may be optically transmissive and/or annular optically transmissive rings 41.

[54] The jug kettle may include an electro mechanical control 60, for example the 5 applicant's own A1 series integrated 360° control, or an electronic control 15. The electro mechanical control 60 may include an integral steam switch 73 or alternatively a discrete steam switch 73a may be provided, within, for example, the handle 9. The appliance may be provided with a switch actuator 305 or 305a which interacts with the control 60, for example through a known over-centre trip lever mechanism (not shown in Figure 1), to toggle 10 between operating states of the appliance. Alternatively an electronic control 15 may employ an alternative user interface 11. Either or both of the electronic control 15 and/or user interface 11 may be situated in one or both of the vessel 1 and/or base 2.

[55] The vessel body 1 comprises a reservoir 5 for containing liquid to be heated, lid 8, spout 7, handle 9 and a base section 6 having a sub-base portion 19, which forms the bottom

15 surface of the vessel body 1. The spout may provide primary venting and/or pressure equalisation. The lid 8 may be operable to open and close with a user actuator and may be secured to the vessel with a hinge, latch or other means. The lid may be securably sealed to the vessel so that the lid remains in place and does not leak liquid in the case that the appliance is tipped over.

20 [56] A steam tube 70 and steam cap 101 may be provided. The steam tube communicates from the area above the water level 225 to the steam switch 73 or 73a. The steam tube may be formed, for example as part of the handle 9 or reservoir wall 5 or as illustrated as a separate tube. In the case that the steam tube passes through the element then a suitable seal 584 and additional steam guide 599 may be provided. The vessel body 1 may be any shape 25 and formed, for example, from plastic, metal, glass or ceramic. The vessel body may comprise a single wall as illustrated or alternatively a twin wall so that, for example, the vessel may be better insulated against heat loss or to render the wall cool to the touch. [57] Liquid is heated by an element plate 12 which may form the base of the reservoir 5. The reservoir 5 of the appliance 1 may be provided with water level markings and/or other 30 features that indicate the state of the appliance 1. The element plate 12 includes a heating means and is connected to receive electrical power via the connector 3. The heating means may comprise a sheathed element 39 as illustrated or may comprise a thick film element, induction element and/or diecast element arrangement. There may be provided a heat transfer means 410 and the plate 12 may be composed of stainless steel and/or other suitable

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substrate. As illustrated the element plate 12 may be sealed into the vessel body 1 using the Easifix (RTM) sealing arrangement as described in WO-A-99/17645 or alternative sealing means may be employed, for example gluing, welding or clamping.

[58] At least some embodiments of the present invention are applicable to liquid heating 5 vessels having a heating element immersed in the water, rather than an element on the underside of the vessel.

[59] At least some embodiments of the present invention are applicable to liquid heating vessels connectable directly by a power cord rather than a cordless connector.

[60] At least some of the embodiments in the invention are applicable to kettles or heated 10 vacuum flasks and pots, blenders, irons, wasserkochers, coffee and espresso makers, juicers,

smoothie makers, pans, soup makers, sauce makers, steamers, tea makers, chocolate fountains, fondues, slow cookers, food processors, blenders, vacuum pots, milk frothers, cable reels, refrigerators, water coolers, water dispensers, hot water on demand appliances, hinge arrangements, and/or slot-in appliances. It will be appreciated that the above list is not 15 exhaustive.

[61] At least some of the embodiments in the invention are applicable to non-electrical appliances for containing hot liquid, such as pans and microwavable containers

[62] At least some of the embodiments of the invention are applicable to outdoor applications or areas of extreme dampness.

20 [63] Within of the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, the terms liquid and water are intended to have equivalent meaning.

[64] Within the statement of invention, description and claims, unless otherwise stated, the terms safety kettle, appliance, vessel and reservoir may have equivalent meaning.

[65] Within the statement of invention, description and claims the safety kettle, appliance 25 and vessel may function as a reservoir without the need for a separate reservoir, such as a filtering or dispensing reservoir.

Spill Inhibiting System for Vessels

[66] With electrical liquid heating appliances, there is a risk of spillage of hot liquid if the appliance is accidentally tipped or knocked over. Since the liquid may be at or close to

30 boiling, such spillage can cause severe scalding to the user or bystanders.

[67] There have been many proposals in the state of the art to reduce or inhibit such spillage. These solutions are generally one of three types, each of which relies on either user actuation and/or moving parts.

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i) Manual types in which, for example, liquid can only be poured out when a valve is manually released: for example, Figures 13a to 13f of W0-A-2011/101642 in which the valve is incorporated with a user operated actuator.

ii) Automatic types in which liquid can only be poured out when the appliance is in a 5 particular orientation, using one or more parts that move with the orientation of the appliance, for example, gravity. For example, Figures 15a to 21b of WO-A-2011/101642 illustrate a gravity biased valve in the form of a pendulum pivotally mounted on the vertical axis and supported by pendulum supports. The pendulum is acted on from opposite sides by respective springs so as to centre the pendulum when the appliance is upright or tipped 10 forward towards the spout. The force of the springs is sufficient to overcome any friction between the pendulum and the pendulum supports so that the pendulum is in equilibrium. A central recess in the pendulum allows liquid through the aperture into the lid chamber and subsequently through the aperture into the spout, when the appliance is tipped towards the spout for pouring.

15 iii) Inertia types in which the valve is sensitive to impact and/or rapid deceleration. For example, Figures 14a to 14d of WO-A-2011/101642 illustrate a valve seat having an inwardly projecting portion located towards the spout side of a lower lid wall, which prevents the conical valve from sliding upwards and closing the aperture when the appliance is tipped forwards for pouring. However, if the appliance is tipped forward suddenly, the 20 valve will jump past the projecting portion and seal against the upper lid sealing face. If the appliance is tipped sideways or backwards the valve member will not be engaged by the projecting portion but will seal against the upper lid sealing face, thereby closing the aperture.

[68] Very often the provision to make the appliance safe may also inhibit the easy use of 25 the appliance.

[69] The state of the art is mostly directed to domestic water boiling appliances, referred to hereafter as safety kettles.

[70] One particular problem in kettles is the need to provide pressure relief and/or venting from the appliance both in normal use (during filling and pouring and heating and cooling

30 cycles) and in abnormal conditions, for example if the appliance is tipped over. Generally the spout of the kettle acts as the primary pressure relief and venting means for steam and to accommodate expansion and contraction. In the case that the spout is sealed or partially sealed, for example to prevent spillage, a separate primary venting means is usually provided.

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[71] Another venting requirement for safety kettles is the need for pressure equalization between the reservoir and atmosphere so that for example, the water may pour freely from the reservoir.

[72] For kettles that incorporate a temperature control (for example a steam switch) 5 mounted remote from the reservoir, a steam tube may communicate between the reservoir and the steam switch and this steam tube may provide secondary venting and/or pressure equalization for the appliance.

[73] In safety kettles, the primary venting or secondary venting means may be inhibited by the spill inhibiting features and alternatively or additionally excessive water pressure may

10 result in the primary or secondary venting means ejecting heated water.

[74] In the case of a cordless kettle, the temperature difference between the heating element and the water may cause boiling to continue for a short while after the kettle is knocked over, so that pressure may also continue to build up to some degree even after the power has been disconnected.

15 [75] For example, JP-A-2008212315 discloses a manual type safety kettle with a separate venting outlet for steam. In tests of commercially available safety kettles in Japan and based on the disclosure of that patent application, boiling water spurted vigorously from the venting outlet after the kettle had been tipped onto its side.

[76] In addition, the steam pressure may force the heated water into the handle and/or the 20 sub base via the steam tube so that there is a risk of the user accidentally contacting a heated surface and/or liquid when attempting to pick up the appliance after being tipped over. Furthermore, there is the risk of excessive water contacting any electrical components that may also be housed in the handle and/or sub base.

[77] However if the heating vessel were completely closed by an interlock or valve, as for 25 example in GB-A-2272629, there is a risk that steam pressure will build up inside the vessel until it explodes.

[78] Another problem to be addressed in safety kettles and the like is the need to allow easy filling and/or pouring.

[79] The applicant's patent publication W0-A-2011/101642 discloses a number of means 30 to overcome the above problems including a commercially available system based on a moving pendulum arrangement which enables the user to pour from the safety kettle without user actuation and to provide spill inhibiting primary and/or secondary venting means.

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[80] However there is still a need to further minimise the moving parts of safety kettles that can be filled through, and/or dispensed from the spout and still provide primary and/or secondary venting means.

[81] There is also a need to save energy by reducing or eliminating spillage of heated 5 water, so that the heated water is not wasted.

[82] Each of the following embodiments, identified with reference to the drawings, may be used in isolation or in conjunction with other embodiments to provide solutions to the above problems and the inventors have illustrated embodiments of such combinations.

[83] It is evident that the full scope and combination of embodiments is extensive; 10 however it is envisaged that the skilled person, having read the description herein, will be able to transfer solutions between the embodiments to meet the specific problems of individual appliances within the scope of the present invention.

[84] Traditionally safety lids have been used in electrical portable water heating appliances such as kettles or heated vacuum flasks and pots. Additional example appliances

15 may include any appliance that requires some form of protection from the spillage of heated liquid; in which case the safety kettle embodiments subsequently described are applicable to any heated liquid appliance that is susceptible to spillage and/or being knocked over. This may include non-electrical appliances for containing hot liquid, such as pans and microwavable containers, so that the food or liquid being heated can vent safely during and 20 immediately after the cooking process without excess pressure build up and/or spillage during normal use and to prevent excessive spillage if the container is dropped or tipped over. Safety kettle embodiments with arrangements which require no moving parts are particularly suitable for food and/or microwaveable vessel applications.

[85] It is known that a water heating vessel requires head room or a void 222 above the 25 water level to accommodate the turbulence and/or expansion that may occur when the water boils. The water level 225d in the following Figures is a typical maximum level for a water heating appliance including a steam operated control and the equivalent volume is used to schematically illustrate the level of water when the appliance 1 is in a tipped position. Each of the spill inhibiting embodiments are illustrated with reference to the water level 225d 30 however the level 225d is not limiting and arrangements may be configured for appliances with alternative maximum water levels.

[86] In the following description, functionally similar parts carry the same reference numerals between different embodiments. The drawings are intended to be schematic, and dimensions and angles may not be determined accurately from them unless otherwise stated.

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[87] Embodiments will now be described using corresponding reference numerals to those of preceding Figure 1 where appropriate for corresponding elements.

[88] Figure 9a illustrates a prior art safety kettle, as described in W0-A-2011/101642, in which the lid 8 comprises a lid chamber 71, the floor of which comprises a lower lid surface

5 66. The lid 8 is removably sealed against the upper end of the reservoir 5 by a reservoir seal 63. The lid 8 including the lid chamber 71 can be removed from the reservoir 5, to allow filling or cleaning of the reservoir 5. Alternatively or additionally the lid 8 may be attached to the vessel body 1 by a hinge.

[89] The lid chamber 71 acts as a passage for liquid from the reservoir 5, which enters the 10 lid chamber 71 through an aperture 86 in the lower lid surface 66. Liquid may then be poured out from the lid chamber 71 through the spout 7.

[90] In each embodiment, the vessel body may have an outer wall 61 spaced apart from an inner wall 62, the latter forming the wall of the reservoir 5. The steam tube 70 passes through the space between the inner wall 62 and the outer wall 61, for example as described and

15 claimed in the applicant's granted patents GB-B-2365752 and CN-C-1239116. This steam tube may act as a secondary vent as previously described.

[91] The flow of liquid through the aperture 86 is governed by at least one mechanical flow management means 80, to prevent liquid from escaping from the reservoir 5 when the vessel body 1 is tipped over. The mechanical flow management means may comprise a user

20 actuator 75 or may be automatic.

[92] The spill inhibiting means in Figure 9a, as described, is positioned within the lid, however, W0-A-2011/101642 explicitly discloses the use of such systems in other parts of the appliance including the reservoir and/or the spout.

[93] US-B-6,805,266 discloses a spill prevention mechanism for a liquid-containing 25 vessel, in which a flap closes under hydrostatic pressure to seal an opening, and is magnetically latched in the closed position until manually opened.

Weir Type Pressure Relief Means

[94] Figures 12w to 12z and 13k to 13m illustrate a primary type pressure relief and pressure equalisation means that may be used with any spill inhibiting means. Each of the

30 embodiments includes at least two apertures 92 that are spaced apart on opposite sides of the vessel 1. In the tipped position at least one aperture will be above the liquid level in the vessel 1 whilst liquid is prevented from exiting the vessel 1 from any apertures 92 below the

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water level, so providing a permanent vent from the void 222 to atmosphere irrespective of the orientation of the appliance, without the need for moving parts.

[95] As illustrated and described the primary pressure relieving means 640 may be provided within a back chamber 95 of a lid 8 of a safety kettle but is equally applicable to

5 other arrangements.

[96] The back chamber 95 may be fluidly connected to the front chamber 94 by, for example, apertures 92d or 92e in the wall 693 so that any steam or pressure in the back chamber 95 is vented into the front chamber 94 and subsequently vented to the spout 7. In other embodiments the wall 693 may be truncated so that an aperture (not shown) is formed

10 between the top of the wall 693 and the top of the vessel (not shown). The back portion 95 may also communicate directly to the steam tube 70.

[97] The pressure relief means 640 comprises two conduits or channels 641, 642 that may act as weirs, whereby the first conduit or channel 641 is fluidly connected to the reservoir 5 of the vessel body 1 via the aperture 92a, whilst the other end 645 of the conduit or channel

15 641 is fluidly connected to the back chamber 95 of the lid 8. The second conduit or channel 642 is fluidly connected to the reservoir 5 of the vessel body 1 via the aperture 92b, whilst the other end 646 of the conduit or channel 642 is fluidly connected to the back chamber 95 of the lid 8.

[98] The apertures 92a and 92b are positioned opposite each other towards the perimeter 20 of the vessel, and the apertures 645, 646 are also positioned opposite of each other towards the perimeter of the vessel, such that conduits or channels 641, 642 are arranged in a manner similar to 'snorkel' tubes in an opposed arrangement.

[99] The conduits or channels 641 and 642 vent without obstruction when the vessel 1 is in the upright position.

25 [100] As illustrated in Figures 12w and 12x, with the vessel 1 tipped with the spout facing upwards and downwards respectively, the aperture 92a is above the water level 225d so no water can flow through the aperture 92a. At the same time water is able to enter the aperture 92b, however the aperture 646 is above the water level 225d, and there is insufficient 'head' of pressure to raise the water level in the conduit or channel 642 as high as the aperture 646. 30 [101] Any excess steam pressure generated in the void 222 whilst the vessel 1 is in the tipped position enters the conduit or channel 641 via the aperture 92a and is relieved into the back chamber 95 via the aperture 645 as indicated by the arrow 634. As previously described the pressure may then vent into the front chamber 94 and out of the spout 7 or other exit to atmosphere.

20

[102] Conversely the venting means 640 functions in a similar manner if the vessel 1 is tipped facing the other way so that the aperture 92a is below the water level 225d and the aperture 92b is above the water level 225d.

[103] Each of the conduits or channels 641 and 642 may be provided with a plurality of 5 baffles 6471 in a staggered arrangement so that any water entering the conduits or channels

641, 642 as the vessel 1 is tipped over is restricted thus helping prevent water spurting through the apertures 645 or 646 as the water inside the vessel 1 settles into equilibrium. The baffles may also act to cool the liquid down in the case that water is at boiling point.

[104] Other methods or materials to reduce the velocity of the water, the temperature of the 10 water and/or act as a tortuous path, for example gauze, may be placed in the conduits or channels 641, 642 instead of, or in addition to, the baffles 6471.

[105] As illustrated the inlets 92a and 92b are staggered so that they are not diametrically opposite each other and therefore one of the inlets may be comparatively proportionally higher above the water level than the other when in the tipped position. This may be

15 alleviated in other embodiments by placing the conduits or channels 641, 642 above each other rather than side by side.

[106] At least one part of the conduits or channels 641, 642 may be formed as part of the lid or vessel moulding with a separate lid moulding (not shown).

[107] Figures 12y and 12z illustrate an alternative embodiment whereby the conduits 641, 20 642 are preformed tubes that function in a similar manner to the previously described embodiments.

[108] Each of the conduits or preformed tubes 641, 642 and/or walls 693 may be arranged substantially straight as illustrated in Figures 12w and 12x or substantially arcuate as illustrated in Figures 12y and 12z . The preformed tubes 641, 642 may be positioned side by

25 side or substantially one above the other.

[109] Each of the previously described pressure relief and pressure equalisation means may be placed in the vessel body and/or the lid assembly.

[110] In each of the previously described pressure relief and pressure equalisation systems the inlets 92 may be positioned at the lowest part of the assembly so that any water that

30 enters the chamber during the tipped position may drain back into the vessel 1 when the vessel 1 is returned to the upright position.

[HI] This and subsequent embodiments may be used in conjunction with any liquid heating appliance that may require venting in different orientations and/or with any

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mechanical and/or automatic spill inhibiting pouring and filling means as previously described in W0-A-2011/101642.

Weir Type Filling and Pressure Relief Means

[112] Figure 13k illustrates a further embodiment of a weir type safety lid 8 in which the 5 user can intuitively fill the vessel without opening the lid 8.

[113] This embodiment includes a variant of the pressure relieving means illustrated in Figures 12w and 12x, whereby the front aperture 92a of the pressure relieving means is enlarged so that it can be used as combined vent and aperture for filling the vessel 1.

[114] The user is able to fill up the vessel 1 when the lid is closed, via the aperture 155 10 provided on the lid 8. The base 66 in the front portion 94 of the lid 8 is inclined such that the liquid is directed towards the back portion 95. An aperture 92d is provided between the front and back portions 94, 95 so that water may flow towards the aperture 92a via the conduit or channel 641. The aperture 92c between the back chamber 95 of the lid 8 and the steam chamber 116 is positioned above the base 66 of the lid such that liquid does not enter the 15 steam chamber 116 when the vessel 1 is being filled.

[115] Figure 131 illustrates a plan view of the embodiment shown in Figure 13k. The conduit or channel 641 and its aperture 92a that is located nearest to the spout 7 are substantially larger than the conduit or channel 641 and its respective aperture 92a in the previous embodiments. The conduits or channels 641 and 642 will be arranged as previously

20 described so that either will act as a vent if the vessel 1 is tipped on its side. The apertures 92a and 92b are illustrated as circular; however the shape can be optimised so that the apertures are closer to the periphery of the vessel. Furthermore the conduits or channels 641 and 642 may also include baffles 6471 as previously illustrated that may be configured to extend along the top and partially down the side of the conduit or channel 641 to restrict the 25 flow of water when the appliance is on its side but still leave the base of the lid 66 free from restriction for filling when the vessel 1 is upright.

[116] Baffles 647k, for example as illustrated in Figure 13m to 13mb, may also be provided on the reservoir side of the apertures 92a and 92b so that they may inhibit turbulent and standing liquid entering the aperture 92a, 92b when the vessel 1 is tipped on its side without

30 inhibiting the depressurising means and the flow of liquid when the appliance is stood upright and/or in the filling and pouring positions. The baffles 647k may comprise an elongate rib or wall 691 which may substantially surround each of the apertures 92a, 92b and may include a gap 692 on the side closest to the perimeter of the reservoir 5 as illustrated in

22

Figure 13m. This arrangement may prevent turbulent water entering the apertures 92a, 92b from the side when the appliance is in a tipped position. Alternatively as illustrated in the plan view of Figure 13mb the rib 691 may extend substantially towards the perimeter of the reservoir 5 which may help prevent turbulent water entering the apertures 92a, 92b from 5 above the level of the apertures 92a, 92b. The baffles 647k as illustrated in Figures 13ma and 13mb may be provided with an end cap 690 which may prevent turbulent water entering the apertures 92a, 92b through the end of the baffles 647k. Advantageously the aperture 92f formed as part of this arrangement may provide a substantially equivalent cross sectional area as the aperture 92a so that the flow of the aperture 92a is not restricted. Additionally as 10 illustrated in Figure 13mb, the end cap 690 in conjunction with rib 691 may form a further channel with the edge 689 acting as a weir when the appliance is in a tipped position so that the apertures 92f, 92g are closer to the perimeter of the reservoir 5 than the apertures 92a, 92b (as indicated by the arrow 634). As illustrated in 13n this arrangement provides a greater margin between the water level 225d and the resultant apertures 92f, 92g than the previous 15 apertures 92a, 92b. In additional embodiments alternative forms and/or shapes of baffles 647k and end caps 690 may be employed that fall within the scope of the invention. For example, the edge 689 of the lid 690 may be parallel to the level of the water 225d when in a tipped position so that the margin between the water level 225d and apertures 92f, 92g may be further improved.

20 [117] The baffles 647k may also provide the opportunity to increase the water level 225d in the appliance 1, for example for appliances with a lower volume void 222.

[118] The lid aperture 155 may include a skirt 120 or other baffling means which may restrict water exiting the lid when the vessel is in a tipped position.

[119] This embodiment may be provided with an actuator mechanism for pouring from, 25 and opening of the lid, if required, as previously described in WO-A-2011/101642.

Weir Type Filling, Pouring and/or Pressure Relief Means

[120] In the prior art, it has been counter intuitive to propose primary venting through the spout 7 of a safety kettle during the tipped position however the inventors have challenged the pre conception and have discovered that this is the key to solving the problem of

30 providing spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving and/or venting means, dispensing means and filling means without the need for user actuation of the appliance 1 and minimising the need for moving parts.

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[121] The innovative spill inhibiting system including the above features may be provided as a kit of parts or preferably within a discrete manifold. For the purposes of the description the term manifold will be used to cover both the manifold and/or the kit of parts.

[122] Figures 13o to 13yih show further embodiments of the invention, in which each of 5 the spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving and/or venting means, dispensing means and filling means may be provided within a manifold type assembly 635.

[123] The manifold 635 is provided with at least one liquid communication means 633 between the reservoir 5 and the spout 7 that may act to fill, dispense from and/or vent the reservoir 5 depending upon the state of the appliance 1.

10 [124] The liquid communication means indicated by an arrow 633 may take the form of horizontal, vertical or inclined channels or conduits 682 with apertures 632 located within the manifold 635 and may be formed from a series of baffles 647.

[125] Advantageously the manifold 635 may provide each of the spill inhibiting means, pressure relieving means, dispensing means and filling means, as demanded in each state of 15 the appliance 1, without the need for user actuation and/or moving parts; so that the appliance 1 may be filled, emptied and vented through the spout 7 in normal use and the manifold is able to inhibit the flow of liquid through the spout 7 and is able provide sufficient pressure relief and/or venting when the appliance 1 is tipped over and/or when resting on its side.

20 [126] Alternatively, the manifold 635 may only provide spill inhibiting means and dispensing and/or filling means, and pressure relieving means may be provided by some other arrangement, possibly involving one or more moving parts, such as one or more pressure relief valves. The pressure relief valve(s) may be as described herein and/or in WO-A-2011/101642.

25 [127] In some applications, such as where liquid is heated only to below boiling point, pressure relieving means may be omitted altogether.

[128] As previously disclosed, a water heating vessel may require head room or void 222 above the water level to accommodate the turbulence that occurs when the water boils. The water level 225d is a typical maximum level for a water heating appliance of this type and

30 the equivalent volume is used to schematically illustrate the level of water when the appliance 1 is in a tipped position.

[129] As previously described one area for consideration in a liquid heating appliance is the provision of pressure relief and/or venting from the void 222 both in normal use during heating and cooling and in each orientation of the tipped position, if for example excessive

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heat in the element causes overboil when tipped. In the description of Figures 13o to 13ywd this pressure relief and/or venting of the appliance will be referred to as primary venting and may be indicated by an arrow 634 in the Figures.

[130] Figure 13o illustrates a schematic cross-section view of the liquid heating appliance 1 5 including a manifold 635, which is positioned within the envelope of the appliance 1 between the liquid to be heated and the spout 7. The manifold 635 may comprise a first part 678 which includes a plurality of baffles 647 which in cooperation with the second part 679 provide a plurality of liquid channels 682, accessed by apertures 632, within the manifold 635 to communicate between the reservoir 5 and the spout 7.

10 [131] Preferably at least the inlet aperture 632 to one of the channels 682 is provided towards the front of the appliance 1 so that the corresponding channel 682 may substantially empty the reservoir 5 during the dispensing process.

[132] Preferably at least one aperture 632 to one of the channels 682 is substantially coplanar to the spout at the extreme of the pouring process so that the channel 682 may

15 substantially empty the reservoir 5 during the dispensing process.

[133] Preferably at least one of the apertures 632 to one of the channels 682 may be positioned below the spout 7 so that all the water entering the spout 7 during the filling process enters the reservoir 5 during the filling process.

[134] The following Figures 13q to 13tda are illustrated with reference to manifold 635i 20 however each of the described assembly and/or securing arrangements may be applicable to alternative manifolds, for example, the later described manifolds 635ii to 635vi.

[135] Figure 13p is a schematic isometric cutaway section view of Figure 13o illustrating the first part 678 of a manifold 635i. The manifold 635i includes apertures 632a (towards the bottom) and a further aperture 632b (towards the top) each of which communicate, via the

25 respective channels 682a and 682b, with the aperture 698 (towards the centre) so that the reservoir 5 may have liquid communication with the spout 7.

[136] Preferably the apertures 632a, 632b may be respectively positioned at lower and upper corners of the manifold 635i in an opposed arrangement and may be formed from either or a combination of both the first and second parts 678 and 679. As previously

30 described the aperture 698 is located substantially towards the central portion of the first part 678 in line with at least the lower portion of the spout 7. Baffles 647a to 647e are formed on the first part 678 and are arranged in a staggered arrangement. The baffles 647a and 647b are positioned above the aperture 698, whilst the baffles 647c, 647d and 647e are positioned below the aperture 698.

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[137] In normal use the reservoir 5 may be filled and emptied via the channel 682a as illustrated by the arrow 633 and during the heating process the excess pressure and/or steam may vent along the flow path 634. The aperture 632b may also provide the primary pressure relief and venting 634 for the reservoir during the filling and dispensing process and,

5 advantageously, as the appliance 1 is tipped forward, and the dispensing angle increases, the top aperture 632b and associated channel 682b may also act as an additional means to empty the reservoir 5.

[138] In alternative applications where the manifold is not required to vent the vessel, only one channel may be provided so as to inhibit spillage and allow filling and/or emptying.

10 [139] In each of the embodiments the apertures 632 may be positioned in the most appropriate place to suit the appliance type for example, at the back to improve the flow of water during the dispensing means and/or at the side to improve the spill inhibiting means and it is expected that in some case there will be conflict and so a compromise position may be chosen. The position of the apertures may also vary from appliance to appliance for 15 example the aperture 632 position for a flat fronted appliance 1 may have different considerations than for a circular vessel 1.

[140] Examples of various aperture 632 positions and appliance types are illustrated and unless otherwise stated are not limiting to the invention.

[141] Figure 13q is an exploded isometric view of Figure 13o illustrating the assembly of 20 the manifold 635i.

[142] The manifold 635i may comprise of first and second parts 678 and 679 secured together, such that channels 682a and 682b are formed.

[143] The manifold 635i may be manufactured from any suitable material, for example plastic, metal or a combination of both.

25 [144] The manifold 635i may be discrete and may be secured to the appliance 1 preassembled or alternatively the components of the manifold 635i may be secured sequentially as the appliance 1 is assembled. Securing means/methods for the assembly of the manifold 635i and/or for attaching the manifold 635i to the appliance 1 may include (but is not limited to) any or a combination of gluing, snap-fittings, frictional fittings, welding, 30 brazing, clamping, riveting and/or screw fixing. Securing means may be provided on each or any parts of the appliance 1 and/or manifold 635i, for example reciprocal ribs 401 may be provided on the appliance 1 to secure or index the manifold 635i within the appliance 1. In further arrangements (not shown) selective overlapping baffles and/or reciprocating ribs (not shown) may be formed on either or both of the first and second parts 678 and 679. In

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arrangements where there is liquid communication between adjacent parts for example the aperture 698 of the manifold 635 and the spout 7 then a sealing means 685 for example a gasket may be provided. Alternatively or additionally, the manifold 635 may be sealingly secured.

5 [145] Figure 13s illustrates an exploded isometric view of an alternative arrangement of an embodiment in which the baffles 647a to 647e are formed on the second part 679 whilst the aperture 698 is provided on the first part 678. The manifold 635i may then be secured to the appliance 1 by a similar method as previously described.

[146] Alternatively, as illustrated in Figures 13t to 13tda the manifold 635i may be 10 provided as part of, or in combination with, other parts of the appliance including, but not limited to, the reservoir 5, spout 7, or lid 8.

[147] As shown in Figure 13t the reservoir 5 or appliance 1 wall may act as the first part 678 and the baffles 647a to 647e may be formed on either the appliance 1 or the second part 679. The second part 679 may then be directly secured to the appliance 1 by any of the

15 previously described securing means. Reciprocating ribs and/or securing means 401 may be provided on the inner wall of appliance 1 as previously described and illustrated.

[148] Figure 13ta illustrates a further variant in which the manifold 635i is provided with a full or partial spout 677 which may then nest within the spout 7 of the appliance 1. Advantageously this may improve the flow of liquid from the manifold 635 in normal use;

20 additionally the spout 677 may act as an indexing or fixture means and may be sealed or secured against the spout 7.

[149] Figure 13tb illustrates a further variant in which the appliance spout 7 is provided entirely as part of the manifold 635i. A corresponding aperture 684 may be provided within the appliance 1. A slotted rib or other corresponding securing means (not shown) may be

25 provided in either and/or both of the manifold 635i and the spout aperture 684 to assist with the assembly, securing and/or sealing in this area.

[150] Either of the arrangements of Figures 13ta and 13tb may be particularly suitable for metal vessels whereby the spout 7 of manifold 653i may be secured to the appliance 1 by known techniques including brazing.

30 [151] Figure 13tc shows a further arrangement whereby the manifold 635i may be provided as part of an assembly 685 that may include a steam channel or chamber 640i and that may be positioned between the reservoir 5 and the lid 8 and supported by and secured to/within the top part of the reservoir 5. The assembly 685 may be installed during the manufacturing process or may be provided as a separate component, so that for example the user may have

27

the option of using the appliance with or without the manifold 635i. The manifold may include a spout 677 as previously described.

[152] Figure 13td is a further variant in which the features of the manifold 635i are provided within a complete lid assembly.

5 [153] Figure 13tda is a further variant in which the manifold 635i is provided partially within the lid 8 and partially below the lid 8. This arrangement enables the aperture 698 and/or spout 677 to be provided within the depth of the lid assembly 8.

[154] A seal 110 may be provided around the part of the lid 8 that interfaces with the appliance 1.

10 [155] Advantageously the manifold 635i arrangements as illustrated in Figures 13tc to 13tda are particularly suitable for retrofitting into existing liquid heating appliances. [156] The arrangement of 13tda is particularly advantageous for retrofitting into known safety type water heating appliances to replace the existing mechanical and/or user actuated spill inhibiting means.

15 [157] In this and each embodiment a filter housing 740 including, for example, a mesh filter 652 may be provided between the spout 7 and the manifold 635 or as part of the manifold 635. In further embodiments (not shown) each of the apertures 632 may also be provided with a filter means.

[158] Figure 13r is a schematic cutaway cross section of the manifold 635i in an upright 20 position. Where applicable, this illustration type will be employed in the subsequent description to further explain the relationship between the apertures 632a and 632b, the baffles 647a to 647e, the channels 682a and 682b and the water level 225 when the appliance 1 is in a tipped position.

[159] In all embodiments of the invention, means may be provided to enhance the flow of 25 liquid through the conduits and channels, for example internal and external radii 639 as illustrated in Figures 13r, 13xi and 13xya.

[160] In all embodiments external baffles 647j may be provided in front of or around the apertures 632 to, for example, inhibit turbulent water entering the channels 682 in both normal use and in a tipped over position.

30 [161] In the case that the appliance 1 includes a steam switch 73, or other temperature control, in fluid connection with the reservoir 5, then the appliance 1 may also include at least one weir type steam channel or chamber arrangement 640, positioned within or above the void 222 (as previously described with reference to, for example, figure 12x).

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[162] Whereas the steam chamber 640 may provide some secondary venting for the reservoir 5 unless otherwise stated the reservoir 5 relies upon the spout 7 for the primary venting.

[163] Figure 13u to figure 13w illustrate the steam chamber 640i to 640iii which may 5 comprise first and second parts 637, 638.

[164] Figure 13u is an exploded perspective rear sectional view of the appliance 1 illustrating the steam chamber 640i in situ (for clarity, the second part 638 is omitted).

[165] The first part 637 may include an outer wall 683 and a baffle 647g which in combination with the second part 638 form a substantially 'U' shaped channel 682c and

10 apertures 632c and 632d. For clarification, the expression 'U' shaped referred herein is specific to the flow path of the channel 682c and not the cross section of the channel 682c. With the aperture 632c in direct fluid communication with the void 222 of the reservoir 5 and the aperture 632d in direct fluid communication with the steam switch 73 (not shown) or steam tube (not shown).

15 [166] Figures 13w to 13wb respectively illustrate cross sections through 3 variants of the steam chamber 640. The forms and shape of Figures 13w to 13wb variants are not limiting to the scope of the invention.

[167] Fig 13w illustrates the aperture 632c facing towards the spout; Figure 13wa illustrates the aperture 632c facing towards the rear of the reservoir and Figure 13wb towards the side

20 of the reservoir 5.

[168] Figure 13wb illustrates an elongate steam chamber 640 which extends closer to the periphery of the reservoir 5 as later described.

[169] Each of the apertures 632c may be provided with baffles 647k (for example as illustrated in figure 13m ) or baffles 647j as schematically illustrated in figure 13r to inhibit

25 turbulent or standing liquid entering the steam chamber 640i. Each of the channels 682c may be provided with a labyrinth of baffles 6471 to inhibit the flow of any liquid that may enter the steam chamber 640i when the appliance is in a tipped position.

[170] Preferably the baffles 6471 in the channel 682c are positioned above the lower plane of the steam chamber 640i so as not to form an obstruction to liquid draining out of the

30 channel 682 when the appliance 1 is in an upright position.

[171] In each of the embodiments, as illustrated in Figure 13wb, the baffles 6471 may be angled or chamfered so that they inhibit incoming liquid. Advantageously this arrangement may aid the flow of liquid draining from the channel 682c.

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[172] In further arrangements the first portion of the steam chamber may be made wider so that a greater volume of liquid can be contained in that area.

[173] Whilst Figure 13o illustrates the steam chamber arrangement 640 being substantially parallel to the water level 225d, in further embodiments the steam chamber 640 may be

5 positioned at a gradient to improve the drainage back into the reservoir 5 when the appliance 1 is returned to an upright position.

[174] In further embodiments the U shaped channel 682c may be provided as part of or in combination with other parts of the appliance 1 including, but not limited to, the reservoir 5, or lid 8. Alternatively the U shaped channel 682c may be formed from a tube or conduit.

10 [175] Fixture and securing of the steam chamber 640i to or with the appliance 1 may be as previously described for the manifold 635.

[176] In all embodiments either the steam chamber 640 and/or the manifold 635 may be formed from a single moulding process, for example blow moulding.

[177] Figures 13x, 13xb, 13xd and 13xf illustrate schematic front views of the section 15 through the appliance 1 of Figure 13o lying on its side in four different orientations. In

Figures 13x and 13xd, the spout 7 faces upward towards the left and in Figures 13xb and 13xf the spout 7 faces downward towards the left.

[178] The appliance 1 includes a manifold 635i and a steam chamber 640i.

[179] As previously disclosed some appliances may not include a steam operated control in 20 which case the steam chamber 640i will not be required however the principles of the manifold 635i are applicable for any liquid appliance with and without the steam chamber 640i.

[180] The top views of Figures 13x, 13xb, 13xd and 13xf clearly illustrate the active function of the steam chamber 640i in preventing liquid exiting the steam chamber 640i via

25 the aperture 632d. However this same top view cannot easily illustrate the active functions of the manifold 635i; hence additional corresponding Figures 13xa, 13xc, 13xe and 13xg have been provided to schematically illustrate the respective functions of the apertures 632a, 632b and 698, the baffles 647a to 647e and the channels 682a and 682b of the manifold 635i in the respective tipped positions of Figures 13x, 13xb, 13xd and 13xf.

30 [181] Whereas in normal use the various channels of the steam chamber 640i and manifold 635i are employed in pouring filling and steam venting these same channels may now act as weirs and primary venting means when the appliance is in a tipped position. [182] As previously described the water level 225d is illustrative of a water heating appliance filled to its maximum level.

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[183] It should also be noted that the Figures are schematic and are provided solely to illustrate the basic concepts of the embodiments. The concepts are applicable to a wide range of appliance designs and shapes as such the invention is not limited by the dimensions and forms of the Figures.

5 [184] Figures 13x and 13xa illustrate the appliance 1 with the spout 7 facing upwards and towards the left.

[185] As illustrated in Figure 13x although the aperture 632c of the steam chamber 640i is below the water level 225d, the free end 648 of the baffle 647g is above the water level 225b. As such a weir is formed and the water is unable to flow through the U bend of the steam

10 chamber 640i. Baffles 647j, 647k and 6471 as previously described may be provided to help prevent against turbulence forcing the water beyond the level 225d.

[186] It can also be seen in Figure 13x that the aperture 632b of the manifold 635i is below the water level 225d whilst the aperture 632a and the free ends 648 of baffles 647b and 647e are above the water level 225d.

15 [187] Figure 13xa schematically illustrates the function of the manifold 635i in the same orientation of Figure 13x. The aperture 632b is below the water level, however the free end 648 of the baffle 647b forms a weir above the water level 225d and so prevents water from exiting the channel 682b and entering the central area of the manifold 635i which houses the aperture 698. As such liquid is prevented from exiting the spout 7.

20 [188] The aperture 632a is in an opposed corner of the manifold 635 and the liquid level is below the free end 648 of the baffle 647e as such liquid is unable to enter the channel 682a. Advantageously the elevated position of 632a enables the channel 682a to act as the primary vent for the appliance as indicated by the arrow 634.

[189] Likewise, when the water cools and contracts, pressure is equalised within the 25 appliance 1 via the same primary venting means 634.

[190] Figures 13xb and 13xc illustrate the appliance 1 facing in the same direction as Figures 13x and 13xa, with the spout 7 facing downward. In this case the free end 648 of the steam tube 640i is elevated further above the water level 225d and so has a greater margin of safety than previously. Conversely the manifold 635i is now lower, as such the water level

30 225d around the manifold 635i is higher; however, water remains unable to flow past the free end 648 of the channel 682b and is therefore still unable to enter the central part of the manifold 635i. Additionally the water level remains below the aperture 632a in which case the channel 682a continues to act as the primary vent for the appliance as previously described and indicated by the arrow 634.

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[191] Figures 13xd to 13xg illustrate the appliance 1 with the spout 7 facing towards the right. In these arrangements the steam chamber 640i and manifold 635i are turned through 180° compared to Figures 13x to 13xc in which case each part of the steam chamber 640i and manifold 635i may have a different function: for example channels, that were weirs, may

5 now be primary venting means and vice versa.

[192] As illustrated in Figure 13xd the free end 648 of the wall 647f of the steam chamber 640i acts as a weir so that the aperture 632c of the steam chamber is above the water level 225d and water is unable to enter the aperture 632c.

[193] It can also be seen in Figure 13xd that the aperture 632a of the manifold 635i is now 10 below the water level 225d whilst the aperture 632a and the free ends 648 of baffles 647a and 647d are now above the water level 225d.

[194] Figure 13xe schematically illustrates the function of the manifold 635i in the same orientation of Figure 13xd. The aperture 632a is below the water level, however, the free end 648 of the baffle 647d now forms a weir above the water level 225d and so prevents water

15 from exiting the channel 682a and entering the central area of the manifold 635i which houses the aperture 698. As such liquid is prevented from exiting the spout 7.

[195] The aperture 632b is in an opposed corner of the manifold 635 and the liquid level is now below the free end 648 of the baffle 647e as such liquid is unable to enter the channel 682b. The elevated position of 632a now enables the channel 682b to act as the primary vent

20 for the appliance 1 as indicated by the arrow 634.

[196] Likewise, when the water cools and contracts, pressure is equalised within the appliance 1 via the same primary venting means 634.

[197] Figures 13xf and 13xg illustrate the appliance 1 facing in the same direction as Figures 13xd and 13xe, with the spout 7 facing downward. In this case the aperture 632c of

25 the steam tube 640i is elevated further above the water level 225d and so has a greater margin of safety than previously. Conversely the manifold 635i is now lower, as such the water level 225d around the manifold 635i is higher; however water remains unable to flow past the free end 648 of the channel 682a and is therefore still unable to enter the central part of the manifold 635i. Additionally the water level remains below the aperture 632b in which 30 case the channel 682b continues to act as the primary vent for the appliance as previously described and indicated by the arrow 634.

[198] In which case it can be seen that the manifold 635i may act as respective spill inhibiting and primary venting in each orientation and the steam chamber 640i may act as spill inhibiting means in both directions.

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[199] Unless otherwise stated each of the following embodiments will be illustrated in one of the previously illustrated angle of orientation of Figures 13x, 13xb, 13xd and 13xf.

[200] Figures 13xh and 13xi illustrate a further arrangement of manifold 635i in which free ends 648 of baffles 647a to 647e are extended such that the apertures 632a and 632b can now

5 be located on the sides of the manifold 635i. In which case the apertures 632a and 632b are substantially higher above the water level 225d in the tipped position than the embodiment of Figures 13xb and 13xc without substantially increasing the size or mass of the manifold 635i. The embodiment of Figures 13xh and 13xi may allow the appliance 1 to have a larger water carrying capacity or allow the tipping angle of the appliance 1 to be increased whilst 10 still inhibiting spillage from the appliance 1.

[201] In addition, Figure 13xi illustrates the fixed ends of the each baffle 647a to 647e having a series of radii 639 which may improve the flow during filling and dispensing from the appliance 1. Alternatively, the surface of the baffles 647a to 647e may be tapered (not shown) to improve flow during filling or dispensing.

15 [202] Figure 13xj illustrates an exploded isometric view of a further variant of the manifold 635i, in which only two baffles 647c, 647d are provided below the aperture 698 to reduce the material content and so reduce manufacturing costs.

[203] In this embodiment, the central portion of the manifold 635i has been narrowed in order to:

20 a. Further reduce the material content;

b. Increase the water carry capacity of the reservoir 5; and/or c. Reduce the visual size of the manifold 635e.

[204] Figure 13xk illustrates a front view of the appliance 1 with the manifold 635i of Figure 13xj in a tipped position and the spout 7 facing downwards with Figure 13x1

25 illustrating a schematic front view of the manifold 635i.

[205] The manifold 635i functions substantially as previously described and illustrated for figures 13x to 13xi.

[206] In this and each of the other embodiments the manifold 635i may be made wider so that the apertures are higher above the water level 225d. Extending the manifold in a circular

30 appliance in such a manner may inhibit the dispensing in which case this arrangement may be more suitable for appliances with a front part that is less curved as illustrated in figure

I3yj.

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[207] In the case that the water level 225d of the appliance 1 is increased then a wider steam chamber, for example, 640iii may be employed to prevent water exiting via aperture 632d.

[208] In further embodiments where space is at a premium the manifold 635i may be 5 configured with only the upper channel 632b (as illustrated in Figure 13yr and Figure 13ys).

[209] This configuration will inhibit the ability to fill and via the spout 7 and therefore may only be used with removable lid appliances.

[210] This configuration may also inhibit the ability to provide primary venting in all orientations in which case an additional conduit 681 (as described herein with reference to

10 Figure 13xu and 13xv) may be provided.

[211] Figures 13xm to 13xo illustrate schematic exploded isometric and cross section views of the manifold 635ii, wherein the manifold 635ii may comprise first, second and third portions 678, 679, 680 respectively.

[212] As illustrated the first part 678 includes the aperture 698, the second part 679 15 includes a baffle 647h facing in one direction and the third part 680 includes a baffle 647i facing in an opposing direction to the baffle 647h. Two elongate apertures 632e and 632f may be formed between the parts 678 and 679 and an elongate channel 682e communicates between the apertures 632e to 698.

[213] Aperture 632e is within the reservoir 5 and aperture 698 is positioned towards the 20 opening of the spout 7.

[214] In normal use the channel 682e provides the means to fill and pour and also provides the primary venting means

[215] Figures 13xp to 13xs are schematic front views of the appliance 1 with the manifold 635ii in the four different orientations as previously described and illustrated with reference

25 to Figures 13x, 13xb, 13xd and 13xf respectively.

[216] Whereas the channels 682a and 682b were horizontal in embodiments of manifold 635i, the channels are vertical in embodiment of manifold 635ii in which case the channels may be viewed from above and there is no requirement for a second schematic Figure to explain the spill inhibiting features.

30 [217] In figures 13xp and 13xq the aperture 632e is above the water level 225d; as such no water may enter the channel 682a and the channel 682e may act as the primary vent as indicated by the arrow 634. The steam chamber functions as previously described in Figures 13x and 13xb.

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[218] In figures 13xr and 13xs the aperture 632e is below the water level 225d, however the baffle 647h forms a weir within the channel 682e and as previously described water is prevented from exiting the aperture 698.

[219] However in the orientations of figures 13xr and 13xs the manifold 635ii is unable to 5 provide the primary venting and therefore relies upon the steam chamber 640i as indicated by the arrow 634.

[220] Figure 13xt illustrates a further embodiment of manifold 635ii in which the apertures are provided on the end of the manifold as previously described, for example, with reference to Figure 13xh.

10 [221] It is preferable, but not limiting, that the primary venting means is provided through the spout 7 and Figures 13xu to 13xza illustrate a variant of manifold 635ii in which an additional conduit or channel 681 is provided to vent from the reservoir 5, through the manifold 635ii and out of the aperture 698 (as indicated by the arrow 634) when the aperture 632e is beneath the water level 225d.

15 [222] The conduit or channel 681 may be provided as part of the manifold 635ii or as a separate component.

[223] Preferably the additional conduit 681 is provided towards the top of the manifold so that it is above the water level 225d in normal use and may provide additional dispensing means in the pouring position.

20 [224] The conduit 681 communicates from the side of the manifold 635ii opposed to the aperture 632e and enters the manifold 635ii within the channel 682f formed between the first part 678 and second part 679. As illustrated the conduit 681 may be in contact with the elongate aperture 632e and may marginally restrict the aperture at the point of contact.

[225] Figures 13xw to 13xza illustrate the function of the new embodiment of the manifold 25 635ii. Other than this marginal restriction of the conduit 681 the channel 682e functions as previously described.

[226] In the tipped positions of Figures 13xw and 13xy the aperture 632i of the conduit 681 is below the water level 225d, however the free end of the baffle 647i acts as a weir to prevent water entering the area of aperture 698.

30 [227] In the tipped position of Figures 13xz and 13xza the aperture 632i is above the water level and acts as a primary vent as indicated by the arrow 634. In which case the steam chamber 640i is not required to function as the primary venting means.

[228] In further embodiments where space is at a premium the manifold 635i (as illustrated in figure 13yr) may be configured so that the weir is positioned above the aperture 698

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[229] This configuration will inhibit the ability to fill and via the spout 7 and therefore may only be suitable with removable lid appliances.

[230] This configuration may also inhibit the ability to provide primary venting in all orientations in which case an additional conduit 681 (as previously described with reference

5 to Figure 13xu and 13xv) may be provided.

Weir Type Filling, Pouring and Pressure Relief Means in the Lid

[231] Figures 13y to 13yid illustrate a further embodiment of the manifold 635iii in which the filling, pouring and primary venting are provided within the depth of the lid 8 of the appliance 1.

10 [232] As illustrated in the exploded view 13y the lid assembly 8 may include a top part 157, a steam chamber 640i, a middle portion 158 that may include the manifold 635iii and the apertures 698, 632j, 632o and a bottom part 66 that may include apertures 632k, 6321 and 632p.

[233] Parts or all of each of the above mentioned components may be moulded as part of an 15 adjacent component.

[234] The void 222 may communicate with the steam tube 70 via the middle part 158 through the apertures 632o and 632j and steam chamber 640i. The steam chamber 640i is configured and positioned as previously disclosed and will not be further described.

[235] The manifold may be configured on two levels. The aperture 698 which 20 communicates directly with spout 7 (which may include a spigot 677) is positioned on the upper level and the apertures 632k and 6321 which communicate with the reservoir 5 may be provided on the lower level.

[236] The apertures 632k and 6321 may be positioned at a distance either side of the aperture 698 on the outer perimeter of the bottom part of the lid assembly 8.

25 [237] An upper platform 686 may be provided beneath the spout which communicates via sloping platforms 687k and 6871 to the respective apertures 632k and 6321.

[238] Channels 682k and 6821 may be discrete conduits or may be formed in combination with the outer perimeter of the middle portion 158, the top portion 157, the bottom portion 66, the apertures 698, 632k and 6321, the upper platform 686, the inclined platform 687 and

30 the baffles 647k, 6471 and 647m.

[239] As illustrated in Figure 13ya the water is filled and dispensed through both the channels 682k and 6821 as indicated by the flow path arrows 633.

36

[240] The front portion of the baffle 647K may include radii 639 that may act to assist in combining the flow of water prior to dispensing and divide the flow of water when filling.

[241] The apertures 632k and 6321 may be positioned partially or wholly beneath the upper platform 686 and as such are substantially obscured in Figure 13ya.

5 [242] Figures 13yb to 13yc schematically illustrate the flow path of channel 6821 from the aperture 6321, up the inclined platform 6871 around the combined free end 648 of the baffles 647k and 6471 along the upper platform 686 and out of the aperture 698 as also indicated by the arrow 633.

[243] Conversely Figures 13yd and 13ye schematically illustrates the water flow path of 10 channel 682k from the aperture 632k, up the inclined platform 687k around the free end 648

of the baffle 647k along the upper platform 686 and out of the aperture 698 as indicated by the arrow 633.

[244] During normal use the primary venting follows the same path as the arrow 633.

[245] Figures 13yf to 13yi illustrate the manifold of 635iii when the appliance is in a tipped 15 position.

[246] In figures 13yf and 13yg the aperture 6321 is below the water level however the combined free end 648 of the baffles 647k and 6471 acts as a weir to prevent water entering the area of the aperture 698, whilst the aperture 832k is above the water level and the channel 682k acts as the primary vent as indicated by the arrow 634.

20 [247] Conversely in figures 13yh and 13yi the aperture 632k is below the water level however the combined free end 648 of the baffles 647k acts as a weir to prevent water entering the area of the aperture 698, whilst the aperture 6321 is above the water level and the channel 6821 acts as the primary vent as indicated by the arrow 634.

[248] In further embodiments, baffles 647k as illustrated in drawings 13m, 13ma and 13mb 25 may be added to the underside of the lid to further improve the spill inhibiting means.

[249] Figure 13yia illustrates a further embodiment in which the bottom portion 66 of the lid 8 is provided with a ramp 694. The ramp 694 is located on the periphery of the lid 8 in front of the apertures 6321 and 632k and is used to direct water towards the apertures 6321 and 632k during the dispensing process. Advantageously, as the appliance 1 is tipped

30 forward, and the dispensing angle increases, the ramp 694 directs the remaining water towards the apertures 6321 and 632k to improve the flow in the dispensing process and particularly at the end of the dispensing process.

37

[250] Additionally the ramp 694 may fill the area between the reservoir 5 and the apertures 6321 and 632k that may normally hold water during the dispensing process so that substantially all of the water in the appliance 1 is dispensed,.

[251] Figures 13yib and 13yic illustrate schematic section views of the lid 8 and the 5 appliance 1. As illustrated, the lid 8 may be securably sealed to the inner vessel 62 via a seal

110, so that the lid 8 remains in place and does not leak liquid in the case that the appliance 1 is tipped over. When assembled, the ramp 694 may mutually engage with the reservoir 5 of the double walled vessel 1.

[252] Figure 13yib illustrates an alternative embodiment in which the ramp 694 may be 10 formed on the inner wall 62 of the double walled vessel. The ramp 694 may engage with the bottom portion 66 of the lid 8, such that the free end of the ramp 694 abuts the opening of the apertures 6321 and 632k.

[253] The provision of the ramp 694 is not limited to double walled vessels and is equally as applicable to single wall vessels 1.

15 [254] The embodiments are illustrated with reference to apertures 6321 and 632k of a manifold 635 within a lid 8 in combination with the reservoir 5. However this arrangement is not limiting and ramps 694 (or other arrangements) of various sizes and orientations may be provided adjacent to the apertures 632 of each of the previously disclosed manifolds 635 to improve the flow and/or help ensure that all the heated liquid may be dispensed. 20 [255] Figures 13yie and 13yif illustrate an alternative arrangement in which the upper portion of the lid 8 seals against the vessel wall 62 and the lower portion is positioned within the void 222 of the reservoir 5.

[256] In this arrangement each or both of the apertures 632k, 6321 may be formed partially or entirely within the side walls of the lid 8. In which case the apertures 632k, 6321 may be

25 positioned closer to the perimeter of the reservoir 5, to improve the spill inhibiting means of the appliance 1, whilst the cross section of the apertures 632k, 6321 may be substantially equal to the cross section of the apertures 632k, 6321 previously disclosed so that the flow rate of the respective channels 682k, 6821 is not inhibited.

[257] In further embodiments, for example as illustrated in Figures 13yig and 13yih, a 30 manifold 635iv, arranged with at least one inclined channel 682k, 6821, may be provided substantially within the reservoir 5 below the lid 8. The manifold 635iv may include apertures 632k, 6321 as previously described, for example, at least partially formed within the side wall. Alternatively the apertures 632k, 6321 may be formed in the entirely in the bottom or side of the manifold 635iv.

38

[258] In all the embodiments the relationship between the lid assembly 150, the spout 7 and the spill inhibiting means 635 and 640 may assist in preventing liquid splashing out of the spout 7 as the liquid boils, thus allowing for the height of the vessel body 1 to be reduced.

[259] In each of the embodiments the spill inhibiting means 635 and 640 are configured to 5 function without moving parts and without the need for user actuation. However this is not limiting and embodiments that fall under the scope of the invention may be used in conjunction with spill inhibiting means further comprising moving parts and/or user actuation means as described below.

[260] In further embodiments the spill inhibiting means 635 and 640 may be provided as 10 part of or injunction with 'ECO' water metering arrangements for example as disclosed in the applicant's patent publication W0-A-2008/I39173. In further arrangements the manifold 635 may also function as the water metering arrangement so that, for example, the manifold may be configured to hold a set or variable volume of water and the user may use this measure to ensure only the required volume of water is heated.

15 [261] In other embodiments the spill inhibiting means 635 and 640 may be positioned within the spout, which may assist in reducing the overall height of the vessel body 1. [262] Each of the figures illustrate a substantially circular appliances, however the weir principles of the manifolds, steam chambers and vents are equally applicable to appliances of alternative shapes.

20 [263] Throughout this and previous patent applications it is recognised that liquid spillage through the spout is a critical area to address, particularly when the spout is in a down turned position, in which case it would be advantageous to configure an appliance such that the spout 7 always rests in a predicable position when the vessel 1 is tipped over and preferably does not face in a down turned position.

25 [264] This may be achieved by lowering the centre of gravity to such an extent that the appliance 1 always righted itself upright when tipped over. However accommodating the required weight distribution may render the appliance both unsightly and difficult to use in which case the inventors seek to propose alternative solutions that may be implemented within the normal user expectation of a liquid appliance.

30 [265] Figures 13yj to 13yn illustrate an appliance 1 that may be predisposed to tip into a substantially horizontal position. The respective manifold 635 li and steam chamber 640i are configured as previously described with reference to figures 13x, 13ya, 13xd and 13xe in which case it is not necessary to further describe the functions of the spill inhibiting means.

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[266] The appliance 1 is elongate with substantially flat sides in which, so that, in the case that the appliance is tipped, the centre of gravity is likely to force the appliance to tip onto either of the two flat sides so that the spout is predisposed in a horizontal position. As such the spill inhibiting means, for example the manifold 635i and/or the steam chamber 640i

5 need only be configured to accommodate a predictably small angle or range of orientations.

[267] As illustrated both of the manifold 635 li and/or steam chamber 640i have considerable margin between the water level 225d and the free end 648 in the weir arrangements in which case, for example, the size of each of the component manifold 635 li and/or steam chamber 640i may be reduced and/or the maximum water level may be

10 increased.

[268] Figures 13yn to 13yo illustrate a further embodiment (including a respective manifold 635 li and steam chamber 640i configured to function as previously described with reference to figures 13x, 13ya, 13xd and 13xe) in which the spout is predisposed to point in an upward direction when the appliance is tipped over.

15 [269] As illustrated in Figure 13yn the appliance 1 may be configured so that the centre of gravity is substantially towards the handle part by, for example, adding additional mass in this area.

[270] Additionally or alternatively, as illustrated, the appliance 1 may be configured in a tear drop type shape with a substantially circular front part and elongate sides towards the

20 rear so that the appliance is less likely to tip with the spout downwards.

[271] With the configuration of spout upwards it is ensured that there is always a considerable margin between the leading edge of baffles 647b and 647e in the manifold 635i and the water level of 225d, as such the manifold 635i may be reduced and/or the maximum water level may be increased.

25 [272] As previously described in the case that a steam chamber 640i is required then this will need to be configured to accommodate the same level of spill inhibiting mean as the manifold 635i.

[273] Any of the previously described flow management means and pressure relief means may be provided to the appliance manufacturer as discrete components and fixed into the

30 appliance as part of the assembly procedure.

[274] Figure 13yt illustrates a further schematic plan view of the manifold 635iii as previously described.

40

[275] Figures 13yu and 13yv schematically illustrate variants of Figure 13yt, in which the appliance land/or lid 8 is configured to have at least one projection 699 to accommodate an extended manifold 635v.

[276] As illustrated in Figure 13yu, the projections 699 may be formed as outriggers so that 5 they project outside the outline/contour of the either or both of the appliance 1 and/or lid 8,

or alternatively as illustrated in Figure 13yv the projections 699 may be integrated or blended with the outline/contour of appliance 1 and/or lid 8.

[277] In each of the Figures 13yu and 13yv, the apertures 632k and 6321 and the free ends 648 of the baffles 647m, 647n can now be located further away from the centreline of the

10 appliance 1, in which case the apertures 632k and 6321 and the free ends 648 of the baffles 647m, 647n may be substantially higher above the water level in the tipped position than in the embodiment of Figure 13yt as indicated by Dimension Y and Dimension X in comparison to Dimension W.

[278] The embodiments of Figures 13yu and 13uv are applicable to any of the previously 15 described embodiments and may allow the appliance 1 to have a larger water carrying capacity or allow the tipping angle of the appliance 1 to be increased whilst still inhibiting spillage from the appliance.

[279] Advantageously the projections 699 may allow the spout 7 to be predisposed in an upward direction when the appliance is tipped over.

20 Weir Type Filling, Pouring and Pressure Relief in Combination with

Inertia and/or Gravity Type Valves

[280] The previously described manifold system provides primary venting, pouring and filling from the spout in normal use and primary venting and spill inhibiting means when the appliance is tipped on its side. However, the manifold system may not prevent spillage if the

25 appliance is dropped forward onto its spout prior to the appliance being tipped onto its side.

[281] In the prior art, it is known to employ inertia type valves or mechanisms that provide spill inhibiting means for the spout upon impact and/or deceleration, for example, as disclosed in W0-A-2011/101642. However, the prior art mechanisms do not resolve the problems of primary venting after the appliance has tipped onto its side.

30 [282] One embodiment of the invention provides a valve means 671 for an appliance 1 that acts to allow liquid to be dispensed and filled through an aperture 698 in normal use and may act as a spill inhibiting means when the appliance 1 is tipped over in a forward position.

41

[283] The spout 7 communicates with the reservoir 5 via the valve means 671 which may comprise at least one aperture 698, aperture 632, retaining means 623, and at least one moveable member 617, supported and guided within and/or by a chamber 621 and/or channel 682 each of which will be described in more detail below.

5 [284] As illustrated in Figures 13yvaa, in normal use, the spout 7 is in liquid communication with the reservoir 5 via the aperture 698. A second aperture 632 may be provided in the channel 682 so that the liquid communication means between the aperture 698 and the reservoir 5 is via the channel 682.

[285] The member 617, for example a ball, is supported within the chamber 621 and is 10 retained or latched by the retaining means, for example magnet 623a. As illustrated in

Figurel3yvab the valve means is configured so that the member 617 moves forward along the channel 682 and seals against the aperture 698 when the appliance 1 is, for example, dropped or tipped over.

[286] The mechanism to unlatch the member 617 may be manual or automatic, may be 15 mechanical or electrical and may be an inertia type mechanism that is sensitive to impact and/or rapid deceleration, for example, a magnet 623a.

[287] The member 617 may automatically return (by gravity) to its original position and is then retained or latched by the retaining means 623 for further deployment.

[288] The aperture 632 may comprise at least one lateral parallel slot provided along the 20 underside of the chamber 621 so that the member 617 may be guided and supported and/or may slide or roll freely therein.

[289] In further embodiments, the channel 682 and/or chamber 621 may be replaced by means solely acting to support or guide the member 617, for example an open framework, a rod or guide passing through an aperture in, or otherwise slidingly connected to, the member

25 617, a magnetic guide, and so on.

[290] In further embodiments the channel 682 and or chamber 621 may be formed from a gauze or mesh type material so that liquid may flow through the gauze or mesh during pouring and filling. In further embodiments this gauze or mesh material may act as a filter and may be removable for cleaning. Alternatively, the aperture 632 may form part of a

30 manifold 635 as described in more detail below.

[291] The valve means 671 may be provided within the reservoir 5 of the appliance 1 as illustrated, or may be provided within the lid 8 as illustrated in Figure 9a or in the spout 7 or a combination of each.

[292] A pressure relieving means may be provided via a steam chamber 640.

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[293] Detailed embodiments and configurations of the valve means 671 will be described in more detail below in combination with a previously described manifold 635. However, it should be understood that each of the detailed embodiments and configurations of the valve means 671 is considered inventive in its own right.

5 [294] It should be noted that although illustrated in conjunction with specific manifold types, the principles of each of the valve arrangement 671 may be applicable to any of the previously described manifold embodiments. Furthermore, it is not intended to further describe the previously disclosed manifolds.

[295] In many of the embodiments the member 617 may be described and illustrated as a 10 ball 617, but is not limited thereto, and may be equally applicable to other shapes or forms,

examples of which are subsequently described and illustrated.

[296] Figures 13yvac to 13yvr, 13ywf and 13ywg show another embodiment of the manifold type assembly 635vi, as previously described and illustrated in Figures 13o to 13yih, in combination with a valve mechanism as previously described and illustrated in

15 15yva and 15jvb.

[297] Figure 13yvac to 13yvc are schematic views of the liquid heating appliance 1 including the manifold 635vi with a valve arrangement 671, which is positioned within the envelope of the appliance 1 between the liquid to be heated and the spout 7. The manifold 635vi may comprise a first part 678, which includes an aperture 698 and a plurality of baffles

20 647, which in cooperation with the second part 679 provide a plurality of liquid channels 682, accessed by apertures 632, to communicate between the reservoir 5 and the spout 7 via the aperture 698. The second part 679 may further comprise a chamber 621 projecting inwardly for housing a member, for example, a ball 617, and may be substantially perpendicular to the aperture 698. As illustrated, the chamber 621 may be substantially 25 inclined relative to the horizontal plane, which will be described in more detail below. The aperture 698 may be configured so that it seals against the ball 617, and so inhibiting liquid spilling through the aperture 698, when the valve assembly 671 is activated.

[298] As previously described, at least one inlet aperture 632 to one of the channels 682 may provide primary venting when the appliance 1 is tipped on its side (as indicated by 634).

30 [299] As previously described, at least one of the apertures 632 to one of the channels 682 may be positioned so that the liquid entering the spout 7 during the filling process enters the reservoir 5 (as indicated by 633).

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[300] As previously described, a pressure relieving means may be provided towards a back chamber 95 of the appliance 1, whereby the pressure relieving means, for example a steam chamber 640i may be in fluid communication with a steam switch 73.

[301] Figure 13yvb is a schematic front view of the manifold of Figure 13yvac illustrating 5 the first part 678 of the manifold 635vi. The manifold 635vi includes aperture 632a (towards the bottom) and a further aperture 632b (towards the top) each of which communicate, via the respective channels 682a and 682b, with the aperture 698 (towards the centre) so that the reservoir 5 may have liquid communication with the spout.

[302] The first part 678 may be provided with at least one projection 622 on at least one 10 side of the aperture 698, and at least one contoured portion 619 may be provided on at least one baffle 647. Each of the projections 622 and contoured portion 619 may provide positioning and retaining means for the ball 617 when the appliance 1 is tipped forward and/or resting on its side.

[303] Figure 13yvc is an exploded isometric view of Figure 13yvac illustrating the 15 assembly of the manifold 635vi.

[304] The chamber 621 may be formed on the second part 679 for housing the ball 617. The chamber 621 may be provided with retention means 623, for example, a magnet 623a for the ball 617, so that in normal use the ball 617 resides in the back portion of the chamber 621. A chamber cover 624 may be provided to close off the chamber 621 to prevent the ball

20 617 dropping into the reservoir 5. The chamber cover 624 may be fused, welded or bonded onto the chamber 621. Alternatively, the chamber cover 624 may be removably secured to the chamber 621, for example, snapped-fitted or screwed to allow access to the ball 617 and/or the inside of the chamber 621 for cleaning.

[305] It is preferred, but not limiting, that the valve arrangement 671 does not inhibit the 25 filling and/or pouring and that the retention means 623 prevents the member 617 from rocking or rolling during normal use, so that the user is not aware of any abnormal movement within the appliance 1.

[306] The chamber wall 621a and/or chamber cover 624 may comprise a recess 109 for receiving the retention means 623, which will be described in more detail below. The recess

30 109 may be closed off by a cover 624a. The cover 624a may be welded, fused or bonded into the recess 109 to prevent liquid ingress or corrosion of the retention means 623. Alternatively, the retention means 623 may be encapsulated or moulded into the chamber cover 624 and/or into the wall 621a of the chamber 621.

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[307] The chamber 621 may also comprise a wider portion towards the front, which independently or in cooperation with the first part 678 may increase the size of the channel 682a to form a housing 672 for the ball 617 to move therein when the appliance 1 is lying on it side.

5 [308] Typically, the ball 617 may be metal, for example, a ball bearing or may be plastic, glass or ceramic. The ball 617 may be coated for example, as found in a ball-operated computer mouse or the like. Advantageously, the ball 617 may be made from a corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel and/or coated in a non-stick and/or corrosion resistant coating for example PTFE, Teflon ®, ceramic or enamel. Non-stick coating and/or 10 corrosion resistant coating may provide an additional benefit by preventing or reducing the build-up of scale on the surface of the ball 617, which may cause the ball 617 to seize within the chamber 621. In further embodiments the ball 617 may be plated, for example nickel plated, to provide similar non stick properties.

[309] In the case that the retention means 623 is a magnet 623a, then at least part of the ball 15 617 and/or coating will need to be of a ferrous material.

[310] As illustrated in Figure 13yvd during the dispensing process, the ball 617 is held in place by the retention means 623, for example, a magnet 623a towards the rear of the chamber 621 allowing liquid to exit the reservoir 5 via the spout 7 and aperture 698. It is envisaged that during the dispensing process, the ball 617 will not have sufficient force

20 under gravity and/or momentum to break away from the retention means 623.

[311] The retention force required will be dependant upon the weight of the ball 617 and the specified operational parameters of the appliance 1, and will need to be sufficient to retain the ball 617 at any angle during the pouring process.

[312] However, as previously described, in the case that there is rapid deceleration and/or 25 impact whilst the appliance 1 is tipped forward, for example, if the appliance 1 is dropped and hits a surface then the additional force may release the ball 617 from the retention means 623 allowing the ball 617 to move forward to seal against the aperture 698 and so prevent liquid exiting the reservoir 5, as illustrated in Figure 13yve. Thus, the assembly 671 functions as an inertia type valve, which is sensitive to impact and/or rapid deceleration. 30 Upon up righting of the appliance 1, the ball 617 automatically returns (by gravity) to its original position and is then retained or latched by the retaining means 623 for further deployment.

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[313] It is envisaged that the aperture 698 may include features such as a seat or sealing face to retain and/or improve the sealing interface and this seat may include an additional sealing surface, for example, silicone.

[314] The angle a between the chamber 621 and the horizontal plane of the appliance 1 is 5 important. Too shallow and the ball 617 may not return to its original position under gravity;

too steep and the ball 617 may not easily move forward upon impact and/or deceleration. The inventors have ascertained a range between 10° and 45° may be acceptable, however, the preferred angle is in the range of 20° to 30°.

[315] It has also been found that under certain conditions, the ball 617 may bounce back up

10 the chamber 621 after impact, therefore, provision is required to prevent the ball 617 latching against the retaining means 623 during the bounce. There are a number of ways to alleviate this problem, which includes

1) Locally decreasing the cross section of one part of the chamber 621 so that ball 617 needs to be properly aligned within that part of the chamber 621 to pass therethrough.

15 In which case, the ball 617 may roll through the chamber 621 under gravity but may not easily pass through the reduced section during the bounce.

2) Ribs (not shown) may be added to provide a tortuous path so that the ball 617 may roll past under gravity, but may prevent the ball 617 returning during the bounce.

3) Selecting materials with low coefficience of restitution so that the forces of the impact

20 between the ball 617 and the aperture 698 may be absorbed. However, this may be counterproductive if, for example, a low coefficient material compromises the seal and/or the smooth operation of the ball 617.

4) Increasing the length of the chamber 621 so that the ball 617 is unable to bounce high enough to latch against the retaining means 623.

25 5) Optimising the retaining means 623, for example, to balance the attraction of the magnet 632a so that it is sufficient to retain the ball 617 after engagement but minimises the attraction prior to engagement.

6) Adding additional retaining means at the spout 7, for example, an additional magnet, in which case it may be necessary to provide some form of manual reset prior to refilling.

30 7) The ball 617 may be replaced by an elongated member to slow down the member upon rebound.

[316] During test work, it has been ascertained that a 22mm diameter steel ball 617 within a parallel 23.5 mm internal diameter chamber 621 may bounce at least its own diameter after impact. In which case, it is recommended that the internal length Dimension BA of the

46

chamber 621 be at least twice the diameter of the ball 617, and it is preferred that the chamber 621 is at least 2.5 times the diameter of the ball 617.

[317] Figure 13yvf illustrates a schematic front view of section X-X through the appliance 1 of Figure 13yvac after impact, whereby the ball 617 has been released from the retention

5 means 623 and engages the aperture 698 so that liquid is prevented from exiting the reservoir 5.

[318] Figure 13yvg schematically illustrates the function of the manifold 635vi in the same orientation of Figure 13yvf. Figure 13yvh schematically illustrates a side view of section Xa-Xa through the manifold 635vi of Figure 13yvg.

10 [319] Prior to the impact, the appliance 1 will vent through at least the aperture 698, however, at the stage that the aperture 698 is sealed by the ball 617, so alternative venting means may be required. For example, as illustrated, steam generated within the appliance 72 may be vented via a steam chamber 640i situated above the water level 225.

[320] Whereas it may be acceptable for the steam 72 to exit via the steam chamber 640i for 15 a short period of time in which the appliance 1 is in the forward position, it is preferred that the manifold 635vi provides the primary venting when the appliance 1 rests on its side.

[321] Advantageously, the manifold 635vi and/or valve assembly 671 make provision for the ball 617 to roll away from the aperture 698 after the appliance 1 has rested on its side and the manifold 635vi is able to function as the primary vent.

20 [322] Figure 13yvi illustrates a schematic front view of the section through the appliance 1 of Figure 13yvac lying on its side after impact, whereby the spout 7 is facing upwards and towards the left.

[323] Figure 13yvj schematically illustrates the function of the manifold 635vi in the same orientation of Figure 13yvi, resting on its side. Figure 13yvk schematically illustrates a side

25 view of section Xa-Xa through the manifold 635vi of Figure 13yvj.

[324] As illustrated in Figures 13yvi to 13yvk when the appliance 1 rests on its side, the ball 617 moves by gravity over the projections 622 and rests in the previously described housing 672 away from the aperture 698 so that the ball 617 does not block either the aperture 698 or the channel 682a.

30 [325] As illustrated along plane Xa-Xa in Figure 13yvk, the previously described projections 622 may act as cams to direct the ball 617 towards the back of the housing 672 so that there is a sufficient gap between the ball 617 and the first part 678 so that the channel 682a may act as the primary vent, as indicated by the arrow 634.

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[326] The housing 672 and manifold 635 may be configured so that the ball 617 moves away from the aperture 698 on whichever side the appliance 1 is resting and with the spout 7 facing upwards or downwards.

[327] The housing 672 and manifold 635 may be configured so that when the appliance is 5 removed from a tipped sideways to a tipped forward position the ball returns to a central position to seal against the aperture 698 so that, for example, liquid is inhibited from spilling from the appliance when the appliance 1 is picked up after being knocked over.

[328] As previously described, the inertia valve arrangements 671 may be incorporated in each of the previously described manifolds 635, for example, as illustrated in Figure 13yvl,

10 whereby the manifold 635iii of Figure 13yb is provided with the inertia valve arrangement 671 of Figures 13yvac to 13yvn. As illustrated, the baffle 647m may be provided with a recess 109 for housing the ball 617 during the dispensing process and provision of the housing 672 when tipped on its side.

[329] In this embodiment it is not possible to increase the length of the chamber 621 to 15 accommodate the bounce, in which case at least one of the previously described features may be provided to prevent premature latching of the ball 617 after impact.

[330] Figures 13yvm and 13yvn schematically illustrate a variant of the chamber 621, in which the internal wall 621a of the chamber 621 may be provided with a series of runners or guides 154 for the ball 617 to be elevated away from the internal wall 621a of the chamber

20 621 to create a gap 692 therebetween. The gap 692 may act to collect any of debris, scale or foreign matter that may enter the chamber 621, which may otherwise interfere with the operation of the ball 617. Advantageously, any debris etc collected may flow back out of the chamber 621 when the appliance 1 is emptied.

[331] As illustrated, an elongate member 617a may be provided as an alternative to the ball 25 617. The elongate member 617a may be optimised to improve both the sealing face and latching means. For example, the rear end of the elongate member 617a may be flattened to improve retention to the magnet 623a. Alternatively, the elongate member 617a may include a circumferential recess to cooperate with a mechanical and/or resilient retaining means 623d, as illustrated in Figure 13yvr.

30 [332] Figure 13yvo schematically illustrates a cross section of a further variant of the chamber 621, whereby a sump 636 may be provided below the chamber 621 for the collection of debris, scale or foreign matter. An aperture 414 is positioned in front of the ball 617 so that any debris etc. collected may flow back out of the chamber 621 when the appliance 1 is emptied.

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[333] The above embodiments disclose the use of permanent magnetic means 623a to retain the ball 617 and/or elongate member 617a within the chamber 621 and inertia valve arrangement 671 to provide the release.

[334] In further embodiments, a user actuator, such as a manual switch, may be employed 5 to activate or release the retention means 623. For example, the user may actuate the switch to retain the member 617 away from the aperture 698, so as to allow pouring during normal operation. However, if the vessel is tipped forward without the user actuating the switch, then the member 617 is not retained and may close the aperture 698.

[335] In further embodiments, an electromagnet may be employed in cooperation with, for 10 example, a tilt switch, accelerometer or manual switch so that the ball 617 and/or elongate member 617a may be released as required, for example, if the user lets go of the handle. Advantageously, a back-up electrical supply, for example, a battery or capacitor may be provided so that the electromagnet may still function if the appliance 1 is disconnected from the power supply.

15 [336] In further embodiments the member 617 may comprise the retaining means. For example the member 617 may comprise a magnet 623a which latches against or is attracted to a ferrous portion within, for example, the channel 621.

[337] Figures 13yvp to 13yvr illustrate the use of different shapes, geometry and/or physical features as means to retain the ball 617 and/or elongate member 617a within the

20 chamber 621 during the dispensing process whilst allowing the ball 617 and/or elongate member 617a to move forward upon impact and/or deceleration.

[338] Figure 13yvp illustrates a schematic cross-section view of the chamber 621 comprising a recess 623b to retain the ball 617 during the dispensing process. As illustrated, a ramp 673 may be provided at the front of the recess 623b, such that upon impact the ball

25 617 jumps past the ramp 673.

[339] Figure 13yvq illustrates a schematic cross-section view of a further variant of the chamber 621 comprising an angled or curved portion surface 623c forming a ramp 673. The ball 617 is housed at the back of the chamber 621 behind the ramp 673. As previously described, it can be envisaged that the ramp 673 retains the ball 617 during the dispensing

30 process, but releases the ball 617 upon impact and/or rapid deceleration.

[340] Figure 13yvr illustrates a further variant of the chamber 621, in which the rear part is angled downwards and a ramp 673 may be provided for retaining an elongate member 617a during the dispensing process. The ramp 673 may be a protrusion 623d extending from the inner wall of the chamber 621. Alternatively, the ramp 673 may be resilient, for example, a

49

spring secured to the inner wall 621a of the chamber 621. Upon impact, the elongate member 617a jumps past the ramp 673 in order to engage with the aperture 698. As described, the elongate member 617a may include a circumferential recess to engage with the ramp 673. In further embodiments, it is envisaged that the ramp 673 may also cooperate with the ball 617. 5 [341] In further embodiments, other inertia mechanisms may be used, for example, speed, velocity or acceleration dependent systems, spring-loaded mechanism, spring-biased release mechanisms, over centre mechanisms and/or geometric systems. For example, an over-centre flap arrangement may be provided to seal the aperture 698 upon impact.

[342] In further embodiments, the present invention may be utilized with a user-operated 10 actuator (not shown), for example, the magnetic means 623a may be provided on the user-operated actuator to return the ball 617 to the back of the chamber 621. Alternatively, the user-operated actuator may be arranged to interface with a flap for releasing the ball 617.

Additional Steam Chamber Arrangements for Secondary Venting

15 [343] Figures 13yvs to 13ywe illustrate further embodiments of the steam chamber 640, in which secondary venting is provided when the appliance 1 is in an upright or pouring position; however, the venting aperture 92 is closed when the appliance 1 is tipped over on its side.

[344] Figure 13yvs is a schematic rear cross-sectional view of Figure 13yvac illustrating a 20 further embodiment of the steam chamber 640iv. Figures 13yvt and 13yvu are isometric and exploded views of the steam chamber 640iv of Figure 13yvs and Figure 13yvv is a schematic front view of the steam chamber 640iv of Figures 13yvs to 13yvu in normal use.

[345] The steam chamber 640iv may comprise a weighted valve 159, which may be in a form of a pendulum, and having a forward facing aperture 160 for steam 72 to pass

25 therethrough, in fluid communication with a corresponding inlet 92 provided in the wall of the back chamber 95. The pendulum valve 159 may be rotatably mounted around a boss 153 on the back chamber 95 of the appliance 1. As illustrated, the valve 159 may be secured to the boss 153 by securing means 425, for example, screws, rivets, snap-fits or click-fits.

[346] The wall of the back chamber 95 may be provided with at least two bosses 622 and a 30 guide 154 for supporting and guiding the pendulum valve 159, and the pendulum valve 159

may be biased open by at least one spring biasing means 151. The springs 151 may be coil springs, torsion springs or leaf springs. In other embodiments, the springs 151 may be bistable so that the pendulum 159 resists small forces but reacts quickly to larger forces. The

50

force of the springs 151 is sufficient to overcome any friction between the pendulum 159 and the pendulum supports 154 so that the pendulum 159 is in equilibrium. Alternatively, other biasing means may be used, for example, a rise and fall hinge arrangement

[347] When the appliance 1 is in normal use, as shown in Figures 13yvs to 13yvv, the 5 pendulum valve 159 is open and allowing the inlet 92 and aperture 160 to be aligned and the steam in the void 222 to be vented via the inlet 92.

[348] As illustrated in Figures 13yvw and 13yvx, when the appliance 1 is tipped on its side the mass of the pendulum 159 causes the pendulum 159 to rotate about the boss 153 so that the apertures 92 and 160 are no longer aligned and so prevent liquid and/or vapour exiting

10 the reservoir 5. The pendulum 159 returns to its central position upon up righting of the appliance 1 either by gravity and/or the spring biasing means 151.

[349] As shown in Figures 13yvt to 13yvx, bosses 622 may be provided to limit the swing of the pendulum 159.

[350] Figures 13yvy to 13ywe illustrate a further embodiment of the steam chamber 640v. 15 Figure 13yvy is a schematic rear cross-sectional view of Figure 13yvac illustrating the further embodiment of the steam chamber 640v. Figures 13yvz, 13ywa and 13ywb are isometric, exploded and section views of the steam chamber 640v of Figure 13yvy in normal use.

[351] The steam chamber 640v may comprise a weighted valve 159, which may be in a 20 form of a pendulum, and having an aperture 160 on its upper surface for steam 72 to pass therethrough and is in fluid communication with a corresponding inlet 92 provided in a hollow boss 153 formed on and extending through the wall of the back chamber 95. The weighted valve 159 may be rotatably mounted around the boss 153. As illustrated, the valve 159 may be secured to the boss 153 by securing means 425, for example, screws, rivets, 25 snap-fits or click-fits.

[352] The wall of the back chamber 95 may be provided with at least two bosses 622 and a guide 154 for supporting and guiding the pendulum valve 159. The pendulum valve 159 may be biased open by at least one spring biasing means (not shown) as previously described.

[353] When the appliance 1 is in its normal use, as shown in Figures 13yvy to 13ywb, the 30 pendulum valve 159 is biased open, for example, by the weight 159a of the pendulum valve

159 allowing the inlet 92 and aperture 160 to be aligned and the steam in the void 222 to be vented via the inlet 92.

[354] As illustrated in Figures 13ywc and 13wyd when the appliance 1 is tipped on its side the mass of the pendulum valve 159 causes the pendulum 159 to rotate about the boss 153 so

51

that the apertures 92 and 160 are no longer aligned and so prevent liquid and/or vapour exiting the reservoir 5. The pendulum 159 returns to its central position upon up righting of the appliance 1 either by gravity and/or the spring biasing means (not shown).

[355] As illustrated in Figures 13yvy to 13ywe, bosses 622 may be provided to limit the 5 swing of the pendulum 159.

[356] Each of the steam chambers 640iv and 640v may be provided with a shroud 560 for covering at least the inlet 92 so that agitated water or condensed steam does not splash into and/or run down the inlet 92, as illustrated in Figure 13ywe. The shroud 560 may be formed onto the back chamber 95.

10 [357] The steam chambers 640iv and 640v are particularly suitable for use with appliances 1 incorporating the previously described manifolds in which the steam chamber 640iv and 640v may act as a steam channel in normal use, may act to vent the appliance in the forward position (when the aperture 698 may be closed by the member 617) and is closed when the appliances is tipped on its side (when the aperture 698 is open) .

15 [358] By way of example the following embodiment illustrated in Figures 13ywf and 13ywg combine the function of the manifold valve 635vi including the ball valve arrangement 671 in conjunction with the function of the steam chamber 640iv.

[359] As previously described during normal use the appliance 1 fills, pours and vents through the manifold 635vi and steam vapour enters the steam chamber 95 through the

20 aperture 160 of the pendulum valve 159.

[360] As illustrated in Figures 13ywf, steam chamber 640iv continues to vent the appliance 1 whilst the venting through the manifold 635vi is inhibited by ball 617 sealing against the aperture 698.

[361] Conversely as the appliance 1 tips onto its side, as illustrated in Figure 13ywg, 25 venting through the manifold 635vi is reinstated, however, venting through the steam chamber 640iv is inhibited. Advantageously, this arrangement provides venting for the appliance 1 in each stage of normal and abnormal use and reduces the opportunity for heated liquid and vapour to flood the steam chamber 95 and/or handle area whilst the appliance 1 is in an over boil condition.

30 [362] In each of the previously described flow management and venting arrangements and/or pendulum arrangements, surfaces to be sealed may have their sealing properties improved by one or both of the surfaces including a localised portion or layer of sealing material, for example a silicone or rubber compound. Alternatively, mechanical sealing

52

means, for example, a labyrinth seal 674 (as illustrated in Figure 13ywa) or gasket may be used between the sealing interface.

[363] In each of the above described pendulum valve embodiments, the pendulum 159 may be manufactured in a heavy corrosion resistant material such as brass or stainless steel or

5 diecast or a specialist plastic and/or may have additional weights 159a added to the pendulum 159 so that the pendulum 159 rotates swiftly under gravity and assists in acting to counter the force of the liquid against the pendulum 159 and/or to counter the frictional forces between the moving parts.

[364] In other embodiments where for example the pendulum 159 is moulded in plastic, 10 metal or other resilient material, then the pendulum 159 may incorporate the springs 151 as part of the moulding of the pendulum 159.

[365] Furthermore, each of the previously described embodiments may include an alarm to warn the user that the vessel body 1 has tipped over. In its simplest form this alarm may cooperate mechanically with the pendulum 159, such as a bell. Alternatively, the alarm may

15 be an electronic or electromechanical warning system triggered by a valve mechanism or a tilt switch and powered by a rechargeable battery, capacitor, thermocouple or preferably a 'green' power source, for example, a photovoltaic cell.

[366] Alternatively or additionally, each of the previously described embodiments may include, for example, a tilt switch that disconnects power to the heater 12 and/or other

20 electrically powered components when the appliance 1 is tipped over.

[367] In each of the embodiments, there may be provided means to lock the member 617 in its closed position, the lock being releasable by user actuation. In this way, the member 617 stays securely closed as the appliance 1 is picked up after being tipped over, until the user needs to fill or pour from the appliance 1.

25 [368] Any of the previously described flow management means and pressure relief means may be provided to the appliance manufacturer as discrete components and fixed into the appliance 1 as part of the assembly procedure.

[369] In further embodiments, not shown, the flow management means and pressure relief means may be provided with fixing or fitting means, such as threads, flanges, bayonet fits or 30 the like, so that they can be easily installed by the appliance manufacturer in the appliance. In further embodiments the flow management means and pressure relief means may be supplied to the appliance manufacturer as part of other functional parts of the appliance, for example, the spout, lid, actuator, handle or steam control.

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[370] In further embodiments the flow management means and pressure relief means may include a bimetal or other actuator so that the function is dependent upon temperature.

[371] In further embodiments other parts of the appliance such as the handle, sub base or the void between the outer and inner walls may be used as means to acts as a 'buffer' or

5 'overflow' area for liquid or vapour that would otherwise be expelled from the spout.

[372] In each of the previously described pressure relief and pressure equalisation systems the inlets 92 may be positioned at the lowest part of the assembly so that any water that enters the chamber during the tipped position may drain back into the vessel 1 when the vessel 1 is returned to the upright position.

10 [373] In some embodiments the spill inhibiting means may not function fully until, for example, the appliance 1 has reached a stable state. In these embodiments it is preferable that the flow rate through the spout 7 or manifold 635 may be restricted or controlled, for example by selecting the size of the apertures 632, to a suitable maximum flow rate for normal use so that any spillage in the tipped position may be limited to the same maximum 15 flow rate prior to the spill inhibiting means becoming functional.

[374] Advantageously, either or both of the spill inhibiting means 635 and/or 640 may be provided within the reservoir 5 to reduce the overall height of the appliance in comparison to the prior art appliances in which the spill inhibiting features are in the lid 8, so that the packaging and shipping costs may be reduced.

20 [375] In at least some embodiments, the over-boil that occurs after power to the appliance has been switched off can be reduced by the use of low mass elements, for example, thick film or printed elements.

[376] At least some aspects of the invention are applicable to vessels that do not include a heating function, as it is advantageous to avoid accidental spillage of liquids in general, not

25 just heated liquids.

[377] In all cases the diagrams are schematic and the sizes and dimensions of, for example, the vents, apertures, inlets and outlets will need to be determined according to the requirements of the appliance.

Further Embodiments

30 [378] It is evident that the full scope and combination of embodiments is extensive; however it is envisaged that the skilled person, having read the description herein, will be able to transfer solutions between the embodiments to meet the specific problems of individual appliances within the scope of the present invention.

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[379] The embodiments described above are illustrative of rather than limiting to the present invention. Alternative embodiments apparent on reading the above description may nevertheless fall within the scope of the invention.

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Claims

Claims

1. A spill inhibiting apparatus for a liquid heating vessel having an aperture to one side thereof for dispensing liquid from the vessel when the vessel is tipped towards the aperture, the apparatus comprising a valve arranged to allow dispensing of the liquid

5 during normal use but to close the aperture when the vessel is accidentally tipped over towards the aperture, the valve being arranged to open the aperture so as to allow venting of the vessel when the vessel is tipped over to one side.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, including at least one channel in fluid communication with the aperture, the at least one channel being arranged to allow liquid to flow therethrough

10 during dispensing, and to inhibit the flow of liquid through the aperture when the vessel is tipped over to one side.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one channel is arranged to vent the vessel when tipped over to one side.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 or 3, wherein the at least one channel comprises at least one

15 weir or baffle arranged to impede the flow of liquid therethrough when the vessel is tipped on its side.

5. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the valve comprises an inertial valve.

6. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the valve comprises a member moveable to close the aperture so as to prevent liquid from spilling from the aperture, and retention

20 means arranged to retain the member away from the aperture during dispensing.

7. A spill inhibiting apparatus for a liquid heating vessel, the apparatus comprising at least one aperture for dispensing liquid from the vessel, a member moveable to close the aperture so as to prevent liquid from spilling from the aperture, and retention means arranged to retain the member away from the aperture during dispensing.

25 8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the retention means is arranged to release the member to so as to close the aperture when the vessel is tipped over towards the aperture.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the retention means comprises a magnetic, spring-loaded, spring-biased release, over-centre and/or geometric system.

30 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the member comprises at least part of the retention means.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the retention means comprises a spring-loaded mechanism or spring-biased release mechanism arranged to engage between the member and the retention means.

56

12. The apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the retention means is magnetic and the member comprises ferrous or magnetic material.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein the member comprises plastic, metal, glass and/or ceramic material.

5 14. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 13, wherein the member is made from a corrosion resistant material such as stainless steel and/or coated in a non-stick coating and/or corrosion resistant coating such as PTFE, rubber, ceramic or enamel, or plated, for example with nickel.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 14, including means for guiding the member 10 between the aperture and the retention means.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the member is guided at an angle between 10° and 45° from the horizontal plane of the vessel.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the member is guided at an angle between 20° and 30° from the horizontal plane of the vessel.

15 18. The apparatus of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the means for guiding comprises a chamber.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the retention means is formed or moulded into a part of the chamber.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 or 19, wherein the chamber includes a second aperture for 20 fluid communication with a reservoir of the vessel.

21. The apparatus of any one of claims 18 to 20, wherein the chamber further comprises means to collect debris, scale or foreign matter that may otherwise interfere with the operation of the member.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said means comprises a series of runners or guides 25 to elevate the member away from the internal wall of the chamber to create a gap therebetween to collect debris, scale or foreign matter.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said means comprises a sump provided below the chamber for the collection of debris, scale or foreign matter.

24. The apparatus of any one of claims 18 to 23, wherein the chamber further comprises a 30 cover removably secured thereto to allow the chamber and/or the member to be cleaned.

25. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 24, wherein the retention means is user actuable.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the retention means comprises an electromagnet arranged to release the member when the user lets go of a handle of the vessel.

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27. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 26, wherein the member is substantially spherical or elongate.

28. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 27, further comprising means to reduce the bounce of the member upon engagement with the aperture.

5 29. The apparatus of claim 28 when dependent directly or indirectly on claim 15, wherein said means comprises a locally reduced cross section of the chamber such that the member is able to pass through the chamber under gravity but not easily to pass through the reduced section of the chamber during the bounce.

30. The apparatus of claim 28 when dependent directly or indirectly on claim 15, wherein

10 said means comprises providing a tortuous path, within the chamber, so that the member is able to follow the path under gravity, but is prevented from returning during the bounce.

31. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the member comprises material of low coefficient of restitution to absorb the impact between the member and the aperture but prevent the

15 member returning during the bounce.

32. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the retention means is arranged such that the retention force is sufficient to retain the member after engagement but minimises the attraction prior to engagement.

33. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein said means comprises additional retaining means

20 away from the retention means to prevent the member returning to the retention means during the bounce.

34. The apparatus of claim 28 when dependent directly or indirectly on claim 15, wherein the chamber is long enough so that the member is unable to bounce back to latch against the retaining means.

25 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the member is a ball and the internal length of the chamber is between 2 to 2.5 times the diameter of the ball to prevent the ball latching against the retention means during the bounce.

36. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 35, wherein after release of the member by the retention means, the member is arranged to disengage with said aperture when the vessel

30 is tipped over on its side, so as to open the aperture.

37. The apparatus of claim 36 when dependent directly or indirectly on claim 15, wherein the chamber comprises at least first and second chambers, in which the first chamber houses said member in normal use, and the second chamber houses said member upon

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release to engage and/or seal against the aperture but allows said member to disengage with said aperture when the vessel is tipped over on its side.

38. The apparatus of claims 36 or 37, wherein the member is arranged to re-engage with the aperture as the vessel is righted from its side, so as to close the aperture.

5 39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the member is arranged to open the aperture when the vessel is in a normal upright position.

40. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 39, wherein the aperture comprises sealing means for sealing against the member.

41. A vessel comprising a spill inhibiting apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 40. 10 42. A steam chamber for a liquid heating vessel, the steam chamber comprising a valve through which steam and/or vapour can pass therethrough during normal use, the valve being arranged to close when the vessel is tipped over on its side.

43. The steam chamber of claim 42, including a member moveable under gravity when the vessel is tipped to one side, so that the valve closes.

15 44. The steam chamber of claim 43, wherein the member includes a valve sealing face that closes the valve when the vessel is tipped to one side.

45. The steam chamber of claim 44, wherein the member is arranged to cooperate with the valve such that the valve is closed when the vessel is tipped to one side.

46. The steam chamber of any one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the member is biased to open 20 the valve when the vessel is tipped towards the outlet.

47. The steam chamber of any one of claims 42 to 46, wherein the valve is pivotally mounted on a substantial horizontal plane.

48. The steam chamber of any one of claims 42 to 47, wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one boss for limiting the movement of the valve.

25 49. The steam chamber of any one of claims 42 to 48, wherein the valve is pivotally mounted to the vessel.

50. The steam chamber of any one of claims 42 to 49, further comprising a shroud to prevent agitated water or condensed steam passing therethrough.

51. The steam chamber of any one of claims 42 to 50, wherein the valve further comprises 30 sealing means, such as a lip seal, silicone seal or labyrinth seal.

52. The steam chamber of any one of claims 42 to 51, having an aperture on its upper surface, through which steam and/or vapour can pass therethrough during normal use.

53. A vessel comprising a steam chamber as claimed in any one of claims 42 to 52.

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54. The vessel of claim 53, further including spill inhibiting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 40, arranged such that during a normal dispensing operation the steam chamber valve and the dispensing aperture are open, when the vessel is accidentally tipped forward the steam chamber valve is open and the dispensing aperture is closed,

5 and when the vessel is tipped on its side, the steam chamber valve is closed and the dispensing aperture is open so as to allow venting of the vessel.

55. A spill inhibiting apparatus for a liquid heating vessel, the apparatus comprising at least one channel arranged to allow pouring of liquid from the vessel when the vessel is in a pouring position but to inhibit the flow of liquid from the vessel when the vessel is

10 tipped on its side.

56. The apparatus of claim 55, wherein the at least one channel is arranged to inhibit the flow of liquid from the vessel without the use of moving parts.

57. The apparatus of claim 55 or 56, wherein the at least one channel is arranged to allow pouring without user actuation of the apparatus.

15 58. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 57, including means to vent the vessel when tipped over on its side.

59. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the at least one channel is arranged to vent the vessel when tipped over on its side, while inhibiting the flow of liquid from the vessel.

60. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 59, wherein the at least one channel comprises

20 a manifold.

61. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 60, wherein the at least one channel includes means for impeding the flow of liquid therethrough.

62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the means for impeding comprises at least one baffle.

25 63. The apparatus of claim 61 or 62, wherein the means for impeding comprises a plurality of baffles in a staggered arrangement.

64. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 63, wherein the at least one channel comprises at least one weir or baffle arranged to impede the flow of liquid therethrough when the vessel is tipped on its side.

30 65. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 64, wherein the at least one channel is arranged to contain liquid from the vessel when tipped on its side, and to drain the contained liquid back into the vessel when the vessel is returned to the upright position.

66. The apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 65, wherein the at least one channel allows filling of and/or pouring from the vessel therethrough.

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67. The apparatus of claim 66, wherein the at least one channel is fluidly connected to a filling and/or dispensing aperture.

68. The apparatus of claim 67, wherein the filling and/or dispensing aperture comprises a spout.

5 69. A spill inhibiting apparatus for a portable vessel for containing heated liquid, the apparatus comprising at least two channels arranged such that when the vessel is in an upright position at least one of the channels vents the vessel and when the vessel is tipped on its side, at least one of the channels vents the vessel whilst the flow of liquid from the vessel through the said channels is impeded.

10 70. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 69, wherein the least two channels have respective apertures arranged such that, when the vessel is tipped over on its side, an aperture of at least one of the channels is above the liquid level in the vessel so as to vent the vessel.

71. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 70, wherein the apertures are located towards the

15 periphery of the vessel.

72. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 70 or 71, wherein the apertures are arranged at opposing sides of a filling and/or dispensing aperture of the vessel.

73. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 72, wherein at least one of said channels comprises at least one weir or baffle arranged to impede the flow of liquid therethrough

20 when the vessel is tipped on its side.

74. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 69 to 73, in which at least one of the channels is formed from adjacent baffles.

75. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 69 to 74, wherein at least one of the channels includes a plurality of baffles in a staggered arrangement.

25 76. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 69 to 75, in which at least one of the channels comprises a plurality of parallel sections.

77. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 69 to 76, including means for impeding the flow of liquid through at least one of the channels.

78. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 77, wherein the means for impeding comprises at

30 least one baffle.

79. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 77, wherein the means for impeding comprises a plurality of baffles in a staggered arrangement.

80. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 69 to 79, wherein at least one of the channels is arranged to contain liquid from the vessel when tipped on its side, and to

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drain the contained liquid back into the vessel when the vessel is returned to the upright position.

81. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 69 to 80, wherein at least one of the channels allows filling of and/or dispensing from the vessel therethrough.

5 82. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 81, wherein at least one of the channels allows filling of and/or dispensing from the vessel therethrough without user actuation thereof.

83. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 81 or 82, wherein said at least one of the channels is fluidly connected to a filling and/or dispensing aperture.

84. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 82 when dependent on claim 70, wherein at least 10 one said aperture is below the filling or dispensing aperture when the appliance is in an upright position.

85. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 84, wherein at least one of the channels is substantially coplanar with the dispensing aperture so as to allow drainage through the dispensing aperture during a dispensing operation.

15 86. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 84 or 85, wherein at least one said aperture is positioned substantially towards the front of the vessel.

87. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 83 to 86, wherein at least two of said channels are commonly connected to the filling or dispensing aperture.

88. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 87, wherein at least two of said channels are 20 commonly connected to the filling or dispensing aperture within a manifold.

89. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 88, wherein the manifold is arranged substantially vertically when the vessel is in an upright position.

90. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 83 to 89, wherein the filling or dispensing aperture comprises a spout.

25 91. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 90, having said spout integrated therewith.

92. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 90 or 91, including a filter for the spout aperture.

93. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 88, wherein the manifold is arranged substantially horizontally.

94. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 83 to 88 or 93, wherein the filling or 30 dispensing aperture comprises a lid aperture.

95. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 69 to 94, wherein at least one of the channels is fluidly connected to a steam-sensitive control switch.

96. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 69 to 95, wherein at least one of the venting apertures has a baffle arranged inwardly thereto so as to impede the flow of

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liquid through the corresponding said venting aperture when the vessel is tipped on its side, without impeding the venting action of said aperture .

97. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 40 or 55 to 96, fixed or removably secured to the vessel.

5 98. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claims 1 to 40 or 55 to 97, arranged within a lid for the vessel.

99. The spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 98 when dependent on claim 70, wherein the at least one of said apertures is in the base of the lid, and at least one baffle is arranged on the underside of the base so as to impede the flow of liquid through the corresponding

10 said aperture when the vessel is tipped on its side, without impeding the venting action of said aperture.

100. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 97, arranged behind a spout of the vessel.

101. A spill inhibiting apparatus for a vessel, comprising a manifold through 15 which the vessel can be filled and liquid can be poured out, the manifold acting to vent the vessel when tipped on its side.

102. The spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 101, operable without any moving parts and/or user actuation.

103. A spill inhibiting apparatus substantially as herein described with reference 20 to and/or as shown in the accompanying drawings.

104. A vessel including the spill-inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 103.

105. The vessel of claim 104, comprising a liquid heating vessel.

106. The vessel of claim 104 or 105, wherein the spill-inhibiting apparatus is 25 provided within a reservoir of the vessel.

107. The vessel of any one of claims 104 to 106, wherein at least one projection is formed on the vessel and/or on an associated lid, so that the spill inhibiting apparatus extends away from the centreline of the appliance into the at least one projection.

108. A kit of parts for the spill inhibiting apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 40 or 30 55 to 103.

109. A lid for a vessel, the lid comprising the spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 98.

110. A spout assembly for a vessel, comprising the spill inhibiting apparatus of claim 100.

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111. A steam chamber for a liquid heating vessel, the steam chamber comprising an inlet aperture opening into the vessel and an outlet aperture for connection to a steam sensor, the steam chamber being arranged to impede liquid flow through the outlet aperture when the vessel is tipped over on its side.

5 112. The steam chamber of claim 111, comprising at least one baffle arranged to impede said liquid flow.

113. The steam chamber of claim 112, wherein the baffle forms a U-shaped channel within the steam chamber.

114. The steam chamber of any one of claims 111 to 113, wherein the inlet aperture is 10 located to one side of the vessel, such that if the vessel is tipped over on its side with that side uppermost, the inlet aperture is located above the liquid level within the vessel, and if the vessel is tipped over on its side with the other side uppermost, the inlet aperture is located below the liquid level, but liquid is prevented by the steam chamber from flowing to the outlet aperture.

15 115.A vessel comprising a spout and a spill inhibiting apparatus arranged to inhibit spillage from the spout when the vessel is tipped over, the vessel being predisposed to rest, when tipped over, with the spout substantially horizontal.

116.The vessel of claim 115, wherein the external walls of the vessel, on either side of the spout, are substantially flat.

20 117.A vessel comprising a spout and a spill inhibiting apparatus arranged to inhibit spillage from the spout when the vessel is tipped over, the vessel being predisposed to rest, when tipped over, with the spout substantially facing upward.

118.The vessel of claim 117, further having a handle substantially opposite the spout, wherein the centre of gravity of the vessel is located towards the handle.

25 119. The vessel of claim 118, tapered towards the handle thereof.

120. The apparatus on any one of claims 55 to 103, in which said apparatus further comprising the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 41.

121. A vessel comprising the apparatus of claim 120.

122. A vessel comprising the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 41 in combination with 30 the steam chamber of any one of claims 42 to 53 and 111 to 114.

123. A vessel comprising the apparatus of any one of claims 55 to 103 in combination with steam chamber of any one of claims 42 to 53 or 111 and 114.

124. The vessel of claim 123, wherein said apparatus further comprises the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 41.

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125. The vessel of any one of claims 121 to 124, wherein the spill-inhibiting apparatus and/or the steam chamber is provided within a reservoir of the vessel.

126. The vessel of any of one claims 121 to 125, wherein the steam chamber is in fluid communication with a steam switch.

5 127.The vessel of any one of claims 41, 53, 104 to 107, 115 to 119 and 121 to 126, wherein the vessel is a safety kettle, kettle, wasserkocher, heated vacuum flask, cooking pot or pan, microwavable container or vessel, hot water on demand appliance, vacuum pot or the like.