GB2422347A - Electrical sealing within a modified atmosphere - Google Patents

Electrical sealing within a modified atmosphere Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2422347A
GB2422347A GB0501139A GB0501139A GB2422347A GB 2422347 A GB2422347 A GB 2422347A GB 0501139 A GB0501139 A GB 0501139A GB 0501139 A GB0501139 A GB 0501139A GB 2422347 A GB2422347 A GB 2422347A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
film
lid
tray
sealed
modified atmosphere
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0501139A
Other versions
GB0501139D0 (en
Inventor
Howard Dudley Malcolm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AVALON GROUP Ltd
Original Assignee
AVALON GROUP Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AVALON GROUP Ltd filed Critical AVALON GROUP Ltd
Priority to GB0501139A priority Critical patent/GB2422347A/en
Publication of GB0501139D0 publication Critical patent/GB0501139D0/en
Publication of GB2422347A publication Critical patent/GB2422347A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B29C66/0012—Joining in special atmospheres characterised by the type of environment
    • B29C66/0014—Gaseous environments
    • B29C66/00141—Protective gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/749—Removing scrap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7861—In-line machines, i.e. feeding, joining and discharging are in one production line
    • B29C65/7867—In-line machines, i.e. feeding, joining and discharging are in one production line using carriers, provided with holding means, said carriers moving in a closed path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/001—Joining in special atmospheres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/032—Mechanical after-treatments
    • B29C66/0326—Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7318—Permeability to gases or liquids
    • B29C66/73185—Permeability to gases or liquids non-permeable
    • B29C66/73186—Permeability to gases or liquids non-permeable to gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849—Packaging machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00—Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B65B31/025—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas specially adapted for rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65B31/028—Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas specially adapted for rigid or semi-rigid containers closed by a lid sealed to the upper rim of the container, e.g. tray-like container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Vacuum Packaging (AREA)

Abstract

A lid is sealed to a packaging container 10 within a modified atmosphere 11 by an electrical, dielectric sealing means. After the package has been sealed it is directed to a cutting and trimming station 17 outside the modified atmosphere, where excess lid web is cut and removed. The modified atmosphere may be that of inert gases used for food preservation such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

Description

1 2422347
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEALING PACKAGING CONTAINERS
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for sealing packaging containers of the kind that are used to package foodstuffs.
It is known to seal a filled thermoformed plastics packaging tray with a thin web of polymeric, gas barrier, film. In the food packaging industry the film is applied in a modified gas atmosphere so that the packaged food is retained in an environment that facilitates preservation of the food and therefore improves its shelf life. A common sealing technique for the film is to use electrodes that apply radio frequency (r.f.) electromagnetic field or electrical energy to excite and heat the molecules of the him and/or the plastics of the tray so that the film and tray are welded to one another.
This technique is well known to the skilled person in the field.
In a typical packaging production line the tray is first thermoformed using well-established techniques and is then filled with the product e.g. a foodstuff at a filling station. Immediately downstream from the filling station the filled trays enter a MAP (modified atmosphere packaging) chamber that contains r.f. sealing electrodes and cutting elements. The film for forming the lid is unwound from a first reel disposed above the production line so that it extends along the line of filled trays and through the MAP chamber where it passes between the sealing electrodes and the cutting elements before being collected by a second reel. In operation, the open, filled trays are brought sequentially uiider the r.f. sealing head along with the unwound film and the head is actuated to weld the film to the edges of the tray so as to provide a sealed package. Thereafter, at the same location, cutting elements are brought to bear against the film to separate the sealed tray from the rest of the film web. Problems have been experienced in this apparatus of this kind with inconsistent sealing of the trays.
It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate the aforesaid disadvantages.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided packaging apparatus for thermoplastic packaging having a lid and a base, the apparatus comprising a modified atmosphere chamber in which the lid is heat sealed to the base of a filled package, the chamber containing electrical sealing elements that conic into contact with the lid and base when energised so as to seal the package, and a cutting station downstream of the chamber for cutting or trimming the excess film from the lid.
Preferably the sealing elements are energised by radio frequency electrical energy.
The film is ideally provided in the form of an elongate web that is unwound from a first reel disposed to upstream of the chamber. The film unwound from the web is passed between the tray and the sealing elements and collected on a second reel disposed downstream of the cutting station.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there provided a method for producing a packaged product comprising the steps of filling a thermoplastics tray with a product to be packaged, applying web of polymer film over the tray in a modified atmosphere, heat sealing the film to an edge of the tray by application of an electrical sealing element in said modified atmosphere, transporting the sealed tray to a distal cutting station and cutting excess film from the lid.
It will be understood that the term "modified atmosphere" is intended to mean a gas atmosphere other than ambient air that serves to preserve the life of a perishable product.
A specific embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic side view of apparatus for producing a sealed packagiiig container.
Referring now to the drawing, thermoformed plastics packaging trays 10 are produced in a continuous line and transported on a conveyor to a modified atmosphere chamber II in which is disposed an r.f. sealing device 12.
The sealing device 12 is of conventional design and comprises vertically movable electrodes 13 disposed above the trays. To the left of the chamber there is a first reel 14 that carries an elongate web of film 15 that is made of a suitable gas barrier polymer. The film 15 is unwound from the reel 14 and passes under a guide roller 16, through the chamber 11 over the line of trays 10 and out the other side.
Downstream of the chamber 11, at a predetermined distance therefrom, there is a separate cutting or trimming station 17 that is used to cut sealed trays 10 from the web of film 1 5 using a conventional cutting blade 18 or other severing element (e.g. wire). The particular cutting station shown has two sets of blades 18 so that it is able to cut the film of two adjacent trays lOa lOb simultaneously. When the film 15 is severed the remaining web of film is collected on a second reel 19 disposed to the right of the cutting station 17.
The filled and sealed tray packages are then conveyed to the next station in the production cycle which may be, for example, separation or labelling of the trays.
It has been discovered that the separation of the sealing and cutting stations in this way improves the quality of the seal between the film lid and the tray. It is believed that this is as a result of the reduced electric or electromagnetic interference between the sealing electrodes and the cutting elements.
It will be appreciated that numerous modifications to the above described design may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

  1. I. Packaging apparatus for producing a sealed thermoplastic package having a lid and a base, the apparatus comprising a modified atmosphere chamber in which the lid is heat sealed to the base of a filled package, the chamber containing electrical sealing elements that come into contact with the lid and basc when energised so as to seal the package, and a cutting station downstream of the chamber for cutting excess film from the lid.
  2. 2. Packaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sealing elements are energised by radio frequency electrical energy.
  3. 3. Packaging apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lid is in the form of a film.
  4. 4. Packaging apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the film is provided in the form of an elongate web that is unwound from a first reel disposed to upstream of the chamber.
  5. 5. Packaging apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the cutting station is adapted to cut the sealed lid and base from the remainder of the elongate web of film.
  6. 6. Packaging apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the film unwound from the web is passed between the tray and the sealing elements and collected on a second reel disposed downstream of the cutting station.
  7. 7. A method for producing a sealed packaged product comprising the steps of filling a thermoplastics tray with a product to be packaged, applymg web of polymer film over the tray in a modified atmosphere, heat sealing the film to an edge of the tray by application of an electrical sealing element in said modified atmosphere, transporting the sealed tray to a distal cutting station and cutting excess film from the lid.
GB0501139A 2005-01-20 2005-01-20 Electrical sealing within a modified atmosphere Withdrawn GB2422347A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0501139A GB2422347A (en) 2005-01-20 2005-01-20 Electrical sealing within a modified atmosphere

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0501139A GB2422347A (en) 2005-01-20 2005-01-20 Electrical sealing within a modified atmosphere

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0501139D0 GB0501139D0 (en) 2005-02-23
GB2422347A true GB2422347A (en) 2006-07-26

Family

ID=34224864

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB0501139A Withdrawn GB2422347A (en) 2005-01-20 2005-01-20 Electrical sealing within a modified atmosphere

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2422347A (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1298397A (en) * 1969-04-12 1972-11-29 Philips Electronic Associated Method of sealing the envelope of a gas-filled lamp
JPH09267393A (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-14 Tenetsukusu:Kk Preparation of strainer
FR2856657A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-31 Bonduelle Sa Ets Food products e.g. raw fruit, conditioning method, involves modifying atmosphere near container and cover by introducing gaseous mixture rare in oxygen e.g. mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases, and sealing packing

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1298397A (en) * 1969-04-12 1972-11-29 Philips Electronic Associated Method of sealing the envelope of a gas-filled lamp
JPH09267393A (en) * 1996-03-29 1997-10-14 Tenetsukusu:Kk Preparation of strainer
FR2856657A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2004-12-31 Bonduelle Sa Ets Food products e.g. raw fruit, conditioning method, involves modifying atmosphere near container and cover by introducing gaseous mixture rare in oxygen e.g. mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases, and sealing packing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0501139D0 (en) 2005-02-23

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