GB2340318A - Battery recharging station for electrically powered boats - Google Patents

Battery recharging station for electrically powered boats Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2340318A
GB2340318A GB9816844A GB9816844A GB2340318A GB 2340318 A GB2340318 A GB 2340318A GB 9816844 A GB9816844 A GB 9816844A GB 9816844 A GB9816844 A GB 9816844A GB 2340318 A GB2340318 A GB 2340318A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
pontoon
station according
solar panel
panel unit
meter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9816844A
Other versions
GB9816844D0 (en
Inventor
Brian Ellis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB9816844A priority Critical patent/GB2340318A/en
Publication of GB9816844D0 publication Critical patent/GB9816844D0/en
Publication of GB2340318A publication Critical patent/GB2340318A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63JAUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J3/04Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14Conductive energy transfer
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/32Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on moving objects, e.g. vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/32Waterborne vessels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63JAUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J3/00Driving of auxiliaries
    • B63J3/04Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant
    • B63J2003/043Driving of auxiliaries from power plant other than propulsion power plant using shore connectors for electric power supply from shore-borne mains, or other electric energy sources external to the vessel, e.g. for docked, or moored vessels
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/42The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728Onshore wind turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Description

2340318 Battery Recharging Station for Electrically Powered Boats This
invention relates to a battery recharging station for electrically powered boats.
In environmentally sensitive areas containing water on which leisure boats are used, it is to be increasingly expected that the only powered boats permitted will be electrically powered. Electrically powered boats do, however, require relatively frequent recharging of the on-board batteries. A network of land based recharging sites drawing on mains electricity is difficult and very expensive to set up and a less expensive and simpler system for recharging electrically powered boats would be desirable.
According to the invention, there is provided a battery recharging station for electrically powered boats, comprising a pontoon adapted to be moored at a recharging site, a solar panel unit and a wind powered generator mounted on the pontoon, a battery bank on the pontoon, the batteries of which are maintained charged by the solar panel unit and wind powered generator, and at least one point on the pontoon connected to the battery bank and adapted to reeive a cable through which batteries on board an electric boat can be recharged.
"Me wind powered generator may conveniently be mounted on top of the solar panel unit, itself preferably mounted on a housing accommodating the battery bank.
The power supply assembly of the wind powered generator, the solar panel unit and the battery bank may be carried by the pontoon at a central position thereon, one or more meter points being provided adjacent the periphery of the pontoon. Typically four such meter points may be provided, one near each comer of the pomoon, adjacent a mooring fitment for a boat which is to use the adjacent meter point.
The or each meter point may be adapted to use a chargecard payment system.
A network of the aforeaid pontoons may be set up and operated substantially more easily and less expensively than a network of land recharging stations.
Moreover, a pontoon may readily be moved if it becomes necessary or desirable to resite a recharging station. Additionally, each pontoon generates its own electricity to keep the battery bank charged, and the operator of the pontoon does not have to purchase electricity from a mains supplier.
The invention is ftirther described with reference to the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which shows a pontoon in diagrammatic perspective view.
Referring to the drawing, a floating pontoon 10, conveniently of steel or fibreglass is moored in a free water space to constitute a recharging station for an electrically powered boat.
Near its centre, the pontoon supports a housing 12 containing a bank of batteries and, for keeping said batteries in charged condition, a solar panel 14 on top of the housing surmounted by a wind powered generator 16. The pontoon is moored so that at least some of the panels of the solar panel unit always face towards the sun, and for this purpose the panels are angled to face upwards around a semi-circular arc.
Located adjacent the four comers of the pontoon 10 are four meter points 18 supplied with power from the battery bank. Each meter point has a connector 20 for attachment of a cable through which batteries on board a boat may be recharged, and a slot 22 for enabling payment by chargecard.
The pontoon is provided with comer buffers 24 and mooring fitment 26 adjacent the buffers to enable mooring of a boat during recharging of its batteries.
In a water-containing sensitive environment in which only the use of electrically powered leisure craft is permitted, a network of the abovedescribed pontoons can easily and inexpensively be set up to service electrically powered boats, and it may sometimes be convenient to provide other additional services on board the pontoon.

Claims (12)

Claim
1. A battery recharging station for electrically powered boats, comprising a floating pontoon adapted to be moored at a recharging site, a solar panel unit and a wind powered generator mounted on the pontoon, a battery bank on the pontoon, the batteries of which are maintained charged by the solar panel unit and wind powered generator, and at least one point on the pontoon connected to the battery bank and adapted to receive a cable through which batteries on board an electric boat can be recharged.
2. A station according to claim 1, wherein the wind powered generator is mounted on top of the solar panel unit.
3. A station according to claim 2, wherein the solar panel unit is mounted on a housing accommodating the battery bank.
4. A station according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power supply assembly comprising the wind powered generator, the solar panel unit and the battery bank is carried by the pontoon at a central position thereon.
5. A station according to claim 4, wherein one or more meter points from which the boat batteries may be recharged is provided adjacent the periphery of the pontoon.
6. A station according to claim 5, wherein four such meter points are provided, one near each comer of the pontoon.
7. A station according to claim 5 or claim 6, wherein each meter point is provided adjacent a mooring fitment for a boat which is to use the adjacent meter -5point.
8. A station according to any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the or each meter point is adapted to use a chargecard payment system.
9. A station according to any of claims I to 8, adapted, in use, to be moored in free water space.
10. A station according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the solar panel unit has an arcuate array of solar panels so that, when the pontoon is moored, at least some of the panels of the solar panel unit always face towards the sun.
11. A station according to claim 10, wherein the solar panels are angled to face upwards around a semi-circular arc.
12. A battery recharging station substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
GB9816844A 1998-08-04 1998-08-04 Battery recharging station for electrically powered boats Withdrawn GB2340318A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9816844A GB2340318A (en) 1998-08-04 1998-08-04 Battery recharging station for electrically powered boats

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9816844A GB2340318A (en) 1998-08-04 1998-08-04 Battery recharging station for electrically powered boats

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9816844D0 GB9816844D0 (en) 1998-09-30
GB2340318A true GB2340318A (en) 2000-02-16

Family

ID=10836599

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9816844A Withdrawn GB2340318A (en) 1998-08-04 1998-08-04 Battery recharging station for electrically powered boats

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2340318A (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2359594A (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-08-29 Leonard Thomas Vaughan Duct for wind-powered generator
WO2005080124A2 (en) 2004-02-14 2005-09-01 Brian Ellis A pontoon
US7410395B2 (en) * 2004-08-20 2008-08-12 Yamaha Marine Kabushiki Kaisha Parent-child type boat with generator
DE102011077427A1 (en) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Charger and charging method with floating charging unit
CN106184633A (en) * 2016-09-08 2016-12-07 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 A kind of floating type water charging pile of band infrared signal location
CN106314702A (en) * 2016-09-08 2017-01-11 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 Water charging pile supplying power to electric unmanned aerial vehicle on water parking platform
WO2018188271A1 (en) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-18 广州市旋通节能科技有限公司 Water surface activity system allowing quick swapping of power battery on water surface
WO2024003255A1 (en) * 2022-06-29 2024-01-04 Bucephale System for safely recharging boats during the time spent in a lock

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4141425A (en) * 1976-08-04 1979-02-27 L. L. Payne Means for generating electrical energy for vehicle
US4553037A (en) * 1982-11-26 1985-11-12 Veazey Sidney E Solar breeze power package and saucer ship
EP0552736A1 (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-07-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Wall/ceiling mounted inductive charger
EP0552737A1 (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-07-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Weatherized curb-side charger
WO1996012871A1 (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-02 Robert Dederick Facility for refueling of clean air vehicles/marine craft and power generation
WO1997040999A1 (en) * 1996-04-29 1997-11-06 Solomon Technologies Method and apparatus for propelling a marine vessel

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4141425A (en) * 1976-08-04 1979-02-27 L. L. Payne Means for generating electrical energy for vehicle
US4553037A (en) * 1982-11-26 1985-11-12 Veazey Sidney E Solar breeze power package and saucer ship
EP0552736A1 (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-07-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Wall/ceiling mounted inductive charger
EP0552737A1 (en) * 1992-01-22 1993-07-28 Hughes Aircraft Company Weatherized curb-side charger
WO1996012871A1 (en) * 1994-10-19 1996-05-02 Robert Dederick Facility for refueling of clean air vehicles/marine craft and power generation
WO1997040999A1 (en) * 1996-04-29 1997-11-06 Solomon Technologies Method and apparatus for propelling a marine vessel

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2359594A (en) * 2000-02-26 2001-08-29 Leonard Thomas Vaughan Duct for wind-powered generator
GB2359594B (en) * 2000-02-26 2002-02-13 Leonard Thomas Vaughan Wind-powered generating device having a convergent duct
WO2005080124A2 (en) 2004-02-14 2005-09-01 Brian Ellis A pontoon
US7410395B2 (en) * 2004-08-20 2008-08-12 Yamaha Marine Kabushiki Kaisha Parent-child type boat with generator
DE102011077427A1 (en) * 2011-06-10 2012-12-13 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Charger and charging method with floating charging unit
US9333866B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2016-05-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Charging device and charging method with float-mounted charging unit
CN106184633A (en) * 2016-09-08 2016-12-07 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 A kind of floating type water charging pile of band infrared signal location
CN106314702A (en) * 2016-09-08 2017-01-11 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 Water charging pile supplying power to electric unmanned aerial vehicle on water parking platform
WO2018188271A1 (en) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-18 广州市旋通节能科技有限公司 Water surface activity system allowing quick swapping of power battery on water surface
WO2024003255A1 (en) * 2022-06-29 2024-01-04 Bucephale System for safely recharging boats during the time spent in a lock
FR3137513A1 (en) * 2022-06-29 2024-01-05 Bucephale system for reloading boats during the passage through a lock.

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Publication number Publication date
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